Análisis Granulometrico Clasificacion y Mezcla
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Ingeniería Civil
Transcript of Análisis Granulometrico Clasificacion y Mezcla
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Diapositiva 1
HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO, Ing. MSc
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Diapositiva 2
Graduacin y tamao de las partculas
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Diapositiva 3
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Diapositiva 4
SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA HABITUAL NORTEAMERICANO
63 mm 2 in
50 mm 2 in
37.5 mm 1 in
25.0 mm 1 in
19.0 mm in
12.5 mm in
9.5 mm 3/8 in
SISTEMA METRICO SISTEMA HABITUAL
NORTEAMERICANO
4.75 mm N 4
2.36 mm N 8
1.18 mm N 16
0.60 mm N 30
0.30 mm N 50
0.15 mm N 100
0.075mm N 200
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Diapositiva 5
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Diapositiva 6
Por su tamao, los agregados se
clasifican en agregados finos (arena) y
agregados gruesos (grava), y ambos
son fundamentales cuando se utilizan
en las diferentes obras civiles.
Las arenas, ya sean naturales o manufacturadas, son partculas
que van desde 5 mm. hasta 60 m. Las gravas, son partculas
mayores a 5 mm. hasta 125 mm.
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Diapositiva 7
- AGREGADO -Clasificacion general
Agregado fino:
arena
Agregado grueso:
grava
La division:
4.75 milimetros
malla No. 4
El minimo:
0.075 milimetros
malla No. 200
El maximo:
de , 1 , 3, 4
6 pulgadas
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Diapositiva 8
Los agregados gruesos o gravas, son materiales
extrados de rocas de cantera, triturados o
procesados, piedra bola o canto rodado, cuyas
partculas comprenden tamaos desde unos 5
milmetros hasta 6 pulgadas para los fragmentos
ms grandes; aunque no existe una unicidad de
criterios para este lmite.
Por sus propiedades, es necesario que las gravas
provengan de materiales duraderos, resistentes y
slidos mecnicamente, sin contaminantes o
partculas dainas que afecten el fraguado del
concreto.
Por su tamao, las gravas pueden ser desde muy pequeas (de 3/6 a 3/8
de pulgada) hasta gravas extra grandes (de 3 a 6 pulgadas).
Grava
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Diapositiva 9
Estos ridos son partculas granulares de material ptreo de tamao variable. Este
material se origina por fragmentacin de las distintas rocas de la corteza terrestre,
ya sea en forma natural o artificial. En este ltimo caso actan los procesos de
triturado utilizados en las respectivas plantas de ridos. El material que es
procesado, corresponde principalmente a minerales de caliza, granito, dolomita,
basalto, arenisca, cuarzo y cuarcita.
Pueden ser producidas por el hombre, en
cuyo caso suelen denominarse piedra
partida o chancada, y naturales. En este
caso adems suele suceder que el
desgaste natural producido por el
movimiento en los lechos de ros haya
generado formas redondeadas y se
denominan canto rodado. Existen tambin
casos de gravas naturales que no son
cantos rodados.
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Diapositiva 10
Arena
Los agregados finos o arenas consisten en arena natural extrada de los
ros, lagos, depsitos volcnicos o arenas artificiales, esto es, que han sido
triturados.
Estos agregados abarcan normalmente partculas entre 4.75 y 0.075
mm.
Se le llama as a la masa desagregada e incoherente de
materias minerales en estado granular fino, que consta
normalmente de cuarzo (slice) con una pequea
proporcin de mica, feldespato, magnetita y otros
minerales resistentes. Es el producto de la desintegracin
qumica y mecnica de la rocas bajo meteorizacin y
abrasin. Cuando las partculas acaban de formarse
suelen ser angulosas y puntiagudas, hacindose ms
pequeas y redondeadas por la friccin provocada por el
viento y el agua.
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Diapositiva 11
El componente ms comn de la arena,
en tierra continental y en las costas no
tropicales, es el slice, generalmente en
forma de cuarzo. Sin embargo, la
composicin vara de acuerdo a los
recursos y condiciones locales de la roca.
Gran parte de la fina arena hallada en los
arrecifes de coral. En algunos lugares
hay arena que contiene hierro, feldespato
o, incluso, yeso.
Segn el tipo de roca de la que procede,
la arena puede variar mucho en
apariencia. Por ejemplo, la arena
volcnica es de color negro mientras que
la arena de las playas con arrecifes de
coral suele ser blanca.
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Diapositiva 12
Cu = Coeficiente de uniformidad ( adimensional)Cc = Coeficiente de curvatura ( adimensional)
D60 = Abertura ( en mm) correspondiente al 60% de porcentaje pasaD30 = Abertura ( en mm) correspondiente al 30% de porcentaje pasaD10 = Abertura ( en mm) correspondiente al 10% de porcentaje pasa
Los valores D60, D30, D10, se leen en la grfica si los valores no son conocidos en los clculos de granulometra
D60Cu =
D10 D60Cc =
D10 *
(D30)2
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Diapositiva 13
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
0,00,11,010,0100,0
DIAMETRO DE PARTICULAS mm
% P
AS
AD60
D30
D10
5.0 0.5 0.12
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Diapositiva 14
A mayor diferencia entre los tamaos de laspartculas de un suelo, mayor ser elcoeficiente de uniformidad.
Agregados con partculas de tamao uniforme,Cu se acerca a 1.
El coeficiente de curvatura. Indica la forma dela curva, si la curva tiene una pendiente mas omenos uniforme, este valor estar comprendidoentre 1 y 3.
Valores fuera de ese rango indica que la curvapresenta concavidad y por lo tanto, existeausencia de tamaos o estn en bajaproporcin.
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
0,00,11,010,0100,0
DIAMETRO DE PARTICULAS mm
% P
AS
A
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Diapositiva 15
1. SUELO GRUESO O SUELO FINO
Suelo grueso si Ret. tamiz 200 > 50%, en caso contrario Suelo Fino
2. GRAVA (G) O ARENA (S)
Grava si Ret. Tamiz N4 >50% de la fraccin gruesa, en caso contrario arena
3. BIEN O MAL GRADADAS
Grava bien gradada (GW)
% pasa tamiz N 200 < 5%
Cu > 4 Y Cc entre 1 3
Grava mal gradada (GP)
Arena bien gradada (SW)
% pasa tamiz N 200 < 5%
Cu > 6 Y Cc entre 1 3
Arena mal gradada (SP)
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Diapositiva 16
Cuando el % pasa tamiz N 200 esta, entre el 5% y el12%, el material puede ser: GW-GC, GW-GM, GP-GC,GP-GM ; SW-SC, SW-SM, SP-SC, SP-SM.
Donde: C Arcillosa, M Limosa
Para identificar el material que pasa el tamiz N 200, sedeben realizar los limites de Atterberg
Cuando el porcentaje pasa tamiz N 200, es mayor de12% y menor de 50%, el material se clasifica como: GC,GM, SC, SM.
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Diapositiva 17
Cu =
Cc =?
Clasificacin?
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Diapositiva 18
1 13/8#4
#8
#30
# 50
# 100
# 200
Pasa#200
1009383715543372518134
TAMICES % PASA
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Diapositiva 19
1. Clasifique el agregado de acuerdo al SUCS
2. Tamaos mximo y nominal? Mdulo de Finura:
3. Si mediante una zaranda de se eliminan los materiales
gruesos, cual ser la nueva gradacin del material resultante ?
4. Si eliminamos todo el pasa #4 cul ser la nueva gradacin del
retenido?
Si en la cantera se tienen 1000 ton de agregado seco y se decide
eliminar del pasa #4 100 ton. Cual ser la nueva gradacin del
material?
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Diapositiva 20
Razones Para mezclar
Obtener la Graduacin deseada
El material disponible en un solo banco no es suficiente
Economa al mezclar agregados naturales y procesados
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Diapositiva 21
Agr. #2Agr. #1
Mezcla Espec.
Material
%
Pasa
%
Pasa
% Usado
U.S. Sieve%
Dosif.
%
Dosif.
No. 4
No. 8
No. 16
No. 30
No. 50
No. 100
No. 200
3/8
90
30
7
3
1
0
0
100
100
100
88
47
32
24
10
100
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Diapositiva 22
Agr. #2Agr. #1
Mezcla Espec.
Material
%
Pasa
%
Pasa
% Usado
U.S. Sieve%
Dosif
%
Dosif.
No. 4
No. 8
No. 16
No. 30
No. 50
No. 100
No. 200
3/8
45
15
3.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
100
100
100
88
47
32
24
10
100
50 %50 %
Primer ensaye
(Prueba & error)
90
30
7
3
1
0
0
50
90 * 0.5 = 45
30 * 0.5 = 15
7 * 0.5 = 3.5
3 * 0.5 = 1.5
1 * 0.5 = 0.5
0 * 0.5 = 50
0 * 0.5 = 0
100 * 0.5 = 50
80 - 100
65 - 100
40 - 80
20 - 65
7 - 40
3 - 20
2 - 10
100
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Diapositiva 23
Agr. #2Agr. #1
Mezcla Espec.
Material
%
Pasa
%
Pasa
% Usado
U.S. Sieve%
Dosif.
%
Dosif.
No. 4
No. 8
No. 16
No. 30
No. 50
No. 100
No. 200
3/8
80 - 100
65 - 100
40 - 80
20 - 65
7 - 40
3 - 20
2 - 10
100
45
15
3.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
100
50
50
44
23.5
16
12
5
50
50 %50 %
90
30
7
3
1
0
0
50
95
65
47.5
25
16.5
12
5
100
100
100
88
47
32
24
10
100
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Diapositiva 24
Agr. #2Agr. #1
Mezcla Espec.
Material
%
Pasa
%
Pasa
% Usado
U.S. Sieve%
Dosif
%
Dosif.
No. 4
No. 8
No. 16
No. 30
No. 50
No. 100
No. 200
3/8
80 - 100
65 - 100
40 - 80
20 - 65
7 - 40
3 - 20
2 - 10
100
45
15
3.5
1.5
0.5
0
0
100
50
50
44
23.5
16
12
5
50
50 %50 %
90
30
7
3
1
0
0
50
95
65
47.5
25
16.5
12
5
100
100
100
88
47
32
24
10
100Tratemos de
caer en la
parte media
de la
especificacin
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Diapositiva 25
Agr. #2Agr. #1
Mezcla Espec.
Material
%
Pasa
%
Pasa
% Usado
U.S. Sieve%
Dosif.
%
Dosif.
No. 4
No. 8
No. 16
No. 30
No. 50
No. 100
No. 200
3/8
80 - 100
65 - 100
40 - 80
20 - 65
7 - 40
3 - 20
2 - 10
100
27
9
2.1
0.9
0.3
0
0
100
70
70
61.6
32.9
22.4
16.8
7
70
70 %30 %
90
30
7
3
1
0
0
30
97
79
63.7
33.8
22.7
16.8
7
100
100
100
88
47
32
24
10
100
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Diapositiva 26
MALLA 1 3/8 N4 N8 N40 N100 N200
ESPECIFICACION 100 60-90 50-80 30-60 20-45 10-27 5-18 3-15
MAT. FINO 100 98 95 94 93 71 19 11
MAT. GRUESO 100 55 45 30 15 5 3 2
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Diapositiva 27
%MATERIAL FINO
%MATERIAL GRUESO
MATERIAL
FINO
% PASA
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MATERIAL
GRUESO
% PASA
30% DE MATERIAL
FINO
70% DE MATERIAL
GRUESO
1
3/8
N4
N8
N40
N100N200
MEZCLA DE AGREGADOS
METODO GRAFICO
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