Corriente eléctrica y circuitos

7/30/2019 Corriente elctrica y circuitos

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BN_NOL NNOLWNQ]HF RNN

RNN ) OF[[NMEQM MHMOQ[NOL ^ ON[O]NQF_

RNN%< ) Netrfauoone

_m pumam ofiprfklr mxpmrnimetlhimetm qum lh pfemr me ofetlotf oumrpfs ofestntunafs pfr

amtmrinelafs iltmrnlhms sm prfauom uel trlesbmrmeonl am mhmotrfems am uef am mhhfs clonl mh

ftrf( ampmeanmetm am hl elturlhmzl am msfs iltmrnlhms( am ifaf qum lh smplrlrhfs qumale

olrdlafs mhotrnolimetm( uef emdltnvf( mh qum prmsmetl mxomsf am mhmotrfems( y ftrfpfsntnvf( mh qum qumal ofe ambmotf am mhmotrfems%

Bndurl


2/25

oulh sm olrdl emdltnvlimetm pfr mxomsf am mhmotrfems( qumaleaf mh ftrf mxtrmif ofe

ambmotf am mhmotrfems y pfr hf tletf olrdlaf pfsntnvlimetm%

_n( me oliknf( mh oumrpf qum sm lomrol pfsmm olrdl pfsntnvl stm ltrlm l hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms(

hfs qum indrle metfeoms clstl mh mxtrmif amh iltmrnlh is omrolef lh oumrpf olrdlaf( mhoulh pfr hf tletf sm olrdl emdltnvlimetm pfr mxomsf am mhmotrfems( qumaleaf mh ftrf

mxtrmif ofe ambmotf am mhmotrfems y pfr hf tletf olrdlaf pfsntnvlimetm%Mstm ifvninmetf am mhmotrfems suomam me ue tnmipf iuy krmvm%

Hls bndurls sndunmetms iumstrle mh bmeimef amsornptf letmrnfrimetm%

Bndurl ?%4

_n mh trfzf am iltmrnlh sm sfimtm sniuhtemlimetm l hl netmrloone ofe ue oumrpf pfsntnvf y

ftrf emdltnvf me olal mxtrmif( hfs mbmotfs sm suile%

Bndurl 1%4

Mstm bmeimef sm amefinel neauoone mhotrnol( yl qum hfs oumrpfs olrdlafs neauome mh

ifvninmetf y rmframelinmetf am hls olrdls mhotrnols me mh iltmrnlh ofeauotfr mxpumstf% Hlolrdl amh ofeauotfr sm rmframel am ifaf qum sm mstlkhmom me ue mxtrmif ue pfhf am

olrdl emdltnvl y me mh ftrf ue pfhf am olrdl pfsntnvl%

Mh trlshlaf am hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms niphnol qum uef am hfs mxtrmifs amh iltmrnlh prmsmetm

mxomsf am mhhfs( olrdl emdltnvl( inmetrls qum me mh ftrf mxtrmif sm vmrnbnol ambmotf #blhtl.

am hfs insifs( olrdl pfsntnvl( ef fkstletm hf oulh tfaf mh iltmrnlh sndum snmeaf emutrf ylqum hl suil lhdmkrlnol am hls olrdls prmsmetms al ofif rmsuhtlaf uel olrdl emtl euhl(tletf letms ofif amspus am hl neauoone%

Ms nipfrtletm smlhlr qum letm oulhqunmr bfril dmfitrnol amh trfzf am iltmrnlh ofeauotfr

mh bmeimef am neauoone ms mh insif%


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Bndurl =%4

_n lelhnzlifs mh krmvsnif pmrfaf am tnmipf me qum sm iumvme hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms efs

meofetrlrmifs ofe qum sm prfauom ue ifvninmetf framelaf am mhmotrfems( ms amonr( smprmsmetl ue bhujf am mhmotrfems( uel ofrrnmetm am mhmotrfems( hfs qum tnmeame l ifvmrsm memh insif smetnaf%_n hfs oumrpfs qum prfauome hl neauoone me mh iltmrnlh ofeauotfr amknaf l su olrdl

pfsntnvl f emdltnvl tlikne bumrle suinamrfs y bumetms am mhmotrfems rmspmotnvlimetm( ms

amonr( sn mh oumrpf pfsntnvf olpturlrl mhmotrfems y mh emdltnvf hnkmrlrl mhmotrfems pfarlifs

hfdrlr ue bhujf ofetneuf am hfs insifs me mh iltmrnlh ofeauotfr% Wlrl mstf hfs oumrpfs

amkmrle mstlr me ofetlotf ofe mh iltmrnlh ofeauotfr( y lamis ef pmramr su mxomsf am

olrdl yl qum hl insil me mh oumrpf pfsntnvf ansineuym letm mh nedrmsf am mhmotrfems y me mhemdltnvf ansineuym su olrdl emdltnvl lh omamr mhmotrfems%

Nildnemifs( plrl hl Bndurl =%4( qum L y K tnmeme uel drle oletnala am olrdl( am ifaf qumpfalifs pmeslr qum L ms uel bumetm neldftlkhm am mhmotrfems y qum K ms ue suinamrf ammhmotrfems( tlikne neldftlkhm%

Ouleaf pfedlifs me ofetlotf L( K y mh ofeauotfr ontlaf( mh bhujf am mhmotrfems fourrnr me

bfril ofetneul( pmrf ef ms pfsnkhm me hl protnol hfdrlr hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol am mstl bfril(

ef ms pfsnkhm louiuhlr hl olrdl emomslrnl me hfs vfhimems qum hl protnol rmqunmrm%_n ms pfsnkhm mstlkhmomr snstmils qum vlyle prfauonmeaf hls olrdls mhotrnols l imanal qumsm ldftle%

Mstf sm hfdrl sn pfr lhde imolensif hfs mhmotrfems qum nedrmsle lh oumrpf pfsntnvf sfe

trlshlalafs lh oumrpf emdltnvf( hfdreafsm hls ofeanonfems ontlals y pfr hf tletf mh

mstlkhmoninmetf am uel ofrrnmetm mhotrnol ofetneul%

]e mhmimetf am onrountf ofefonaf ofif bumetm am memrdl mhotrnol( uel pnhl pfr mjmiphf(prfauom mh mbmotf ontlaf letmrnfrimetm imanletm imolensifs am xnaf rmauoone am susofipfemetms%


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Bndurl 2%4

Mh onrountf mhotrnof qum cmifs ofebfrilaf ms emomslrnlimetm ofetneuf( omrrlaf% _n smmeofetrlrl lknmrtf me lhde puetf hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol ef sm mstlkhmom( lplrmonmeaf

sfhlimetm mh bmeimef am neauoone mhotrnol amsorntf letmrnfrimetm%

Bndurl 4%4

_m amefinel netmrruptfr lh mhmimetf amh onrountf ouyl bueone ofesnstm me lkrnr f omrrlr lhinsif%Ms nipfrtletm eftlr qum ouleaf omrrlifs ue onrountf mhotrnof( pfr mjmiphf l trlvs am

ue netmrruptfr( hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol sm mstlkhmom sniuhtemlimetm me tfafs hfs puetfs amh

insif%

Hfs eohmfs ltinofs prmsmetms me mh iltmrnlh( ouyl olrdl ms pfsntnvl( sm meoumetrle bnjfs me

hl mstruoturl amh insif( pfr hf qum hls enols olrdls susomptnkhms am ifvmrsm sfe hfs

mhmotrfems hnkrms( hfs qum lh meofetrlrsm sfimtnafs l uel bumrzl sm lomhmrle%Ms ofevmenmetm nesnstnr me mh cmocf am qum ls ofif hls olrdls emdltnvls me hfs oumrpfs sm

amkme l mxomsf am mhmotrfems( hls olrdls pfsntnvls sfe mh rmsuhtlaf am blhtl am mhmotrfems%

_n lh mstlkhmomrsm uel ofrrnmetm mhotrnol hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms ef meofetrlrle fkstouhfs( sus

vmhfonalams luimetlrle pmrilemetmimetm( hf oulh ef sm vmrnbnol mxpmrnimetlhimetm( pfr

hf qum sm nebnmrm qum mstfs mhmotrfems me su ifvninmetf ocfole ofetrl eohmfs ltinofs f

mhmotrfems bnjfs amh iltmrnlh( y qum amspus am olal ocfqum su vmhfonala rmsuhtl me

prfimanf euhl ofetneuleaf ue eumvf trlymotf lomhmrlaf clstl mh sndunmetm ocfqum( am ifaf

qum ilorfsopnolimetm prmsmetle uel rlpnamz ofestletm( qum sm amefinel vmhfonala amamrnvl%


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Hfs mhmotrfems omame memrdl l hfs eohmfs f l hfs mhmotrfems bnjfs me hfs ocfqums

imeonfelafs( hfs qum ofif rmsuhtlaf am stfs vnkrle lhrmamafr am su puetf am mqunhnkrnf

ofe ilyfr liphntua( hf oulh niphnol qum sm neormimetl hl tmipmrlturl amh iltmrnlh pfr

meonil am hl tmipmrlturl liknmetm( amtmrineeafsm hl omsne am olhfr amsam mh iltmrnlhclonl mh imanf%

Mstl memrdl me tresntf amknaf l uel anbmrmeonl am tmipmrlturl( qum amefinelifs olhfr( smprfauom l mxpmesls amh ifvninmetf mhmotrenof( mh oulh l su vmz sm amkm l hl prmsmeonl am hl

bumetm am memrdl mhotrnol( hl qum lpfrtl hl memrdl louiuhlal me mhhl% Rmifs ls qum( me

hls ofeanonfems ontlals letmrnfrimetm( hl memrdl mhotrnol sm trlesbfril me olhfr%

Mstm ifamhf( mstl bfril me qum nebmrnifs qum fourrm mstm bmeimef me mh netmrnfr amhofeauotfr( ofesnstmetm me nildnelr hl mxnstmeonl am mhmotrfems hnkrms( y hl trlesbmrmeonl am

memrdl onetnol am hfs insifs lh iltmrnlh imanletm ocfqums ofe sus eohmfs ltinofs f

sus mhmotrfems bnjfs( ms uel prnimrl lprfxnilone qum rmsuhtl iuy tnh y subnonmetm plrl hfs

bnems prmsmetms%

L mstl olplonala amh iltmrnlh am prmsmetlr fkstouhfs lh bhujf am hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms y

ansnplr memrdl me bfril am olhfr hl amefinelrmifs rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol%Ms emomslrnf ofevmenr sikfhfs l bne am hfdrlr mofefil y sniphnonala me hl rmprmsmetloneam hfs mhmimetfs am ue onrountf mhotrnof%

Hfs sikfhfs emomslrnfs l mstl lhturl sfe:

Bumetm am memrdl mhotrnol + ) MMh smdimetf is hlrdf rmprmsmetl mh Qmrinelh pfsntnvf y mh is ofrtf mh emdltnvf

[msnstmeonl mhotrnol [

Netmrruptfrms _

Wfr mjmiphf( plrl mh onrountf am hl bndurl sndunmetm rmsuhtl ofevmenmetm snikfhnzlr hl

rmsnstmeonl am tfaf mh onrountf ofif ofeometrlal me mh hudlr afeam sm ofhfqum mh sikfhf(

inmetrls qum hfs trlzfs rmotfs rmprmsmetle ofemotfrms( tlikne ofeauotfrms( ouyl

rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol sm ofesnamrl euhl% L imeuaf me hfs onrountfs mhotrnofs hfs vlhfrms amrmsnstmeonl am rmsnstfrms sfe smesnkhmimetm ilyfrms qum hfs ofrrmspfeanmetms l hfs

ofemotfrms% Humdf( sn neofrpfrlifs ue netmrruptfr tmearmifs mh onrountf ifstrlaf me hl

Bndurl 3%4%

Bndurl 3%4


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Lh omrrlr mh onrountf imanletm mh netmrruptfr _ onrouhl uel ofrrnmetm ofevmeonfelh N slhnmetm

amh pfsntnvf am hl bumetm y metrletm lh emdltnvf am hl insil( me smetnaf cfrlrnf% Me rmlhnala

hl ofrrnmetm mhmotrenol prmsmetl smetnaf letncfrlrnf%

Ms nipfrtletm eftlr qum oulhqunmrl sml hl lphnolone am hl memrdl mhotrnol lh imefs uelplrtm am stl sm trlesbfrilr me olhfr pfr mh bmeimef amsorntf letmrnfrimetm%

RNN%; ) Ofrrnmetm Mhotrnol

Hl Ofrrnmetm Mhotrnol sm ambnem plrl oulhqunmr imanf ofeauotfr: imtlh( dls( sfhuonfems

mhmotrfhtnols( luequm me mstl nestleonl sm lkfralr hl ofeauoone mhotrnol me imtlhms me

plrtnouhlr%

[msuhtl ofevmenmetm ambnenr l hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol ofif hl oletnala am olrdl qum ltrlvnmsl

mh rml trlesvmrslh am ue ofeauotfr me hl uenala am tnmipf( ms amonr:

%4

Mh anbmrmeonlh am olrdl hnkrm qum ofetnmem mh anbmrmeonlh am vfhime aR me hl Bndurl >%4

pumam mxprmslrsm ofif:

;%4ahLEqaq 9

at

aqN 9


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Afeam :

q : olrdl am olal pfrtlafr am olrdl # O.

E : eimrf am pfrtlafrms am olrdl pfr uenala am vfhuime #< & i?.L : rml trlesvmrslh amh ofeauotfr #i

;.

ah : anbmrmeonlh am hfedntua amh ofeauotfr #i.Eftlr qum L%ah ms ue anbmrmeonlh am vfhuime

E ms olrlotmrstnof am olal iltmrnlh y plrl mh olsf am hfs imtlhms ms mh eimrf am mhmotrfems

hnkrms pfr uenala am vfhime%

q: plrl mh olsf am hfs imtlhms ms hl olrdl amh mhmotre( su iauhf

_n sm ofesnamrl qum mh anbmrmeonlh am olrdl hnkrm ifstrlaf letmrnfrimetm ltrlvnmsl mh rml

trlesvmrslh L me ue anbmrmeonlh am tnmipf at sm tnmem qum hf clom ofe uel vmhfonala:

\um ms hl vmhfonala emtl me hl anrmoone am hl ofrrnmetm( amefinelal vmhfonala amamrnvl%Mstm efikrm prfvnmem amh cmocf am qum mh ifvninmetf am hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms me hlanrmoone amsornptl sm supmrpfem lh ifvninmetf lzlrfsf dmemrlh qum prmsmetle y qum pumam

lsninhlrsm lh am hls ifhouhls am ue dls% Wfr hf oulh mh ifvninmetf me mh smetnaf amh mjmlxnlh amh ofeauotfr am hl bndurl letmrnfr ms mh rmsuhtlaf emtf am ue ifvninmetf iuocf is

ofiphmjf%

Me hl Bndurl


8/25

[mmiphlzleaf mh aq clhhlaf me hl mxprmsne letmrnfr me


9/25

Me ofesmoumeonl:

J 9 d % M =%4

Hl mxprmsne letmrnfr ms ofefonal ofif hl Hmy Inorfsopnol am Fci( ltmeanmeaf lhcmocf am qum mh olipf mhotrnof M sm ambnem plrl olal puetf amh iltmrnlh y pfr hf tletf hlamesnala am ofrrnmetm mhotrnol tlikne qum al ambnenal me olal puetf%

Me hl Bndurl


10/25

Hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol N ms anrmotlimetm prfpfronfelh l hl anbmrmeonl am pftmeonlh Rm( subumrzl nipuhsfrl( ms amonr l ilyfr Rm ilyfr N( m nevmrslimetm prfpfronfelh lh ofejuetf

#h & d%L.( lh qum sm hf amefinel rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol #[.%

2%4

L ilyfr hfedntua amh ofeauotfr #h. ilyfr oletnala am ocfqums ( l ilyfr rml trlesvmrslhamh ofeauotfr #L. ilyfr msplonf anspfenkhm plrl mh plsljm am hfs mhmotrfems hnkrms( l ilyfr

ofeauotnvnala mhotrnol imefr rmsntmeonl lh plsljm am mhmotrfems%

Hl rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol pumam smr mxprmslal tlikne me bueone am hl rmsnstnvnala #.( qumsm ambnem ofif 9 < & d

4%4

Humdf: 3%4 qum ms hl Hmy Ilorfsopnol am Fci

Hl oulh ms vhnal plrl ue imanf hnemlh y mxprmsl qum hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol ms anrmotlimetm

prfpfronfelh l hl anbmrmeonl am pftmeonlh metrm hfs mxtrmifs amh iltmrnlh am qum sm trltm m

nevmrslimetm prfpfronfelh l su rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol%Hl uenala am rmsnstmeonl mhotrnol ms mh fci y sm snikfhnzl ( tlh qum uel rmsnstmeonl am <

ms lqumhhl qum letm uel anbmrmeonl am pftmeonlh am < R prmsmetl uel ofrrnmetm am < L%

Humdf hls uenalams am hl ofeauotnvnala d rmsuhtle:

d 9 #h & [%L. 9 i&%i; 9

)


11/25

: rmsnstnvnala l uel tmipmrlturl t

7 : rmsnstnvnala l uel tmipmrlturl am rmbmrmeonl tf 9 ;7 O( prfpnl amh iltmrnlh

: ofmbnonmetm am vlrnlone am hl rmsnstnvnala ofe hl tmipmrlturl( prfpnf amh iltmrnlh( yOuyl uenala ms


12/25

RNN%4 ) Ifamhf Ohsnof am hl Ofeauoone Mhotrnol

Hl vmhfonala rmlh am ue mhmotre hnkrm me ue imtlh ms iuy mhmvlal( ms hl vmhfonala amh

ifvninmetf oltnof amh insif me tfals anrmoonfems( qum niphnol uel pmquml m supmrpfemvmhfonala am amrnvl me hfs olsfs me qum mst prmsmetm uel ofrrnmetm mhotrnol%

_n sm lsuim qum hl vmhfonala oulartnol imanl am hfs mhmotrfems me ue imtlh mst alal pfr

hl mxprmsne amauonal imanletm hl Qmfrl Onetnol lphnolal l hls ifhouhls am ue dls( sm

meoumetrl qum hl insil l ;= O ms amh frame am :

s

i

i

Q`R

m

oi

=


13/25

Hl lomhmrlone ms:

mm

m

i

Mq

i

B

l%

99

^ rmmiphlzleaf hl lomhmrlone me hl mxprmsne letmrnfr:

ti

Mqv

m

%%

9

_n sm ofesnamrl qum mh tnmipf t am mstl mxprmsne rmprmsmetl mh tnmipf imanf metrm

ocfqums( hl vmhfonala v ms hl vmhfonala am amrnvl kusolal%

Humdf ms pfsnkhm rmmiphlzlr v am hl mxprmsne letmrnfr me hl 1%4 ofrrmspfeanmetm l hl

amesnala am ofrrnmetm mhotrnol%

^ rmframeleaf:

Mh tnmipf imanf metrm ocfqums sm pumam mxprmslr me bueone amh olinef hnkrm imanf #h.

#hfedntua qum rmofrrm mh mhmotre me prfimanf metrm afs ocfqums. y hl vmhfonala oulartnol

imanl f trinol f lhmltfrnl #voi.%

[mmiphlzleaf:

oivi

MEqJ

%

%


14/25

Olhouhf am hl ofeauotnvnala mhotrnol plrl ue alaf iltmrnlh l tmipmrlturl liknmetm y

ofiplrlone amh vlhfr clhhlaf ofe hl ofeauotnvnala mxpmrnimetlh tlkuhlal%

Ofrrmoonfems lh Ifamhf Ohsnof am hl ofeauoone mhotrnol

Nevmstndlr pfr qu mh Ifamhf Ohsnof ef sm ljustl tftlhimetm l hl mxpmrnmeonl%\u ofrrmoonfems sm amkm clomr l hl huz am hfs ofefoninmetfs qum krneal hl Imoenol

Ouetnol6

RNN%3 [msnstmeonls mhotrnols me smrnm

Afs f is rmsnstmeonls ofemotlals uel l ofetneulone am hl ftrl ofebfrile ue onrountf

amefinelaf me smrnm( tlh ofif sm iumstrl me hl bndurl

Bndurl


15/25

N%[mq 9


16/25

N 9 #


17/25

Bndurl


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Bndurl


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Bndurl %4

Hfs trlifs am ue onrountf qum ofinmezle me ue efaf y tmrinele me ftrf sm amefinele

rlils%Me mh prnimr mjmiphf sm vmrnbnole trms rlils%

Bndurl ;7%4

^ focf me mh smdueaf

Bndurl ;


20/25

Hls suiltfrnls am hls olals am pftmeonlh me uel ilhhl ms ndulh l hl suiltfrnl am hls

bumrzls mhmotrfiftrnoms me hl insil%

Rmn 9 n ;1%4

Mstl hmy ofestntuym hl lphnolone amh prneonpnf am ofesmrvlone am hl memrdl l hl ilhhl%Likls hmyms( lh smr lphnolals plrl rmsfhvmr ue onrountf( imrmome prmonsnfems me ouletf l

onmrtfs lspmotfs( neohuymeaf mh sndef am olal inmikrf am hls moulonfems( tfaf hf oulh sm

amsornknr l trlvs amh mjmiphf sndunmetm%

Mjmiphf

Alaf mh onrountf sndunmetm( clhhlr mh vlhfr am hl ofrrnmetm mhotrnol me olal olsf%

Bndurl ;;%4

Mstm onrountf pfsmm afs efafs y trms rlils pfr hf qum sm tnmem trms ofrrnmetms neodentls

plrl ouyl rmsfhuone sm emomsntl trms moulonfems%

Wrnimr plsf: phletmf am hls moulonfems am efafs

_m nametnbnol mh eimrf am efafs( e( y sm phletml hls moulonfems ofrrmspfeanmetms plrl e

Corriente eléctrica y circuitos

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