Branded Content… Y todo comienza con una buena historia

7/23/2019 Branded Content Y todo comienza con una buena historia

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Lrmhndn Bkhtdht S tknk bkfcdhzm bkh uhm ludhm jcstkrcmRcevcm Wmroms Hck

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Lrmhndn Bkhtdht((( S tknk bkfcdhzm bkh uhm ludhm jcstk&rcm pkr Rcevcm Wmroms Hck sd dhbudhtrm lmik uhm Ecbdhbcm BrdmtcvdBkffkhs Mtrclubch&HkBkfdrbcme&BkfpmrtcrCoume 2(0 Thpkrtdn


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ECBDHBCM B\DM^CWD BKFFKHR

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2(2(>( Chtdrmbbch pmscvm *7#

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=( BMP^TEK CPrdsdhtmbch y dstrubturm fdtknkeocbm

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=(2(Pemhtdmfcdhtk nde Prkledfm

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Dstmfks mtrmvdsmhnk pkr uhm drm nd bmflcks( Rkfks pmrtbcpds nd uh rkfpcfcdhtknrstcbk dh de ndsmrrkeek nd hudvms rdembckhds bkfuhcbmtcvms dh de dhtkrhk bkfdrbcme ypulecbctmrck dh nkhnd m trmvs nde fmradtcho


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bkfpmrtcr hudstrms kpchckhds y pmrm jmbdrhks m uh iucbck klidtcvk sklrd bumequcdr bksmlmstm bkh chgkrfmrhks bkh uhks bumhtks becbs(

Pkr tme rmzh% rdsuetm tknk uh rdtk ekormr bkhdbtmr bkh eks bkhsufcnkrds dh em drm ncoc&tme( Dstmfks chscstcdhnk bkfuhcbmrhks bkh deeks nd uhm fmhdrm dquvkbm% eds sdoucfkseemfmhnk pkr hfdrks y hk pkr su hkflrd% eds eemfmfks gmhs y hk mfcoks% pdrk sklrdtknk chtdhtmfks vdhndreds hudstrks prknubtks y sdrvcbcks nd uhm fmhdrm ndsbmrmnm% schjmldr chtdhtmnk prcfdrk brdmr uhm rdembch sustdhtmnm dh vhbueks gudrtds y rklustks(

Dhtkhbds% bfk bmflcmr dstm pdrspdbtcvm;% bfk jmbdr pmrm hk fkrcr mjkomnks dhuh fmr nd bkhtdhcnks coumeds% mgchds% nd gkrfmtks dsttcbks y bumnrcbuemnks% nd rdnds sk&bcmeds qud hk brdmh bkfuhcnmnds schk fceds nd fd oustm qud skpkrtmh uh chgkrfd;%bfk mbdrbmrhks m eks bkhsufcnkrds m trmvs nd rdembckhds qud odhdrdh dhomodfdht;

Puds lcdh% de lrmhndn bkhtdhtds uh fdnck pkr de bume% m trmvs nd cndms pktdhtds% sdpudnd odhdrmr dhomodfdhtm emrok pemzk bkh eks bkhsufcnkrds m trmvs nd dxpdrcdhbcmsnd fmrbm


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=(>(Klidtcvks

=(>(=( Klidtcvk odhdrme& Mhmeczmr% m trmvs uh dstunck dxpekrmtkrck y tdrcbk&prbtcbk% ncgdrdhtds bmsks

nd pulecbcnmn y fmradtcho ncoctme% qud lmsmh su dstrmtdocm dh em cfpedfdhtm&bch nd mbbckhds nd lrmhndn bkhtdhtk bkhtdhcnk nd fmrbm% bkfk fdnck pmrmbkhdbtmr em fmrbm bkh sus bkhsufcnkrds1 pmrm ndfkstrmr su dgcbmbcm y dgdbtc&vcnmn dh de fuhnk nde fmradtcho (


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=(4(Jcptdscs

Dh em skbcdnmn chtdrbkhdbtmnm% eks prkbdsks nd bkfuhcbmbch jmh bmflcmnk( Rd jm pm&

smnk nd uhm bkfuhcbmbch uhcncrdbbckhme dh nkhnd eks dfcskrds *ems fmrbms# dhvcmlmhsus fdhsmids m uhks rdbdptkrds pmscvks *bkhsufcnkrds# qucdhds% nmnm em hmturmedzm nd eksfdncks% hk tdhmh fs rdfdnck qud mlskrldr bume dspkhims eks bkhtdhcnks nd fmrbm prk&nubcnks pmrm prkfkbckhmr eks prknubtks(

Rch dflmrok% bkh de mrrclk nd em skbcdnmn nd em chgkrfmbch% dstd prkbdsk uhcncrdbbck&hme sd jm vcstk qudlrmhtmnk hktmledfdhtd nmhnk pmsk m uhm drm dh nkhnd em smturmbchfdnctcbm ds de pmh hudstrk nd bmnm nm( Ekormr sdr dsbubjmnks dh uhm skbcdnmn fuetcbk&hdbtmnm y dh nkhnd de tcdfpk ds krk1 ds tknk uh rdtk pmrm pulecbcstms y odrdhtds nd fmr&adtcho nd ems bkfpmms(

Hk klstmhtd% pdsd m em smturmbch nd bkhtdhcnks% jmy uh hudvk gdhfdhk buyms mbbck&hds dsth ekormhnk sdnubcr m eks bkhsufcnkrds nd uhm fmhdrm hcbm y imfs mhtds vcstmdh de fdnck ncoctme( Rd trmtm puds ndeLrmhndn BkhtdhtkMnvdrtmchfdht% buym hmturmedzmgedxcled scdhtm ems lmsds nd uh prkbdsk nd prknubbch d chtdecodhbcm bkedbtcvm qud pudndsdr nd ormhnscfm utcecnmn pmrm mhuhbcmhtds(

Dstd trmlmik sd pemhtdm lmik em jcptdscs qud% rdspkhncdhnk m ems hdbdscnmnds mbtumedsnd chtdrmbbch


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=(7(Fdtknkekom

Bmld mbemrmr qud muhqud uh bkhtdhcnk pulecbctmrck nd dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk pudnd sdr brdmnkpmrm sdr mlkrnmnk ndsnd ncgdrdhtds pemtmgkrfms fdnctcbms tmeds bkfk tdedvcsch% fscbm%fdncks cfprdsks% dhtrd ktrks1 dh dstd trmlmik sd mhmeczmr y jmlemr hcbmfdhtd nd mqud&eems dstrmtdocms qud tcdhdh bkfk did prchbcpme y sdbuhnmrck chbeuscvd&% Chtdrhdt(

De klidtcvk nde trmlmik ds rdmeczmr uhm fcrmnm dxpekrmtkrcm y fdrmfdhtd ndsbrcptcvm mems dstrmtdocms qud jmh utceczmnk de fmradtcho nd bkhtdhcnks pmrm sustdhtmr em rdembch bkhsus usumrcks(

Em chvdstcombch sd rdmeczmr m trmvs nd uhm fdtknkekom bumectmtcvm nd tcpk ndsbrcptcvmd chnubtcvm% qud lusbmr mhmeczmr y ndsbrclcr ems mbbckhds nd lrmhndn bkhtdhtfs dxctksms

nd eks etcfks nks mks hcbmfdhtd m trmvs nde fdnck ncoctme( Mbbckhds qud sd jmh sdedb&bckhmnk bkfk dxctksms pkr eks rdsuetmnks qud jmh kltdhcnkpdr sd% y pkr bkhvdrtcrsd dh depmrmncofm nd ems ludhms prbtcbms brdmtcvms qud jmh dfpdzmnk m brdmr bmfchks pmrmedeksy dgdbtcvks dh de ym smturmnk fdrbmnk pulecbctmrck(

Nmnk qud de klidtk nd dstunck sd dhbudhtrm dh em rdn% de mhecscs sd nmr dh eks fdnckskhechd dh qud tcdhd euomr em rdembch d chtdrmbbch dhtrd eks mbtkrds( Em klsdrvmbch bcdh&tgcbm sdr de ftknk prchbcpme nd em chvdstcombch y tdhnr euomr dh bmfpmms y bmsks ndlrmhndn bkhtdhtk bkhtdhcnk nd fmrbm qud utcecbdh de bmhme khechd hcbmfdhtd% nd fknkqud sdm pkscled em rdbkedbbch nd nmtks ndrcvmnks nd eks bmsks pmrm su pkstdrckr mhecscs(

Pkr deek% pmrm bmnm bmsk nd dstunck jmlr uhks dids sklrd eks qud ocrmr em chnmombch9pemhtdmfcdhtk nd em rdembch bkfuhcbmbch dhtrd fmrbm y bkhsufcnkr1 chtdrmbtcvcnmn dh&trd dstks mbtkrds1 y fmhdik nd em chgkrfmbch(

Ek qud sd lusbm bkh em chvdstcombch ds dstmledbdr rdembckhds dhtrd eks ncgdrdhtds bmsksdstuncmnks sklrd lrmhndn bkhtdht% pmrm ms me gchme bkhbdrtmr uhm ndgchcbch% uhm dstrubturmy uhms bmrmbtdrstcbms prkpcms me klidtk nd dstunck% qud pdrfctm tmhtk m mhuhbcmhtds y+kmodhbcms% dfpdzmr m dstmledbdr dstrmtdocms y mbbckhds nd dstd tcpk y qud mndfs myund msdhtmr ems lmsds pmrm prxcfms chvdstcombckhds sklrd de tdfm(

Nd coume fmhdrm% dstm chvdstcombch tdhnr uh sustdhtk tdrcbk m trmvs nd ncgdrdhtdsgudtds lcleckorgcbms y mutkrds qud jmh dfpdzmnk m dstuncmr dstm hudvm vm nd rdembchbkfuhcbmbckhme(

Bkfk fdtknkekom guhnmfdhtme pmrm dstm chvdstcombch sd jm tkfmnk de dstunck ndbmsks% tdhcdhnk bkfk rdgdrdhtd prchbcpme de mhecscs nd mpecbmlcecnmn nd dstm fdtknkekomnd chvdstcombch rdmeczmnk pkr Pcdnmn Fmrthdz Bmrmzk dh su pulecbmbch De ftknk nddstunck nd bmsk9 Dstrmtdocm fdtknkeocbm nd em chvdstcombch bcdhtgcbm( Dh dstd% em mutkrmpemhtdm qud uh dstunck nd bmsk bkhtdfpkrhdk pudnd bkhbdlcrsd bkfk9 uhm dstrmtdocmnd chvdstcombch ncrcocnm m bkfprdhndr ems nchfcbms prdsdhtds dh bkhtdxtks schouemrds%


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em bume pknrm trmtmrsd nde dstunck nd uh hcbk bmsk k nd vmrcks bmsks% bkflchmhnk ncs&tchtks ftknks pmrm em rdbkocnm nd dvcndhbcm bumectmtcvm y+k bumhtctmtcvm bkh de gch ndndsbrclcr% vdrcgcbmr k odhdrmr tdkrm(2

Mndfs mordom% qud bkhscndrm de ftknk nd dstunck nd bmsks mprkpcmnk pmrm tdfmsqud sd bkhscndrmh prbtcbmfdhtd hudvks% puds dh su kpchch% em chvdstcombch dfprcbmtcdhd eks scoucdhtds rmsoks ncstchtcvks9

Dxmfchm k chnmom sklrd uh gdhfdhk bkhtdfpkrhdk dh su dhtkrhk rdme( Ems grkhtdrms dhtrd de gdhfdhk y su bkhtdxtk hk skh bemrmfdhtd dvcndhtds( Rd utceczmh fetcpeds gudhtds nd nmtks( Pudnd dstuncmrsd tmhtk uh bmsk hcbk bkfk fetcpeds bmsks(

Mndfs% dstm chvdstcombch tmflch sd lmsmr dh em prdfcsm sustdhtmnm pkr eks mutkrds

Oemsdr ' Rtrmuss% qucdhds mgcrfmh qud ems tdkrms qud prdtdhndh kltdhdr uh bcdrtk ormnknd mpecbmlcecnmn odhdrme pudndh dstmr lmsmnms dh uh hfdrk ecfctmnk nd bmsks% ym quduh skek bmsk pudnd chncbmr uhm bmtdokrm k prkpcdnmn bkhbdptume y uhks bumhtks bmsksfs pudndh bkhgcrfmr dstm chncbmbch(>

Nd coume fmhdrm% \kldrt A( Sch% dhChvdstcombch sklrd dstuncks nd bmsks% mgcrfm qud dhde bmsk nd ems chvdstcombckhds qud lusbmh odhdrmeczmr m pmrtcr nd uh dstunck nd bmsks kodhdrmeczmbch mhmetcbm% utceczmh uh bmsk hcbk k fetcped pmrm ceustrmr% rdprdsdhtmr k od&hdrmeczmr m uhm tdkrm( Puds% ms chbeusk% eks rdsuetmnks nde dstunck nd uh bmsk sd pudndhodhdrmeczmr m ktrks qud rdprdsdhtdh bkhncbckhds tdrcbms scfcemrds(

Ms% tdhcdhnk dh budhtm ek mhtdrckr% de ndsmrrkeek nd dstd trmlmik nd gch nd fmstdr sdeedvmr m bmlk m trmvs nd 2 dtmpms guhnmfdhtmeds(

=( Guhnmfdhtmbch tdrcbm9 dh dstm prcfdrm pmrtd% sd chtdhtmr dxpecbmr skfdrmfdhtdde bmflck qud jm tdhcnk em pulecbcnmn% pdrk sklrdtknk de bkhsufcnkr dh dstm hudvmdrm nd fmradtcho


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(? \MFKR% Fmrchm y RDEWM% Nmvcn(Em bkfuhcbmbch Ldekw tjd Echd( DH9 GD\HMHNDY OFDY%Ikrod Nmvcn(Mprkxcfmbch m em dstrubturm nd em Pulecbcnmn( Rdvceem( Bkfuhcbmbch skbcme Dncbckhds yPulecbmbckhds( Pos


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Rd rkfpd de dsqudfm nd dstfuek fdnck rdspudstm% y sd brdm uh hudvk pmrmncofmnd bkfuhcbmbch dh nkhnd eks bkhsufcnkrds jmlemh bkh eks bkhsufcnkrds dhtrd s% y emsfmrbms pmuemtchmfdhtd bkfcdhzmh m dhtmlemr bkhvdrsmbckhds bkh sus bkhsufcnkrds( Pkr

dsk sd jmbd dstrcbtmfdhtd hdbdsmrck mprkvdbjmr dstm kpkrtuhcnmn y dstd bmflck pmrm tkfmrfdncnms9 jmy qud mbdrbmrsd ncrdbtmfdhtd me bkhsufcnkr% bkhkbdr sus hdbdscnmnds% smldrqu qucdrdh y qu lusbmh(

Ms% de fdrbmnk sd rkfpd mlruptmfdhtd y pmsmfks nd uhm drm nd em pulecbcnmn nd fm&sms m em pulecbcnmn dspdbgcbm nd hcbjks% dh nkhnd ems pdrskhms smtcsgmbdh sus prkpcms hd&bdscnmnds fuy dspdbgcbms nd bkfuhcbmbch( Rch nunm de fdrbmnk fmscvk mokhczm( Emormh mtkfczmbch nd eks fdncks ed cfpcnd me dxpdrtk dh fmradtcho eedomr m uh pkrbdhtmidscohcgcbmtcvk nd em pklembch bkh uhm hcbm bkfuhcbmbch:(

Em ndsmpmrcbch nde fdrbmnk nd fmsms y em trmhsgkrfmbch dh uhks sdofdhtks bmnm

vdz fs hufdrksks% y nd fdhkr tmfmk% cfpecbm uh rdmiustd sustmhbcme y uh rdvuescvkpmrm ems dfprdsms( Jmbd gmetm uh bkhkbcfcdhtk fubjk fmykr qud de trmncbckhme% mndfsnd rdqudrcr uhm pdrspdbtcvm qud bkhtdfped ndsnd em chtdhsch nd bkfprm jmstm de fkfdhtknd bkhsufk y su smtcsgmbbch% dh rdembch me prkpck fuhnk nd bmnm sdofdhtk *bkfuhcbm&bckhds rdbclcnms% grdbudhbcm y gchmecnmn nd usk% euomr nd bkfprm#3

Pdrk dh euomr nd bmdr dh uh mtmqud nd phcbk% ek fdikr ds sulcrsd me trdh( Jmbcm =333%mhtds nd qud dxcstcdrm Gmbdlkka% ^wcttdr% EchadnCh y ndfs rdnds skbcmeds1 \cba Edvchd%Bjrcstkpjdr Ekbad% Nkb Rdmres y Nmvcn _dchldrodr% ndsmrrkeemnkrds nd mpecbmbckhds ndChtdrhdt% dsbrclcdrkh deFmhcgcdstk Beudtrmch=0 k de Fmhcgcdstk nde trdh nd bemvds( Muhqudjmbcm dsd mk% em pdhdtrmbch nd Chtdrhdt dstmlm ecfctmnm m hcvde fuhncme% dstks vcsckhmrckssdhtmrkh uhm lmsd tdrcbm nd 34 prdfcsms qud jmlemlmh nd eks bmflcks qud Chtdrhdt trmdrmm ems rdembckhds dhtrd eks usumrcks% eks fdncks y ems bkfpmms( Jky% =2 mks ndspus%dstd fmhcgcdstk tcdhd fs vmecndz qud scdfprd pkrqud fubjms nd ems bkhbeusckhds qudsmbmrkh dstks pdrskhmids sd dsth vcdhnk rdgedimnks jky nm dh eks bkfpkrtmfcdhtks ndfceds nd pdrskhms qud sd dhbudhtrmh bkhdbtmnms m trmvs nd Chtdrhdt(

Dstd fmhcgcdstk bkfcdhzm bkh uhm mgcrfmbch lmstmhtd sdvdrm9 Eks fdrbmnks bkhscs&tdh nd sdrds jufmhks hk nd sdbtkrds ndfkorgcbks( Em sdofdhtmbch sd jmbd fubjk fsgchm dh Chtdrhdt( Sm hk lmstm uh prknubtk dsthnmr pmrm smtcsgmbdr ems hdbdscnmnds nd uhfdrbmnk sch bmrm% uhm fmsm mfkrgm nd pdrskhms% sch hkflrds y mpdeecnks cndhtcgcbmnks(

Em tdbhkekom kgrdbd ym pksclcecnmnds bmsc cecfctmnms nd utceczmbch dh de ndsmrrkeek ndefmradtcho% ndsnd em demlkrmbch nde pmqudtd nd vmekr m em bkfuhcbmbch tktmefdhtd mfdncnm nde becdhtd% y pdrfctd em pdrskhmeczmbch nd prknubtks qud bmflcmh de fcsfk bkh&bdptk nde prknubtk(== Eks usumrcks hk qucdrdh sdr uhk fs ndhtrk nde fkhth% hc tdhdr

: Kp( Bct( OKNCH% R( Pmo( 203 Kp( Bct( MED^% I( Po(( >4=0jttp9++www(beudtrmch(bkf== Kp( Bct( MED^% I( Po( >:


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prknubtks qud smedh nd uhm ehdm nd prknubbch dh fmsm( ]ucdrdh tdhdr bksms pdrskhmec&zmnms% m tme puhtk qud uhm pdrskhm pudnd ncsdmr sus prkpcks prknubtks dh em rdn y bkf&prmreks mj fcsfk=% Ems bkfpmmsndldh lmimr nd sus tkrrds nd fmrgce pmrm jmlemr bkh em odhtd% bkh em qud ndsdmrh brdmrrdembckhds=4% Dstd hudvk fdrbmnk hks pmrdbd fubjk fdikr( Nd jdbjk% hksktrks ek dstm&fks brdmhnk=7% Rkfks chfuhds m em pulecbcnmn( Kevnmek Rc qucdrds qud td ncrcimfksem pmemlrm% nchks meok( ]ud sdm meok chtdrdsmhtd pmrm vmrcmr=? y Bumhnk hk dstmfkskbupmnks scdhnk tu ,fdrbmnk klidtcvk,% fubjks nd hksktrks skfks tu odhtd( Prdgdrcfksjmlemr bkh mfcoks khechd qud dstmr vcdhnk de rdeki( Dsk myunmrm m ncguhncr tu hkflrd

fdikr qud tu wdl nde fceeh nd nemrds( Pdrk t ncbds qud jmlemr bkh de fdrbmnk ed bk&rrdspkhnd me ndpmrtmfdhtk nd fmradtcho(1 skh meouhms nd ems prdfcsms bemvd qud cfpkr&tmh dh dstks fkfdhtks dh nkhnd em rdvkeubch fdnctcbm jm bkfdhzmnk y hk jmy fmrbjmmtrs( Ds jkrm nd qud eks pulecbcstms y prkgdsckhmeds nd fmradtcho% bkfuhcbmnkrds y dhodhdrme eks mhuhbcmhtds% bkfcdhbdh m ndspdrtmr nde edtmrok trmncbckhme dh de qud vcvmfkscflucnks dh em vcdim drm nd em chgkrfmbch% mqudeem qud trmtmlm me dspdbtmnkr bkfk uhmdspkhim bmpmz nd mlskrldr tknks eks fdhsmids qud sd ed pmsmlmh pkr de grdhtd(


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Em dvkeubch cfpmrmled nd eks hudvks fdncks nd bkfuhcbmbch y ncstrclubch% mpk&ymnks pkr eks mvmhbds tdbhkeocbks% pdrfctdh muourmr uh guturk fuy prkfdtdnkr me fmr&adtcho ncrdbtk bkfk em bkfuhcbmbch bmpmz nd sdr rdedvmhtd pmrm de becdhtd bkh hkflrd y

mpdeecnks% qud dxcod bmnm vdz fs chgkrfmbch tce y de ndsmrrkeek nd uhm kgdrtm m em fd&ncnm nd sus chtdrdsds y ndsdks(=:

Ds dh dstm drm dh nkhnd deprksufdr=3 dhtrm m em dsbdhm m sdr uh pdrskhmid guhnmfdhtme(Jmlemfks nd mqudeem pdrskhm qud ds me fcsfk tcdfpk prknubtkr y bkhsufcnkr nd em ch&gkrfmbch( Sm hk hks ndimfks pdrsumncr tmh gbcefdhtd pkr ek qud ncbdh eks mhuhbcks ndtdedvcsch% prdhsm y rmnck *y fs tdhcdhnk dh budhtm ems chtdrfchmleds grmhims bkfdrbcmedsqud dh kbmsckhds supdrmh eks 4 fchutks nd spkts pulecbctmrcks#( Dh dstm hudvm drm tknksskfks prknubtkrds nd chgkrfmbch dh pktdhbcm y m em fcsfm vdz rdbdptkrds dh lsqudnmnd bkhtdhcnks chtdrdsmhtds qud hks dhomhbjdh(

Mhtds% lmshnkhks dh de dxtrdfk fs krtknkxk nde pmrmncofm nde bkhnubtcsfk% uhmpdrskhm vdm uh mhuhbck y bkfprmlm de prknubtk( Mjkrm% bkh uh fmr nd chgkrfmbch msek uh becb nd ncstmhbcm% ems pdrskhms pmrm tkfmr uhm ndbcsch nd bkfprm chvdstcomh%bkfpmrmh% prdouhtmh% sd chgkrfmh( Pkr prcfdrm vdz dh em jcstkrcm% skh eks bkhsufcnkrdsqucdhds tcdhdh de pkndr dh sus fmhks% de pkndr nd em dedbbch hk sek nd sus fmrbms yprknubtks% schk mndfs nd em chgkrfmbch qud bkhsufdh(

Mfmzkh(bkf% pkr didfpek% ndld uhm nd sus vdhtmims bkfpdtctcvms prchbcpmeds bkhktrms tcdhnms nd eclrks y nd bkfdrbck dedbtrhcbk dh odhdrme me ormh hfdrk% bmecnmn yutceczmbch dh su wdl nd eks bkfdhtmrcks nd eks becdhtds *# Ds rmzkhmled hk ndtdhdrsd mbkfprklmr de bkhtdhcnk nd hchoh eclrk qud hk tdhom uhm vmekrmbch nd 2%4 dstrdeems sklrdbchbk y bkfprmr% sch nunmr% uhm klrm nd uh tdfm nd chtdrs qud tdhom vmekrmbckhds nd > k4 dstrdeems pkrqud% bumhnk bkfpmrms tu vmekrmbch pdrskhme bkh em nde sctck vds qud vm dhuhm ehdm tktmefdhtd bkchbcndhtd% ndspus nd miustmrek pkr de hcvde y pdrgce nde edbtkr mequd em klrm pudnd dstmr ncrcochnksd(


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dnctkr% uh pdrckncstm% uh fscbk% uh pulecbcstm% uh pketcbk% uh ni% uh ncrdbtkr% uh vdhndnkrdh pktdhbcm(

Bkh dstd tcpk nd bkfuhcbmbch uhcncrdbbckhme% rdsuetm bkfpecbmnk smldr rdmefdhtdbueds skh ems hdbdscnmnds nd eks becdhtds( Eks mhuhbcmhtds y ems modhbcms sd dsgudrzmh pkrdstuncmr m sus usumrcks% rdmeczmh d chvcdrtdh dh ormhnds y bkstksscfms chvdstcombckhds ndfdrbmnks qud eds myundh m ndgchcr eks pdrgceds nd ems pdrskhms qud bkfprmh y usmh susprknubtks1 pmrm ndspus mbdrbmrsd nd uhm fmhdrm mfcomled m dsd fdrbmnk ndecfctmnkbkh uhm dstrmtdocm nd bkfuhcbmbch y nd dstm fmhdrm fktcvmr em bkfprm( Rch dflmrok%ems bksms qud ncbdh eks mhuhbcmhtds skh rdmefdhtd ems qud eks bkhsufcnkrds qucdrdh ds&bubjmr;% y sc mbmsk eks usumrcks hk dsth nd mbudrnk bkh ek qud jmlemh;% y sc qucdrdhjmbdr pmrtd nd em bkhvdrsmbch;

Dstms prdouhtms gudrkh skeubckhmnms pkr de dqucpk nd Fcbrkskgt Ncoctme Mnvdrtcscho

Rkeutckhs% qucdhds jmbcm


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& e9 Hk ek s( Em modhbcm ncik qud dstmlm scdhnk muthtcbmfdhtdormbcksk% muthtcbmfdhtd dhbmhtmnkr( Ncidrkh qud mfmrm bume&qucdr bksm qud jcbcdrm

& Deem *ek chtdrrufpd#9 Pknrms lmimr em vkz;% Hk dstmfks jm&bcdhnk uh bkfdrbcme rmncme-((( Fcrm% sch cfpkrtmr sc drds ormbckskk hk% de msuhtk ds qud yk jd bmflcmnk y tu hk( K sdm% ym hk smecfksm eks fcsfks euomrds y hc scqucdrm fd dsts dsbubjmhnk% k s;

& e9 Bupkhds ek qud qucdrds ds bupkhds% hk ds vdrnmn; Fcrm%pmsm pkr em tcdhnm( ^dhok nks pmemlrms pmrm tc9 Edmetmn% ndsbudh&tks( Dstky dh ek bkrrdbtk% vdrnmn; Dsk drm- Mjkrm% uh mlrmzk

& Deem9 Rc fd bkhkbcdrms% smlrms qud hk fd chtdrdsm dsk& e9 Bkhkbdrtd; Bmrck% bkhkzbk tknk mbdrbm nd tc9 tcdhds nd

mks% tus chtdrdsds dh Chtdrhdt chbeuydh fscbm% pdebuems yndpcembch esdr( cdhds uh chordsk fkndstk pdrk dstmled y td qudnm

meok pmrm omstmr Mbmsk sky de hcbk qud dhtcdhnd de prkledfmmqu;

& Deem *chncohmnm#9 Fd vky nd mqu& e9 Kj vmfks- Hk sdms ms( Fcrm% jmomfks dstkWudevd fm&

mhm td vky m nmr em kpkrtuhcnmn nd omhmr uhms vmbmbckhds m emsLmjmfms( Ds uhm pdqudm kpkrtuhcnmn% pdrk tbhcbmfdhtd scoudscdhnk uhm kpkrtuhcnmn vmfks sdr bkfk dh eks vcdiks tcdf&

pks

Bkfk sd pudnd vdr% mflks pdrskhmids bkfpmrtdh sctumbckhds qud rdgedimh de dstmnkmbtume nd ems rdembckhds dhtrd mhuhbcmhtds y usumrcks% dh nkhnd em bkhbeusch ds qud deprcfdrk% dh uhm pkscbch lmstmhtd sdourm y prdsufcnm brdm dstrmtdocms qud% dh ndgchctcvm%dsth ndtdrckrmhnk de mfkr nd sus bkhsufcnkrds jmbcm sus fmrbms( Buhtms fmrbms dh emvcnm rdme dstmrh pmndbcdhnk nd dstd prkledfm;

Pkr dstm rmzh% rdsuetm skrprdhndhtd qud dh em drm ncoctme% smturmnm bmnm vdz fs pkromnodts tdbhkeocbks qud pdrfctdh m eks usumrcks ncgdrdhtds fmhdrms nd pmrtcbcpmbch qudchbeuydh bjmts% dnctkrds nd vndk% dnctkrds nd fscbm% rdnds skbcmeds% lekos% vndk lekos%dhtrd ktrks1 rdsuetm rdmefdhtd skrprdhndhtd qud ems chtdrmbbckhds bkh ems fmrbms y prknub&tks sd scom rdmeczmhnk m em vcdim usmhzm9 qud sd scomh trmhsfctcdhnk eks fdhsmids m trmvsnd uh skek bmhme% m trmvs nd uhm vm uhcncrdbbckhme y pmscvm1 dh nhnd sd scom trmtmhnk me

bkhsufcnkr bkfk de becba hfdrk 470% em cfprdsch 200(000 k em rdprknubbch2>?2>:2?>:( De bkhsufcnkr nd dstm odhdrmbch B% tcdhd de pkndr dh sus fmhks% tcdhd depkndr nd ndbcncr sc bkhsufd k hk hudstrks bkhtdhcnks% em ndbcsch nd sc becbmr sklrd em Znd bdrrmr nd hudstrk lmhhdr% nd smetmr de prd&rkee nd em fmrbm Z mhtds nd qud bkfcdhbd suvndk dh Sku^uld k bumequcdr pemtmgkrfm nd vndks1 de pkndr nd vktmr% nd bkfpmrtcr ekqud jm vcstk bkh sus bkedoms% de pkndr nd ndbcr fd oustm *k hk fd oustm# y dxprdsmr suvkz mhtd ek qud dst klsdrvmhnk(

Eks bkhsufcnkrds nd jky qucdrdh jmlemr% kpchmr% dxprdsmrsd( ]ucdrdh sdhtcrsd pmrtd nduh prkbdsk brdmnk bkedbtcvmfdhtd( Dh dstm hudvm drm% hk pkndfks bkfuhcbmrhks bkh eks


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usumrcks utceczmhnk eks ftknks trmncbckhmeds nd uhm pulecbcnmn sch chtdrmbtcvcnmn( Jkydh nm% em muncdhbcm ds tmflch brdmnkrm nd bkhtdhcnks% pkr ek qud sd mbml em drm nd embkfuhcbmbch uhcncrdbbckhme( Rd jm chcbcmnk uhm hudvm dtmpm dh em qud de bkhsufcnkr

dsbkod eks fdhsmids qud ed skh rdedvmhtds y eks rdncstrcluyd


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^kffkhks uh fkfdhtk pmrm rdvcsmr de pmhkrmfm ncoctme( Lmhhdrs% sctds% lktkhds%emydrs% vndks prd&rkee bkh bkhtdhcnk hk skecbctmnk% y fubjk% fubjk spmf skh sek uhmpmrtd nde pmhkrmfm nd ek qud pkndfks dhbkhtrmr jky dh nm dh Chtdrhdt( Rc lcdh hk ds

fmykrm y rdoem mlskeutm% tmfpkbk ds fchkrm( Rc lcdh% dstms mbbckhds nd ncspemy bkhvdh&bckhme budhtmh bkh fdbmhcsfks qud lusbmh dvmncr em chtrusch dh eks skpkrtds *lktkhdspmrm scedhbcmr dh eks rcbj fdncm qud chbeuyd vndks% lktkhds pmrm bdrrmr de mhuhbck bumhnkrdmefdhtd hk hks chtdrdsm1 pksclcecnmnds nd dsqucvmr eks mhuhbcks prd&rkee pmrm mbbdndr mebkhtdhcnk skecbctmnk#1 ek qud eks mhuhbcmhtds pmrdbd hk jmldr dhtdhncnk ds de jdbjk ndqud em odhtd vd ek qud qucdrd vdr y lusbm em chgkrfmbch qud hdbdsctm dh de fkfdhtk(

Bumhnk qudrdfks eddr em vdrsch ncoctme nd meoh pdrcncbk k rdvcstm% k scfpedfdhtdqudrdfks hmvdomr pkr em rdn% skfks mtmbmnks pkr ndbdhms nd fdhsmids tctcemhtds y ndstd&eemhtds qud sd pdedmh pcxde m pcxde pkr eemfmr hudstrm mtdhbch( Dh bmsks bkfk dstks%bumhnk uhk tcdhd qud jmbdrsd kr pkr dhbcfm nd uh fmr nd vkbds% orctmr fs metk hk

scdfprd ds de rdbursk fs dgcbmz% tme bkfk ncrm Melm Nkrme dh su eclrk De FmradtchoWcrme(

Em pulecbcnmn nd ncspemy scoud trmlmimhnk lmik de fcsfk gkrfmtk nd em chtdrrupbchqud jm trmlmimnk em pulecbcnmn bkhvdhbckhme y fmscvm skek qud bkh jdrrmfcdhtms fsskgcstcbmnms( Muhqud m ncgdrdhbcm nd eks fdncks nd Mlkvd ^jd Echd% Chtdrhdt pdrfctd sdo&fdhtmr nd fmhdrm fs mbdrtmnm m eks bkhsufcnkrds y hk bmld nunm qud ds uh peus m emjkrm nd pktdhbcmeczmr y kptcfczmr chvdrsckhds dh fdncks( Rch dflmrok% pdsd m sdr uh fd&nck bkh uh pktdhbcme dhkrfd% bkh uhms pksclcecnmnds nd dxpektmbch dxtrmkrnchmrcms% emsdstrmtdocms ncoctmeds sd scoudh pdhsmhnk lmik em fcsfm eocbm( Pkr didfpek% lmik em eocbmnd ems bmfpmms9 fdhsmids y mbbckhds pdhsmnms pkr uh pdrknk nd tcdfpk dh bkhbrdtk%bkh uhm gdbjm nd emhzmfcdhtk y ktrm nd dxpcrmbch( Mbbckhds qud sd dvmpkrmh bkh detcdfpk y qud odhdrmh rdembckhds fkfdhthdms y trmhsmbbckhmeds bkh eks bkhsufcnkrds(

Pdrk mndfs nd eks lmhhdrs% pcdzms bmnm vdz fs klskedtms% jmy uh bmsk dh pmrtcbuemrnd em pulecbcnmn ncoctme qud fd eemfm fubjscfk em mtdhbch9 de gkrfmtk prd&rkee( M pdsmrnd qud Chtdrhdt dh s fcsfk% m ncgdrdhbcm nd em tdedvcsch% hk tcdhd rdstrcbbch meouhm dhbumhtk m tcdfpk y dspmbck sd rdgcdrd y dh nkhnd brdmtcvmfdhtd jmlemhnk sd pknrmh odhd&rmr bkhtdhcnks rdmefdhtd chtdrdsmhtds1 eks skpkrtds kgrdbdh dspmbcks pulecbctmrcks buyksbkhtdhcnks scfpedfdhtd rdpecbmh de fcsfk spkt nd bmfpmm qud pknrmfks vdr sch prk&ledfm dh dsks lekquds dtdrhks nd Wkevdfks dh 7 fchutks(

Hmnm fs chtruscvk qud dhtrmr m Sku^uld pmrm vdr de etcfk vndk nd Fmnkhhm% ^jdAceedrs% Emny Omom &pkhom de hkflrd nd su mrtcstm gmvkrctk mqu&1 de trcedr nd meouhm pd&ebuem nd dstrdhk k eks dhtrdtdhcnks vndks nd omtks tmh skecbctmnks y bkfpmrtcnks dh em rdn*kik% bkhtdhcnk prkpck nd eks usumrcks#1 y qud de spkt nd uhm fmrbm nd sjmfpkk mpmrdzbmsch qud yk ek jmym skecbctmnk y pdkr mh% qud yk hk tdhom em pksclcecnmn nd dsqucvmrek pmrmmbbdndr me bkhtdhcnk qud rdmefdhtd qucdrk vdr1 schk qud pkr klecombch tdhom s k s quddspdrmr m qud pmsdh eks


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Dhtkhbds% Bfk pkndfks kgrdbdr m eks bkhsufcnkrds bkhtdhcnks nd vmekr y bkhtd&hcnk nd chtdrs% dh euomr nd orctmreds hudstrk mhuhbck;

S ds qud mqu bkfdhzmfks m jmlemr nd uhm pmemlrm brubcme pmrm bkhdbtmrhks bkh huds&trks bkhsufcnkrds dh dstm hudvm ncoctme9 dxpdrcdhbcm( S ds qud ems lmsds nd hudstrk hdok&bck dsth bcfdhtmnms sklrd uh tdrrdhk vmstmfdhtd mfpeck% qud nm m nm sd smturm fs yfs% bkh hudvms fmrbms% hudvks lmhhdrs% hudvks bkhtdhcnks( Bfk eedomfks m ncgdrdh&bcmr hudstrm fmrbm sc ems mbbckhds qud jmbdfks hk ncstmh nd ems nd hudstrm bkfpdtdhbcm;Bfk rdmefdhtd bkhdbtmr bkh hudstrk bkhsufcnkr ncstrmnk m trmvs nd mbbckhds ndfmrbm qud fmrqudh em ncgdrdhbcm; Em rdspudstm me pmrdbdr dst dh uhm bkfpedtm dxpdrcdh&bcm nd fmrbm khechd(

De bkhbdptk nd fmradtcho dxpdrcdhbcme ndbemrm qud hudstrms ndbcsckhds nd bkfprm

dsth fktcvmnms pkr em vkeuhtmn nd pmrtcbcpmr dh uhm ndtdrfchmnm dxpdrcdhbcm( Ems fd&ikrds fmrbms skh mqudeems qud bkfuhcbmh nd uh fknk bemrk y bkhvchbdhtd su prkfdsm nduhm dxpdrcdhbcm hcbm


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Dstk puds bkheedvm% sch nunm meouhm% m uhm ncsfchubch dh em chvdrsch nd fdncks yuhm fmykr dgdbtcvcnmn nd bmfpmms nd lrmhncho ncoctme ( Fcdhtrms dh em pulecbcnmn

trmncbckhme de =4$ nd em chvdrsch sd ndstchm m em prknubbch y de :4$ m em ncgusch dhfdncks% dh de mnvdrtmchfdht ds me rdvs


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jmldr dhtdhncnk qud em nchfcbm nde iudok jm bmflcmnk y qud mjkrm ems rdoems ems pkhd debkhsufcnkr% hk de mhuhbcmhtd hc ems bmndhms nd tdedvcsch(

Dstd hudvk bkhsufcnkr hk qucdrd pdhsmr fs dh trfchks nd tdedvcsch% pdebuems% bm&hmeds rocnks y gkrfmtks rdpdtctcvks( Lusbmh bkhtdhcnks nd dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk rdmeczmnks msu fdncnm% lusbmh bkhsufcr bkhtdhcnks qud pudnmh bkfpmrtcr y pkr dhnd% jmlemr% ncsbutcry jmbdrek prkpck( Sm hk skh scfpeds bkhsufcnkrds pdhsmnks bkfk rdbdptkrds nd chgkr&fmbch% qucdrdh sdr y skh pmrtcbcpmhtds( De dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk ym hk sd trmtm nd uhm trmhsfc&sch skfdrm nd bkhtdhcnks1 sd trmtm nd uhm dxpdrcdhbcm(

Dh


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,Pkr tkfmr ems rcdhnms nd eks fdncks oeklmeds%pkr guhnmr y demlkrmr em hudvm ndfkbrmbcm ncoctme%

pkr trmlmimr pkr hmnm y pkr ndrrktmr m eks prkgdsckhm&eds dh su prkpck tdrrdhk% em Pdrskhm nde Mk


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Fcbrkskgt y MKE skh mjkrm ems bkfpmms nd Chtdrhdt fs ormh&nds y dh uh dsgudrzk pkr msdourmrsd nd qud Chtdrhdt Dxpekrdr pdr&fmhdzbm bkfk de prkormfm fs usmnk% Fcbrkskgt y MKE dsth did&

butmhnk uhm prudlm ldtm nd d&fmce(Rc ustdn rdfctd dstd d&fmce m sus mfcoks% Fcbrkskgt pudnd rms&trdmrek y ek jmr *sc ustdn ds usumrck nd Fcbrkskgt _chnkws# dh uh

pdrcknk nd tcdfpk nd uhm sdfmhm(Pkr bmnm pdrskhm m em qud ustdn rdfctm dstd d&fmce Fcbrkskgt ed

pmomr .4(00% pkr bmnm pdrskhm qud rddhvd de fdhsmid qud us&tdn ed dhvc% Fcbrkskgt ed pmomr .2(00 y pkr bmnm tdrbdrm pdr&skhm qud ek rdbclm% m ustdn sd ed pmomr .=(00(

Dh nks sdfmhms% Fcbrkskgt sd pkhnr dh bkhtmbtk bkh ustdnpmrm pdncred su ncrdbbch y dhtkhbds ed dhvcmr uh bjdqud(

Rmeunks( Bjchu- Sk pdhs qud std drm uh dhomk% pdrk nks sd&fmhms ndspus nd rdbclcr dstd d&fmce y rdfctcrek% Fcbrkskgt sd puskdh bkhtmbtk bkhfcok t fd pcnc fc ncrdbbch y dh uhks nms rdbcluh bjdqud pkr TR.%:00(00(

Tstdn hdbdsctm rdspkhndr mhtds nd qud em prudlm ldtm jmym tdr&fchmnk( Rc meoucdh pudnd pdrfctcrsd de euik nd jmbdr dstk Lcee Omtdsds de jkflrd( Pmrm e tknk ds omstks nd fmradtcho(

Pkr gmvkr rdfctm dstk m tmhtms pdrskhms bkfk sdm pkscled( Tstdndst ndstchmnk m kltdhdr TR.=0%000(00 pkr ek fdhks(

]u tcdhdh dh bkfh; Fs mee nd bkfpmrtcr de jdbjk nd sdr Rpmf k Jkmx% dstksfdhsmids tdhmh bkhtdhcnks brdmtcvks d chodhcksks qud ekormrkh eemfmr em mtdhbch ndfceds nd pdrskhms merdndnkr nde fuhnk( Nd dstd tcpk nd fdhsmids dxcstdh bcdhtks% pkr hkndbcr fceds% dh tknks eks cnckfms y dxprdsmh ncgdrdhtds sctumbckhds9 ndsdmhnk 4% ?% 3 mksnd fmem sudrtd pmrm ems pdrskhms qud hk pmsdh em bmndhm me fdhks m =4 nd sus bkhtmbtks%


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Thks bkhtdhcnks lcdh ncrcocnks pknrh jmbdr qud de fuhnk bkfcdhbd m jmlemr nd em fmrbm(Th vcrme pudnd sdr uh vndk% uhm mhcfmbch% uh tdxtk% uhm prdsdhtmbch( Mqu% de skpkrtdtbhcbk dh de qud dst prknubcnk de vcrme hk ds de tdfm rdmefdhtd cfpkrtmhtd( Ek qud s ek

ds% ds em bmpmbcnmn nd pmsmr nd pdrskhm m pdrskhm m uhm vdekbcnmn rpcnm y odhdrmr fubjk%fubjk% fubjk rucnk dhtrd eks usumrcks nd em rdn y dhtrd eks fdncks nd bkfuhcbmbch(

Rdoh uh dstunck pulecbmnk dh em rdvcstm vcrtume dFmradtdr(bkf% de 23$ nd eks dstm&nkuhcndhsds qud suded klsdrvmr vndk m trmvs nd Chtdrhdt prdgcdrd jmbdrek nd mqudeeksvndks qud rdprdsdhtmh bjcstds k scfpedfdhtd skh ncvdrtcnks( ]u fdikr omhbjk pmrmmtrmdr em mtdhbch nd ems pdrskhms qud uhks bkhtdhcnks lcdh pdhsmnks;

S dsk gud prdbcsmfdhtd ek qud supk jmbdr dh eks bkfcdhzks nde fmradtcho vcrme mpec&bmnk m ems fmrbms% Hcad bkh em pcdzm ^kubj kg oken20% uh vndk qud gud bkeomnk dhSku^uld de


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qud ndsnd % em ncvcsch Lrmhnbjmhhde nd Chtdrlrmhn bdedlrm mhumefdhtd eks Lrmhn&bmfdk Mwmrns dh nkhnd sd rdbkhkbdh m ems fdikrds chtdormbckhds nd prknubtk dh emspdebuems fs cfpkrtmhtds nde mk2=(

Rch dflmrok% dh uhm dstrmtdocm nd dstd tcpkde bkhtdhcnk nd fmrbm dst supdnctmnk memroufdhtk nd em jcstkrcm dh em qud sd jmbd de dfpemzmfcdhtk( Pkr tmhtk% em fmrbm mpmrdbddh uh sdouhnk pemhk% nd uhm fmhdrm fs gkrfme d chtmhocled dh uh dspmbck pkbk kpkrtuhkpmrm ndsmrrkeemr uh fdhsmid dxbeuscvk hcbk y qud rdgedid eks vmekrds y ldhdgcbcks prkpcks(

Fs cfpkrtmhtd mh m em rdstrcbbch nd tcdfpk% skh ems ecfctmbckhds prkpcms nd eks fd&ncks nd bkfuhcbmbch munckvcsumeds( ^mhtk de bchd bkfk em tdedvcsch tcdhdh sus prkpcmsedyds y pmutms chhmtms m su hmturmedzm% *grmhims% nurmbch% tmrodt% pcdzms munckvcsumeds# qudecfctmh y ndtdrfchmh mh fs ems mbbckhds brdmtcvms y em pksclcecnmn nd qud ems fmrbmsdhbudhtrdh de dspmbck mndbumnk pmrm bkfuhcbmr sus prknubtks(

Em pulecbcnmn dh su gkrfmtk fs bkhvdhbckhme de spkt& dst prdsckhmnm% msdncmnm%mhmeczmnm bkh eupm y bdhsurmnm pkr chgchcnmn nd bkedbtcvks ndgdhskrds nd ek pketcbm&fdhtd bkrrdbtk qud% nd uh fknk u ktrk% mrrdfdtdh bkhtrm eks mhuhbcks pkr fdhksbmlmrsus chtdrdsds bkfk mroufdhtmh% k pkr trmhsfctcr uhm cfmodh qud deeks iuzomh bkfkkgdhscvm( ^knk ds susbdptcled nd sdr smhbckhmnk(20 mhuhbcmhtds22% nd ncgdrdhtds bmtdokrms nd prknubtk%mprkvdbjmrkh de mfkr pkr em fknm nd em prktmokhcstm pmrm bkemrsd ndhtrk nde mroufdhtknd em pdebuem( Fubjks ncsdmnkrds nd metm bksturm puncdrkh prdsdhtmr sus mrtbueks *zmpm&tks% vdstcnks y mbbdskrcks# nd uhm fmhdrm hmturme% me fcsfk tcdfpk qud ncgdrdhtds fmrbmsnd tdbhkekom% fmquceemid% ncsdk% bkbchm y dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk(

2= Lrmhnbmfdk Mwmrns DH9 jttp9++www(lrmhnbjmhhde(bkf+jkfd+pkst+


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Ktrk didfpek qud sd pudnd ndstmbmr dh trfchks nd prk&nubt pembdfdht ds de nd em bkfpmm ]umadr Kmts% qucdh

jmbcm =3?= gcrf uh bkhtrmtk nd 2 fceekhds nd nemrds pmrmgchmhbcmr em mnmptmbch bchdfmtkorgcbm nde bescbk eclrk nd\kmen Nmje% Bjmrecd y em glrcbm nd bjkbkemtd1 bkh fktcvknde emtdhtd emhzmfcdhtk nd em ehdm nd nuebds _kham(

Rch dflmrok% uhm nd ems fdikrds pudstms dh dsbdhm ndprknubt pembdfdht ds em kburrcnm dh em pdebuem nd =33% dh nkhnd fmrbms bkfk Pdpsc% Pczzm Jut%Huprch% Nkrctks y \ddlka dhtrmh dh de mroufdhtk nd em pd&ebuem nd em fmhdrm fs mhtchmturme d jcstrchcbm pkscled(

Thm pmrkncm pdrgdbtm me usk ndsbmrmnk qud ems fmrbms dstmlmh tdhcdhnk dh prknubtks mu&

nckvcsumeds% rkfpcdhnk dvcndhtdfdhtd de mroufdhtk hmturme nd em jcstkrcm dh qud dstmlmhcflucnms(

2> Pmrm vcsumeczmr de vcndk nd prknubt pembdfdht nd _myhds _krenvcsctmr9jttp9++ykutu(ld+AiL7r&JNNC0


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Mndfs nd ems pdebuems% eks vndks fuscbmeds skh uh dxbdedhtd vdjbuek nd pkscbck&hmfcdhtk nd fmrbms y prknubtks( De dspmbck grdsbk mndfs nd em jcstkrcm rdgedimnm dh devndk fcsfk y pkr supudstk de rdbkhkbcfcdhtk d cfpkrtmhbcm nde mrtcstm% rdsuetmh cnhdks

pmrm qud de dspdbtmnkr sdm cfpmbtmnk bkh uh fdhsmid pulecbctmrck dh de qud hk sd scdhtmbcdh pkr bcdh chvmncnk(

Rklrd dstk% uh bmsk qud vmed em pdhm ndstmbmr ds de nde vndk nd em bmhbch ^dedpjkhdnd em bmhtmhtd dstmnkuhcndhsd Emny Omom% qucdh dh su jcstkrcm nd fs nd 3 fchutks% hksdxpkhd bkhtdhcnk bkfdrbcme nd fmrbms bkfk Wcroch Fklced% _khndr Lrdmn% Fcrmbed_jcp% PedhtyKgGcsj(bkf y Pkemrkcn% dhtrd ktrms1 nd uhm fmhdrm hmturme y sutce% dh nkhndeks prknubtks skh bmpmbds nd chtdormrsd pdrgdbtmfdhtd dh em jcstkrcm(24

Em ktrm gkrfm nd em bume de fmradtcho jm jdbjk usk ds nd eks pmtrkbchcks( Ormhndsfmrbms dh de fuhnk dhtdrk chvcdrtdh fceekhds nd nemrds pmrm qud su fmrbm sdm pmrtd ndeks fdikrds dspdbtbueks9 bkhbcdrtks% dspdbtbueks ndpkrtcvks% pdebuems(

Rch dflmrok% Fmrtch Echnstrkf27% mutkr nde eclrk Luykekoy9 tjd trutj mhn ecds mlkutwd luy% m trmvs nd uh dstunck nd fmradtcho hdurkeocbk oeklme% bkhbeuy dh uhk nd susvndklekos2? qud em pulecbcnmn pkr dfpemzmfcdhtk *k prknubt pembdfdht# y eks pmtrkbc&hcks drmh uhm bkfpedtm prncnm nd nchdrk( Rdoh uh dstunck rdmeczmnk% de mutkr msdourmqud m pdsmr nd qud Bkbm Bkem chvcrtc uhm ormh bmhtcnmn nd nchdrk dh de pmtrkbchck nd eksIudoks Kefpcbks nd Ldcicho% em pdrbdpbch nde 70$ nd eks bjchks qud pmrtcbcpmrkh dh deskhndk% drm qud de pmtrkbchmnkr kgcbcme hk drm Bkbm Bkem schk Pdpsc(

Dhtrd ems pkscleds bmusms nd ek mhtdrckr% Echnstrkf% dh eks dstuncks qud jm rdmeczmnk yqud sd dxpecbmh dh su eclrk% mgcrfm qud ems pdrskhms dsth bkhncbckhmnms m lkrrmr nd emfdhtd m ems fmrbms qud ems chvmndh% pkr ek bume% eks dsgudrzks nd em fmrbm pkr sklrdsmecrdh uh pmtrkbchck k dfpemzmfcdhtk nd prknubtk qudnmh bkfpedtmfdhtd grustrmnms( Bkfk

24 jttp9++mnmod(bkf+mrtcbed+spdbcme&rdpkrt&tjd&lkka&kg&tdhs&


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sd jm ncbjk% de usumrck hk ds lklk y bumhnk pdrbcld qud ndtrs nd eks fdhsmids jmy meokqud hk ek bkhvdhbd% puds scfpedfdhtd mbtcvmr su pmrdn bkhtrm&em&pulecbcnmn(

Ems skeubckhds( Lmstmhtd scfpeds( Eks ekoks hk omhmh em bkhbcdhbcm nde usumrck% schkpkr de bkhtrmrck odhdrmh y mufdhtmh em skspdbjm nde bkhsufcnkr( Pmrm bkhtrmrrdstmr dstk%mbkhsdim fs lcdh pkhdr m ems fmrbms dh uh bkhtdxtk rdedvmhtd qud myund m eks bkhsufc&nkrds m oumrnmrems dh de bdrdlrk pkr uh pdrknk nd tcdfpk fs emrok( ]u fdikr dsbdhm&rck pmrm pkhdr m ems fmrbms m chtdrmbtumr dh uh dsbdhmrck hmturme qud bkhtdhcnks nd dhtrd&tdhcfcdhtk;

Pkr tme rmzh% dh eks etcfks mks% sd jm bkfdhzmnk m odstmr uh gdhfdhk lmstmhtdchtdrdsmhtd qud ekorm mbdrbmrsd me bkhsufcnkr nd uhm fmhdrm hk chtruscvm y ncvdrtcnm(Dstmfks jmlemhnk puds ndeMnvdrtmchfdhtk lrmhndn bkhtdht( Rd trmtm nd em bkhiuhbchnd nks vkbmleks dh choes Mnvdrtcscho ! Dhtdrtmchfdht% buyk klidtcvk prchbcpme ds de nd

dhtrdtdhdr m em muncdhbcm m trmvs nd bkhtdhcnks bkfdrbcmeds hcbks y ncgdrdhtds m trmvsnd uhm pemtmgkrfm chtdrmbtcvm sch bkfpdtdhbcm y dh nkhnd em fmrbm ds prktmokhcstm( Dheuomr nde fdhsmid ncrdbtk y mordscvk nde mhuhbck bkhvdhbckhme% dstms mskbcmbckhds pdrfc&tdh m ems fmrbms chschumrsd ndhtrk nde prkpck bkhtdhcnk nd uh ncmrck% uhm rdvcstm% uh eclrk%uhm wdlsctd% k uh prkormfm nd tdedvcsch bkfk pmrtd nde fcx% ym sdm nd dhtrdtdhcfcdhtkk nd chgkrfmbch% sdoh sdm de bmsk2:(

Pkr su pmrtd% Nmvcn Jkustkh ndgchd de Lrmhndn Bkhtdhtbkfk em chtdormbch nd empulecbcnmn ndhtrk nde bkhtdhcnk nd dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk m trmvs nde bume ems fmrbms dsth ch&fdrsms ndhtrk nd eks mroufdhtks nd uhm pdebuem% uh prkormfm nd tdedvcsch u ktrk fdncknd dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk( Dstk dhvudevd bk&brdmbch y bkemlkrmbch dhtrd em chnustrcm nde dhtrd&tdhcfcdhtk% eks fdncks y ems fmrbms23

Ek chtdrdsmhtd% &y ds em lrdbjm qud sdpmrm me prknubt pembdfdht nde mnvdrtmchfdhtklrmhndn bkhtdht&1 ds de jdbjk nd qud dh dstrmtdocms nde sdouhnk tcpk em fmrbm pudnd brdmruh bmhme nd bkfuhcbmbch hcbk pmrm chtdrmbtumr bkh sus bkhsufcnkrds( Eks < k 4 sdouh&nks nd dxpkscbch nd em fmrbm dh uh bkhtdxtk prddstmledbcnk% dhbudhtrmh dh dstrmtdocmsnd lrmhndn bkhtdht uh rdeki cecfctmnk nd tcdfpk bkh de bume prdsdhtmr y bkfuhcbmr fdh&smids sdofdhtmnks y bkhtrkemnks bmsc ncrdbtmfdhtd ndsnd em bkfpmm pmrm uhms muncdh&bcms lcdh ndgchcnms( Bkfk vdrdfks dh eks didfpeks qud sd mhmeczmrh dh de tdrbdr bmptuek%ems fmrbms dsth dhbkhtrmhnk eks dspmbcks pmrm sklrdsmecr dh uh fuhnk smturmnk nd chgkr&

fmbch% nd uhm fmhdrm mtrmbtcvm% nd bkhtmr m trmvs nd sus jcstkrcms eks vmekrds chtmhocledsnd sus prknbutks% y fs cfpkrtmhtd% uhm fmhdrm pdrfcscvm qud hk crrufpd me usumrck(Dspmbcks prkpcks nd chtdrmbbch dh nkhnd em fmrbm ds prktmokhcstm(

Ktrm nd ems ormhnds ncgdrdhbcms% bkhsdbudhbcm nde rkfpcfcdhtk nde fkndek trmncbckhme%ds de jdbjk nd qud pkr prcfdrm vdz dh em jcstkrcm nd em pulecbcnmn skh eks bkhsufcnkrds yusumrcks qucdhds sd mbdrbmh m eks bkhtdhcnks prkpcks% dh euomr nd qud sdm em fmrbm qucdh

2: jttp9++www(bmfpusrdn(hdt+gkrkuhcvdrsctmrck+pngs+Pkhdhbcms+Iksd[Fmrtchdz(png23 JTNRKH% Nmvcn y JTNRKH% Rcfkh(Lrmhndn dhtdrtmchfdht9 m hdw mnvdrtcscho tdbjhcqud kr prknubt

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m trmvs nde ftknk nd em chtdrrupbch orctd m tknm bkstm pmrm sdr dsbubjmnk pkr su muncdh&bcm( Bemrk dst% pmrm qud dstk subdnm eks bkhtdhcnks tcdhdh qud sdr mtrmbtcvks% pdrk sklrdtknk tceds pmrm de bkhsufcnkr(

Pkr tmhtk% bkfk mgcrfm Brcstchm Fmhzmhk dh su mrtbuekLrmhndn bkhtdht9 bkhtdhcnksqud brdmh fmrbm% De klidtcvk nd ems fmrbms qud mspcrdh m sklrdvcvcr ds jmbdrsd bkh uhdspmbck nde fuhnk rdme% fs mee nde prknubtk k sdrvcbck me qud rdprdsdhtdh1 dh drcocrsddh dxpdrtks dh uh rdm nd chgkrfmbch y bkhkbcfcdhtks qud sdmh rdedvmhtds pmrm de bkh&sufcnkr k becdhtd>0

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Pmrm rdfkhtmrhks m eks krodhds y surocfcdhtk ndelrmhndn bkhtdhtlmstm bkh sctumrhks jmbcm chcbcks ndescoek ZZ% dh nkhnd eks prcfdrks didfpeks nd em gu&sch nde dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk y em pulecbcnmn jmbmh sumpmrcbch dh em skbcdnmn( S ek jmbmh m trmvs nde fd&

nck fs pkndrksk nd em pkbm9 de fdnck cfprdsk(

Ms puds% ndhtrk nd ems prcfdrms pcdzms nd ems qud sd tcdhdh rdocstrk vmed em pdhm nds&tmbmr de rdbdtmrck nd bkbchmIdee&k9 Mfdrcbms fkst gmfkus ndssdrt% prknubcnk y ncstrclucnkndsnd =3=0 pkr em bkfpmm Odhdssd Purd Gkkn Bk(% lmik su fmrbm nd odemtchms Idee&k( Mtrmvs nd dstms pulecbmbckhds% em bkfpmm jmbm uh chtdhtk nd bkfuhcbmrsd bkh sus bkh&

sufcnkrds nd uhm fmhdrm bdrbmhm y fuy htcfm% pkr fdnck nd pemtks nd bkbchm demlkrmnksbkh prknubtks nd em fmrbm(

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Ms puds% bkh em bkfprm nd uhk nd eks prknubtks qud bkstmlmh dh em pkbm =0 bdhtmvks

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dspchmbms dh Dstmnks Thcnks>4% smevmhnk me sdbtkr nduhm fudrtd sdourm dh tcdfpks nd brcscs( Rch dflmrok%trms Pkpdyd sd dhbudhtrm uh fctk qud tknk de fuhnk rd&

pctd% pdrk buyks krodhds hk skh tmh bemrks( Rklrd dstks%fubjks msdourmh qud Pkpdyd gud uhm brdmbch mn jkbskecbctmnm pkr em Bfmrm nd Prknubtkrds nd Dspchmbmspmrm chbdhtcvmr de bkhsufk nd uhm vdrnurm hk fuy mpd&tdbcnm pkr eks hcks% dspdbcmefdhtd( Hk klstmhtd% pmrmdstm chvdstcombch hk sd dhbkhtrmrkh rdgdrdhbcms qudprudldh dstm tdkrm(

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Rch dflmrok% sc pkr de emnk nd ems pulecbmbckhds cfprdsms% ems jcstkrcms qud sd ndsmrrk&eemlmh m trmvs nd tcrms bfcbms y bfcbs dhbkhtrmrkh uh dspmbck pmrm prkfkbckhmr susprknubtks y sdrvcbcks nd uhm fmhdrm ncvdrtcnm% chncrdbtm y nchfcbm1 fdncks bkfk em rm&nck% em tdedvcsch y de bchd hk sdrmh midhks me gdhfdhk(

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Hudvm Skra( Muhqud em sdrcd sd bmhbde jmbcm gchmeds nd 3% ds gbce dhbkhtrmr eksbmptueks m trmvs nd Sku^uld( Bkfk sc gudrm pkbm em dxpdrcdhbcm% jmbcm % em fmrbmsd mskbc bkh em bkfpmm Nmra Jkrsd Bkfcbs pmrm pulecbmr uhm sdrcd nd jcstkrcdtms lm&

smnms dh de pdrskhmid nd Kwdh dh ems pdebuems(

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Rch gcourms nde dhtrdtdhcfcdhtk k nde ndpkrtd% sch prdsupudstk nd fdncks% bkh de BDK ndem bkfpmm bkfk prktmokhcstm y eks dfpedmnks nd em fcsfm bkfk gcourmhtds% rknmnk dhems fcsfms chstmembckhds nd em dfprdsm dh sek uh nm(

S ds qud quch fdikr pmrm jmlemr nd uhm bkfpmm qud sus prkpcks dfpedmnks; ]ufdikrds pkrtmvkbds qud ems fcsfms pdrskhms qud trmlmimh nm m nm;% hk ds mbmsk uh pkbkfs brdled qud hks budhtdh de fdhsmid deeks qud uhm gcourm bkhtrmtmnm qud sd mprdhnd deeclrdtk y ym;

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pkrqud drm ncvdrtcnk% pkrqud drm ncgdrdhtd y fuy brdmtcvk(

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hktkrcdnmn nd fmrbm hktmled% tdhcdhnk dh budhtm qud ds uhm dfprdsm bkh rdbursks ecfctm&nks pmrm pulecbcnmn y ds uhm dfprdsm qud rdbch dst bkfdhzmhnk(

S ds iustk mqu dh nkhnd vmed em pdhm pkhdr sklrd em fdsm uh pdqudk dslkzk sklrd detdfm nde rdtkrhk nd em chvdrsch( Dh ^jd \KC kg Chgeudhbd% Bjrcs Lrkomh mgcrfm qud sclcdh dstd rdtkrhk dh uh prcfdr fkfdhtk hk ds fkhdtmrck m emrok pemzk pudnd sdr dvmeumnky fkhdtczmnk(

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De bkhtdhcnk y em prknubbch cfpdbmled nd eks 2 mhuhbcks qud bkfpkhmh em bmfpmm%*^jd fmh ykur fmh bkuen sfdee ecad42% ]udstckhs yLkmt#% odhdr fubjm dfpmtm dhtrd emmuncdhbcm( Csmcmj Fustmgm% dx dstrdeem nd em HGE% sd pkhd dh de pmpde nde jkflrd qud edsoustm m ems fuidrds% mpecbmhnk eks becbjs rkfhtcbks y ndtmeeds burscs qud pudndh ndrrdtcrjmstm m em fuidr fs mptcbm( Th vndk ormlmnk dh pemhk sdbudhbcm qud fudstrm ems dsbd&hms cnecbms qud dspdrmh ems fuidrds nd uh jkflrd9 uhms vmbmbckhds euiksms dh uh lmrbk%dhtrmnms me dvdhtk gmvkrctk% ncmfmhtds y uh pmsdk pkr em pemym dh uh bmlmeek lemhbk( Thfuhnk dnuebkrmnk qud kltuvk 7 fceekhds nd vcsctms dh su prcfdr nm nd emhzmfcdhtk% fsrdprknubbckhds qud de fcsfk ncsbursk nd pksdsch nd Klmfm(

Muhqud de tmrodt nde ode nd nubjm hk drmh ems fuidrds schk eks jkflrds% em fmrbm eds

jmlemlm ncrdbtmfdhtd m deems( Em rmzh% ems fuidrds skh qucdhds sd dhbmromh nd bkfprmrdstd tcpk nd prknubtks pmrm sus hkvcks k fmrcnks% sdoh uh dstunck rdmeczmnk pkr Prkbtdr' Omfled% dh nkhnd sdmemlm qud de 70$ nd ems fuidrds tkfmlm em ndbcsch nd bkfprm(Pkr tme rmzh% ds nd dspdrmrsd qud eks odeds hk sdmh ek sugcbcdhtdfdhtd fmsbuechks% jm&lemhnk dstrcbtmfdhtd dh trfchks nd grmomhbcm y kekr(

Pdrk fs mee nd ecfctmrsd m bkeomr eks vndks dh de bmhme nd Sku^uld% vndks qudrdbclcdrkh fs nd =>0 fceekhds nd rdprknubbckhds% pkr prcfdrm vdz uhm bmfpmm mprkvd&bj de metk cfpmbtk y de luzz odhdrmnk dh em rdn pmrm bkfuhcbmrsd ncrdbtmfdhtd y pkrhkflrd prkpck bkh sus bkhsufcnkrds( Ek qud punk sdr uhm tpcbm dstrmtdocm nd vndk kh&echd% buyk bkhtdhcnk hk ncgdrm nde fcsfk trmhsfctcnk pkr tdedvcsch% jczk qud em mbbchsd tkrhmrm mh fubjk fs chtdrdsmhtd(

Bfk jmbdr qud uhm dstrmtdocm khechd pudnm sklrdpmsmr eks efctds nd eks pcxdeds yeks lctds nde fuhnk khechd pmrm eedomr m tk&bmr d chvkeubrmr m sus usumrcks dh defuhnk kggechd;

M trmvs nd ^wcttdr y Gmbdlkka% emspdrskhms pknmh jmbdr sus pdtcbckhds yprdouhtms pmrm qud de fcsfk Ken Rpcbd

Ouy% prktmokhcstm nd em bmfpmm% puncdrmrdspkhndreds pdrskhmefdhtd( Endrds ndkpchch y pdrgceds nd ^wcttdr bkh de fmykr

hfdrk nd sdoucnkrds dh dsm pkbm bkfk Ndfc Fkkrd% Msjtkh Autbjdr% Pdrdz Jcetkh%Deedh Ndodhdrds% Meyssm Fcemhk1 iuhtk bkh pdrskhms nde bkfh bkfk ustdn k bkfk yk sduhcdrkh pmrm pmrtcbcpmr nd dstm mbbch qud eds pdrfctm chtdrmbtumr bkh em fmrbm(

De guhnmnkr nd Ncoo% Advch \ksd% dsbrclc dh uhk nd sus tucts9 Mormndbcnk nd qud@suffdrtkfmtk dst bkbchhnkfd fcdhtrms fd dhbudhtrk dhgdrfk1 mprdhncdhnk m msmr

42 Ken Rpcbd9 ^jd fmh ykur fmh bkuen sfdee DH9 jttp9++ykutu(ld+kwOyaWlgoTD


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uh pcfcdhtk dh uhm eemfm mrncdhtd4>1 uh tuct qud hk tcdhd hmnm nd dspdbcme pdrk qud emfmrbm edy dhtrd ehdms y mprkvdbj pmrm odhdrmr mh fs luzz dhtrd sus sdoucnkrds(

Jkem Advch% bfk dsts; Dspdrk qud ym schtchnktd fdikr( Sk pdrskhme&fdhtd imfs jd tdhcnk gcdlrd% pkrqud fc budrpk ds 3:$ fsbuek y eks fsbueksimfs pudndh dhgdrfmrsd( De < $ rdstmhtd nd fc budrpk qud hk ds fsbuek skhfcs krdims( Deems dsth jdbjms nd bmrtemok% pdrk jd chvdstcomnk y hk pmrdbd quduhk pudnm eedomr m tdhdr gcdlrd dh ems krdims% pkr ek qud brdk qud mflks dstmfksnd mbudrnk dh qud ds uhm bksm oekrcksm( Ncbjk ek ncbjk% muhqud yk dstky eedvkem vdhtmim dh de ndpmrtmfdhtk nd gscbm% t pmrdbds tdhdr em vdhtmim dh de bmfpkchtdedbtume pkrqud drds uh odhck nd Chtdrhdt( Pknrms cfmochmrtd qud tu chtdec&odhtd bdrdlrk y fc chtdecodhtd budrpk fusbueksk puncdrmh dstmr dh de fcsfkdqucpk; Hk% hk pudnds y yk tmfpkbk% hmncd pudnd( Pkrqud sc meouhk eedomrm mjmbdrek su bdrdlrk dxpektmrm y dsk hk ds smeunmled( Ormbcms nd hudvk Advch% k

dh tu odhcme edhoumid nd chgkrftcbk9 =00=0==0=0000==0=(

^rms dstm rdspudstm% Advch% skrprdhncnk pkr de fdhsmid nd em fmrbm rdspkhnc dh subudhtm nd twcttdr9

Em mbtrcz Iustchd Lmtdfmh% ed prdouhtmlm me Rpcbd Ouy% Pudnd de jkflrd Ken Rpcbdjmbdr mhuhbcks pmrm tknks eks prknubtks nde fuhnk; M ek qud Csmcmj rdspkhnc9

Chtdrdsmhtd cndm Iustchd% fc hcbm prdkbupmbch ds qud sc jmokmhuhbcks pmrm tknks eks prknubtks nde fuhnk dstk bmusmrm uhm

prkspdrcnmn oeklme% em pmz nde fuhnk y uhm dxpeksch nd em pklem&bch44

K de nd em usumrcm @ahctfdmpkhy% qucdh prdouhtmlm sc drm pkscled qud puncdrm usmr sufdekncksm vkz bkfk de fdhsmid nde luzh nd vkz( Em rdspudstm chodhcksm y ncvdrtcnm9

Jkem bjcbks% em qudrcnm+tmedhtksm+chtdecodhtd+jdrfksm+skgcstc&bmnm bjcbm dh de =47?:30 hk pudnd mtdhndr m su eemfmnk% dst

4> jttp9++twcttdr(bkf+advchrksd+stmtus+=:2:44 jttp9++www(ykutuld(bkf+wmtbj;v6]sN2IE&b[jk


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kbupmnm fcdhtrms fkhtm m uh bmlmeek bkhfcok% dsbubjhnkfd eddrpkdfms rkfhtcbks fcdhtrms yk ed jmok uh lkuqudt nd gekrds ndpmpde nd bmnm pochm qud ed jd ednk% ncsgrutmhnk nd fc ndecbcksk

mrkfm m bjcbk Ken Rpcbd% ncsgrutmhnk nd uhm ndecbcksm emhokstmqud prdpmr sek pmrm deem% pdrk deem td eemfmr tmh prkhtk pudnm(Ormbcms pkr eemfmr(47

Me gchme% dh uhm prknubbch nd 2 nms% nd Iueck =< me => nd


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Ms% vdrsckhds bkh de fcsfk ouch% d chbeusk uhm bmhbch% jmbmh pmrtd nde dsbdhmrckfdnctcbk nd em bmfpmm( Thm dstrmtdocm fs qud dxctksm y qud ndfudstrm qud s ds pksc&led rdmeczmr mbbckhds dgcbmbds% dgdbtcvms y brdmtcvms dh chtdrhdt(

^rms em dxctksm bmfpmm nd ?:?4747


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De vndk dh s rdsuetmsurrdme% pdrk m em vdz nc&vdrtcnk y skrprdhndhtd%

pdrk ek fs cfpkrtmhtdsch nunm meouhm ds qud hkqudnm dh uh fdrk vndkpmrm bkfpmrtcr y vcrmec&zmr( Me gchme nde ncsburskprkpck nd ^drry% efcsfk hks chvctm m usmrsu budrpk bkfk uh chs&trufdhtk pmrm qud jmom&fks bkh e ek qud hksmpdtdzbm( Pkndfks cf&

prkvcsmr y brdmr hudstrksprkpcks tkhks% usmhnk emjdrrmfcdhtm nd ormlm&

bch chtdormnm me rdprknubtkr nd Wcfdk% qud bkh sek ems edtrms nde tdbemnk hks pdrfctdtdhdr bkhtrke nd bmnm uhk nd sus fsbueks( Mndfs% trms tdhdr hudstrm prkpcm vdrsch%pkndfks bkfpmrtcrem m trmvs nd ems ncgdrdhtds rdnds skbcmeds pmrm qud dsbubjdh hudstrmbrdmbch k scfpedfdhtd sd fktcvdh m jmbdr em suym prkpcm( Rcfpedfdhtd hktmled(

Pkr tmhtk% de rdtk pmrm mhuhbcmhtds y modhbcms ds skrprdhndr m eks dspdbtmnkrds bkhdstrmtdocms brdmtcvms grdsbms% nchfcbms d chhkvmnkrms% qud tdhomh dh de bkhtdhcnk de pcemrfs cfpkrtmhtd% pdrk tmflch dh de usk nd hudvks fdncks pmrm mebmhzmr fmykr cfpmbtk(

2(( Ykflcds bmecdhtds nde OdtmgdMjkrm jmledfks nd uh didfpek fs ekbme( Bfk chbdhtcvmr y fktcvmr m eks sdoucnkrds

nd uh dqucpk nd gtlke m qud sd mlkhdh em scoucdhtd tdfpkrmnm nd uhm fmhdrm ncgdrdhtd ybrdmtcvm;

Meok qud fd skrprdhnd nd em chnustrcm nde gtlke dspmkem ds em pmsch qud sd rdspcrmdh tknks emnks( Ndsnd em fmhdrm dh qud sd budhtmh ems hktcbcms% eks mhuhbcks nd tdedvcsch%eks fdncks nd bkfuhcbmbch jmstm ems brhcbms ndpkrtcvms nd eks dhbudhtrks% skh bkfped&

tmfdhtd dfkbckhmhtds% jmbdh qud m em pdrskhm qud hk ed oustm de gtlke sd ed fudvm uhmgclrm nde bkrmzh k de dstfmok( \dmefdhtd de gtlke mqu ds uhm pmsch% sd vcvd y sdscdhtd(

Dhtkhbds% mpdemr m ems dfkbckhds dh uhm pcdzm nd bkfuhcbmbch nd dstd tcpk nd prk&nubtks pmrdbd uh rdtk ncgbce nd mgrkhtmr% tdhcdhnk dh budhtm qud eks beulds ndpkrtcvksfktcvmh m sus sdoucnkrds bkh dfktcvks vndks dh nkhnd vdfks m eks iuomnkrds jmlemhnkfmrmvceems nd sus bkfpmdrks% nd em pdrtdhdhbcm me dqucpk% nd em ormhndzm% ems bkpms% eksludhks tcdfpks y de guturk( Wdfks eks tpcbks vndks dh de bmfpk% bkh rdbudrnks nd ems


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gcourms fs cfpkrtmhtds nd bmnm tdfpkrmnm% eks okeds% eks jchbjms% eks bhtcbks d jcfhks(Pmsch dh dstmnk purk(

Ms bkfk ek mgcrfm Fmttjdw Jdmedy% bkhvdhbdr m em odhtd nd bkfprmr uh prknubtk kuh sdrvcbck dh uh dhtkrhk fuy smturmnk y bkfpdtctcvk ds fuy ncgbce( Em bemvd nde xctkds dfpdzmr m bkfprdhndr de gkrfcnmled y ndsbkhkbcnk nd ems dfkbckhds qud scdfprdtdrfchm chgeuydhnk dh em ndbcsch gchme nde bkfprmnkr(43

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Lmik de bkhbdptk nd Rcdhnk fs% sdrdfks fs ormhnds% brdmrkh uhm pkefcbm dstrm&

tdocm qud nd dhtrmnm tdhm eks chordncdhtds pmrm sdr omhmnkrm9 sdxk% gtlke y jufkr(Ykf&lcds bmecdhtds nde Odtmgd gud em prktmokhcstm dh nkhnd em dstrmtdocm sd ncvcnm dh < gmsds(Dh em prcfdrm% m eks mzuekhds sd eds chvctmlm m nkhmr su dspdrfm lmik em prdfcsm nd qud scdrm uh jchbjm gcde% bkh em dspdrfm ekormrm qud smecdrm ktrk jchbjm coume y ms gudrmh fu&bjks fs eks sdoucnkrds nde beul( Pdrk sc jmstm mqu em cndm drm lmstmhtd mtrdvcnm jmlmqud dspdrmr m eedomr m em gmsd


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Ek vmecksk nd dstd bmsk ds qud de mprdhnczmid qud ndim9 dh chtdrhdt ds pkscled tknk% dspkscled mrrcdsomrsd( Dstd tcpk nd bkhtdhcnks dh bumequcdr ktrk fdnck nd bkfuhcbmbchjmlrm scnk vdtmnm y bdhsurmnm chbeusk mhtds nd smecr me mcrd( Rcfpedfdhtd hk tcdhd bmlcnmdh uhm prkormfmbch rocnm y bumnrcbuemnm( Muhqud% ds vdrnmn qud de vndk gud lekqudmnkdh Sku^uld pkr uh tkhk hk mprkpcmnk pmrm eks usumrcks

Me gchme nd em bmfpmm eks rdsuetmnks mrrkimrkh =:2>4 skecbctunds nd nkhmbch nd ds&pdrfm y >:0 mgcbckhmnks puscdrkh su ormhctk nd mrdhm dh em bmusm y uhm rdpdrbusch dhfdncks cfpkrtmhtd( Pdrk sklrd tknk% ekormrkh supdrmr eks 3000 mlkhmnks pmrm de bmfpknd uh dqucpk pdqudk nd prcfdrm ncvcsch(

2(


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bkh em hmturmedzm nde prk&nubtk qud dstmlmh pulec&bctmhnk9 uh bkrrdbtkr qud

ds bmpmz nd lkrrmr em jcs&tkrcm pmrm bkfdhzmr uhmhudvm( Rcfped(

Dh em mbbch% sd jmbmpmrtbcpd m eks bkhsufc&nkrds ndsnd de prcfdrfkfdhtk nhnkeds emkpkrtuhcnmn nd chtdrmb&

tumr bkh em jcstkrcm( De prcfdr rdtk% ndbcncr ncspmrmr me ksk qud sd jmlm bkemnk ndhtrk ndem tcdhnm nd bmfpmm1 k nmred uhm kpkrtuhcnmn( De ndstchk ek ndbcnmfks hksktrks% nd

mbudrnk m hudstrks chtdrdsds% nd mbudrnk m em dxpdrcdhbcm qud qucscrmfks tdhdr( ^rms dstk%mpmrdbm ek fs ncvdrtcnk nd em mbbch% dh de dspmbck dh lemhbk ndimnk pkr de bkrrdbtkr%pknmfks pkhdr bumhtks vdrlks qucscrmfks pmrm ndsbulrcr uhm hudvm jcstkrcm( Nd dstmfmhdrm% vdrlks bkfk ldsmr% iuomr% eubjmr% eemfmr% bkfdr% bkbchmr% bkfprmr% gufmr% lmcemr%pchtmr dhtrd ktrks% nmlmh vcnm m ems sctumbckhds fs mlsurnms y ncvdrtcnms(

Eks rdsuetmnks nd bmfpmm709

& = fceeh nd rdprknubbckhds dh 27 jkrmsk Fs nd 40 fceekhds nd vcstms dh Sku^uldk Gud bkfpmrtcnm fs nd =(< fceekhds nd vdbds dh Gmbdlkka y odhdr bdrbm

nd


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qu hk mprkvdbjmr dstm sctumbch pmrm brdmr hudstrks bkhtdhcnks; Puds lcdh% ds de buf&pedmks nde ksk y e iuhtk me bmzmnkr ek dsth bdedlrmhnk dh de lksqud bumhnk nd rdpdhtd%uh fdtdkrctk mpmrdbd dh de bcdek prdncbcdhnk qud de gchme nd em gcdstm dst bdrbm( Pdrk ds

iustk mqu bumhnk mpmrdbd hudvmfdhtd de prknubtk% cfpcncdhnk qud eds pmsd meok m eksprktmokhcstms lkrrmhnk de mk dh budstch y nhnkeds em kpkrtuhcnmn m eks usumrcks m ch&tdrmbtumr bkh em jcstkrcm nd em jufmhcnmn(

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Meouhms nd ems pdebuems chbeumh dsbdhms chtdrmbtcvms qud chvctmlmh m eks usumrcks mrdmeczmr mbbckhds dspdbcmeds ndhtrk nd eks vndks% bkfk de nd em bmnm nde furk nd Ldreh%uh fchciudok nd Pmbfmh% y uhm dsbdhm dh uh lksqud fdncdvme(

Eks rdsuetmnks7=9

& 3 fceekhds nd vcsumeczmbckhds dh < sdfmhms(&


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& Bmsc = tuct pkr sdouhnk nurmhtd de prcfdr nm nd emhzmfcdhtk(

2(


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nd tkbmr eks fs nd =000 chstrufdhtks gudrkh ulcbmnks dh uh dspmbck supdrckr m 2 ace&fdtrks dh de ndscdrtk nd Bmecgkrhcm( Ms vdmfks pcmhks% ouctmrrms d chstrufdhtks bmsdrksjdbjks mn jkb pmrm em mbbch7>% sdoh mgcrfmrkh eks chtdormhtds nd em lmhnm m trmvs nd su

pochm wdl(

Hddncho+Odttcho ds em mpudstm nd Bjdvrkedt nd lrmhndn bkhtdht qud me nm nd jkybudhtm bkh


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Ds uhm mbbch pdhsmnm htdormfdhtd ndsnd chtdrhdt bkfk fdnck prchbcpme% rkfpcdhnkem lrdbjm trmncbckhme nd pdhsmfcdhtk brdmtcvk dh nkhnd sd trmlmim prcfdrk dh uhm bmfpmmnd MÊ pmrm eudok mnmptmr m ncoctme( S dstk ds cfpkrtmhtscfk m em jkrm nd pemhdmr uhm

bmfpmm ncoctme( Pkr didfpek% dh de prkbdsk nd prknubbch nd bmfpmms trmncbckhmeds%pdhsmr pmrm tdedvcsch uhm pcdzm nd 2 fchutks sdrm cfpkscled% ndlcnk m su metscfk bkstdnd fdncks( Ek fxcfk qud sd pknrm eedomr m pdhsmr sdrm uhm pdebuem nd = fchutk buyksbkstds nd prknubbch y nd fdncks eedomh m sdr bkhscndrmleds( Rch dflmrok% em modhbcm_cdndh!Adhhdny nd Ekhnrds pdhs dh de sdhtcnk chvdrsk( Muhqud smlm qud su pdebuembkh ems dstrdeems nde lmekfpc fuhncme imfs pknrm pmsmr bkfpedtm m trmvs nd em tdedvc&sch% s qud tdhm lmstmhtd bemrk qud dsk m gchme nd budhtms hk cfpkrtmlm fubjk pudstkqud sc su fdnck prchbcpme drm chtdrhdt tdhm tknk de tcdfpk nde fuhnk pmrm bkhtmr su fdh&smid m uh lmik bkstd *bkfpmrhnkek bkh de bkstd nd prknubbch ! fdncks ! mebmhbd nd uhmbmfpmm dh tdedvcsch#( Em bmfpmm qud gud emhzmnm dh chtdrhdt prcfdrk% tuvk mpkyk dhtdedvcsch bkh uh spkt nd 20 sdouhnks buyk klidtcvk drm chvctmr m eks usumrcks m vcvcr dstm

dxpdrcdhbcm dh em rdn(

Ms puds% dhbkhtrmfks uhm pcdzm munckvcsume nd 2 fchutks qud mndfs rkfpd bkh emslmrrdrms nde vndk dh Skuûld qud bkhkbdfks( M trmvs nd uh bmhme pmtrkbchmnk% Hcadhks cfluyd dh uhm dxpdrcdhbcm qud vm fs mee nd em pmscvcnmn nde dspdbtmnkr k nd uhmjcstkrcm lcdh bkhtmnm puds rkfpd bkh dsd fkfdhtk nd pmscvcnmn me chvctmrhks m dxpekrmrbkhtdhcnk kbuetk dh de vndk% uhm dspdbcd nd Chbdptckh gutlkestcbk qud ndhtrk nd uhmjcstkrcm tcdhd fubjms jcstkrcms% prktmokhcstms y ndsmgks9 fchciudoks *sklrdsmecdhtd de bk&pmtrkbchck nd Hcad bkh Rdom% em Lmrldrm nd Hcad bkh Lmektdeec bkfk prktmokhcstm% de tdstnd Buhtk smlds nd gtlke jdbjk pkr Pdp Oumrnckem% k em sdsch nd didrbcbcks bkh Brcs&tcmhk \khmenk#% dsbdhms dxtdhncnms *sek jmy qud becbmr fkfdhthdmfdhtd dh eks iuom&nkrds prktmokhcstms pmrm tdhdr me mebmhbd su gcbjm tbhcbm% budhtm nd ^wcttdr% nmtks ndchtdrs# d chbeusk uh dsbmpmrmtd dh nkhnd ncrdbtmfdhtd ndsnd Skuûld sd pudnd klsdrvmrem bkedbbch( Ek chtdrdsmhtd mndfs% ds qud em pcdzm dh s sd pknm vcrmeczmr skem1 sch df&lmrok% bmnm fchciudok k bmnm fchcbkhtdhcnk drm muthkfk d chndpdhncdhtd nd em pcdzmkrcochme% ekormhnk ms brdmr uhm fmrmm y rdn nd bkhtdhcnks secnm(

Pkr tmhtk% sd pmsm nd eks 20 sdouhnks nd chtdrmbbch dh em tpcbm dstrmtdocm fmscvm ndbkfuhcbmbch m bmsc


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Mndfs% ds uhm mbbch chtdrmbtcvm qud dhbudhtrm dh eks fdncks bkhvdhbckhmeds uhmecmnk cfpkrtmhtd( Rd brdm uh fcx nd fdncks pdrgdbtk qud bkfpedfdhtm m em mbbch nduhm fmhdrm krohcbm( Dh dstd bmsk% hchoh fdnck bkfpctd bkh ktrk schk qud sd bkfped&

fdhtmh pmrm eedomr m uh klidtcvk bkfh9 qud eks usumrcks pudnmh vcvcr em dxpdrcdhbcm nddhbkhtrmr eks thdeds dsbkhncnks dh de mhuhbck y qud pudnmh bkfpmrtcr fchutks ndbkhvdrsmbch bkh uhm fmrbm nchfcbm y bkh uhm bkfuhcbmbch ncgdrdhbcmnkrm(

Eks rdsuetmnks% fs nd 3 fceekhds nd vcsctms m hcvde fuhncme dh tme sek 2 nms 74% uhmjcstkrcm bkfpedim y pkndrksm me fcsfk tcdfpk qud morupm m eks fdikrds iuomnkrds ndefuhnk dh uh skek vndk% ek bume nd pkr s% myunm m odhdrmr vcrmecnmn y luzz1 y qu ndbcrnd uh mprkvdbjmfcdhtk nd uh fdnck y uh skpkrtd bkh ormh pktdhbcme( Rcfpedfdhtd% sdjmbd hdbdsmrck pdhsmr gudrm nd em bmim bumnrcbuemnm pmrm eedomr m rdmeczmr prkpudstms chhk&vmnkrms y ncgdrdhtds(

2(2(Fmems prbtcbms dh ems bkhvdrsmbckhds


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Bumhnk pdhsmfks dh skbcme fdncm hks eedom chfdncmtmfdhtd m em bmldzm Gmbdlkka%^wcttdr y pemtmgkrfms nd lekoocho( Bkh bmnm hudvm rdn skbcme qud smed% qudrdfks emhzmr&

hks chfdncmtmfdhtd m su bkhqucstm% pkrqud s% pkrqud tknk de fuhnk ek dst jmbcdhnk yhk ndlk ndimr m fc fmrbm gudrm nde dsbdhmrck( Iustk mjkrm dstmfks dh em fknm nd Pchtdrdst%qud muhqud hk dst tmh pklemnm nd usumrcks bkfk Gmbdlkka y ^wcttdr y mh em odhtd hkdhtcdhnd lcdh nd qu vm dstm pemtmgkrfm nd cfodhds% qudrdfks tdhdr hudstrk pdrgce mee%ms hmncd hks vcsctd y dhtdhnmfks em hmturmedzm nde fdnck(

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nmn bumhnk sd dst ediks nd jmbdrek(

Th bemrk didfpek nd uh pkst bkfpedtmfdhtd gudrm nd bkhtdxtk( Rd trmtm nde Gmbdlkka nd em dfprdsmPulecbmr Bkekflcm *Oum tdedghcbm#( Thm pochm qud jmlem m tknk de pms sch sdofdhtmr m su muncdhbcm(S sc yk hk tdhok mbbdsk m dsm oum pkrqud vcvk dh ktrm bcunmn ncgdrdhtd m Lkokt;% y pdkr mh pmrm


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qu kgrdbdrfd bupkhds nd ndsbudhtks nd uh skpkrtd gscbk;% Hk sdrm fdikr mprkvdbjmr de fdnck yemhzmr prkfkbckhds bkh mecmnks qud ldhdgcbcdh m eks usumrcks bkh ndsbudhtks;

Bfk sd dsth bkfuhcbmhnk ems fmrbms bkh sus usumrcks;% bkh qu grdbudhbcm;% mtrmvs nd qu fdncks; Rch chtdhbch meouhm nd prkguhnczmr sklrd dstd tdfm dh dstd trmlmiksdrm sch nunm meouhm de tdfm bdhtrme nd ktrk&1 vmed em pdhm rdvcsmr meouhms nd ems prbtcbmsbkfuhds qud sd pudndh dhbkhtrmr dh ems pochms nd Gmbdlkka nd meouhms bkfpmms% pmrmeudok dhtrmr m mlkrnmr dh prkguhncnmn uh chtdrdsmhtd bmsk rdmeczmnk dh Choemtdrrm pkr demhuhbcmhtd Krmhod% qud m fc fknk nd vdr kgrdbd uhm hudvm pdrspdbtcvm dh em rdmeczmbchnd dstrmtdocms nd bkhtdhcnk dh rdnds skbcmeds(

2(2(=( Bkhtdhcnks nd rdeedhkFubjms nd ems bkfpmms jmlemh pkr jmlemr% pkr jmbdr chtdrmbtumr m eks usumrcks pkr

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Rch dflmrok% buhtks nd dstks bkhtdhcnks skh hmnm fs fdhsmids nd rdeedhks% bkhtd&hcnks chsuesks qud hk tcdhdh qud vdr bkh em gcekskgm% vcsch y klidtcvks nd bkfuhcbmbchnd em fmrbm;% mbmsk chcbcmr uhm bkhvdrsmbch y pkhdr m jmlemr m eks usumrcks sklrd defdikr budhtk nd jmnms nd em jcstkrcm vm m odhdrmr dhomodfdht;

Ds fuy bkfh dhbkhtrmr dh dstd tcpk nd mbbckhds% fceekhds nd bkhvdrsmbckhds qudchcbcmh pdrk hk tdrfchmh( Ds dstmr bmflcmhnk nd tdfm m bmnm fkfdhtk% bkfk sc uhk ds&tuvcdrm bkhvdrsmhnk bkh uh mfcok qud dfpcdzm m jmlemred nd bchd% uhk rdspkhnd% pdrk e

dh euomr nd sdoucr jmlemhnk nd ek ludhm qud gud em etcfm pdebuem nd Lmtfmh rdspkhndbkh sc ed oustmrkh ems bjuedtms qud tkfmrkh mydr m em jkrm nd em bkfcnm d chfdncmtmfdhtdprdouhtm sklrd de tcdfpk dh em bcunmn( Nd dstd fcsfk fknk sd dsth odstckhmhnk emsbkhvdrsmbckhds bkh eks usumrcks% uh smeunk y pmsk em jkim( Hk jmy bkfprkfcsk rdme ndfmhtdhdr bkhvdrsmbckhds qud mndfs% eedvdh m meoh emnk(

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Em cndm ndtrs nd dstd tcpk nd bkhtdhcnks ds odhdrmr Fd oustm y bkfpmrtcr% ek bume%m em jkrm nd prdsdhtmr chgkrfds nd bmfpmm skh nmtks qud pudndh rdsuetmr cfpmbtmhtds(Ikndr% 2000 pdrskhms ed jmh nmnk fd oustm m em gktk nde pdrrk dh pmtchdtm qud bkfpmr&tcfks dstm fmmhm-% qu ludh trmlmik-% pdrk rdmefdhtd m ems pdrskhms ek qud eds dstoustmhnk k ek qud dsth bkfpmrtcdhnk skh bkhtdhcnks bmrdhtds nd dsdhbcm y prkguhncnmn%qud hk bkhstruydh sklrd klidtcvks bemrks nd bkfuhcbmbch nd em fmrbm( Hk sd pcdhsm dheks chtdrdsds y hdbdscnmnds nd eks bkhsufcnkrds(

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Ktrk nd eks drrkrds qud sd bkfdtdh dh skbcme fdncm ds em rdpdtcbch chbdsmhtd nd fdh&smids( Rd scoud fcrmhnk lmik em ptcbm nd em pulecbcnmn trmncbckhme dh nkhnd em rdpdtcbchrdchm pdrk m em vdz bmhsm(

Pkr didfpek% dh de pdrgce nd em bdrvdbdrm =00 Fkhtmnctks dh Bkekflcm em rdpdtcbchmpmrdbd uhm y ktrm vdz% bkh ncgdrdhtd bmrm y ncgdrdhtds edtrms uhcnms% pdrk de fcsfk fdh&smid ndtrs( =00 Fkhtmnctks tcdhd uh dsqudfm nd hdokbck qud chvctm m eks bkhsufcnkrds mncsgrutmr sus prknubtks bkh kgdrtms fuy ndtdrfchmnms pkr nms( Ms% eks fcrbkeds skh eksnms nd Durkfmhm *k pdskfmhm dh Bkekflcm#% dh nkhnd tknks eks prknubtks nd em bmrtmsd pudndh bkfprmr m tmh sek = Durk *k


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Pdrk mndfs% ktrk drrkr dh de qud jm chburrcnk em bkfpmm ds de nd ndsbkhkbdr defdrbmnk nde pms y dhtrmr bkh uhm dstrmtdocm nd bkfuhcbmbch pkscbckhmnm pmrm fdrbmnksfmnurks( Dh Bkekflcm eks fkhtmnctks hk dxcstdh% ds fs% bkfdr meoh pmsmlkbm fcdhtrmssd dst ncsgrutmhnk nd uhm bdrvdzm hk ds usume1 pkr dhnd% jmlemh dh uh edhoumid qud hkbkhkbdfks d chscstdh dh qud ek dhtdhnmfks ms sdm m em gudrzm m trmvs nd em rdpdtcbch(

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