Structural EngineeringGROUP MEMBERS:

WONG LIENG KAM 0323566TANG LAM YU 0324966

DEAN 0324251ELVIS 0324366

KELVIN 0325939BENSON 0324998

WHAT IS STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING?

Research Planning Design Construction

Buildings Bridges In-ground structures

Strength calculations Prepare drawings of structures

The Importance of Structural Engineering-Structural engineering, a part of civil engineering, has emerged as a critical part of the construction process.-The following points demonstrate the importance of structural

engineering for building structures and foundations.

1)Structural Analysis Structural engineers working as sub–consultant to

architectures help delineate internal and external factors, such as load, wind velocity, intersections, nodes, components, and landscape on the structure steel system, utility, and capabilities.

2)Safety Assessment Structural engineers check internal and external forces, including fracture, materials used, earthquake, vibration, creep, structure fatigue, temperature, wind, and dynamics, which have bearing on the structure.

3)Estimation

Structural engineering helps outline behavior of individual structural members and the most suitable geometries and material requirements for them.

EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURAL BUILDING

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

Design

http://www.ncejobs.co.uk/article/structural-engineers-roles-and-responsibilities/

Management

Communication

Investigation

Design - Calculating the loads and stresses the construction will have to safely withstand. Able to factor in the different qualities and strengths delivered

Investigation - investigation and survey of build sites to determine the suitability of the earth for the requirements of the upcoming project before the works begin.

Communication - co-ordinate and consult with other members of their projects, including engineers, environmental scientists, architects and landscape architects.

Management - organization and delivery of materials and equipment for the needs of the construction project.

Training

Importance of structural Importance of structural drawingsdrawings

-To achieve the geometric form of the design.

-To communicate ideas between designers and manufacturing personnel.

-To act as an analysing tool.-To stimulate the design.-To support large number of perspective

references.

STAGES OF DRAWINGS

1.Structural engineering read the drawings of the building.2.Then they decides what materials to use.3.After that they calculated the loads of buildings.4.Then they choose the types of elements they use.5.Structural engineer analyze the structures. 6.Lastly, they proceed to the construction.

BEFORE CONSTRUCTION Prepare the information of construction for tendering. Produce the drawings of construction and details.

DURING CONSTRUCTION

Structural engineers are responsible for designing the structure and foundations that support the various loads on a building, including people, furniture, fittings, vehicles and machinery.

Structural engineers also ensure that the building will withstand all the elements.

AFTER CONSTRUCTION Load test is required to prevent the buildings from collapsing.

TYPES OF DRAWINGS BY STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS

1) Structural Drawings2) Reinforcement Drawings 3) Standard Details4) Record Drawings

1) STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

Structural Drawings are used to progress the Architect's concept by specifying the shape and position of all parts of the structure - thus enabling the construction of that structure on site .Structure Drawings are also used for the preparation of the reinforcement drawings .

2) REINFORCEMENT DRAWINGS Reinforcement Drawings ,fully describe

and locate all reinforcement in relation to the finished surface of the concrete and to any holes or fixing .They are primarily for the use of the steel fixers and it is preferable that they are kept separate from the general arrangement drawing .

3) STANDARD DETAIL

Project management term for a drawing or illustration that is accurate and comprehensive enough to be used in different projects with little or no change.

4) RECORD DRAWINGS

Revised set of drawing submitted by a contractor upon completion of a project or a particular job. They reflect all changes made in the specifications and working drawings during the construction process, and show the exact dimensions, geometry, and location of all elements of the work completed under the contract. Also called as-built drawings or just as-builts.

EXAMPLES OF DRAWINGS

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING - Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

- - It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines includingIt is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including architectural engineering,architectural engineering, control engineering, structural engineering, control engineering, structural engineering, quantity surveying, coastal engineering, construction surveying,constructionquantity surveying, coastal engineering, construction surveying,construction engineeringengineering and so on . and so on .

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 1) A nalyze various factors concerning a construction job.

2) Plan the construction project that will be taking place in conjunction with theresults they found due to their analysis of the proposed project.