Post on 02-Jun-2018
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VALVES
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TYPES OF VALVES
Globe valves - common type of stop
valve
the disk seats on the seating ring
commonly used in, steam, air, water, and
oil lines
also used as throttle valves
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TYPES OF VALVES
Gate valve - used for straight line
flow and when minimum flow
restriction are needed not used for throttling
rising stem or nonrising stem
steam systems have flexible gates
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TYPES OF VALVES
Butterfly valve - light weight,
relatively small and quick-acting
has a body, resilient seat, butterfly disk, astem, packing, a notched position plate,
and a handle
very versatile - can be used for fresh water,salt water, JP-5, lube-oil, and chill water
systems
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Relief
Valve
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VALVE OPERATING
DEVICES Manual
Hydraulic
Motor (electric or air operated)
Solenoid
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PUMPS
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PUMP COMPONENTS
Drive
Steam, electric, or gear
Pump Shaft
Impeller or Piston
Casing
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PUMP TYPES
CENTRIFUGAL Single Stage
Multi-staged centrifugal pumps
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
Reciprocating
Rotary Gear
Screw
Moving vane JET PUMP
Eductor
Ejector
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POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMP Fixed Volume
Volumetric Flow rate is proportional to
speed
A relief valve will always be on the
discharge end of the pump
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E
XA
MP
LE
S
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PRESSURE HEAD
( Hp = ft lbf/ lbm)
CAPACITY
(V= GPM)
N 1 N 2
Actual
Ideal
Recip rocat ing Pump
Charact er ist ic Cur ve
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BERNOULLIS THEOREM
Z1+ P1/D + 1/2(V12/g) =Z2+P2/D + 1/2(V2
2/g)
+ gc/g(wk) + HL
Where:
Z : Elevation (ft)
P : Pressure (lbs/ft2)
D : Density (lb/ft3)
V : Velocity (ft/sec)g : acceleration
(32.2 ft/sec2)
wk: work (ft-lbs)
HL: Head Loss
= f(L/D)(V2/2Zg)
where
f : friction factor
L: Length
D: Diameter
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BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE
Basically: as the velocity (speed) of afluid increases, its pressure decreases,
and visa versa
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PUMPS
Net Positive Suction Head: that
pressure required at the suction of a
pump to prevent cavitation. cavitation: the formation of bubbles due to
area where P < PSAT, and the subsequent
collapse of those bubbles.
causes noise and damage due to erosion and
fatigue failure.
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Pressure
Head
V = GPM
HP =
( ft lbf)/ lbm
V N
Hp N2
Pw N3
.here
V = volumetric flow rate
N = Speed of rotation
Hp= Pump Head ( discharge pressure
Pw= Power required ( prime mover)
N 2= 2N 1
Charact er ist ic cur ve for cent r i f ugal pum p
N 1
N 2
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PUMPS
Centrifugal:
Parallel pumps:
1 pump
2 pumpsHP
VGPM
V2= 2V1
HP2= HP1
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PUMPS
Series (called staging):
HP
VGPM
1 pump
2 pumps
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Fans
Same Principle as Non-positive
displacement pumps
Types: Centrifugal: majority used for compressors
Axial (like propeller): cooling fans
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QUESTIONS