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828

Amjgjkl`z G.j6>, 0.arcu`trlkastra, 8>> cjk`rc`s

oa i` C@^U ag 1 tlpjs olstlgtjs4 0) cjk`rc`s katrjpjilt`g`s cjg ug` astructur` prjouctlv` olvarsl-

elc`o`= 8) `fijkar`cljgas lgoustrl`ias `v`gz`o`s= 3) `fijkar`cljgas lgoustrl`ias cjg ug cjkpjr-

t`klagtj tacgjiflcj kaolj= ?) paqua`s cjk`rc`s lgoustrl`ias y 1) paqua`s cjk`rc`s rur`ias.

@rtlmuiu bjgam b`usg`rmat` h`t pi`z`r`tzag ou harrlmugtz`-prjzasu`m `ztartzamj iurr`ioa-uglt`ta

afjml`rag lgfuru`g, at` k`li` `gltzamj burhlimat` h`t prjpjs`tzag ou at` b`rag f`r`paga`g `urrar`

afltag ou Ausm`i @utjgjkl` Armloafj`g (A@A). I`g bjgag `skj` o` harrlmugtz`-slstakag, `fijka-

r`zljmj amjgjklag at` amlgtz`liatz`rag `rtamj ari`zljag arakumj iltar`tur` agplrlmj urrl`rl am`rpagag

h`t aflta`. Blru mjgtzaptu bjrlag lgfuru`g, miustar `ztarmat` h`t afltamj 80 `olar`zia ar`hlil olr`,

h`lg` `urratlm js`f`l g`fuslag `ztarmat` aflg o`, at` ak`ltz` b`u lz`g ou4 A@Amj 8> asmu`ioa`m

hjst kjt` harazlt`g t`ioam`tzag oltuag tlpjijfl` h`t4 amjlzpag-afltur` olhartslelm`tumj katrjpjil-

asmu`ioa`m= lgoustrl`-`fijkar`zlj `urrar`tu`m= pjrt`ar` tamgjijflmj art`lgamj lgoustrl`-`fijkar`-

zlj`m= lgoustrl`-asmu`ioa txlml m, at` i`go`-asmu`ioa txlml`m.

_ba `rtlcia raeiacts jg tba rlfbt tarrltjrl`i uglt tj `g`iysa lggjv`tljg prjcassas, prjpjslgf ` kuitliavai

`pprj`cb `go t`mlgf ` stap tjw`ros oavaijplgf lt lg tba H`squa Cjugtry. Erjk `g akplrlc`i pjlgt

je vlaw, lt cjgtrlhutas tj tba rai`tlvaiy sc`rca iltar`tura jg tba stuoy je tba lgtarrai`tljgs hatwaag

lggjv`tljg systaks, `ffijkar`tljgs `go agtrapragaursblp. Cjggactao tj tbasa tbraa cjgcapts, 80

lgolc`tjrs b`va haag usao tj c`rry jut ` ciustar `g`iysls ejiijwlgf `g lgltl`i prlgclp`i cjkpjgagts

`g`iysls wltb tba rasuits je ` typjijfy tb`t frjup tba 8> H`squa cjugtlas lgtj 1 oleearagt ci`ssas4 0)

c`plt`i-urh`g zjgas wltb ` olvarsa lgoustry klx= 8) `ov`gcao lgoustrl`i `ffijkar`tljgs= 3) lgoustrl`i

`ffijkar`tljgs wltb `var`fa tacbgjijflc`i parejrk`gca ?) sk`ii lgoustrl`i cjugtlas `go 1) sk`ii rur`i

cjugtlas.

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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823

Amjgjkl`z G.j6>, 0.arcu`trlkastra, 8>>>3). @ugqua i` fijh`ilz`clg c`r`ctarlz`` i` guav` acjgjk`, i` iltar`tur` sjhra sls-tak`s oa lggjv`clg age`tlz` i` lkpjrt`gcl`oai tarrltjrlj. Lglcl`ikagta, ai cagtrj oa `tag-clg eua ai glvai g`cljg`i (Eraak`g 0

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

t`r ` i`s rafljgas cjkj agtlo`oas bjkjf-ga`s (H`itbait 8>>3, K`cMlggjg at `i.8>>8,Kusclj 8>>?).

^jr adakpij, ` pas`r oa su raouclo` ax-

tagslg y pjhi`clg (6.8>> mk8y 8,0 kliij-gas oa b`hlt`gtas), i` C@^U as ug` ra`ilo`ofajfrff c` y acjgklc` kuy batarjfga`.G`v`rrj y I`rra` (8>>6) kuastr`g qua aiagtjrgj acjgklcj y pjr ij t`gtj, i` b`-hlilo`o p`r` fagar`r y `hsjrhar cjgjcl-klagtj as kuy olearagta ag i`s 8> cj-k`rc`s oaff glo`s pjr ai Lgstltutj U`scj oaAst`ostlc`. _`i y cjkj Iugov`ii (8>>6) sa-

`i`, i` iltar`tur` sjhra slstak`s oa lggjv`-clg oahar` `gtapjgar i` cjkpragslg oai` olvarslo`o oa ijs prjcasjs oa lggjv`clgy `pragolz`da kaol`gta `gilsls ciustary sl-kli`ras, ` i` hsquao` oa rafi`s fagar`ias.Asta `rtcuij pratagoa `v`gz`r ag olcb` ol-racclg, suhr`y`goj i` gacaslo`o oa lr ks`ii oai glvai rafljg`i ag ai `gilsls oa ijsprjcasjs oa lggjv`clg. Astj pjor` `yu-

o`r ` cjgtaxtu`ilz`r pjitlc`s oa lggjv`clg,e`clilt`r `gilsls oa hagcbk`rmlgf y `pjy`ri` oaff glclg a lkpi`gt`clg oa astr`tafl`soa lggjv`clg cjk`rc`ias. _joj aiij cjjr-olg`oj cjg lglcl`tlv`s rafljg`ias, g`cljg`-ias a lgciusj supr`g`cljg`ias, slfglff c`r``v`gz`r b`cl` ug` `prjxlk`clg kuitlglvai`i slstak` oa lggjv`clg.

Qg` oa i`s r`zjgas p`r` ai t`roj oa-

s`rrjiij oa ijs astuoljs sjhra prjcasjs ij-c`ias oa `pragolz`da, lggjv`clg y oas`rrj-iij ijc`i b` sloj i` c`ragcl` oa lgolc`ojras`prjpl`ojs p`r` olcbj glvai tarrltjrl`i. AiLgstltutj U`scj oa Cjkpatltlvlo`o b` oa-s`rrjii`oj raclagtakagta ag cji`hjr`clgcjg F`r`pag, i` h`sa oa o`tjs Asmuo`i, agai cjgtaxtj oai prjyactj Oapura `pjy`ojpjr ai Fjhlargj U`scj. I` h`sa cjgtlaga

`prjxlk`o`kagta 8>> lgolc`ojras oa lg-gjv`clg, cjkpatltlvlo`o y rasuit`ojs acj-gklcjs p`r` ijs 81> kuglclpljs y 8> cj-

k`rc`s oa i` C@^U. Ag ai prasagta astuoljsa b`g saiaccljg`oj 80 v`rl`hias oa ast`h`sa y sjhra i`s klsk`s sa b`g `pilc`ojt`gtj ug `gilsls e`ctjrl`i cjkj ciustar. Aijhdatlvj b` sloj oaff glr ug` tlpjijf` oa cj-k`rc`s qua ra ada i`s olearagcl`s axlstagtasagtra ast`s uglo`oas tarrltjrl`ias ag trkl-gjs oa prjcasjs oa lggjv`clg, acjgjk`soa `fijkar`clg y `ctlvlo`o akpragoaoj-r`. Sa cjgtrlhuya `s ` kadjr`r ai cjgjcl-klagtj qua sa tlaga sjhra ijs prjcasjs oalggjv`clg ` glvai suhrafljg`i, ij qua, oas-oa ug` parspactlv` kuitlglvai, parklta ug`kadjr cjkpragslg oa ijs slstak`s oa lg-gjv`clg.

8. IJS SLS_AK@S OA LGGJU@CLGXAFLJG@IAS, ACJGJK@S OA@FIJKAX@CLG \ AK^XAGOLT@DA

Ast` sacclg prasagt` ijs prlgclp`ias

cjgcaptjs ag ijs qua sa h`s` i` oaff glclgoa i` tlpjijf` oa cjk`rc`s ag rai`clg cjgsu cjkpjrt`klagtj lggjv`ojr, `s cjkj i`pjstarljr aiacclg oa lgolc`ojras. Sa tr`t`oa ijs slstak`s rafljg`ias oa lggjv`clg,i`s acjgjk`s oa `fijkar`clg y ai ak-pragolz`da.

Ag i` kaolo` ag qua i` cjkpatltlvlo`oag ijs p`sas `v`gz`ojs b` p`s`oj oa oa-

pagoar oa e`ctjras cjkj i` olspjglhlilo`ooa racursjs g`tur`ias y h`djs cjstas oa i`k`gj oa jhr` ` oapagoar oa i` prjouctlvl-o`o cjgsafulo` ` tr`vs oa i` lggjv`clg,ai lgtars oai `gilsls acjgklcj sa b` tr`s-i`o`oj b`cl` ai astuolj oa ijs oatarklg`g-tas oai oas`rrjiij, oleuslg y usj oa i`s lg-gjv`cljgas. Klagtr`s qua lglcl`ikagta sab`c` ge`sls ag ijs `spactjs oai prjca-

sj oa lggjv`clg qua ar`g aspacff cjs oac`o` sactjr y tacgjijf`, ai kjoaij cjg-captu`i suflrl prjgtj qua i`s rafi`s vag`g

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C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

821

k`rc`o`s pjr ai slstak` oa jrf`glz`cljgasa lgstltucljgas qua, ijc`ilz`o`s ag ug ra`fajfrff c` aspacff c`, lgclo`g ag ijs prj-casjs oa `pragolz`da a lggjv`clg (Kjrf`g,0?).

@ugqua ai cjgcaptj oa slstak` oa lggj-v`clg sa `pilc lglcl`ikagta ` glvai g`clj-g`i (Eraak`g, 0

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

tjo`s i`s akpras`s ijc`ias olstrlhulo`s agolvarsjs sactjras y acjgjk`s oa urh`-glz`clg olspjglhias p`r` tjo`s i`s ak-pras`s ijc`ias lgoapagolagtakagta oa susactjr y oarlv`o`s oai t`k`j oa i` cluo`oy su oagslo`o.

Sa agtlagoa, pjr ug` p`rta, qua i` olvar-slo`o urh`g` cjgouca ` i` fagar`clg oaguav`s loa`s y e`clilt` i` axlstagcl` oa ug`v`rlao`o oa axparlagcl`s qua e`vjraca i`lggjv`clg. Ai lgtarc`khlj oa cjgjclklag-tj cjkpiakagt`rlj agtra akpras`s y `fag-tas acjgklcjs olvarsjs e`clilt` i` hs-

quao` y axparlkagt`clg gacas`rl`s p`r`i` lggjv`clg. Sa aspar`, pjr ij t`gtj, quaug` astructur` prjouctlv` olvarslff c`o` lg-crakagta ai stjcm oa cjgjclklagtj olspj-glhia p`r` i` akpras` lgolvlou`i y prjouzc`axtarg`ilo`oas oa olvarslff c`clg. ^jr jtr`p`rta, oasoa i` blptasls oa aspacl`ilz`-clg (axtarg`ilo`oas K`rsb`ii-@rrjw-Xjkar,K@X), h`s`o` ag ai cjgcaptj oa acjgj-

k`s oa ijc`ilz`clg, sa `rfukagt` qua aicjgjclklagtj as aspacff cj oa c`o` `ctlvl-o`o. @ifugjs astuoljs (Fi`asar at `i.,02) b`g lgtag-t`oj lgtafr`r tras ascuai`s oa lgvastlf`clg,

cjgcrat`kagta, ijs slstak`s rafljg`ias oalggjv`clg, i` clagcl` rafljg`i y i`s tajr`soa akpragolz`da y oakjfr`e` akpras`rl`i,ag ug` sji` tajr`4 ai clcij oa vlo` asp`-cl`i. B`clagoj `g`ijf` oai kjoaij oa clcijoa vlo` oa ug sactjr, tast`g i` blptasls oaqua i`s rafljgas puaoag c`r`ctarlz`rsa pjrsu avjiuclg sjhra ug clcij oa vlo` praoa-clhia. Ai kjoaij kuastr`4 0)ug` e`sa lglcl`iakpragoaojr` ag i` qua prav`iacag i`s ax-targ`ilo`oas D`cjhs y i`s guav`s akpras`scra`o`s ag cjgtaxtjs lgtar sactjrl`ias= 8)ug` e`sa k`rc`o` pjr i`s rutlg`s ag qua i`lggjv`clg sa prjouca oagtrj oa akpras`scjg cjkpjrt`klagtjs y rasuit`ojs oa `itjglvai= 3) ug` safugo` e`sa akpragoaojr`,c`r`ctarlz`o` pjr axtarg`ilo`oas K`rsb`ii-@rrjw-Xjkar, qua cjgoucag ` i` cra`clgoa guav`s akpras`s ag glcbjs aspacff cjs=y ?) ug` itlk` e`sa k`rc`o` pjr i`s rutl-g`s, ag qua gj b`y ks lggjv`clg, parj sb`y c`khlj astructur`i.

I`s cjgtrlhucljgas oa i` iltar`tur` sjhraakpragolz`da b`g sloj t`khlg utlilz`o`s,dugtj cjg i`s rai`tlv`s ` ijs slstak`s oa lg-gjv`clg y clagcl` rafljg`i, p`r` oaff glr i`sv`rl`hias qua sa b`g utlilz`oj pjstarljr-kagta ag ai `gilsls akprlcj. Cjgsacuag-takagta, ijs olearagtas tlpjs oa cjk`rc`soaff glojs ag ai `p`rt`oj cu`rtj olff arag ag-tra aiijs t`gtj ag ijs jutputsacjgklcjs y

tacgjiflcjs cjkj ag ai kjoj ag qua sacjgejrk`g ` glvai ijc`i ai slstak` oa lggj-v`clg, i`s acjgjk`s oa `fijkar`clg yi`s olgklc`s oa akpragolz`da.

3. AI @GILSLS @ GLUAI CJK@XC@I4B@CL@ QG@ @^XJRLK@CLGKQI_LGLUAI AG I@ C@^U

Bjkkag y Ojijraux (8>>1) `rfukag-t`g qua i`s axpilc`cljgas h`s`o`s axciu-slv`kagta ag ug` asc`i` oa `gilsls rasui-

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C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

826

t`g lg`oacu`o`s. Slfulagoj ` Hruggaii yCja (8>>0) `ff rk`g qua axlstag `rfukagtjsoa pasj p`r` `suklr qua as gacas`rlj ugc`khlj cu`ilt`tlvj oa tr`h`djs cagtr`ojs agug glcj glvai tarrltjrl`i cjkj cjgtaxtj oai` lggjv`clg, b`cl` jtrjs qua lgcjrpjragi`s rai`cljgas axlstagtas agtra olearagtas gl-vaias tarrltjrl`ias.

Ijragtzag (8>>2) `rfukagt` qua ijs as-p`cljs oa lggjv`clg sa cjgstruyag sj-cl`ikagta kaol`gta i` fagar`clg oa raoasoa cjgjclklagtj ` v`rljs glvaias. Cjgsl-oar` qua i` ratarrltjrl`ilz`clg oai Ast`oj

cjgouca ` i` fjharg`gz` kuitlglvai, qua`fiutlg` lgstltucljgas y pjitlc`s rai`cljg`-o`s t`gtj cjg i` prjoucclg y oleuslg oaicjgjclklagtj cjkj cjg i` lggjv`clg agolearagtas glvaias tarrltjrl`ias. U` ks `ii`i cjgsloar`r qua, `ugqua kucb`s eugclj-gas sa b`g oascagtr`ilz`oj ` glvaias `okl-glstr`tlvjs y pjitlcjs rafljg`ias, ast`s ra-fljgas gj sjg `utgjk`s j crucl`ias ag

rai`clg cjg i` fagar`clg y oleuslg oai cj-gjclklagtj y i` lggjv`clg. ^jr ai cjgtr`rlj,lgvarsljgas y pjitlc`s oa fr`g raiav`gcl`p`r` ai cjgjclklagtj y i` lggjv`clg sa ag-cuagtr`g tjo`v` ag ai glvai g`cljg`i, astjas, ag ijs ast`ojs.

@sbalk (8>>6) axpilc` qua i` h`sa oacjgjclklagtj y ijs kjojs oa lggjv`clgv`r`g oa ug sactjr ` jtrj. Ks cjgcra-

t`kagta, olstlgfua tras h`sas oa cjgjcl-klagtj4 `g`itlcj (j oa h`sa clagtff c`), slg-ttlcj (h`s`oj ag i` lgfaglar`) y slkhilcj(h`s`oj ag i` cra`tlvlo`o). I`s klsk`s oa-pagoag oa i`s olearagtas cjkhlg`cljgas oacjgjclklagtj cjolff c`oj y tcltj, c`p`cl-o`oas y b`hlilo`oas, jrf`glz`cljgas a lgs-tltucljgas lkpilc`o`s j raquarlo`s y tlpjsoa lggjv`clg. Ls`msag (8>>2), oaspus oa

`g`ilz`r sals ciustars ijc`ias ag Gjruaf`,cjgciuya qua i` raiav`gcl` oa ijs glvaias ij-c`ias j lgtarg`cljg`ias p`r` ai `pragolz`da y

i` lggjv`clg oapagoag oai tlpj oa h`sa oacjgjclklagtj oai ciustar. Oa asta kjoj, i`sakpras`s oa ciustars oa h`sa oa cjgjcl-klagtj `g`itlcj agcuagtr`g eracuagtakagtasus cilagtas y prjvaaojras (lgciulojs ijs oacjgjclklagtj) ` glvai lgtarg`cljg`i. Slg ak-h`rfj, ijs ciustarsag qua praojklg` ai cj-gjclklagtj slgttlcj sa `pjy`g ks ag ka-c`glskjs oa kadjr` oai ciustar, t`ias cjkjai karc`oj ijc`i oa k`gj oa jhr`, i` h`saijc`i oa prjvaaojras y i` rlv`ilo`o ijc`i. As-tjs rasuit`ojs sjg cjbaragtas, pjr adak-pij, cjg ijs kjstr`ojs pjr Fartiar y Vjiea(8>>5).

Ijs `utjras cjkp`rtag i` prjpuast` oaIjragtzag (8>>2) ` e`vjr oa ug` `prjxlk`-clg kuitlglvai ` i` fjharg`gz`, parj gjoasc`rt`g ai glvai rafljg`i cjkj raiav`g-ta p`r` i` fagar`clg y oleuslg oai cjgj-clklagtj y i` lggjv`clg. Ag asta sagtloj,p`raca ks `oacu`o` i` `prjxlk`clg prj-puast` pjr Ls`msag, qua gj oasc`rt` glgfg

glvai tarrltjrl`i` prljrl.@s, ug` oa i`s prlg-clp`ias cjgtrlhucljgas oa asta `rtcuij as`v`gz`r b`cl` ug `gilsls kuitlglvai oa ijsprjcasjs oa lggjv`clg ag i` C@^U y cjk-piakagt`r i` lgvastlf`clg y` ra`ilz`o` sj-hra ai slstak` oa lggjv`clg ` glvai rafljg`icjg ug` tlpjijf` ` glvai cjk`rc`i.

_ i y cjkj kjstr`rg ijs rasuit`ojs ak-prlcjs oai astuolj ra`ilz`oj, i` C@^U gj

as ug tarrltjrlj bjkjfgaj ag rai`clg cjgi` `ctlvlo`o acjgklc`. I` astructur` prj-ouctlv` j i`s lger`astructur`s rai`tlv`s ` i`clagcl` y tacgjijf`, agtra jtrjs `spactjs,olff arag slfglff c`tlv`kagta oa ug`s cjk`r-c`s ` jtr`s. Aiij b`ca qua agtagoar ijs prj-casjs oa `pragolz`da a lggjv`clg ` glvaisuhrafljg`i sa` ci`va p`r` cjgjcar ` ejg-oj ai slstak` oa lggjv`clg. ^jr supuastj,

cu`gtj ks sa oasclagoa ag i` uglo`o tarrl-tjrl`i oa `gilsls, ks prjhiaktlcj rasuit`cjgsloar`r olcb` uglo`o tarrltjrl`i cjkj ug

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

slstak`, pjrqua c`raca oa ks cjkpjgag-tas y rai`cljgas cjgsloar`ojs gacas`rljsag ug slstak` oa lggjv`clg loa`i (G`v`rrj,8>>6). ^arj, ag cjgtr`sta, ai tagar ag cuag-t` ai glvai ijc`i parklta ra`ilz`r ug` kadjrc`r`ctarlz`clg oa ijs aiakagtjs sjclj-acjgklcjs oai tarrltjrlj (Kusclj, 8>>?), yas pracls`kagta ag asa glvai ojgoa sa prj-ouca i` k`yjr p`rta oai oagjklg`oj ijc`ihuzz j rukjr ijc`i, qua e`vjraca i` tr`gs-earagcl` oa cjgjclklagtj (H`tbait, 8>>?).

Qg` vaz prasagt`oj ai lgtars oa `g`il-z`r uglo`oas tarrltjrl`ias suhrafljg`ias, as

gacas`rlj dustlff c`r pjr qu i`s 8> cjk`r-c`s oaff glo`s pjr ai Lgstltutj U`scj oa As-t`ostlc` b`g sloj saiaccljg`o`s cjkj ugl-o`o oa `gilsls. Ojijraux (8>>8) lgolc` quai`s rafljgas puaoag sar oaff glo`s `oklgls-tr`tlv`kagta j eugcljg`ikagta. Ag ai itlkjc`sj, cjkj cjgstructjs sjcl`ias j cjgac-tjras qua puaoag e`clilt`r clartjs prjcasjsagk`rc`ojs ag ai glvai rafljg`i. Slfulagoj

ai klskj r`zjg`klagtj, ijs glvaias suhra-fljg`ias puaoag sar oaff glojs t`gtj `okl-glstr`tlv` cjkj eugcljg`ikagta. I` `prjxl-k`clg eugcljg`i raqulara p`rtlr oai `gilslsoa clartjs prjcasjs, p`r` ks t`roa oaff glri` uglo`o tarrltjrl`i raiav`gta p`r` `g`ilz`rijs klskjs. I` oaff glclg oa ug` tlpjijf`h`s`o` ag ug` v`rlao`o oa `spactjs cjkji` qua `qu sa prasagt`, raqulara utlilz`r i`

klsk` uglo`o tarrltjrl`i p`r` `g`ilz`r c`o`aiakagtj y raqulara t`khlg oaff glr i` ugl-o`o oa `gilsls oasoa ai prlgclplj. ^jr aiij,sa b` jpt`oj pjr tr`h`d`r cjg uglo`oas `o-klglstr`tlv`kagta oaff glo`s.

@ugqua axlstag v`rl`s oailklt`cljgas agi` C@^U oa uglo`oas lgtarkaol`s agtra aikuglclplj y i` prjvlgcl` `oklglstr`tlv`kag-ta oaelglo`s (i`s cjk`rc`s ast`ostlc`s y

i`s ra`s eugcljg`ias), i` olspjglhlilo`o oao`tjs b`ca qua i` ci`slff c`clg ast`ostlc`oa Aust`t sa` i` kadjr jpclg. @oaks, as

lkpjrt`gta sa`i`r qua ai prjcasj oa oa-ilklt`clg oa cjk`rc`s pjr Aust`t astuvjh`s`oj, agtra jtrjs, ag crltarljs sjclj acj-gklcjs. Oa asta kjoj, `ugqua sa` ug`oailklt`clg `oklglstr`tlv`, lgtafr` t`khlgaiakagtjs eugcljg`ias.

Elg`ikagta, c`ha sa`i`r qua i`s `fag-cl`s oa oas`rrjiij cjk`rc`i, qua sjg aiprlgclp`i lgstrukagtj p`r` ai oas`rrjiij oapjitlc`s ag asta glvai lgtarkaolj agtra ijskuglclpljs y i`s prjvlgcl`s, gj slfuag i` oa-ilklt`clg `oklglstr`tlv` utlilz`o` p`r` ai as-tuolj. Ag `ifugjs c`sjs b`y `fagcl`s qua

cuhrag ug` oa i`s cjk`rc`s oaff glo`s, parjkuy ` kaguoj v`rl`s `fagcl`s b`g slojcra`o`s ag ai khltj cuhlartj pjr ug` cj-k`rc` ast`ostlc`.

?. I@ _L^JIJF@ _AXXL_JXL@IOA I@ C@^U SAFG SQ @C_LULO@OLGGJU@OJX@

?.0. Astuoljs pravljs sjhra tlpjijf`starrltjrl`ias oa p`trjgas oalggjv`clg

Cu`goj sa pratagoa oaff glr ug` tlpjijf`oa p`trjgas oa lggjv`clg, t`gtj p`r` ijsp`sas cjkj p`r` i`s rafljgas, ai jhdatlvjpuaoa `hjro`rsa hlag oasoa ug` parspac-tlv` tarlc` j hlag oasoa ai `gilsls akprl-

cj. Asta `rtcuij ailfa ai ktjoj akprlcja loagtlff c` ijs p`trjgas oa lggjv`clg qualkpar`g ag i`s 8> cjk`rc`s oa i` C@^U. @ilfu`i qua ag jtr`s tlpjijf`s oa p`trjgas oalggjv`clg iiav`o`s ` c`hj ag Aurjp` (v`-sa ug` ravlslg oa i`s klsk`s ag G`v`rrj yFlh`d` 8>>

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

8/22

C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

82>6) p`r` i`s 8> cj-

k`rc`s oa i` C@^U, ag qua sa cjgsloar`h`gijs e`ctjras oa su oasakpaj acjgklcj ycjkpatltlvj cjk`rc`i slfulagoj ai kjoaijoai ol`k`gta oa ^jrtar. Ag olcbj astuolj sa`g`ilz`h`g 0>6)8. As-tjs lgolc`ojras racjfag `spactjs hslcjsoa tras cjrrlagtas tarlc`s olstlgt`s4 ijs sls-tak`s rafljg`ias oa lggjv`clg, i`s acj-gjk`s oa `fijkar`clg, y i`s tajr`s oa

akpragolz`da y cra`clg oa akpras`s (varcu`orj g. 0). I`s v`rl`hias qua ra ad`g c`-r`ctarstlc`s oa ijs slstak`s rafljg`ias oalggjv`clg sa ci`slff c`g ag tjrgj `i suhsls-tak` oa `pilc`clg y axpijt`clg oai cjgj-

8 Ag asta `gilsls sa b`g utlilz`oj cu`trj v`rl`hias`olcljg`ias (ai golca oa aspacl`ilz`clg, ai pjrcagt`-

da oa b`hlt`gtas qua b` g`cloj ag i` prjvlgcl`, ai pjr-cagt`da gatj oa akpras`s oa `it` tacgjijf` cra`o`s

ag ijs itlkjs 5 `js y ai f`stj ag L+O cjkj pjrcag-t`da sjhra ai ^LH) qua sa b`g tjk`oj oa jtr`s euagtast`ias cjkj ai Sarvlclj oa Safurlo`o Sjcl`i oa Asp`-`, j ijs lgstltutjs oa ast`ostlc` LGA y AQS_@_.

Cu`orj g. 0

C`r`ctarstlc`s oa i`s cjrrlagtas tarlc`s y v`rl`hias tlpj

Cjrrlagtas tarlc`s Suhslstak` _lpj oa v`rl`hias

SXL @pilc`clg y axpijt`clg oai cjgjclklagtj X0Fagar`clg y oleuslg oai cjgjclklagtj X8Jtrjs aiakagtjs oai SXL X3

Acjgjk`s oa`fijkar`clg

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7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

9/22

@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

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7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

10/22

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7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

11/22

@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

clklagtj (X0), `i suhslstak` oa fagar`clgy oleuslg oai cjgjclklagtj (X8) y ` ug` tar-car` c`tafjr` (X3) qua `frup`r` ` jtrjsaiakagtjs oai SXL.

@i cjgsloar`rsa i`s acjgjk`s oa `fij-kar`clg sa b`g olearagcl`oj t`khlg trasfrupjs4 ai prlkarj rai`tlvj ` i`s acjgjk`soa `fijkar`clg ag fagar`i (@0)= ai safug-oj ` i`s axtarg`ilo`oas D`cjhs (@8)= y aitarcarj ` i`s axtarg`ilo`oas tlpj K@X (@3).Elg`ikagta, t`khlg sa b` cjgsloar`oj ugfrupj oa v`rl`hias qua c`r`ctarlz`g ai ak-pragolz`da y i` lggjv`clg (A) Ai cu`orj g.8 prasagt` ug` oat`ii`o` oascrlpclg oa tj-ojs ijs lgolc`ojras utlilz`ojs, `s cjkj oai` rai`clg agtra c`o` ug` i`s v`rl`hias y ijsk`rcjs tarlcjs `rrlh` agukar`ojs.

Sl cjkagz`kjs ax`klg`goj ai frupj oai`s partagaclagtas ` (X0) j suhslstak` oa`pilc`clg y axpijt`clg oai cjgjclklag-tj, gjs agcjgtr`kjs cjg ai akpiaj ag ijs

olstlgtjs sactjras y jtrjs lgolc`ojras oa i`astructur` prjouctlv` qua eugcljg`g cjkjff itrjs sjcl`ias oa ug` raflg y, pjr ij t`g-tj, cjkj cjgolcljg`gtas oa i` c`p`clo`orafljg`i p`r` tr`gsejrk`r i` L+O ag lggjv`-clg y craclklagtj acjgklcj (Xjorlfuaz-^jsa, 0>1= Kuiiary G`uwai`ars, 8>>1). Oagtrj oa asta `p`r-

t`oj t`khlg sa b` tagloj ag cuagt` i` lg-er`astructur` oa i` ejrk`clg prjeasljg`iaxlstagta, kaol`gta ijs astuol`gtas k`trl-cui`ojs ag cagtrjs oa ejrk`clg prjeaslj-g`i oa i` cjk`rc`.

Ag ai frupj (X3) u jtrjs aiakagtjs oaiSXL sa lgciuyag i`s slfulagtas cu`trj v`rl`-hias4 ai ^LH par cplt`, ai pjrcagt`da oa pj-hi`clg k`yjr oa 51 `js, ai pjrcagt`da oab`hlt`gtas g`clojs ag i` klsk` prjvlgcl`y i` pjhi`clg k`yjr oa 05 `js cjg astu-oljs tarcl`rljs. Ai ^LH par cplt` y i` pjhi`-clg k`yjr oa 51 `js sa b`g us`oj cjkj

lgolc`ojras oai fr`oj oa sjffstlc`clg oa i`oak`go` (Kuiiar y G`uwaia`rs, 8>>1= @rug-oai y Bjii`goars, 8>>1). Ai pjrcagt`da oa b`-hlt`gtas g`cloj ag i` prjvlgcl` sa b` cjgsl-oar`oj p`r` c`r`ctarlz`r i` kjvlilo`o oa i`euarz` oa tr`h`dj. Elg`ikagta, i` pjhi`clgk`yjr oa 05 `js cjg astuoljs tarcl`rljs sab` aiafloj p`r` c`r`ctarlz`r i` c`p`clo`o oa`hsjrclg oai cjgjclklagtj y i` tacgjijf`

oa ug` cjk`rc` (Acjtac, 8>>1= Bjii`goar,8>>3= Hruldlg y I`fagolmdlm, 8>>1= Kuiiar yG`uwaia`rs, 8>>1= G`v`rrj at `i.,8>>2)

Ag rai`clg ` i`s acjgjk`s oa `fijka-r`clg sa b` saiaccljg`oj i` oagslo`o oapjhi`clg (Kuiiar y G`uwai`ars, 8>>1= K`r-tgaz-^aiiltarj, 8>>6= G`v`rrj at `i., 8>>2)y t`khlg sa b` `g`ilz`oj ai pjrcagt`da

oai ^LH oa ug` cjk`rc` sjhra ai tjt`i oai` C@^U. Gj jhst`gta, i`s v`rl`hias `rrlh`kagcljg`o`s ^LH par cplt` y pjhi`clgg`clo` ag i` klsk` prjvlgcl` t`khlg pua-oag c`r`ctarlz`r asta `p`rt`oj.

@s klskj, sa b` utlilz`oj ug golca oaaspacl`ilz`clg kaol` cjgstruloj ` p`rtlroai golca oa H`s`ss`-Bjjvarp`r` oascrl-hlr ai fr`oj oa aspacl`ilz`clg oa i` astruc-

tur` acjgklc` oa ug` raflg, oa k`gar`qua as ug huag lgolc`ojr oa i`s axtarg`ilo`-oas K@X ( bQ`ii`cblg y Iasial, 8>>6). @ol-

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

12/22

C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

82).

\ p`r` cjgciulr, p`r` c`r`ctarlz`r ai ak-pragolz`da sa b`g aiafloj cjkj lgolc`ojrasai pjrcagt`da oa akpras`s oa `it` tacgjijf`cra`o`s ag ijs itlkjs 5 `js y i` t`s` gat`

oa cra`clg oa guavjs ast`hiaclklagtjs.I` olspjglhlilo`o oa ijs o`tjs p`r` ijs lg-

olc`ojras saiaccljg`ojs ag i`s 8> cjk`r-c`s b` pjslhlilt`oj i` jhtagclg oa i` tlpj-ijf` tarrltjrl`i oa p`trjgas oa lggjv`clg.^`r` aiij, cjg `yuo` oai p`quata ast`ostlcjS^@O v 1.1, sa b` ra`ilz`oj ug `gilsls kuitl-v`rl`gta slkli`r `i `pilc`oj pjr Ci`rysa y Kui-our (0>2), Kuiiar y G`uwai`ars (8>>1) jK`rtlgaz-^aiiltarj (8>>6) qua cjgst` oa4

Qg `gilsls oa cjkpjgagtas prlgclp`ias(@C^) sjhra i`s v`rl`hias jrlflg`ias cjgai jhdatlvj oa ra`ilz`r ug `gilsls axpij-r`tjrlj prailklg`r oa i`s c`r`ctarstlc`solearagcl`ojr`s oa i`s cjk`rc`s.

Qg` ci`slelc`clg `utjktlc` j `gil-sls ciustarp`r` oaelglr i` tlpjijf` qua`frup` ` i`s cjk`rc`s `tagolagoj `ifr`oj oa slkliltuo ag ijs v`ijras oai`s v`rl`hias saiaccljg`o`s.

?.3. Qg` tlpjijf` oa i` lggjv`clgag i`s 8> cjk`rc`s oa i` C@^U

@gtas oa prasagt r ijs rasuit`ojs jhtagl-ojs, cjgvlaga lgtrjouclr `ifugjs o`tjs qua`yuoag ` cjgtaxtu`ilz`rijs. Cjkj as s`hloj,

i` C@^U sa c`r`ctarlz` pjr cjgt`r cjg ugslstak` urh`gj pjilcgtrlcj ag tjrgj ` sustras c`plt`ias oa prjvlgcl`, tjo`s aii`s sap`-r`o`s agtra s pjr ug` olst`gcl` lgearljr ` 0>>mk4 Hlih`j (31>.>>> b`hlt`gtas), S`g Sah`s-tlg (02>.>>> b`hlt`gtas) y Ultjrl` (83>.>>>b`hlt`gtas). _`kpjcj pjoakjs jhvl`r quai` pjhi`clg y i` `ctlvlo`o acjgklc` oa i`sprjvlgcl`s oa Hlzm`l` y i`v` sa cjgcagtr`g`iraoaojr oa sus c`plt`ias (cjk`rc`s Fr`gHlih`j y Ii`g`o` @i`vas`), klagtr`s qua Fl-puzmj` as ug` prjvlgcl` ks bjkjfga`,ojgoa oa i` cjk`rc` Ojgjstl`ioa`, ` i` quapartagaca su c`plt`i S`g Sah`stlg, tlaga ugkagjr pasj t`gtj ag ij rai`tlvj `i pjrcagt`-da oa pjhi`clg cjkj ag ij qua sa raffara `cjgcagtr`clg oa i` `ctlvlo`o acjgklc`.

@oagtrgojgjs y` ag ijs rasuit`ojs oai`gilsls ast`ostlcj y cjkagz`goj pjr ai`gilsls e`ctjrl`i pravlj `i `gilsls ciustarqua oaff ga i` tlpjijf`, jhsarv`kjs qua aiblstjfr`k` oa ijs v`ijras prjpljs oa ijs

e`ctjras jhtaglojs lgolc` qua ijs tras prl-karjs e`ctjras axpilc`g ai 6>% oa i` v`-rl`gz`. Ai `gilsls oa i` cjkpjslclg oa as-tjs tras prlkarjs e`ctjras sa kuastr` ag aifrff cj g. 0 y puaoa cjgciulrsa qua4

Ai prlkar e`ctjr, raprasagt`oj ag aiada bjrlzjgt`i, axpilc` ai 38% oa i`v`rl`gz` y c`r`ctarlz` ai fr`oj oa

`fijkar`clg urh`g` ag cjrraspjg-oagcl` ` i`s `it`s cjjroag`o`s oa i`sv`rl`hias ^jrcagt`da oai akpiaj agsarvlcljs (A3), ^jrcagt`da oai akpiajag lgoustrl`s lgtagslv`s ag cjgjcl-klagtj (C?

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

Cu`

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Akpras`scjgksoa1>akpia`ojs(%)

F`stjagL+O(ag%oai^LH)

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^`tagtaspjr0.>>>b`hlt`gtas

Cagtrjsoaaouc`clgsuparljr

Lger`astructur`tacgjiflc`s

Ejrk`clgprjeasljg`i(%)

^LHparcplt`()

^jhi`clg751`js(%)

B`hlt`gtasg`clojsagi`prjvlgcl`(%)

^jhi`clg705`jscjgaouc`clgtarcl`rl`(%oaitjt`i)

Oagslo`ooapjhi`clg(b`h.pjrmk8)

%oai^LHoai`C@^U

golcaoaaspacl`ilz`clg

Akpiajsactjrprlk`rlj(%)

Akpiajagk`gue`ctur`(%)

Akpiajagsarvlcljs(%)

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88, cjk`rc`s raspactj ` ijs

ojs cjkpjgagtas prlgclp`ias. @ p`rtlr oaijs v`ijras qua prasagt`g i`s v`rl`hias as-tuol`o`s sa b`g loagtlff c`oj clgcj frupjsoa cjk`rc`s cjg c`p`clo`o lggjv`ojr` ol-earagcl`o`. @s, ug prlkar frupj, ejrk`ojpjr i`s tras c`plt`ias oa prjvlgcl` y su ra`oa lg uagcl` ag ai c`sj oai Fr`g Hlih`j,`p`raca sltu`oj ag ai axtrakj lzqularojoai ada bjrlzjgt`i, ij qua ast`r` lgolc`goji` axlstagcl` oa axtarg`ilo`oas tlpj D`cj-hs. Klagtr`s qua ag ai axtrakj oaracbj sasltu`r`g ojs frupjs cjg cjk`rc`s tjo`saii`s `i`vas`s4 ag i` p`rta lgearljr ojs cj-k`rc`s cjg ug` `it` c`p`clo`o lggjv`ojr`` pas`r oa su t`ro` lgoustrl`ilz`clg= y ag i`p`rta suparljr, ojs paqua`s cjk`rc`s ru-r`ias. As gjtjrlj t`khlg qua i` k`yjr` oai`s cjk`rc`s tlagoag ` sltu`rsa `iraoaojr

Frelcj g. 8

^jslclg oa i`s 8> cjk`rc`s raspactj ` ijs ojs prlkarjscjkpjgagtas prlgclp`ias

CJK0 U`iias @i`vasasCJK8 Ii`g`o` @i`vas`CJK3 Kjgt`` @i`vas`CJK? @rr`tl`-GarvlgCJK1 H`dj Hlo`sj`CJK5 Fr`g Hlih`jCJK6 H`dj Oah`

CJK2 @itj Oah`CJK< Ojgjstl`-S`g Sah`stlgCJK0> Our`gfuas`ojCJK00 Agc`rt`cljgasCJK08 Xljd` @i`vas`CJK03 Farglm`-HarkajCJK0? FjlarrlCJK01 Astrlhc. oai Fjrha`CJK05 C`gthrlc` @i`vas`CJK06 K`rmlg`-Jgo`rrj`CJK02 ^iagtzl`-Kugfl`CJK0< _jijs`CJK8> Qrji` Cjst`

E`ctjr 04 Fr`oj oa `fijkar`clg urh`g`.E`ctjr 84 C`p`clo`o tacgjiflc` oa i` lgoustrl`.

Euagta4 Ai`hjr`clg prjpl`.

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

17/22

@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

c`g pjr su oasakpaj ag ai oas`rrjiij yaxpijt`clg oa i` lggjv`clg.

I` astracb` rai`clg agtra ai kugoj ak-pras`rl`i y ai slstak` aouc`tlvj sa va ra-

ejrz`o` pjr ug` ci`r` `puast` oa ast` cj-k`rc`s pjr i` ejrk`clg prjeasljg`i, agcjgsjg`gcl` cjg i` oak`go` pjr p`rtaoa i`s akpras`s oa tr`h`d`ojras cjg astaparff i.

Gj jhst`gta, i` t`s` gat` oa cra`clgoa akpras`s as paqua` j lgciusj ga-f`tlv` ag ai c`sj oai H`dj Oah`, `ugquap`r`odlc`kagta prasagt`g ug` t`s` oacra`clg oa akpras`s oa `it` tacgjijf` ra-i`tlv`kagta `it`.

Cjkj cjgtr`p`rtlo` ` i`s axtarg`ilo`oastlpj D`cjhs jhsarv`o`s ag ai prlkar frupj,i` c`r`ctarlz`clg oa ast`s cjk`rc`s sufla-ra i` axlstagcl` oa axtarg`ilo`oas tlpj K@X,e`vjraclo`s pjr ai oas`rrjiij oa akpras`sprjvaaojr`s, ug` euarz` i`hjr`i cu`ilff c`o`

a lger`astructur`s oa lgvastlf`clg y i` oleu-slg oai cjgjclklagtj qua uya ` p`rtlr oai` cjgcagtr`clg oa `ctlvlo`oas, ij qua e`-vjraca i` tr`gsklslg oai cjgjclklagtj tcl-tj axlstagta ag ast`s cjk`rc`s.

Frupj 34 @fijkar`cljgas lgoustrl`ias cjg

cjkpjrt`klagtj tacgjiflcj kaolj?

Asta tarcar frupj ast cjkpuastj pjr0> cjk`rc`s qua tlagag ug pasj aspacff -cj oai 83,5% ag ai ^LH y ag i` pjhi`clg,y i` k`yjr` partagacag ` i`s prjvlgcl`soa Hlzm`l` y Flpuzmj`. Asta frupj sa c`-r`ctarlz` pjr prasagt`r v`ijras kaoljs ag

?I`s cjk`rc`s lgciulo`s ag asta frupj sjg4 Ou-r`gfuas`oj, Qrji` Cjst`, C`gthrlc` @i`vas`, Fjlarrl,

@rr`tl`-Garvlg, _jijs`ioa`, K`rmlg`-Jgo`rrj`, Far-

glm` Harkaj, y Agc`rt`cljgas. H`dj Hlo`sj` b` slojlgciulo` ag asta frupj, parj kuastr` ug pareli klxtj ypjsaa aiakagtjs raiav`gtas qua cjkp`rta cjg i`s zj-g`s urh`g`s-c`plt`ias.

i` k`yjr` oa i`s v`rl`hias astuol`o`s. Gjjhst`gta, sa pjor`g oast`c`r `ifug`s ol-earagcl`s ag clart`s v`rl`hias. ^jr adakpij,ai pjrcagt`da oa i` pjhi`clg g`clo` ag i`prjvlgcl` as suparljr ` i` kaol` oai cjgdug-tj oa i` C@^U, ij qua ast`r` lgolc`goj ugcraclklagtj oa i` pjhi`clg ks agofagjy, pjr aiij, cjg kagjr kjvlilo`o. Sjg tjo`saii`s cjk`rc`s lgoustrl`ias, `ugqua cjg ugoas`rrjiij tacgjiflcj olvarsj. Ai pjrcagt`-da oa akpras`s cjg `ctlvlo`oas oa L+O asag fagar`i k`yjr qua ag i` `frup`clg oai`s c`plt`ias, parj ` ug` olst`gcl` slfglff c`-tlv` oa ijs glvaias qua ast` v`rl`hia prasag-t` ag i`s cjk`rc`s @itj Oah` y H`dj Oah`.@oaks, ai sjpjrta oa lger`astructur`s tac-gjiflc`s cjg qua cuagt`g i`s akpras`s asks ohli. Elg`ikagta, ag trklgjs oa `ctl-vlo`o akpragoaojr`, sa jhsarv` ug cjk-pjrt`klagtj olvarsj4 klagtr`s qua ag `ifu-g`s cjk`rc`s sa astg cra`goj akpras`sag jtr`s oas`p`racag. Gl slqular` i`s cj-k`rc`s ks akpragoaojr`s p`racag tr`ar

` akpras`s oa h`sa tacgjiflc`.

Frupj ?4 ^aqua`s cjk`rc`s lgoustrl`ias1

Asta frupj cjgst` oa ojs paqua`s cj-k`rc`s lgoustrl`ias oa i` prjvlgcl` oa @i`v`qua supjgag ai 0,35% y kagjs oai 0% oai^LH y oa i` pjhi`clg tjt`i oa i` C@^U ras-pactlv`kagta. Sa c`r`ctarlz`g pjr su `itj

olg`klskj akpragoaojr (ra ad`oj ag su`it` t`s` pjrcagtu`i oa cra`clg oa akpra-s`s), `ugqua o`o` su paqua` olkagslggj tlaga ug lkp`ctj slfglff c`tlvj ag i`s cl-er`s tjt`ias oa i` C@^U. Sjg cjk`rc`s cjgug `itj glvai oa aspacl`ilz`clg lgoustrl`i.Ag ai c`sj oa Astrlh`cljgas oa Fjrha`, b`-hr` qua sa`i`r qua ` pas`r oa su raou-cloj t`k`j b` s`hloj `tr`ar ` ug` ojca-

1Ag asta frupj sa lgciuyag ojs cjk`rc`s U`iias@i`vasas y Astrlh`cljgas oai Fjrha`.

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C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

8 akpia`ojs,

cjg `ctlvlo`oas oa L+O y ug huag glvai oap`tagtas, ij qua axpilc` su huag cjkpjrt`-klagtj ag lggjv`clg. _joj aiij tlaga `oa-ks su ra adj ag ai `itj glvai oa ragt` parcplt` oa ast` cjk`rc`.

Ast`s cjk`rc`s sjg ug huag adakpij oackj ug tarrltjrlj paquaj qua gj cuag-t` cjg euartas lger`astructur`s clagtff c`s ytacgjiflc`s puaoa supar`r ast` sltu`clgoa oasvagt`d` oas`rrjii`goj raoas oa cj-gaxlg cjg jtr`s cjk`rc`s ilktrjeas (I`-fagoldm y Ijragtzag 8>>5).

Frupj 14 aqua`s cjk`rc`s rur`ias5

Ojs paqua`s cjk`rc`s oa i` prjvlg-cl` oa i`v` cjg ug pasj oai 0,8?% sjhraai ^LH y kagjs oai 0% oa i` pjhi`clg tjt`i

5I`s cjk`rc`s lgciulo`s ag asta frupj sjg4 Kjg-t`` @i`vas` y Xljd` @i`vas`.

oa i` C@^U lgtafr`g ai itlkj frupj. Cuag-

t`g cjg ug` pjhi`clg agvadaclo` y, pjr ijt`gtj, cjg kagjras glvaias oa sjff stlc`clgoa i` oak`go`. @ugqua sjg zjg`s rur`ias,i` Xljd` @i`vas` b` `ic`gz`oj ai safugojk`yjr glvai oa ragt` par cplt` oa i` C@^U,fr`cl`s ` su aspacl`ilz`clg ag ai sactjr vl-tlvlgcji`, cjg ug` jeart` oa vlgjs oa k`r-c` oa `it` c`ilo`o y slstak`s kjoargjs y`v`gz`ojs oa prjoucclg.

1. CJGCIQSLJGAS

Ai `rtcuij tag` pjr jhdatlvj ra axljg`rsjhra i` uglo`o tarrltjrl`i `oacu`o` p`r``g`ilz`r ijs prjcasjs oa lggjv`clg, prj-pjglagoj ug` `prjxlk`clg kuitlglvai y`v`gz`goj b`cl` su oas`rrjiij ag ai cjg-

taxtj oa i` C@^U. @ t`i ff g, sa b` oaff glojug` tlpjijf` oa cjk`rc`s ag rai`clg cjgi` lggjv`clg qua parklta agtagoar olcb`

Frelcj g. 3

Oagojfr`k`

Ci`slffc`clg darrqulc` olract`

CJK0CJK01CJK08CJK3CJK2CJK6CJK0>CJK8>CJK0?CJK05CJK?CJK0%

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1

Euagta4 Ai`hjr`clg prjpl`.

7/31/2019 capacidad de innovacin local una tipologia para los comarcas vascas

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@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

`prjxlk`clg kuitlglvai y sa agejc` ag aiglvai suhrafljg`i. ^`r` cjkpiakagt`r ast``prjxlk`clg sar` lgtaras`gta `g`ilz`r i`lgcloagcl` oa aiakagtjs supr`rafljg`ias agai slstak` oa lggjv`clg oa i` C@^U.

Ijs rasuit`ojs jhtaglojs ag trklgjsoa i` olvarslo`o oa i`s cjk`rc`s ag rai`-clg cjg su c`p`clo`o oa fagar`r y `h-sjrhar cjgjclklagtj y tr`gsejrk`r i` L+Oag lggjv`clg y craclklagtj acjgklcjcjgff rk`g ai lgtaras qua pjsaa ai `gilslsoai glvai suhrafljg`i. @slklskj, tlaga sag-tloj `o`pt`r pjitlc`s ` glvai cjk`rc`i qua,cjjrolg`o`s cjg jtr`s kaolo`s ks `k-pil`s ` glvai rafljg`i, ejrt`iazc`g ai oas`rrj-iij ijc`i.

@oaks, ai `rtcuij cjgtrlhuya ` i` rai`tl-v`kagta asc`s` iltar`tur` akprlc` qua as-tuol` i`s lgtarrai`cljgas agtra ijs slstak`soa lggjv`clg, i`s acjgjk`s oa `fijka-r`clg y ai akpragolz`da. Ag rai`clg cjg

astjs cjgcaptjs, ijs 80 lgolc`ojras saiac-cljg`ojs b`g parkltloj oas`rrjii`r ug `g-ilsls oa cjkpjgagtas prlgclp`ias safulojoa ug `gilsls ciustar. Oa asta kjoj, sab` oaff gloj ug` tlpjijf` oa i`s 8> cjk`r-c`s oa i` C@^U qua olstlgfua clgcj tlpjsoa cjk`rc`s4 0) cjk`rc`s katrjpjilt`g`scjg astructur` prjouctlv` olvarslff c`o`= 8)`fijkar`cljgas lgoustrl`ias `v`gz`o`s= 3)

`fijkar`cljgas lgoustrl`ias cjg cjkpjrt`-klagtj tacgjiflcj kaolj= ?) paqua`s cj-k`rc`s lgoustrl`ias y 1) paqua`s cjk`r-c`s rur`ias.

Ijs rasuit`ojs akprlcjs olearagcl`g ag-tra cjk`rc`s urh`g`s, rur`ias a lgoustrl`iasqua prasagt`g cjkpjrt`klagtjs olstlgtjsag lggjv`clg. I`s ra`s cjrraspjgolag-tas ` i`s c`plt`ias oa prjvlgcl` cjgcagtr`g

i` k`yjr p`rta oa ijs aiakagtjs rai`tlvjs `isuhslstak` oa cra`clg y oleuslg oa cjgj-clklagtj. ^arj i` cra`clg oa cjgjclklagtj

ag ast`s ra`s gj ast h`s`o` ag i`s `c-tlvlo`oas tacgjiflc`s tr`olcljg`ias, t`i ycjkj sa avloagcl` pjr ai `p`ragtakagtah`dj glvai oai pjrcagt`da oa akpras`s cjg`ctlvlo`oas oa L+O j ai gkarj oa p`tagtassjilclt`o`s. Slg akh`rfj, sa b`g agcjgtr`-oj clart`s avloagcl`s oa guav`s akpras`scra`o`s ag cjgtaxtjs lgtarsactjrl`ias, ijqua sa `dust` ` i`s axpact`tlv`s oarlv`o`soa i` iltar`tur` sjhra cluo`oas.

Ai t`k`j as ug e`ctjr crtlcj p`r` oa-s`rrjii`r acjgjk`s oa `fijkar`clg, yugj oa ijs prlgclp`ias ratjs ` ijs qua sa

ageragt`g ast`s cjk`rc`s as qua i`s c`-plt`ias oa i` C@^U jcup`g ug` pjslclgpjcj raiav`gta ag ai slstak` urh`gj au-rjpaj, oahloj ` su raouclo` k`s` crtlc`agtra i`s cluo`oas raflg. Ag rai`clg cjgasta tak`, Kaldar at `i. (8>>2) racjklag-o`g qua i`s tras cluo`oas tr`h`dag ag raohusc`goj acjgjk`s oa asc`i` y oas`rrj-ii`goj cjkpiakagt`rlao`oas.

Ag i`s cjk`rc`s lgoustrl`ias sa b`g ol-earagcl`oj olstlgtjs parelias ag rai`clgcjg i` lggjv`clg, ij qua fagar` ug cjg-taxtj p`r` ai hagcbk`rmlgfagtra i`s kls-k`s. Slakpra taglagoj ag cuagt` quac`o` cjk`rc` oaha tagar ug` astr`tafl``o`pt`o` ` su aspaclff clo`o y qua gj b`yracat`s glc`s vilo`s p`r` tjojs ag ai oa-

s`rrjiij ijc`i.Ag cjgcratj, ai ratj p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s

oa @itj Oah` y H`dj Oah` oahar` sar ra-ejrz`r sus ejrt`iaz`s `ctu`ias, kadjr`goj i`lgtar`cclg agtra i`s akpras`s y i`s lger`-astructur`s tacgjiflc`s. @erjgt`g ug ratjolecli, cjgsloar`goj qua gj sa tr`t` oa c`-plt`ias oa prjvlgcl` y sjg cjk`rc`s rai`tl-v`kagta paqua`s, ij qua olff cuit` ai oa-

s`rrjiij oa olcb`s lger`astructur`s. Ai h`djfr`oj oa olg`klskj akpras`rl`i oatact`ojpjor` t`khlg sar ug` oahlilo`o oa c`r` `i

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3>0

C`p`clo`o oa lggjv`clg ijc`i4 ug` tlpjijf` p`r` i`s cjk`rc`s v`sc`s

k`gtaglklagtj oai glvai oa cjkpatltlvlo`oag ai euturj.

^`r` ai rastj oa cjk`rc`s lgoustrl`iasai prjfrasj acjgklcj y tacgjiflcj oa-

har` cjgcagtr`rsa ag oas`rrjii`r su c`p`-clo`o oa `hsjrclg y cra`clg oa cjgjcl-klagtj. _lagag ug t`k`j crtlcj raouclojp`r` oas`rrjii`r lger`astructur`s oa lggj-v`clg cjkj uglvarslo`oas j cagtrjs tac-gjiflcjs, pjr ij qua oahar`g oas`rrjii`rastr`tafl`s oa cjjpar`clg p`r` `yuo`r `i`s akpras`s ijc`ilz`o`s ag ast`s cjk`r-c`s ` hagaff cl`rsa oa i` lger`astructur` oa

lggjv`clg ijc`ilz`o` euar` oa i` cjk`r-c`. Cjkj Ijragtzag (8>>1) sa`i`, i` h`saoa ijs prjcasjs oa lggjv`clg ag ug` acj-gjk` cjkpatltlv` as i` hsquao` oa cj-gjclklagtj pjr p`rta oa i`s akpras`s lg-olvlou`ias, asta cjgjclklagtj r`r` vaz saagcjgtr`r ag i` cjk`rc`, parj puaoag `r-tlcui`rsa kac`glskjs ` glvai cjk`rc`i p`r`e`clilt`r ai `ccasj `i klskj sjhra tjoj ` i`s

akpras`s oa kagjr t`k`j.

Qgj oa ijs rasuit`ojs jhtaglojs qua ra-euarz` i` loa` oa batarjfagalo`o ` glvai su-hrafljg`i as i` parslstagcl` oa i`s cjk`rc`srur`ias, ug` oa i`s cu`ias kuastr` rasuit`-ojs pjsltlvjs oahloj ` ug sactjr, vlgcui`ojcjg ai prlk`rlj, qua as fijh`ikagta cjk-patltlvj. Ai ratj p`r` ast`s cjk`rc`s oaha-r` sar i` cra`clg oa jpjrtuglo`oas p`r` ra-tagar ` i` fagta djvag. As gacas`rlj erag`rai oacilva oa i` pjhi`clg rur`i, a lgcjrpjr`rpjhi`clg djvag ` tr`vs oa i` cra`clg oaagtjrgjs e`vjr`hias y parspactlv`s oa euturjag ai sactjr prlk`rlj, cjgactgojij y cra`g-oj slgarfl`s cjg jtr`s `ctlvlo`oas (turlskj,`rta atc.).

I` cjgciuslg ff g`i oaspus oa `g`ilz`rijs olstlgtjs tlpjs oa cjk`rc`s ag rai`clgcjg i` lggjv`clg as qua t`i y cjkj _-otilgf y _rlppi (8>>1) sa`i`g Qg` t`ii`gj sa `dust` ` tjojs y qua gacaslt`kjs`v`gz`r ag i` lgvastlf`clg p`r` agtagoarcuias sjg i`s uglo`oas tarrltjrl`ias raia-

v`gtas ag c`o` c`sj.

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XAEAXAGCL@S HLHILJFXELC@S

@r`gtz` Tuhl`urra Fjag`, Mrlstlg` T`h`i` Harrljz`h`i, Klrag I`rra` @r`gfurag

@CS, T.D. \@QOXA_SCB, O.H. (0>1)4 Lggjv`tljgStragftbs `go Va`mgassas. Aurjpa`g _ragoCb`rt jg Lggjv`tljg.

@QOXA_SCBO. H. (02)4 _ba ileacycia je rafljgs. CA^X Olscus-sljg ^`par, 5616

@SBALK, H. (8>>6)4 Slstak`s rafljg`ias oa lggjv`-clg y h`sas oa cjgjclklagtj olearagcl`o`s4 ugk`rcj tarlcj `g`itlcj, 51-2< ag HQAS@, K. \

BALDS, D. (cjjro.) Slstak`s rafljg`ias oa lggjv`-clg4 guav`s ejrk`s oa `gilsls y kaolclg. K`-orlo4 Eugo`clg oa i`s C`d`s oa @bjrrjs.

@SBALK, H. \FAX_IAX, K. (8>>1)4 _ba Fajfr`pby jeLggjv`tljg. Xafljg`i Lggjv`tljg Systaks, 8>3)4 Fajfr`pblas je prjouctljg4frjwtb raflkas lg sp`tl`i parspactlva (L)- lggjv`-tljg, lgstltutljgs `go sjcl`i systaks. ^rjfrass lgBuk`g Fajfr`pby, 86, 54 653-662

8>>?4 Fajfr`pblas je prjouctljg4 frjwtb ra-flkas lg sp`tl`i parspactlva (LL) mgjwiaofa cra-`tljg `go frjwtb lg ciustars. ^rjfrass lg Buk`gFajfr`pby8?-805.

HLIH@J-JSJXLJ, H. \ XJOXFQAT-^JSA, @. (8>>?)4Erjk X&O tj Lggjv`tljg `go Acjgjklc Frjwtb lgtba AQ, Frjwtb `go Cb`gfa 31, ?, ?3?-?11.

HXQLDG, . \I@FAGOLDM, @. (8>>1)4 Xafljg`i Lggjv`-tljg Systaks lg tba Ilshjg Str`tafy. Aurjpa`g^i`gglgf Stuolas,03, 24 0013-0068.

HXQGGAI, _.F. \ CJA, G.K. (8>>0)4 Sp`cas `gosc`ias je lggjv`tljg. ^rjfrass lg Buk`g Fajf-r`pby, 81 (?), 15

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