ALL ABOUT THE NETWORK

CRISTIAN MARTINEZ.10-3

ALL ABOUT THE NETWORK

1 What is a network?

A local area network or LAN (for the abbreviation of Local Area Network) is a computer network covering a small area of a house, an apartment or a building.

The network topology defines the structure of a network. One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is the actual layout of the wire or media. The other part is the logical topology, which defines how the hosts access the media to send data.

2 which they are the components of a network?

A computer network is connected both hardware and software. The hardware includes both network interface cards and cables that connect them, and the software includes drivers programs used to manage the devices and the network operating system that manages the network.

3 which are a network topologies?

Physical Topologies:

The bus topology: uses only one backbone cable that is terminated at both ends. All the hosts connect directly to this backbone. Its operation is simple and very easy to install, but is very sensitive to traffic problems and a failure or a break in the cable stops all transmissions.

A star topology: connects all nodes with a hub. The hub connects directly to the nodes, sending node information source, constituting a point to point network. If a node fails, the network continues to operate, but if the central node fails, the transmissions are interrupted.

An extended star topology: connects individual stars together by connecting hubs (hubs) or switches. This topology can extend the scope and coverage of the network.

A hierarchical topology: is similar to an extended star. But instead of linking the hubs or switches together, the system is connected to a computer that controls the traffic on the topology.

The mesh topology: is implemented to provide the greatest possible protection to avoid service interruption. Using a mesh topology in the networked control systems of a nuclear plant would be an excellent example. In this topology, each host has its own connections to all other hosts. Although the Internet has multiple paths to any one location, it does not adopt the full mesh topology.

The tree topology: has several terminals connected in a network that branches out from a database server. A failure or breakage in the cable interrupted transmissions.

Logical Topologies:

Broadcast topology: simply means that each host sends its data to all other hosts on the network medium. There is no order that the stations must follow to use the network. It is first come, Ethernet’s how it works.

Topology token: passing controls network access by passing an electronic token to each host sequentially. When a host receives the token, that host can send data over the network. If the host has no data to send, it passes the token to the next host and the process repeats.

4 Internet Protocol

Internet Protocol (in Spanish 'Protocolo de Internet) or IP is a communication protocol functionally classified digital data in the network layer according to the OSI model.

Its main function is bidirectional or from use in communication to transmit data through a connectionless packet switched protocol that transfers through different physical networks previously linked by the OSI data link standard