'Agujeros negros de masa intermedia: efectos sobre su...
Transcript of 'Agujeros negros de masa intermedia: efectos sobre su...
-
Di r ecci n:Di r ecci n: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Intendente Giraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293
Co nta cto :Co nta cto : [email protected]
Tesis Doctoral
Agujeros negros de masa intermedia:Agujeros negros de masa intermedia:efectos sobre su entorno yefectos sobre su entorno y
detectabilidaddetectabilidad
Pepe, Carolina
2013
Este documento forma parte de la coleccin de tesis doctorales y de maestra de la BibliotecaCentral Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilizacin debe seracompaada por la cita bibliogrfica con reconocimiento de la fuente.
This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis FedericoLeloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the correspondingcitation acknowledging the source.
Cita tipo APA:
Pepe, Carolina. (2013). Agujeros negros de masa intermedia: efectos sobre su entorno ydetectabilidad. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires.
Cita tipo Chicago:
Pepe, Carolina. "Agujeros negros de masa intermedia: efectos sobre su entorno ydetectabilidad". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2013.
http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.arhttp://digital.bl.fcen.uba.armailto:[email protected] -
UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
Departamento de Fsica
Agujeros negros de masa intermedia: efectossobre su entorno y detectabilidad
Tesis presentada para optar al ttulo deDoctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el area Ciencias
Fsicas
Carolina Pepe
Director de Tesis: Dr. Leonardo J. Pellizza
Consejero de estudios: Dra. Cristina Caputo
Lugar de Trabajo: Instituto de Astronoma y Fsica del Espacio(CONICET-UBA)
Buenos Aires, 2013
-
M 102104 M
-
102104 M
-
W0 8
m(r)/r
-
E(B V )5000 K
MBH = 1000 M
MBH = 3981 M
E(B V )9976 K
-
E(B V )12559 K
(P /P )
(P /P )int
2511M
3981M
100 M 1000 M
-
1
-
M
M
105 109 M
-
102 105 M
103 104M
M 10910 M
105 M
-
jets
scattering
B ! 1013 scattering
B 1012
L > 1040 erg s1
103
105 106 M
-
M 104M /t
M t
30
M ! 100 M
102 103 M
-
M ! 250 M
[1,3 2,3] 104 M
1000 M
-
5 104 M
4,7 104 M500M
4 104 M
-
4,7 104 M
1,7 104 M104 M
[1,5 3,9] 103 M
3 103 M 2 103 M
2 103 M 8 103 M 6 103 M 800 M
-
140 M
2104 M
F5 = 10
(
L
3 1031 1)0,6(
M
100 M
)0,76 (d
10
)2
.
-
L M
d
L M
cm3
M
LX = Mc2
M
M M
-
M
M M
M
LX
LX
M
M
-
M
-
2
-
105 106 M
100108
1010
-
f
-
f($r,$v) d3$r d3$v d3$r
$r d3$v $v
2 = 4G
fd3$v,
1
r
d
dr
(
r2d
dr
)
= 4G
fd3$v,
r
f exp(E/2)E
-
0
+ 0 E + 0 = 1
2v2,
v = |$v| E
0 f > 0 > 0 f = 0 $ 0
-
fK() =
1(22)
3
2 (e/2 1) > 0
0 < 0.
1
r0
92
4G0,
0
> 0
k() =4
(22)3
2
2
0
[
exp
(
12v2
2
)
1]
v2dv
= 1
[
e/2
erf
(
)
4
2
(
1 +2
32
)
]
,
erf(x)
1
r
d
dr
(
r2d
dr
)
= 4G1r2[
e/2
erf
(
)
4
2
(
1 +2
32
)
]
.
r = 0 (d/dr) = 0
-
r = 0 (0) > 0
(0)
(0) (d/dr) = 0
(d2/dr2) < 0 2
rt
rt M(rt) (rt)
(rt) = GM(rt)
rt.
(0) = (rt)(0)(0)
(0)
0 r0
r7/4
-
f (E)1/4
x r/r0 v/ W (x) (x)/2
E 2/2W (x) (x)/0M(x) M(x)/0r30
M/0r30
r0 0
-
f(E) =
c(E)1/4 E < W(2)3/2(eE 1) W < E < 00 E 0
,
c (2)3/2(exp(W ) 1)W1/4
f W W (xt) = 0 xt
W W (x )
x
M(x ) = 0,1,
x GM/2r0M(x ) % 104
x
-
W ( )
d2W
dx2+
2
x
dW
dx= (4G0r22)(W ), x > 0;
W
(W ) = 4
2W
0
f(E)2d =
1, W W2, W > W
,
1 2 W
r0 =92
4G0.
d2W
dx2+
2
x
dW
dx= 9(W ), x > 0,
x0 > 0
-
dW
dx(x0) = W
0,
W (x0) = W0.
x0 = x
W W
d
dr(x ) =
GM
(xBHr0)2=
G
x20r0,
W x = 9
4x2.
(,W )
0,1 x
x M(x)
x
x = GM/32r0
M = 0, 100, 1000, 4000 M W0 8
-
r < r0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
r/r0
0.0001
0.01
1
100
!/"
2
sin IMBH
M = 100 M#
M = 1000 M#
M = 4000 M#
W0 8
-
0,8M 0,2M 0,1M
1014 1011 1
103
-
10 100M
H2
M
0,1 M
0,1 M
102 105 M 5 104 M
9 104 M
-
M R
m
Eacc = GMm/R,
R 3 M MEacc 5 1020
Enuc = 0,007mc2,
c Enuc = 61018
-
g1
M /R
M /R
M
LEdd = 4GMmpc/T = 1,3 1038(M/M)erg s1.
-
T = (Lacc/4R2)1/4,
RSch = 2GM/c2 M
104 M
T =
(
LEdd16G2M2
)1/4
3,8 106K,
kT
3
-
$v
$v
T L $v T
t+ ($v) = 0
$v
t+ ($v )$v = P + $f
t(1
2v2 + ) + (1
2v2 + + P )$v = $f $v $Frad $q
P $f
$q $Frad
$v T
-
r
$v T
v#r = v
1
r2d
dr(r2v) = 0.
r2v (v)
M
4r2(v) = M.
$f
fr = GM/r2
vdv
dr+
1
dP
dr+
GM
r2= 0.
P = K,
K
-
= 5/3
dP
dr=
dP
d
d
dr= c2
d
dr,
cs
1
2
(
1 c2
v2
)
d
dr(v2) = GM
r2
[
1 2c2r
GM
]
.
[
1 2c2s rGM
]
c2s c2s (r )
ddr(v2)
r
v2 < c2
v2 > c2.
-
rs = GM/2c2s (rs)
v2 = c2s
ddr(v2) = 0
rs
v2(r)
v2(r ) = c2s (rs) v2 r
v2 < c2s r > rs v2 > c2s r < rs
v2(rs) = c2s (rs) v
2 r v2 > c2s r > rs v
2 < c2s r < rs
v2 < c2s rddr(v2) = 0 r = rs
v2 > c2s rddr(v2) = 0 r = rs
ddr(v2) = v2 = c2s (rs) r > rs
-
ddr(v2) = v2 = c2s (rs) r < rs
rs
r
r
r
v2
v > 0 v < 0
-
M
v2
2+
c2s 1
GM
r= .
c2s (r )/( 1)cs(r ) cs(rs)
c (r ) = c ()(
2
5 3
)1
2
M = 4r2(v) = 4r2(r )c (r )
c2s 1
(rs) = (r )[
cs(rs)
cs()
]2/(1)
.
M = G2M2(r )c2(r )
[
2
5 3
](53)/2(1)
.
-
= 1
1
[
253
](53)/2(1)
= 5/3 e3/2 = 1
p
rc
-
ds2 =
(
1 2Mr
)
dt2 (
1 2Mr
)1
dr2 r2(
d2 + sen2d2)
.
r, , M
ds
J; = 0,
T ; = 0,
T = (+ p) uu pg ,
p = p()
J = u
-
u
ur2 = C1
(
P +
)2(
1 2mr
+ u2)
= C2,
= +
d
du
u
[
2V 2 mr(
1 2mr+ u2
)
]
+dr
r
[
V 2 u2
1 2mr+ u2
]
= 0,
V 2 =dln(P + )
dln 1.
r u
u2 = M/2r
-
V 2 = u2/(1 3u2).
V 2 u2 > 1/3
r < 6M
uT; = u
, + (+ p)u; = 0.
ux2 exp
[
d
+ p()
]
= A,
u < 0
x = r/M
(+ p)
(
1 2x+ u2
)1/2
x2u = C1,
r = 2M
-
C1
(+ p)
(
1 2x+ u2
)1/2
exp
[
d
+ p()
]
= C2,
C2 = C1/A = + p()u = u(2M)
= (2M)
A
4
+ p( )
+ p()= A
2
16u2(2M)= exp
[
2
d
+ p()
]
.
+ p( )
+ p()
[
1 + 3c2( )]1/2
= exp
[
d
+ p()
]
.
r u
M = 4r2T r0
M = 4AM2 [ + p()] .
-
M
+p() < 0
-
3
-
10
-
M
ds2 = edt2 edr2 r2(d2 + sin2 d2),
r, , t
r
m(r)
r
m(r) = M
= = ln(1 2M/r)
-
p = p
T = (+ p)uu pg ,
g u = dx/ds
uu = 1
M = 4 lmr2M
r2T r0 ,
p
u = 0
(p+ )(
e + eu2)1/2
ur2e1
2(+3) = C1,
e
d
+p e1
2(+)ur2 = C2,
C1 C2
(p+ )e
d
p+(
1 + eu2)1/2
e/2 = + p.
+ p r
-
M = 4( + p)C2,
r 2M
+ = 0
C2
C2
[
(e + eu2)1eu u
]
du+[
1
2(e + eu2)1(e + ( )u2e)+
2+
3
2+
2
r (1 + )
(
2+
2+
2
r
)]
dr = 0,
1
2 (rc)(1 )
2
rc= 0,
-
u2c =
1 .
< 0
> 0
(r) =2m(r)
r [r 2m(r)] .
rc
m(rc)
rc=
2
1 + 3.
C2
M = (1 + )[
ec(1 +
1 )] 1
2
(
1
)1
2
m2(rc)
(
1 + 3
)2
e1
2c .
M m2(rc)
M2 (Mgc + M)2 Mgc
Mgc M
-
r0rt
cgcRgc
M 3000MRgc
DM 4,0 1021kg m3DE 7,7 1027kg m3
10 K
-
p = /3
r0 = 0,35 pc cgc = 1,8
M = 3000M
r 0 M/r r/r0 10
-
1
m(r)/r r r0
rc uc M
M2
= 7, 0425 1031 3
=
= 5 105,
crit
= 1,878 1029h3,
h = 0,75
H0 = 7,5 107 1 1
M = 1,7 1029 M yr1
M
M(r)/r 0 r 0
-
m(r
)/r
0
1e-09
2e-09
3e-09
4e-09
5e-09
6e-09
7e-09
8e-09
9e-09
1e-08
0
1e-09
2e-09
3e-09
4e-09
5e-09
6e-09
7e-09
8e-09
9e-09
1e-08
r /r0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
m(r)/r
2/(1 + 3)
700 1
-
p = 1
% 1,5109
% 5 1010
m(rc) M + Mgc
3109
-
rc
> t = 1,5 109
= DMc2 DM
rc 3 1010 rcr r
-
M(v) v
M0
M(v) = M0c3s
(v2 + c2s )3/2
,
c2s = c2
0
M(v) M0
v = 0, 100, 200
M
t 10Gyr % 109 Mm(rc) rc r0
M Mt ! 104 M
-
r/r 0
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1000
1e10 1e09 1e08 1e07
Solucin interna
Solucin externa
Tasa d
e a
cre
ci
n (
Msol/y
r)
1e12
1e10
1e08
1e06
0,0001
0,01
1
100
1e10 1e09 1e08
v = 0
v = 100 km/s
v = 200 km/s
v = 500 km/s
-
v
! 109
109
< 1/3
= 1
-
< 0
rc < 2M
M = 16(1 + )M2.
M < 1
-
DEc2
M = 9,5 1034 M yr1(1 + )(
M
M
)2
.
102 104 M
M = 6,9 0,9 M
M = 0,3 0,2 M
R = 3 R
-
U = 105 16, V = 98 16,W = 21 10 1
vBH 140km/s
10
-
Macre
tada
1e06
0,0001
0,01
1
100
1e12 1e10 1e08 1e06
velocidad nula
v = 145 km/s
Facto
r de c
orr
ecci
n
1e08
1e06
0,0001
0,01
1
1e12 1e10 1e08 1e06
-
4
103132 erg s1
-
1 arcsec
2 104 M
-
=
1014 1011 yr1
104 103
1
r2d
dr(r2u) = ,
-
r u
udu
dr= kBT
d
dr GM(r)
r2 u,
G kB
M(r)
r MBH
q =
q/ q = ur2
dq
dr= r2,
du
dr=
u
u2 c2s
(
2c2sr
GM(r)r2
(u2 + c2s )r
2
q
)
,
cs = kBT1
q =
r
0
r2dr + q0 =M(r)
4+ q0,
q0
-
= rr10 = u1 s = cs
1 = q(0r30)
1
() = M(r)(40r
30)
1BH = MBH(40r
30)
1() = () +
BH r0 0
2 = 4G0r20/9
= () + 0,
d
d=
2 2s
(
22s
dd
(2s + 2)
9()
2
)
.
-
st u = 0
(st) = 0,
st
st
st
s
f () = 22s
(
1
1
d
d
)
9()2
= 0.
-
0.1 1 10 100
r(r0)
-20
-10
0
10
20f s
T = 9976 KT = 12559 KT = 15811 K
T = 9976, 12559 15811 KM
f ()
M
T = 9976, 12559 15811 K
fs() = 0
du/dr = 0
st
st
T =3,99, 4,09 4,19
-
st
st
cGC
r0 r0 0
M(r)
M(r)
cs/ BH
-
r0 0 cGCkm s1 pc M pc
3
105105
103104
M/M L/L
5000 15000 K
102 104M
st
(st)
cs/ BH
M M = (st)0r30
cs/
rst r0cs/ 1
-
cs/ ! 1
rst % r0
cs/ < 1
rst r0
cs/
BH
-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
cs
2/!
2
0.1
1
10
100
r st
(r 0
)
M 15Liller 1 " CenM 28
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
cs
2 / !
2
0.1
1
10
100
"#(r
st)
M 15Liller 1$ CenM 28
BH
-
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
BH
1
10
100
r st(r
0)
M 15Liller 1" CenM 28
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1
!BH
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
!"
(r s
t)
M 15Liller 1# CenM 28
c2s/2
1 3
-
100 1000 10000
MBH
1
10
100
1000
10000r s
t/r a
cc
M 15
Liller 1
! CenM 28
M
MM
racc = GMBH/c2s
M
rst/racc MBH
M M2BH
-
= 1011 yr1
M r0 0
MGC
M
MBH = 1000M
T = 5000, 10000, 12600 K
T = 5000K
MBH = 1000, 4000, 10000M
T cs/
-
M 0r30
M
rst MGC
MGC
M
MGC
0r30
-
10000
!(m/s)
1e-08
1e-07
1e-06
1e-05
Acc
reti
on r
ate
(MS
un y
r-1)
NG
C 6
388
M 1
5M 2
8
" C
en
Lil
ler
1
T = 5000 KT = 10000 KT = 12600 K
10000
! (m/s)
1e-08
1e-07
1e-06
1e-05
Acc
reti
on
rat
e (M
Sun y
r-1
)
NG
C 6
388
M 1
5"
Cen
Lil
ler
1
M 2
8
M = 1000 MSun
M = 4000 M Sun
M = 10000 MSun
M M MM
-
0 5e+05 1e+06 1.5e+06
MGC
(MSun
)
1e-08
1e-07
1e-06
1e-05
Acc
reti
on r
ate
(MS
unyr-
1)
NG
C 6
38
8
M 1
5
Lil
ler
1
M 2
8
T = 5000 KT = 10000T = 12300 K
! C
en
0 5e+05 1e+06 1.5e+06
MGC
(MSun
)
1e-08
1e-07
1e-06
1e-05
Acc
reti
on r
ate
(MS
un y
r-1)
NG
C 6
38
8
M 1
5
Lil
ler
1
M 2
8
M = 1000 MSun
M = 4000 MSun
M = 10000 MSun
! C
en
M MM
MGC
-
MGC
398 M 1000 M
3981 M
M
9976 K
rest
-
0.01 1 100
r (r0)
0.0001
0.01
1
100
10000
!
M = 0M = 398 M
Sol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
0 50 100
r (r0)
-5
0
u (!)
M = 0M = 398 M
Sol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
rest
-
rest
fs() = 0
-
rest
rt
Pt = (rt)c2s .
rest
R z
n (R, z) =
[
2,5 + 1,5 exp
( |z|70 pc
)]
(
2
1 + RR0
)
104m3,
R0 = 8 kpc
n
-
T = 100 K
P = nkT,
k
rest
rest
-
Pext
rest
rest Pt
Pmarea rest
Pt
rest M
T = 9976K
rest
-
1 10 100
rest
(r0)
1e-17
1e-16
1e-15
1e-14
1e-13
1e-12
Pm
are
a(P
a)
T = 5000 KT = 9976 KT = 15811 KP
ext
1 10 100
rest
(r0)
1e-17
1e-16
1e-15
1e-14
Pm
are
a(P
a)
M = 398 MSol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
Pext
M
M M M
-
u
T =
10000 K
MEdd = LEdd/c2 c
LEdd = 1,26 1038(MBH/M) erg s1
MBH = 4G2M2BHac
3s a
a = 0,2 cm3
-
0.01 1 100
r (r0)
0.0001
0.01
1
100
10000
1e+06
!
M = 398 MSol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
r (r0)
-0.5
0
0.5
u (
cs2
)
M = 398 MSol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
rest
-
a
1014 1011 yr1
M2BH
M
-
100 10000
Mbh
(MSun
)
1e-12
1e-08
0.0001
Acc
reti
on
rat
e (M
Sun y
r-1)
M 15Liller 1! CenM 28Eddington limit
Bondi-Hoyle
-
0.01 1 100
r(r0)
1e-10
1e-09
1e-08
1e-07
1e-06
1e-05
Tas
a de
acre
cion (
MS
ol y
r-1)
M = 398 MSol
M = 1000 MSol
M = 3981 MSol
M = 1011 yr1 M
M
= 1011 yr1
-
LX
= LX/Mc2
= 0,1 = 1011 yr1
1037 1041 erg s110321041 erg s1
103840 erg s1
LX, NGC6388 = 2,7 1033 erg s1LX, NGC6388 = 8,31032 erg s1
-
T MBH
M
T = 9976 K
= 1011yr1
LX, NGC6388
1011 1014 yr1LX % 10
31erg s1
= M/MEdd,
M < 0,1MEdd
= 0,1 = 0,001
-
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
rest
(r0)
1e+32
1e+34
1e+36
1e+38
1e+40
1e+42
LX
(erg
s-1
)
M = 100 MSol
M = 10000 MSol
= 0,001 = 0,1M M
= 1 1011yr1
-
udu
dr= dP
dr d
dt u,
d
dr=
d
dr
(
P
)
+P
d
dr,
c2s P = cp/cv cp
cv
-
u
(
1 +c2su2
)
du
dr= 1
(
dc2sdr
+c2sq
dq
dr 2c
2s
r
)
ddr
r2u
q.
h =u2
2+
1P
+ =
u2
2+
c2s 1 + ,
1
r2d
dr(qh) = (+ ),
h = +
q
r
r
r2dr.
rest q = 0
r > rst c2s
c2s
du
dr=
1
u(
1 c2su2
)
[
( 1) ddr
(h ) + 2c2s
r d
dr
r2u2
q
(
c2su2
+
)]
.
-
= () + 0,
d
d=
1
(
1 2s2
)
[
( 1) ddr
(had ad) + 22s
d
ad
d d/d
(
2s2
+
)]
.
ad = /2
had = h/2
T = 4000 K
R = 70 R M = 0,8 M ve 35km s1
=k T
m+ 0,5v2,
kb mH
-
Tef
=kbTefmH
.
15km s1Tef [10
4 105]K
Tef
q
d(qh)
dr= q
dh
dr= 0.
h = ht ht
(r) Mcum +MBH
-
= 0
c2s = dP/d T
100 KT 0
T
-
0 2 4 6 8 10
r(r0)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
f s
T = 100000 KT = 50811 K T = 10000 K T = 2000 K T = 1000 K
fs() 1 1032103 1104 5104 1105 K
M
1 103 2 103 1 1045 104 1 105 K M
fs = 0
r < rest
T % 2103 K
intson
-
rest
T ! 30000K
fs() = 0 < tidal
fs() = 0
h
0
fs() = dad
d+
(hadtidal ad)
,
c2s =
(hadt ad)/2 dad/dr =ad/r
hadt
= 0.
ht = 0 u
d/d = 0 > marea u = 0
-
5
-
m
-
m0
AV = V V0.
EBV = (B V ) (B V )0.
A = m
EBV = (B B0) (V V0) = AB AV .
A
R
R = A/E(B V ).
E(B V )
R
-
R
RV
RV 3,1
RV
RV
d
-
d
I Id
d
+ d ddl
I
Idds
dIds
= I + .
= 0
I,0
I(s) = I,0 exp
(
s
0
ds
)
,
s
T
-
= ne,
e n = polvo/mpolvo
103 gasgas
a q
e = qa2.
I = I,0 expe
s0
n(s)ds .
I m
m = 2,5 log I+cte
1 m
-
mm0 = X X0 = 2,5 log(
IX0 exp s0
X(s)(r)ds
IX0
)
= 2,5 log(expX s
0
(r)ds)
= 2,5 log(expe,X s
0
n(r)ds)
m0
A
A = 1,08e
s
0
n(r)ds.
AV
AAV
=e,
e,V.
EV = 1,08e,
s
0
n(s)ds 1,08e,V s
0
n(s)ds
= 1,08
s
0
n(s)ds(e, e,V )
= 1,08
s
0
n(s)ds e,V (e,
e,V 1)
= 1,08
s
0
n(s)ds e,V (AAV
1).
-
A/AV RV
|A/AV | = a(x) + b(x)/RV ,
x = 1 m1
a(x) b(x)
A/AV
E(B V )
0,1 r04 r0 4 r0
rp 1m mp 1014g q = 0,1
s
-
sen
p
p
Rt
z
T = 5000, 9976
12559 K
MBH = 0, 398, 1000 3981 M
E(BV )E(BV )T = 5000 K
T ! 10000K
Rt z
-
E(B V )5000 K
M = 398 1000 M
-
MBH = 1000 MMBH = 3981 M
-
E(B V )9976 K
M = 398 1000 3981 M
T = 5000 K
-
MBH = 1000 MMBH = 3981 M
-
102
MBH
103
-
max{E(B V })1,32 1061,13 1075,52 1051,38 107
E(B V )
1000 M
T = 9976 K NGC 6681
100 M
MBH !600 M
-
E(B V )12556 K
M = 398 1000 3981 M
T = 5000 K
-
MBH = 1000 MMBH = 3981 M
-
1017kg m3
p+ e n+ .
c = 3,2 1014kg m3
R 106 cm
-
> 1011 kg m3
P 1015s1P/P 107 yr
-
http : //www.naic.edu/pfreire/GCpsr.html
-
P < 0
r % 3 r0
P
Pint
al al
Pint
as
aG
-
rc RTa
al
ac
(P /P ) =a
c+
a
c+
a
c+ (P /P ) ,
P a
a
c=
2D
c,
D c
-
a
1(R, z) =G M1
{R2+[a1+(z2+b21)1/2]2}1/2
,
2(R, z) =G M2
{R2+[a2+(z2+b22)1/2]2}1/2
,
3(r) = G Mcrc[
12ln(
1 + r2
r2c
)
+ rrcarctan
(
rrc
)]
,
R r
as aG
(P /P )obs
(P /P ) al ac
-
(P /P ) = P/(2 ).
(P /P )
a(r)
al
al = a = ar ( (RT/r)),
RT
al(r)
M = 1000M
RT
r z
z
(P /P )int
(P /P ) = (P /P ) ac
(P /P ) = (P /P ) ac
,
-
0 20 40 60 80 100
r (r0)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
|an
orm
al |(!
2/r
0)
Rt = 0.94 r0
Rt = 0.27 r0
M
(P /P ) < (P /P ) < (P /P )
(P /P )
-
P /P int (s1)1,4 10181,43 10181,66 10181,47 10181,33 10181,41 10181,29 1018
P /P int
-
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Pulsar #
-6e-17
-4e-17
-2e-17
0
2e-17
4e-17
6e-17
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximo
47 Tuc
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Pulsar #
-6e-17
-4e-17
-2e-17
0
2e-17
4e-17
6e-17
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximo
47 Tuc
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pulsar #
-5e-17
0
5e-17
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximo
NGC 6440
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pulsar #
-5e-17
0
5e-17
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoNGC 6440
-1 0 1 2 3 4
Pulsar #
-1e-16
-5e-17
0
5e-17
1e-16
1.5e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoNGC 6441
-1 0 1 2 3 4
Pulsar #
-5e-17
0
5e-17
1e-16
1.5e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoNGC 6441
(P /P )int
P /P
-
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pulsar #
-2e-16
-1e-16
0
1e-16
2e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoM 62
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pulsar #
-3e-16
-2e-16
-1e-16
0
1e-16
2e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoM 62
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pulsar #
-3e-16
-2e-16
-1e-16
0
1e-16
2e-16
3e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoM 15
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Pulsar #
-5e-16
-4e-16
-3e-16
-2e-16
-1e-16
0
1e-16
2e-16
3e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximo
M 15
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Pulsar #
-1e-16
0
1e-16
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoNGC 6752
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Pulsar #
-2e-15
-1e-15
0
1e-15
2e-15
Vari
acio
n i
ntr
inse
ca (
s-1)
MinimoMaximoNGC 6752
(P /P )int
P /P(P /P )int < 0
-
DM
z
(r)
z
DMcum
DM
DM = DMcum +
z
z
ne(r(z))dz.
DMcum (P /P )int
2 =
NP
1
(DM DM)2DM2
,
(P /P )int
-
P DMobs
DM
2
RT
z
z
-
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Rt (arcmin)
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Rt (arcmin)
220
221
222
223
224
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
100 M
Rt z
-
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Rt (arcmin)
24.32
24.34
24.36
24.38
24.4
24.42
24.44
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
100 1000 M
MBH % 100 M
M 6000 M
3981 6309
10000 M
[1014 8 1012]yr1
1000 M
-
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Rt (arcmin)
113
113.5
114
114.5
115
115.5
116D
M (
pc
cm-3
)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
2511 M
Rt z
-
0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
Rt (arcmin)
67.1
67.15
67.2
67.25
67.3
67.35
67.4
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
Rt (arcmin)
67.1
67.15
67.2
67.25
67.3
67.35
67.4
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
Rt (arcmin)
67.1
67.15
67.2
67.25
67.3
67.35
67.4
DM
(pc
cm-3
)
T = 6294 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
3981 M6309 M 10000 M
M ! 6000 M
-
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Rt (arcmin)
33.24
33.26
33.28
33.3
33.32
33.34
33.36
DM
(p
c cm
-3)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Rt (arcmin)
33.2
33.25
33.3
33.35
DM
(p
c cm
-3)
T = 5000 K T = 9976 K T = 12559 K
100 M1000 M
MBH % 100 M
-
6
-
% 109
-
rest % r0
-
E(BV )
- PortadaResumenAbstractndice generalndice de figurasAgradecimientos1. Introduccin2. Consideraciones generales3. Acrecin global de materia no barinica4. Acrecin global de materia barinica5. Efectos del IMBH sobre el medio intracmulo...6. ConclusionesBibliografa