12 dessai epri sandia - pge vvo pilot
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Transcript of 12 dessai epri sandia - pge vvo pilot
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 1
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Volt VAR Optimization Smart Grid Pilot at PG&E EPRI / Sandia PV Systems Symposium Rustom Dessai, PE – PG&E Emerging Grid Technologies
May 10, 2016
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 2
PG&E Smart Grid VVO Background
Objective - evaluate VVO’s ability to: 1. Enhance grid monitoring & control 2. Grid efficiencies and Conservation Voltage Reduction 3. Accommodate growing distributed generation
Scope – Lab Test (Phase 1) then Field Trial (Phase 2) on 14 feeders • Pilot two competing vendors
• Extensive testing completed at PG&E ATS Facility
• Varying DG penetration (ranging from 2% – 35%: nameplate / peak)
Preliminary* results to date from 12 feeders: • Summer 2015: 0.1% energy savings • Fall 2015: 2.2% energy savings • Cumulative Energy Reduction: 1.5%
• Cumulative Average CVRf: 0.9
* Results will be refined through course of pilot as new data and analysis methods are introduced
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 3
VVO Technology Overview
• VVO incorporates sensing, communications and computing to more tightly control voltage delivered to customers
• Reducing voltage drives energy efficiency through Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) – reducing delivered voltage reduces energy consumption without sacrificing device/appliance performance & customer satisfaction
• Has the promise to deliver: • 1-2% reduction in energy demand and consumption • Improved voltage control on circuits with high DG penetration
120V
126V
114V
Line Capacitor Line Regulator Substation LTC Customer Load
Distributed Generation
Original Voltage
Voltage with VVO
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 4
Vendor Selection for the VVO Pilot PG&E’s Key Requirements for VVO • Must function with a balanced model (rather than unbalanced w/ phasing) • Must minimize initial configuration and maintenance, preferably by leveraging an
existing network model (preferably GIS or DMS) maintaining an additional network model and manual configuration/maintenance processes are a last resort
• Must support increased distributed generation penetration • Must utilize or integrate with existing operator interfaces (either DMS, SCADA or PI)
Strategies to Guide VVO Vendor Selection • Leverage existing assets • Maximize customer benefits • Manage future grid complexity
• Provide path to DMS/EMS integration • Minimize Total Cost of Ownership
PG&E Pilot VVO Vendors1 Selected through RFP, Benchmarking, and Demos • Measurement based systems – not requiring unbalanced models
• Different strategies: Secondary (AMI) vs Primary / Set point vs tap control • Perceived ability to handle increasing grid complexity relative to field • Existing installations at other utilities
(1) PG&E will reassess the marketplace when choosing a vendor for a wide-scale deployment of VVO
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 5
PG&E DTY Testing Facility
UIQ System
Distribution Test Yard
Meter Simulator AMI Head End
Test VVO SCADA
Network Model
Meter Farm
PG&E utilized the distribution test yard (DTY) to simulate circuit responses to VVO operation, allowing evaluation of vendor solution performance prior to field deployment.
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 6
DG Penetration Increases on VVO Circuits: 2013 - 2016
• Original VVO feeder selection analysis done near end of 2013 • Observed significant increases in DG penetration on VVO feeders in short span (<3
years) of pilot
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
A-1101 A-1102 A-1103 P-2101 P-2102 P-2103 B-1114 B-1115 B-1116 W-2104 W-2105 W-2106 D-1102 D-1104
VVO Feeder DG Penetration Increases
DG / Peak Load 2013 DG / Peak Load 2016
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 7
Reverse power seen at feeder and regulators
Feeder Head Regulator
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 8
Reverse Power VVO Vendor Strategy Progression through Pilot
No strategy Disable VVO
Ride-through reverse power for
co-gen regs, disable otherwise
Vendors not allowed out of test phase
Caused certain systems to trip
regularly around midday
Works well for PG&E’s VVO circuits,
no issues so far
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 9
VVO’s Effect on Woodward 2106 (has high DG Penetration > 25% of load) No issues with 2 On days, some issues with 3 Off days
VVO On
VVO Off
VVO On
VVO Off
VVO Off
• VVO team will continue studying VVO’s impact on voltage in presence of PV • Currently testing one VVO vendor’s strategy to use irradiance forecast to hedge
voltage against PV variability
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 10
• Found existing voltage unbalance on feeders during summer severely limited VVO functionality
• Analysis of frequent AMI voltage readings can help weed out feeders that may have existing issues with voltage or voltage unbalance
• As part of the VVO pilot, PG&E enabled 15 min / hourly voltage reads on 1 million meters to analyze how this data may inform VVO feeder selection
Lessons Learned: Feeder Screening
Aug 25 Aug 26 Aug 27 Aug 28
VVO On
VVO Disables
VVO On
VVO Disables
126 120 114
Sept 29 Sept 30 Oct 1 Oct 2
126
120
114
VVO Off
VVO On
VVO Off
VVO On
Sum
mer
201
5 Fa
ll 20
15
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 11
Lessons Learned: Value from Proactive Issue Identification and Resolution • Configured Tableau and PI screens as tools to monitor AMI voltages and SCADA
data to identify issues proactively and find resolutions • Almost all issues related to secondary problems, but also used to adjust existing
settings on field equipment, and to confirm VVO settings
T-man replaces service drop to customer and resolves problem before customer notices issue
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 12
Exploring value of Smart Inverters for VVO
Modeling (complete)
• How can VVO control of Smart Inverters improve VVO performance?
• What value could VVO extract from “VARs at night”?
Lab Testing (in progress)
• What “VVO friendly” power factor and Volt-Var settings deliver safe “no fight” conditions in the field
Field Trial (later in 2016)
• Collaborate with 3rd party installers to have Smart Inverters installed in Q2 2016, adjust power factor and Volt-Var settings to improve VVO benefits
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 13
Large DG
Dinuba Sub
Complex with concentrated DG • > 100 circuit miles • 5 line voltage regulators • 23% DG penetration1
• Three large DGs: 2 x 1 MW, 1 x 0.7 MW VVO Go Live in Jan 2016 drove interest in predicting performance
(1) Measured as DG capacity / feeder peak load. At time study began, additional DG connection has raised penetration to 34% as of January 2016
Dinuba
Dinuba 1104 studied due to challenging voltage control conditions
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 14
Case 2: Traditional VVO Case 3: VVO plus SI P.F. control
Charts below show comparison of VVO savings metrics Case 1 (No VVO) at varying DG penetration levels
VVO control of SI can deliver line loss reduction at low DG penetration, and energy delivery savings at higher penetrations
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
23% 47% 70% 94%DG Penetration
Daytime (8 am – 6 pm)
VARs at Night
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
23% 45% 68% 91%
0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
23% 47% 70% 94%0%
3%
6%
9%
12%
15%
23% 45% 68% 91%
Energy Delivery Savings*
Line Loss Reduction*
*Results should be deemed as a general guideline regarding potential VVO benefits. It is recommended that further analyses be conducted for a larger sample of feeders with varying topologies, voltage levels, customer densities, customer types, etc.
NOTE: Larger % savings does not necessarily correlate to larger magnitude of energy delivered savings because overall energy delivered decreases in magnitude as penetration increases.
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 15
DG as Part of VVO – Technical Analysis Results
Case 1: No VVO, PV-DG operates at unity power factor
Case 2: VVO controls LTC, Regs, and Caps, PV-DG operates at unity power factor
Case 3: VVO controls LTC, Regs, Caps, and DG smart inverter power factor (0.95 lead, unity, or 0.95 lag)
*Results should be deemed as a general guideline regarding potential VVO benefits. It is recommended that further analyses be conducted for a larger sample of feeders with varying topologies, voltage levels, customer densities, customer types, etc.
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 16
VVO Pilot Smart Inverter Field Trial
• Adjust Smart Inverter P.F. and Volt-VAR settings to evaluate impact to VVO performance
Follow technology and regulatory development to automate use of Smart Inverters
• DERMS EPIC Technology Demonstration in late 2016
• Follow ADMS / VVO / DERMS technology developments
• California Distributed Resources Plan – locational value of Smart Inverters?
GRID of THINGS
Next Steps for SI
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 17
Post-Pilot Deployment
• 2017-2019 GRC proposed $84M deployment on 228 feeders (7% of PG&E’s system)
• Presently forecasting a benefit-cost ratio of 1.2 – 2.0, and will be updating forecast in May
• Plan dependent on PG&E’s SCADA and DMS plans – Deployment of VVO would be tightly integrated with DMS enabling automated configurations and reconfigurations
• PG&E is not tied to piloted vendors, and will reassess the VVO vendor market place for deployment vendor
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Smart Grid Pilot Projects Volt VAR Optimization 18
Questions?
Questions?