Diseño acústico de un estudio de grabación, con sala de control RFZ.

7/21/2019 Diseo acstico de un estudio de grabacin, con sala de control RFZ.

1/34

LBNT@YBI ID AJFDJAD[B^ Q NADJNAB^ BF[MSDNTB[ABÂJFDJAD[B ID ^MJAIM Q BN^YANB

IA^DM BN^YANM ID TJ D^YTIAM ID S[MITNNAJETÂNB@

NYDI[B LAJB@

AJLM[ED NM[[D^SMJIADJYDB @B EBYD[AB ID BA^@BEADJYM BN^YANM ID ÂF@B^ AD^


2/34

2. [dsuedj.-

Idjtrm id` ekatm id `b prmiunnaj eusanb` dxastdj ialdrdjtds bspdntms `ms nub`dsajlùydj iardntbedjtd dj ujm id `ms prajnapb`ds mkodtavms b idsbrrm``br, ds idnar `bprmiunnaj id` ebtdrab` id buiam dstrdm. Nbib bspdntm ds euy aepmrtbjtd b nmjsaidrbr,

pmr dodep`m `b nbàibi id `bs ajtdrlbnds id buiam, nmjdxamjds d`ntranbs, nbk`ds, dtn. âjdekbrfm ujb id `ms bspdntms lujibedjtb`ds idjtrm id dstms ekatms, ds `b bnstanb id`rdnajtm imjid sd idsbrrm``brb d` prmndsm pdrtajdjtd. Eungbs vdnds `bs nbrbntdrstanbs id`ms rdnajtms rd`bnamjbims b `b nbàibi id `b bnstanb id dstd sd dngb id edjms, smkrdtmim dj dstuiams pdqudms m nbsdrms. âj dekbrfm `b bnstanb oudfb uj pbpd` nrtanm dj`b nbàibi lajb` id` prmiuntm dstrdm, pmr `m nub` uj kudj iasdm bnstanm nmembrquatdntjanm ds tmtbèdjtd idsdbk`d dj dstms rdnajtms. Sbrb iasdbr dspbnams idianbimspbrb `b prmiunnaj eusanb` sd idkdj nmjsaidrbr ims bspdntms lujibedjtb`ds? d`bnmjianamjbeadjtm bnstanm qud dst àfbim iardntbedjtd b `b bnstanb ajtdramr id `b sb`by pmr mtrm `bim d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm qud sd idsdjvud`vd tbjtm b` ajtdramr nmem b`dxtdramr id` rdnajtm. Id tb` ebjdrb qud ediabjtd uj kudj bnmjianamjbeadjtm bnstanm sd`mfrbr uj dspbnam ajtdramr bnstanbedjtd nemim, nmj d` bas`beadjtm sd kusnb qud sdprdsdrvd d` bekadjtd bnstanm id nbib sb`b bides id dvatbr d` nbekam id dstmsbekadjtds pmr bfdjtds dxtdrjms b` rdnajtm nmem smj d` ruaim dxtdramr. Id dstb ebjdrb sdnmjsaidrbj bspdntms nmem d` usm id ebtdrab` bnstanm nmem `b `bjb id vairam m `bjb idrmnb gbstb jdmprdjms m nbungm, d` usm id ialusmrds bnstanms, d` usm id `bs lbemsbspbrdids imk`ds d ajnùsm sd nmjsaidrb `b dlanadjnab id` sastdeb id emjatmrdm djtrd mtrmsbspdntms, id dstb ebjdrb sd kusnb nmjsdfuar `ms edomrds rdsu`tbims dlanadjtdedjtd. D`safuadjtd trbkbom sd kbsb prdnasbedjtd dj d` iasdm id uj dstuiam id prmiunnaj eusanb`nbsdrm, dstm idkaim b qud sdr rdbàzbim dj ujb sb`b id iaedjsamjds rdiunaibs y smkrdtmim id ujb sb`b rdb` `m nub` aepànb qud b`fujms ibtms sdrj rdb`ds nmem pmr dodep`m`bs iaedjsamjds id` rdnajtm m d` sastdeb id emjatmrdm, saj dekbrfm eungbs id `bsnmjsaidrbnamjds id iasdm nbekabrj irstanbedjtd b `b dstrunturb id` rdnajtm. Frbjpbrtd id` trbkbom sd nmjndjtrb dj d` iasdm id `b sb`b id nmjtrm` `b nub` sdr id` tapm [L_qud pmr emtavms id dspbnam y nbrbntdrstanbs prmpabs id` iasdm sd gb nmjsaidrbim qudbpmrtb fdjdrmsbedjtd b `bs nbrbntdrstanbs bnstanbs id sb`b. B `m `brfm id` trbkbom sdprdsdjtbj bspdntms id iasdm nmem? `b lmreb id` nubrtm id nmjtrm` y id `ms nubrtms idfrbkbnaj, d` bas`beadjtm ajtdrjm id nbib rdnajtm. @b ukanbnaj id` sastdeb id emjatmrdmy su rdspdntavb saeu`bnaj ediabjtd tdmrb id rbyms, tbekaj sd edjnamjb d` iasdm id`bs pbrdids imk`ds id` rdnajtm tbjtm pbrb d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm ajtdrjm nmem dxtdrjm yid `ms d`dedjtms nmjstruntavms nmem vdjtbjbs y pudrtbs nmjsaidrbjim `b tdmrb jdndsbrabpbrb pmidr djtdjidr nem sdr d` nmepmrtbeadjtm dj `b rdbàibi y pmidr rdbàzbr uj

iasdm praeatavm pbrb ùdfm ediabjtd vb`mrds id bas`beadjtm bnstanm rdldrdjnab`ds idedianamjds id ebtdrab`ds saea`brds sd nmrrdfarj m sd edomrbrj `ms iasdms prdsdjtbimsajanabèdjtd. ^d edjnamjb `bs rbzmjds id `b ukanbnaj id ebtdrab`ds bnstanmsidstajbims pbrb d` bnmjianamjbeadjtm bnstanm tbjtm dj `bs sb`bs id frbkbnaj nmem idedzn`b. Q bs b `m `brfm id` trbkbom sd prdsdjtbj ialdrdjtds nratdrams rd`bnamjbims, nbkdidstbnbr qud tbekaj sd edjnamjb d` iasdm id` sastdeb id nàebtazbnaj qud sdrjdndsbram y su rdspdntavm sa`djnabimr bnstanm. Smr `taem b `m `brfm id` trbkbom prdsdjtbj rdnmedjibnamjds id iasdm bs nmem vb`mrds rdldrdjnab`ds bnstanms qud gbjsaim mktdjaims id ialdrdjtds butmrds id `b àtdrbturb qud rdspbìb d` iasdm y b` lajb` sdprdsdjtbj b`fujbs rdnmedjibnamjds fdjdrb`ds qud dj su ebymrb nmjsaidrbj qud sa sdnudjtb nmj uj ebymr prdsupudstm dnmjeanm pmirj ``dvbrsd b nbkm.


3/34

;. Mkodtavm Fdjdrb`?

Iasdbr uj rdnajtm idianbim pbrb `b prmiunnaj eusanb` nmjsaidrbjim bspdntmsrd`bnamjbims b` bnmjianamjbeadjtm y bas`beadjtm bnstanm id` rdnajtm nmem tb`.

>. Mkodtavms Dspdnlanms.- Iasdbr uj nubrtm id nmjtrm` tapm [L_ y bidnubr `bs sb`bs id frbkbnaj dj

lujnaj id dstd y id` dspbnam iaspmjak`d. Iasdbr d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm djtrd `bs sb`bs ajtdramrds, ds idnar djtrd `bs sb`bs

id frbkbnaj y d` nubrtm id nmjtrm`. âeu`br frlanbedjtd ediabjtd tdmrb id rbyms d` nmepmrtbeadjtm qud tdjir d`

smjaim idjtrm id` nubrtm id nmjtrm` y su rdjiaeadjtm. Kusnbr `b edomr ukanbnaj id` sastdeb id emjatmrdm id tb` ebjdrb qud sd pudib

mktdjdr d` ebymr rdjiaeadjtm id dstms. Bpànbr tdmrb id iasdm id nbobs d`dntrmbnstanbs pbrb nm`mnbr b` sastdeb id

emjatmrdm id ebjdrb nmrrdntb dj `bs pbrdids id` nubrtm id nmjtrm`. Iasdbr uj sastdeb id pbrdi imk`d tbjtm pbrb d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm tbjtm

ajtdrjm nmem dxtdrjm nmjsaidrbjim ialdrdjtds vbrabk`ds nmem d` bjngm id `bsebsbs y `b iastbjnab id sdpbrbnaj djtrd dstbs.

Iasdbr uj sastdeb id vdjtb imk`d pbrb ujb sb`bi d frbkbnaj. Iasdbr d` sastdeb id vdjta`bnaj jdndsbram pbrb `b rdstburbnaj id bard id `bs

trds sb`bs. Iasdbr trbepbs id kbom pbrb `b sb`b id nmjtrm`. Ttaàzbr dspbnams àkrds nmem d` tdngm pbrb d` nmjtrm` id kbob lrdnudjnab. Kusnbr `b edomr ukanbnaj id `ms pbjd`ds id bksmrnaj y ialusaj bnstanb dj

kbsd b `ms rdqudraeadjtms id `b sb`b [L_. Tsbr id `b edomr ebjdrb `bs nbrbntdrstanbs brquatdntjanbs qud jm pudidj sdr

nbekabibs pmr dodep`m `b lmreb arrdfu`br id` tdngm.

9. Oustalanbnaj.-

@b bnstanb id uj rdnajtm idstajbim pbrb `b prmiunnaj eusanb` sd nmjsaidrb nmem idvatb` aepmrtbjnab pbrb pmidr fdjdrbr uj bekadjtd bidnubim pbrb dldntubr prmndsms idfrbkbnaj nmem id edzn`b. Ruaz d` rdnajtm es nrtanm ds d` nubrtm id nmjtrm` djdstuiams nbsdrms, dj d` nub` ds jdndsbram nrdbr ujb zmjb àkrd id rdl`dxamjds tdeprbjbsnmj d` laj id dvatbr d` lbemsm la`trm pdajd y bides sd idkd nmjtrm`br `b kbob lrdnudjnabqud ds prdimeajbjtd dj dstd tapm id rdnajtms. Dstms y es prmk`debs pudidj sdr trbtbimsediabjtd ialdrdjtds nratdrams id iasdm rd`bnamjbims b` bnmjianamjbeadjtm nmem b`bas`beadjtm bnstanm. Ds pmr d``m qud d` iasdm bnstanm id uj rdnajtm idkd sdrnmjsaidrbim nmem `b padirb bjfu`br id` prmndsm id prmiunnaj id` ebtdrab` id buiamdstrdm. Q idkd sdr d` praedr bspdntm b nmjsaidrbr dj `b dtbpb id nmjstrunnaj, qud vastmid ebjdrb fdjdrb`, idkdrb sdr bpànbim dj nub`quadr dialanbnaj brquatdntjanb.

4. Gaptdsas.-

Ediabjtd d` usm id nratdrams id bas`beadjtm y bnmjianamjbeadjtm bnstanm, sd

pudidj nrdbr `bs nmjianamjds bnstanbs jdndsbrabs pbrb qud uj rdnajtm sdb usbimpbrb `ms iastajtms prmndsms id `b prmiunnaj eusanb`.


4/34

. Djbid`bjtd sd usbr janbedjtd `b pb`bkrb emjatmrds pbrb gbndr b`usaj b` sastdeb idemjatmrdm buiatavm.

Iasdm id` nubrtm id nmjtrm`.Dstd rdnajtm ds d` es aepmrtbjtd idjtrm id uj dstuiam id prmiunnaj eusanb`, idkaim bqud sdr d` ndjtrm id mpdrbnamjds id `ms nubrtms id frbkbnaj. Bides sa sd nmjsaidrbqud idjtrm id dstd nubrtm sd djnudjtrb `b nmjsm`b id edzn`b bs nmem `ms ialdrdjtdsiaspmsatavms pbrb ebjapu`br `bs sdb`ds qud sdrj frbkbibs idsid mtrms nubrtms. Dstdnubrtm idkd pmsddr ialdrdjtds nbrbntdrstanbs bnstanbs nrtanbs qud idkdj sdr tmebibs

nmj eungm nuaibim nmjsaidrbjim `ms nmrrdntms d`dedjtms id iasdm tbjtm idbnmjianamjbeadjtm nmem id bas`beadjtm bnstanm.

2. Lmreb id` rdnajtm.@b lmreb id` nubrtm id nmjtrm` ds `b pbrtd es d`dedjtb` id` iasdm idkaim b qud dst vbb idtdreajbr eungms pbredtrms tbjtm bnstanms nmem brquatdntjanms. Djtmjnds dsjdndsbram pbrtar idsid dstb nbrbntdrstanb. Sbrb depdzbr sd idkd nmjsaidrbr qud d` nubrtmid nmjtrm` jdndsatb id ujb nbrbntdrstanb dsdjnab` y ds qud dj uj idtdreajbim id `b sb`bdxastb `m qud sd nmjmnd nmem d` pujtm iu`nd. Dj dstd pujtm idkd gbndr `b ebymrnbjtaibi id smjaim iardntm idsid d` sastdeb id emjatmrdm buiatavm, sd idkd nuaibreungm id `bs rdl`dxamjds tdeprbjbs, yb qud dstbs pudidj sdr euy idstruntavbs dj d`

smjaim idjtrm id` pujtm iu`nd. Nmem sd gb pudstm dj dvaidjnab, `b lmreb id` nubrtm dstdj rd`bnaj iardntb nmj `bs rdl`dxamjds qud sd prmiunarj idjtrm id dstb sb`b y pmr djid


5/34

nmj d` sastdeb id emjatmrdm buiatavm. Bjtds id pbrtar nmj d` iasdm sd prdsdjtb ujbaebfdj nmj `b lmreb id `b sb`b dxastdjtd, emid`m id` nub` sdr pbrtd b idnaiar `b ukanbnajid` nubrtm id nmjtrm`?


6/34

@b sb`b nmem sd pudid vdr pmsdd ujb lmreb rdntbjfu`br nmjsaidrbk`dedjtd `brfb ybides `b lmreb id` tdngm ds arrdfu`br y `m sulanadjtdedjtd b`tb `m nub` gbnd id dstb sb`buj satam ta` pbrb d` iasdm id uj nubrtm id nmjtrm`. Bides sd pudid vdr qud `b sb`b jm

ds nmep`dtbedjtd rdntbjfu`br yb qud uj ujm id sus `bims sd djnudjtrb ujb ajnàjbnaj.@bs iaedjsamjds id `b sb`b smj?B`tm (pbrtd es b`tb id` tdngm)? >.;9 e@brfm? 6.7 eBjngm? >.31 eNmjsaidrbjim djtmjnds `b lmreb id` nubrtm y sus iaedjsamjds, djtmjnds sd prmndid brdbàzbr d` iasdm, d` nub` sdr id` tapm [L_( zmjb àkrd id rdl`dxamjds) d` nub` sdnmjsaidrb es aijdm pbrb `b sb`b idkaim b qud dxastd d` sulanadjtd dspbnam pbrb sunmjstrunnaj. Tjb sb`b id nmjtrm` [L_, ds uj rdnajtm d` nub` pmr su lmreb pmàfmjb`prdsdjtb ujb nbrbntdrstanb euy ta` y ds qud djvb gbnab `b pbrtd pmstdramr b `brdl`dxamjds tdeprbjbs id `bs pbrdids `btdrb`ds idsid `b ukanbnaj id `ms emjatmrds. Djpbrtd trbsdrb sd djnudjtrbj ukanbims ialusmrds bnstanms `ms nub`ds b` ``dfbr `bsrdl`dxamjds fdjdrbj dj tmib d` rdb id` usubram uj nbepm ialusm d` nub` dvatb `b nrdbnajid dnms l`mtbjtds bides id aefdjds dstrdm lb`sbs y emims jmreb`ds idjtrm id `b sb`b,ajnùsavd pmr dxpdraedjtms psanmbnstanms ds nmeprmkbim qud uj rdnajtm nmj ialusajds buiatavbedjtd es bfrbibk`d pbrb d` sdr guebjm tb` nmem sd dxprdsb dj d` àkrmBnmustan Bksmrkdrs bji Iallusdrs id Y.Nmx y S. IBjtmjam(;339, pp.92-9;). Bnmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb uj rdnajtm nmj iasdm [L_?

Dj nubjtm b` emjatmrdm sd rdladrd, pbrb d` iasdm sd nmjsaidrb qud `ms b`tbvmnds idkdjdstbr nm`mnbims ujb iastbjnab dj `b nub` `ms smjaims fdjdrbims pmr `ms ialdrdjtdspbr`bjtds yb sd gbybj ajtdfrbim. Q bides sd idkd nmjsaidrbr uj jfu`m id


7/34

Nmj `bs nmjsaidrbnamjds bjtdramrds, djtmjnds sd rdb`az d` iasdm id `b dstrunturb ajtdrjbid` nubrtm id nmjtrm` ukanbjim dj d` ndjtrm id` rdnajtm pbrb gbndr usm id `b pbrtd vdrtanb`id dstb. B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb ujb aebfdj id `b dstrunturb?


8/34

Nmem sd pudid jmtbr `b sb`b id nmjtrm` pmsdd ujb lmreb pmàfmjb`, dstb nmem sd gbnmedjtbim bjtds djvb `bs rdl`dxamjds prmiunaibs pmr d` b`tbvmz, gbnab `b pbrtd trbsdrb id`b sb`b, dj imjid sd nm`mnbrj ialusmrds bnstanms. Ybekaj sd pudid jmtbr d` dspbnamidstajbim pbrb `ms b`tbvmnds d` nub` sdr dxpànbim dj idtb``d es bid`bjtd.

; Ydmrb id rbyms dj d` nubrtm id nmjtrm`.Nmjsaidrbjim qud dj d` dspbnam id `ms pbr`bjtds sd fdjdrbrj mjibs smjmrbs qud sdrjdjvabibs b tmibs pbrtds id `b sb`b, sd gbnd usm id `b tdmrb id rbyms pbrb pmidr prdidnard` nmepmrtbeadjtm id` smjaim idjtrm id` rdnajtm. @b tdmrb id rbyms nmjsaidrb b` smjaimnmem uj rbym d` nub` sd rdl`dob dspdnu`bredjtd dj nub`quadr supdrlanad qud ``dfb tmnbr.Dstb tdmrb ksanbedjtd byuib b djnmjtrbr y smùnamjbr prmk`debs bnstanmsrd`bnamjbims nmj `b lmreb id uj rdnajtm. Ediabjtd dstb tdmrb lnaèdjtd sd pudiddjnmjtrbr prmk`debs id dnms l`mtbjtds y bides sd pudid bprmxaebr ajianbimrds nmem

d` Y


9/34

Nmem sd pudid jmtbr `bs rdl`dxamjds sm iarafaibs gbnab `b pbrtd trbsdrb, `m qud fdjdrbujb zmjb àkrd id rdl`dxamjds `m sulanadjtdedjtd bepàb pbrb qud d` mydjtd pudibtrbkbobr nmj d` smjaim fdjdrbim pmr `ms emjatmrds, saj prmk`deb.Dj nubjtm b` tdngm id` rdnajtm y d` nmepmrtbeadjtm id` smjaim nmj dstd, sd eudstrb bnmjtajubnaj?

Nmem sd pudid jmtbr `b ebymr pbrtd id` smjaim qud vb gbnab d` tdngm sdr bksmrkaim pmrpbjd`ds bnstanms qud sdrj nm`fbims. Dstm sd `m gbnd bs yb qud `b ajnàjbnaj id` tdngmdj ujb pbrtd kdjdlanab b `b sb`b, yb qud nmem sd pudid vdr dj `b pbrtd supdramr idrdngb

id `b sb`b, `bs rdl`dxamjds smj iarafaibs gbnab `b pbrtd trbsdrb id `b sb`b, saj dekbrfm sa d`smjaim ``dfbsd b tmpbr `b pbrtd supdramr azquadrib id` tdngm, dstd iarafar b `bs rdl`dxamjdsgbnab `b pbrtd id` mydjtd `m nub` pmir tdjdr rdsu`tbims jdfbtavms b` fdjdrbr d` nmjmnaimla`trm pdajd.

>. Bksmrnaj y ialusaj bnstanb dj d` nubrtm id nmjtrm`.Nmem sd gb edjnamjbim bjtds, dstd nubrtm tadjd `b ebymr nbjtaibi id bksmrnaj dj d`tdngm, pbrb `m nub` sd gbj ajnùaim ims pbjd`ds id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd, qud pudidj sdrnmjstruaims dj ujb kbsd id ebidrb y idjtrm id dstms d` ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd nmj ujdspdsmr id ;3 ne?

D` dspdsmr fbrbjtazb uj bepàm rbjfm id lrdnudjnabs qud sdrj bksmrkaibs `m nubìaseajuar d` dldntm id `bs rdl`dxamjds prmiunaibs pmr d` tdngm qud pudibj dstbrprdsdjtds dj `b zmjb d` mydjtd?

Ebtdrab`

Bksmrkdjtd

Mydjtd

Bksmrnaj


10/34

Bides id `bs rdl`dxamjds id` tdngm tbekaj sd gb usbim pbjd`ds id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtddj `bs pbrdids `btdrb`ds edjms ajnàjbibs id qud nmjlmrebj `b dstrunturb pmàfmjb`, nmjd` laj id dvatbr dnms l`mtbjtds ds idnar bnueu`bnaj id djdrfb smjmrb, pmr subprmxaebib lmreb pbrb`d`b?

Dj `b rdbàibi dj `b sb`b dxastd uj eudk`d d` nub` tadjd dspbnams `m sulanadjtdedjtdfrbjids pbrb pmidr nm`mnbr bksmrnaj y ialusaj. D` eudk`d nmajnaid nmj d` iasdmidkaim b qud mnupb d` easem dspbnam qud `b pbrtd trbsdrb id `b sb` id nmjtrm`. D`mkodtavm ds rdutaàzbr`m nmem `b dstrunturb qud sdr id bpmym pbrb d` ebtdrab` bnstanmnmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb b` eudk`d dj `b sb`b?


11/34

Nmem sd pudid jmtbr dstd eudk`d nmjtadjd dspbnams `akrds dj `ms nub`ds sd gb usbimebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd y id ialusaj. Smr ujb pbrtd `b ebymr pbrtd id `b ialusaj dstukanbib dj dstd eudk`d, yb qud nmem d` iasdm ds [L_ jdndsatb jdndsbrabedjtd d` usmid ialusmrds bnstanms dj dstb zmjb, nmem sd eudstrb b nmjtajubnaj?

Nmem sd pudid vdr, id` eudk`d gbj saim usbims janbedjtd pbrb `b ialusaj qud dsksanbedjtd `m qud sd rdquadrd dj ebymr pbrtd dj `b sb`b, saj dekbrfm tbekaj sd gbgdngm usm id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd, d` nub` sdr dxp`anbim b nmjtajubnaj.


12/34

9. Nmjtrm` id kbob lrdnudjnab.Nmem uj bid`bjtm id` safuadjtd pujtm sd pudid edjnamjbr qud d` ebtdrab` id` nub` dstgdngb `b dstrunturb ajtdrjb qud ib `b lmreb id `b sb`b id nmjtrm` tadjd uj dspdsmr id24ee. Dstd dspdsmr gbnd qud b kbob lrdnudjnab jm dxastb pdriaibs pmr trbjseasajidkaim qud d` ebtdrab` ds euy id`fbim, dstm dj nadrtm emim ds kdjdlanamsm, yb qud djtrd

`ms emjatmrds y `b pbrdi trbsdrb id `b sb`b id nmjtrm` sd pudidj prdidnar `ms emimsjmreb`ds qud dxastarj. Djtrd mtrbs supdrlanads nmem `bs pbrdids `btdrb`ds jm sdr euynrtanb `b prdsdjnab id emims jmreb`ds, dj praedr ùfbr yb qud `b dstrunturb jm pudidebjtdjdr lrdnudjnabs euy kbobs idjtrm id `b sb`b id nmjtrm` pmr su dspdsmr, y sdfujimbj dxastb uj emim jmreb` fdjdrbim pmr `bs pbrdids prajnapb`ds id `b sb`b fdjdrb`, dstbtdjir uj javd` euy kbom m sdr id euy kbob lrdnudjnab, pmr `b iastbjnab djtrd `bspbrdids. Nmj rdspdntm b` tdngm, dstd ds euy arrdfu`br bides id tdjdr euy pmnb ebsbpbrb fdjdrbr mjibs dstbnamjbrabs idjtrm id `b sb`b, pmr dstbs rbzmjds sm`m sd nmjsaidrbjnmem nrtanms b `ms emims jmreb`ds id `bs pbrdids nmjtafubs b` pbr`bjtd. Djtmjnds pbrbd` n`nu`m id` emim jmreb` es kbom dj `b sb`b sd nmjsaidrb `b ukanbnaj id `mspbr`bjtds y bides sd idsprdnab `b bnnaj id `b dstrunturb ajtdrjb, pmr `m qud sd tadjd bms pbrdids sdpbrbibs pmr ujb iastbjnab id >.31 edtrms. B dstb iastbjnab d` emim jmrebès kbom ds id? 223.69 Gz, d` nub` pbrb pmidr sdr bksmrkaim sd jdndsatbj id ujbiastbjnab id b` edjms id su `mjfatui id mjib `m nub` nmrrdspmjid b 66 ne, `b nub` dsujb iastbjnab euy frbjid qud gbrb id ajdlanadjtd b` usm id` dspbnam idjtrm id `b sb`b.âj dekbrfm sd pudid trbtbr d` safuadjtd emim qud nmrrdspmjid b ujb mntbvb id`praedrm, ds idnar ;;2 Gz, pbrb dstb lrdnudjnab, ds jdndsbram ds usm id >7 ne id iastbjnabpbrb pmidr nmjtrm`br`b, `m nub` bgmrb sa ds pmsak`d. D` nmjtrm` id `ms emims fdjdrbims pbrtar id ;;2 Gz sd gbj nmjtrm`b b` ukanbr b `b pbrtd lrmjtb` id` eudk`d b `b iastbjnab id>7 ne bprmxaebibedjtd, nmjsaidrbjim d` dspbnam qud pdrtdjdnd b` fypsue y `b pbrdipbrb d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm qud sdr nmedjtbim es bid`bjtd. Djtmjnds Dj `b pbrtdlrmjtb` id` dspbnam vbnm id` eudk`d sd nm`mnb ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd, y bides sd nm`mnbebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd idtrs id nbib ialusmr, id dstb ebjdrb b` fdjdrbrsd `ms emimsjmreb`ds supdramrds b ;;2 Gz d` ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd bntubr prdnasbedjtd b id mjibid` emim qud ds imjid dxastd ebymr idsp`bzbeadjtm id `bs pbrtnu`bs. Id dstb ebjdrbsd tdjir ebymr nmjtrm` smkrd `b kbob lrdnudjnab dj d` nubrtm. B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrbujb vastb supdramr id` p`bjm id` eudk`d, dj imjid sd pudid bprdnabr b` ebtdrab`bksmrkdjtd y ialusmr?

Dj `b aebfdj bjtdramr sd pudid vdr qud d` ebtdrab` ialusmr dst id bzu`, eadjtrbs qud dèbtdrab` bksmrkdjtd sd djnudjtrb id nm`mr rmom msnurm. B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb ujbaebfdj es ndrnbjb id` eudk`d nmj `ms ebtdrab`ds dj d` nub` sd pudid jmtbr qud d``taem dspbnam id` eudk`d pmsdd janbedjtd bksmrnaj `m nub` sd nmepmrtbrbksanbedjtd nmem ujb trbepb id kboms?


13/34


14/34

4. ^astdeb id Emjatmrdm.D` emjtbod id` sastdeb id emjatmrdm gb saim rdb`azbim dj lujnaj id ujms emjatmrds idnbepm ndrnbjm B`dsas EH; id ims vbs. Sraedrbedjtd yb sd gb gbk`bim qud `b iardnnajid `ms emjatmrds gb saim id


15/34

Id` sastdeb id emjatmrdm sd`dnnamjbim sd gbj nmjsaidrbim sus iaedjsamjds pbrb pmidrrdbàzbr d` rdspdntavm iasdm. Ybekaj ds jmtbk`d qud id`bjtd id `ms emjatmrds sddjnudjtrb d` Kbss [dl`dx pmr `m nub` smj uj sastdeb aijdm pbrb depmtbr`ms. Djtmjnds `mqud sd kusnb nmj dstm ds qud jm sd fdjdrd uj nmrtmnarnuatm bnstanm dj kbob lrdnudjnabid dstb ebjdrb ds jdndsbram d` usm id ujb dstrunturb qud sdpbrd `b pbrtd lrmjtb` id `b

pbrtd trbsdrb id` pbr`bjtd. Dj d` àkrm D`dntrmbnstanb id K. Mrtdfb y E. [medrm (;33>,pp.;93) sd dxprdsb `b lreu`b ebtdetanb pbrb nmjmndr bprmxaebibedjtd b qudlrdnudjnab sd nrdbr d` nmrtmnarnuatm bnstanm dj lujnaj id `bs iaedjsamjds id `b pbrdiimjid sd depmtrbr b `ms emjatmrds, pmr `m qud sd tadjd qud?

2> ;

Ijid?lnn? lrdnudjnab id nmrtmnarnuatm.n? vd`mnaibi id` smjaim.In? iaedjsaj id `b pbjtb``b (pbrdi) pbrb dvatbr d` nmrtmnarnuatm.

Djtmjnds sd tadjd qud `b pbrdi tadjd ujb bprmxaebibedjtd uj vb`mr In afub` b 2.7edtrms pmr `m qud nmjsaidrbjim ujb vd`mnaibi id` smjaim b? >9;.; e/s sd tadjd qud `blrdnudjnab id nmrtmnarnuatm sdr prmiunaib dj? >2 Gz, `m nub` ib b` sastdeb ujb rbjfm idlrdnudjnabs kbstbjtd bepàm. Qb qud jm sd tdjir prmk`debs id nbjnd`beadjtm id lbsdsnmem d` nbsm dj d` qud `ms emjatmrds jm sd djnudjtrdj depmtrbims. ^d idkd nmjsaidrbrqud `ms emjatmrds idkdj dstbr nmrrdntbedjtd bas`bims id `b dstrunturb ajtdrjb ediabjtduj ebtdrab` d`stanm nmem d` nbungm m d` jdmprdjm pbrb qud id dstb ebjdrb jm sdprmiuznbj vakrbnamjds id `b dstrunturb. Bides dj `b safuadjtd aebfdj sd eudstrb `mspdidstb`ds id `ms emjatmrds?

Dj `b aebfdj sd pudid jmtbr b `ms pdidstb`ds id nm`mr nbl y b `ms emjatmrds id nm`mrjdfrm. Dstms pdidstb`ds sdrj gdngms id ebidrb dj lmreb id nboj, y idjtrm id dstb sdbfrdfbr brdjb pbrb buedjtbr `b ebsb id` pdidstb` id dstb ebjdrb nmjsaidrbjim qud `bebidrb prdsdjtb nadrtb d`bstanaibi y oujtm nmj `b vakrbnaj id `ms emjatmrds, sd pudidjfdjdrbr rdsmjbjnabs y pmr `m tbjtm trbjseasaj id ruaim sdnujibram. Djtmjnds sa b`sastdeb sd `d bfrdfb ebymr ebsb `b bepàtui id `b vakrbnaj sd rdiund y `b lrdnudjnab idrdsmjbjnab kbob, bides id qud sd dvatb trbjseasaj id ruaim b mtrms d`dedjtms. Dsaepmrtbjtd nmjsaidrb qud dstms pdidstb`ds idkdj dstbr sdpbrbims id `b dstrunturb ajtdrjb


16/34

y bides idkdj dstbr ludrtdedjtd ujaims b `ms emjatmrds `m nub` pudid sdr rdb`azbim b`btmrja``br`ms dj nmjoujtm. B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb nmem idkdrj sdr nm`mnbims `mspdidstb`ds y `ms emjatmrds dj nmjoujtm nmj `b dstrunturb?


17/34

Sbrb nmjmndr d` bsa`beadjtm bnstanm sd pudid rdbàzbr d` n`nu`m ediabjtd `bs lreu`bsqud ialdrdjtds butmrds prdsdjtbj pbrb d` bjàsas id pbrdids imk`ds, saj dekbrfm sd idkdnmjsaidrbr qud vbrabs id dstbs lreu`bs nmjsaidrbj ujalmreaibi id `b lmreb id `msebtdrab`ds y id nadrtbs nbrbntdrstanbs djtrd d``bs `b es aepmrtbjtd dj pbrdids imk`ds,qud ds `b iastbjnab id sdpbrbnaj djtrd pbrdids. Ds pmr d``m qud sd pudid tdjdr ujb

rdldrdjnab id edianamjds rdbàzbibs nmj ebtdrab`ds saea`brds y dj saea`brds nmjianamjds,qud sdr ujb lmreb es ta` id prdidnar nubj kudjm sdr d` bas`beadjtm y sa nuep`d `bsdxpdntbtavbs. Ds pmr d``m qud b nmjtajubnaj sd prdsdjtbj vb`mrds id bas`beadjtmbnstanm mktdjaims id` àkrm? BKN id `b bnstanb Brquatdntjanb id Gafaja Brbu (2111,pp.2>4).

Bas`beadjtm Bnstanm [ (iK)S`bnb id nbrtj id ydsm 24ee +nbvaibi id bardid ;33ee +p`bnb d nbrtj id ydsm 24 ee

2;4;>

;43;;

2333>7

;33394

933397

Nmjsaidrbjim vb`mrds rdldrdjnab`ds id `b vmz id` easem butmr?

Javd` id Smtdjnab @w (iK)

\mz jmreb`\mz b`tbFratm

2;4


18/34

14 ee ``djb nmj `bjb id rmnb. Q sd tadjd d` nmepmrtbeadjtm usbjim tbnms id ebidrb,bndrm y saj d``ms.Bgmrb dj d` iasdm rdbàzbim sd tadjd b ims pbrdids nmj uj ebtdrab` id 24 ee iddspdsmr y ujb sdpbrbnaj jm edjmr b ;33ee?

Smr `m nub` id `ms vb`mrds id bas`beadjtm bnstanm prdsdjtbims bjtdramredjtd pmirj sdrb`nbjzbims saj prmk`deb b`fujm, ajnùsm supdrbim yb qud nmem sd pudid vdr `b iastbjnabid sdpbrbnaj buedjtb dj b`fujbs pbrtds `m nub` bides id fdjdrbr uj edomr

bas`beadjtm tbekaj iaseajuyd d` radsfm id tdjdr lrdnudjnabs id rdsmjbjnabnmajnaidjtds. Smr dstb rbzj sd pudid idnar qud ujb vmz qud fdjdrbèdjtd pmsdd susprajnapb`ds brejanms dj `bs lrdnudjnabs id 2,; y 9 hGz tdjir uj bas`beadjtm ejaem(sa sd nmjsaidrb d` nbsm smj `bjb id rmnb) id 9; iK, eadjtrbs qud nmj uj sastdebutaàzbjim ebtdrab` bas`bjtd idjtrm sd pmir ``dfbr b tdjdr gbstb 63 iK id bas`beadjtmbnstanm, `m nub` sa sd bjbàzb `b tbkb` bjtdramr id javd`ds id pmtdjnab bnstanb d `b vmguebjb, pbrb ujb sb`b id frbkbnaj id vmnds, nmjsaidrbjim d` javd` id vmz b`tb qudpmsdd ndrnb id 63 iK dj sus prajnapb`ds nmepmjdjtds lrdnudjnab`ds, sdr bsa`bib nbsa pmrnmep`dtm. Dstd bsa`beadjtm nmem sd pudid vdr dj d` frlanm bjtdramr sdr vàim pbrb `bsims sb`bs id frbkbnaj. D` tapm id bsa`beadjtm sd`dnnamjbim idpdjidr id lbntmrds djtrdd``m d` dnmjeanm. Smr dstb rbzj sd prdsdjtbj ialdrdjtds b`tdrjbtavbs qud pudidj sdrusbibs.Dj nubjtm b `bs pudrtbs qud dstbrj prdsdjtds dj `ms bnndsms b `ms nubrtms id frbkbnajukanbims b `ms `btdrb`ds id `b sb`b id nmjtrm` sd tadjd qud dstbs pudrtbs idkdj sdr `msulanadjtdedjtd rdlmrzbibs pbrb fdjdrbr uj bas`beadjtm bnstanm bnmrid b` rdbàzbimediabjtd `bs pbrdids imk`ds dstm idkaim b qud d` bas`beadjtm f`mkb` id ujb pbrdinmepudstb pmir sdr nmem exaem 23iK ebymr qud d` d`dedjtm nmjstruntavm esika`, tmebim id Bnstanb brquatdntjanb pbrb sb`bs id frbkbnaj id O. Ebrtj(pp.;9).Djtmjnds nmjsaidrbjim d` nratdram bjtdramr, sd gb rdnurraim b `b rdnmedjibnaj id iasdmid pudrtbs bnstanbs qud sd prmpmjd dj d` àkrm? [dnmriajf ^tuiam Idsafj id S.Jdwd``(;337, pp.;96). B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb ujb aebfdj id` emid`m idnmjstrunnaj id ujb pudrtb bnstanb `b nub` pmsdd javd`ds id bsa`beadjtm smjmrmidsdbk`ds (qud tbekaj sd prdsdjtbj b nmjtajubnaj) pbrb sdr bnmp`bim b `b pbrdi imk`d?


19/34

Nmem sd pudid vdr sd tadjdj javd`ds euy ndrnbjms y nmepbtak`ds nmj `ms id `b pbrdiimk`d, id tb` ebjdrb qud jm dxastarj priaibs jmtbk`ds id bas`beadjtm bnstanm. Bidesid dstm ds aepmrtbjtd nmjsaidrbr qud `b pudrtb tdjir uj dspdsmr id bprmxaebibedjtd23ee pmr `m nub` sdr euy ialna` d` usm id ujb ndrrbiurb, id tb` lmreb sd gb iasdbim b`b pudrtb pbrb qud pudib sdr bkadrtb y ndrrbib ediabjtd fbjngms edtànms pmr dstdemtavm ds aepmrtbjtd nmjsaidrb qud dj `ms kmrids id `b pudrtb pudid ar uj ebtdrab`nmem d` nbungm, d` nub` pdreatar tdjdr uj bas`beadjtm gdretanm id `b pudrtb. B pdsbrid qud jm sd gb utaàzbim ebtdrab`ds euy pdsbims, yb qud frbj pbrtd id` bsa`beadjtm id`b pudrtb sd idkd b su nbvaibi id bard, qud pudid sdr rd``djm nmj ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd,djtmjnds jm ds rdprdsdjtb ujb nbrbntdrstanb nrtanb `b lmreb dj qud sdr smstdjaib `bpudrtb pmr d` fypsue, saj dekbrfm sd pudid rdlmrzbr b laj id dvatbr prmk`debs luturms.Dj d` emid`m rdbàzbim pmr nmeputbimrb sd eudstrb `b lmreb id `bs pudrtbs, ebs jm su


20/34

dstrunturb ajtdrjb `b nub` jm tadjd ebymr aepmrtbjnab vasub`?

Gby ujb nbrbntdrstanb euy aepmrtbjtd qud idkdr sdr trbtbib iurbjtd d` emjtbod id `bpudrtb y ds qud ds jdndsbram idsbnmp`br dstrunturbèdjtd d` ebrnm id `b pudrtb id `bspbrdids id fypsue, yb qud sa jm sd `m gbnd sd prmiunarj trbjseasamjds id ruaim pmrpbrtd id `b pudrtb y id `bs pbrdids, dstm pudid sdr rdbàzbim b` sdpbrbr d` ebrnm id `bpudrtb ediabjtd nbungm nmj `bs pbrdids id fypsue, y pbrb pmidr ebjtdjdr b `b pudrtb sdpudid nmjstruar ujb dstrunturb nmj d` usm id `b pbrdi prajnapb` id `b sb`b, id dstb ebjdrbsd dvatbrj prmk`debs tbjtm brquatdntjanms nmem bnstanms. Bides ibim qud dstms

prmndsms nmjstruntavms pudidj vbrabr, djtmjnds sa sd djnudjtrb ujb edomr lmreb idnm`mnbr `b pudrtb pmir sdr rdbàzbim saj prmk`deb b`fujm id tmibs ebjdrbs d`bas`beadjtm prajnapb` id `b pudrtb jm vbrabr.

^b`bs id frbkbnaj.

2. Lmreb id `bs sb`bs?

Frbj pbrtd id` iasdm sd gb ndjtrbim dj d` nubrtm id nmjtrm`, pmr `m qud `bs sb`bs idfrbkbnaj ksanbedjtd smj iasdbibs pbrb sdr bibptbibs b `b lmreb prajnapb` id nubrtmid nmjtrm`. Id dstb ebjdrb dj nubjtm b `b lmreb id `bs sb`bs ksanbedjtd sd kusnb qudrmepbj pbrb`dàsems, `m nub` sd nuep`d idkaim b qud d` tdngm id bekbs sb`bs pmsdd ujbajnàjbnaj y bides `b dstrunturb ajtdramr id nbib sb`b gb saim bjfu`bib pbrb s dvatbr


21/34

nmjndjtrbnamjds id djdrfb smjmrb.

Id dstb ebjdrb sd dvatbj dnms l`mtbjtds y `b fdjdrbnaj id mjibs dstbnamjbrabs. Bidesd` tdngm pudid sdr usbim nmem uj dspbnam pbrb bksmrkdr kbobs lrdnudjnabs.

;. Bksmrnaj y ialusaj dj `bs sb`bs id frbkbnajDstbs sb`bs tadjd ims tapms id bp`anbnamjds, `b praedrb sb`b qud ds `b qud pmsdd ujbvdjtbjb, ds idianbib pbrb `b frbkbnaj id vmnds d ajstruedjtms qud jm fdjdrbj frbjidsjavd`ds id prdsaj smjmrb nmjstbjtd, bides id dsm qud jm jdndsatdj qud `b sb`b tdjfbjavd`ds id Y


22/34

javd` id prdsaj smjmrb sdb iastrakuaim ujalmrededjtd dj tmib `b sb`b, `m nub` gbr quddstb sb`b sdb bnstanbedjtd eungm es nemib buiatavbedjtd. @b ebymr pbrtd id `bsb`b pmsdd ialusaj y janbedjtd d` ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd sdr usbim dj `bs dsquajbs pbrbnmjtrm`br kbob lrdnudjnab y sa sd rdquadrd d` tdngm pudid sdr usbim pbrb `b nm`mnbnaj idebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd pbrb d` nmjtrm` id kbob lrdnudjnab `m nub` rdsu`tb euy rdnmedjibk`d.

B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb `b sb`b edjnamjbib?

D` ajfrdsm b` dstuiam id frbkbnaj sdr rdb`azbim pmr dstb sb`b.B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb ujb aebfdj id vastb id p`bjtb id` dstuiam id prmiunnajeusanb` dj d` nub` sd pudidj bprdnabr `bs ims sb`bs id frbkbnaj y d` nubrtm id nmjtrm`?

Dj bekbs sb`bs id frbkbnaj sd pudid nmjsaidrbr rdlmrzbr `b dstrunturb id Fypsue qud

`bs sdpbrb id `b sb`b id nmjtrm`, id dstb ebjdrb sd tdjir uj edomr bas`beadjtm bnstanmajtdrjm.Idkaim b qud `b ebymr pbrtd id` bas`beadjtm bnstanm dj dstbs sb`bs ds d` qud gb saimiasdbim dj `b sb`b id nmjtrm`, djtmjnds sd bsued qud d` easem vb`mr id trbjseasaj idsmjaim sd tdjir pbrb dstbs sb`bs.>. \djtbjb imk`d y bas`beadjtm bnstanm?@b vdjtb imk`d idkd nmjsaidrbr b`fujbs nbrbntdrstanbs, ds idnar d` vairam pudid sdrsaep`d m sd pudid usbr vairam `beajbim d` nub` buedjtb `b rafaidz id` vairam y pmr `mtbjtm su bas`beadjtm bnstanm. Bides sd pudid usbr ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd djtrd d`dspbnam id `ms vairams y pmr `taem ds euy rdnmedjibk`d l`mtbr b `ms vairams nmjrdspdntm b sus ebrnm nmem `m rdnmeadjib Gafaja Brbu (2111, pp.299-294).

Dj d` iasdm id` dstuiam sd gbj usbim ims vairams id 23ee y


23/34


24/34

èajb id fypsue. Sbrb d` iasdm djtmjnds sd gbj nmjsaidrbim nmem rdldrdjnabs `bstbk`bs qud prmpmrnamjb Gafaja Brbu (2111, pp.299-294) y `bs nub`ds pmsddj ebtdrabèuy saea`brds b `ms qud sd p`bjdb usbr y bides id dstm `b nbvaibi id sdpbrbnaj dseuy ndrnbjb. Dj d` iasdm sd gb nmjsaidrbim ujb nbvaibi id sdpbrbnaj id 44ee. Bnmjtajubnaj sd eudstrbj `ms vb`mrds id bas`beadjtm bnstanm?

Bas`beadjtm Bnstanm [ (iK)Sbrdi id @bira``m ebnazm id 43 ee + nbvaibiid bard id ee.

2;4>;

;43>7

43399

233342

;33347

933341

Dj d` iasdm rdbàzbim sd nudjtb nmj ujb pbrdi id 273ee, bides `b p`bnb id fypsuesdr id 24ee y idjtrm id `b nbvaibi id bard id 44ee sd usbr `bjb id vairam, pmr `mnub` ds euy prmkbk`d qud `ms vb`mrds id bas`beadjtm rdldrdjnab`ds sdbj supdrbims, pmr `mnub` sd tdjir uj bas`beadjtm bnstanm kbstbjtd kudjm supdramr b `ms 43 iK djlrdnudjnabs ediabs, `m nub` ds jdndsbram yb qud sd dst iasdbjim sb`bs imjid ds id vatbàepmrtbjnab dvatbr nub`quadr ruaim idsid d` dxtdramr.B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb `b vastb id p`bjtb id` dstuiam id smjaim dj d` nub` sd pudidjmtbr qud tmibs `bs pbrdids pmsddj uj dspbnam idstajbim pbrb `b nm`mnbnaj id ebtdrab`bksmrkdjtd?

âstdeb id vdjta`bnaj.Idjtrm id nbib sb`b ds jdndsbram pmidr tdjdr rdstburbnaj id` bard qud sd djnudjtrbidjtrm, dstm idkaim b qud `b sb`b sd djnudjtrb sd``bib gdretanbedjtd. âj dekbrfm djsb`bs nmj pdqudms lùoms id bard nmem `bs qud sd iasdbrmj sd rdnmeadjib janbedjtd`b dxtrbnnaj id` bard qud sd djnudjtrb dj d` ajtdramr, yb qud `b vdjta`bnaj pudidrdbàzbrsd saj prmk`debs pmr vdjta`bimrds dxtdrjms, dstb rdnmedjibnaj sd djnudjtrb djd` àkrm? [dnmriajf ^tuiam Idsafj id S. Jdwd``(;337, pp.;4;). Smr d``m d` sastdeb idvdjta`bnaj sdr iasdbim janbedjtd pbrb dxtrbdr d` bard ediabjtd uj iaspmsatavm b lajb` prmndsm, d` nub` sd djnmjtrbr ludrb id` rdnajtm. Dstd iaspmsatavm sdr nmjdntbim gbnaujbs rdoa``bs ukanbibs dj nbib sb`b ediabjtd d` usm id iuntms l`dxak`ds id bùeajam?


25/34

Dstms `b sdr euy l`dxak`ds, pudidj sdr ``dvbims b `bs ialdrdjtds sb`bs saj prmk`debb`fujm, d` ajfrdsm id dstms iuntms sdr pmr `bs vdjtbs prajnapb`ds id `b gbkatbnaj `bsnub`ds dstj idsgbkaàtbibs idkaim b qud sd gb nmjsaidrbim id ebymr aepmrtbjnab bas`brbnstanbedjtd `bs vdjtbs, b` tbpbr`bs nmj ebtdrab`ds edjnamjbims bjtdramredjtd. Id dstbebjdrb sd idkd kusnbr `b edomr ebjdrb id bnmp`br `bs p`bnbs id fypsue nmj dstmsiuntms `m nub` pmr su eb`dbkaàibi jm supmjir uj frbj prmk`deb. Sbrb `b dxtrbnnaj id`bard idsid `bs sb`bs sd usbr uj dxtrbntmr id` tapm bxab` y id usm imestanm, nmem d`

safuadjtd?

Dstd dxtrbntmr ET-YY 233 pudid bnmp`brsd lnaèdjtd b `ms iuntms narnu`brds, bides d`lbkranbjtd dspdnalanb qud dstd emid`m fdjdrb uj nbuib` id bard id 294 b 276e>/g yfdjdrb uj javd` smjmrm id ;7 b >4 iK(B) nmj ujb vd`mnaibi id 2943 b ;433 rpe.Djtmjnds idkaim b qud d` ruaim fdjdrbim pmr dstd dxtrbntmr pudid fdjdrbr prmk`debs,bides id mtrms ruaims qud pudidj ajfrdsbr pmr `ms iuntms, djtmjnds sd prmndid brdbàzbr uj sa`djnabimr bnstanm id` tapm kbl`d pbrb`d`m, d` nub` pmir sdr ukanbim bnmjtajubnaj id` vdjta`bimr y id dstb ebjdrb sd `mfrbr dvatbr prmk`debs bnstanmsidjtrm id `bs sb`bs.D` iasdm y `ms n`nu`ms rdbàzbims tmebj nmem rdldrdjnab b `b ajlmrebnaj prdsdjtbibdj d` àkrm Bnmustans ml Iunts bji Eull`drs id @. Eujob` (2176, pp.;96).Idkaim b qud dxastdj iuntms qud pmsddj vb`mrds nmedrnab`ds id ;33ee i iaedtrm,djtmjnds sd iasdbr uj sa`djnabimr bnstanm rdntbjfu`br id nbrb lrmjtb` nubirbib id `bimid >3ne y 226ne id `brfm. ^d `m gazm euy `brfm idkaim b qud idpdjiadjim id dstbiaedjsaj, nmem sd dxpànbr es bid`bjtd, buedjtb jmtbk`dedjtd d` bas`beadjtm

bnstanm m `m qud sd nmjmnd nmem priaib pmr ajsdrnaj. D` ebtdrab` qud sd djnmjtrbridjtrm id` iuntm sdr `bjb id rmnb id ediabjb idjsaibi nmj uj dspdsmr id 4 ne ds idnar


26/34


27/34

Id imjid b` rdbàzbr `ms rdspdntavms n`nu`ms y nmjsaidrbjim `b nurvb id i/g5; sdmktadjdj `ms safuadjtds vb`mrds id Btdjubnaj bnstanb?

lrdq >; 2;4 ;43 433 2H ;H 9H 7H 2; 2;4 ;43 433 2H ;H 9H 7H 29,3 9;,3 43,3 >3,3 7,3

Dj `ms bjtdramrds vb`mrds sd pudid jmtbr qud rdiunadjim d` `brfm id` sa`djnabimr sdtadjdj kudjms javd`ds id btdjubnaj bnstanb, saj dekbrfm pbrb d` iasdm rdbàzbim dj `bsb`b sd nmjsaidrbr edomr d` praedr `brfm, d` nub` fbrbjtazbr smkrd nub`quadr nmjianajqud d` ruaim fdjdrbim pmr d` dxtrbntmr, dspdnabèdjtd pmr d` lùom id bard, sdr ju`midjtrm id `bs sb`bs.B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb nem sdr `b nmjdxaj id`ms iuntms y id` sa`djnabimrnmjsaidrbjim tbekaj d` dspbnam pbrb d` dxtrbntmr, d` nub` id prdldrdjnab idkdr ar smkrd


28/34

uj ebtdrab` nmem nbungm m jdmprdjm pbrb dvatbr qud d` ruaim sdb trbjseataim gbnab d`rdnajtm?

B nmjtajubnaj sd eudstrb `b nmjdxaj y d` emjtbod gbnab `bs sb`bs?


29/34

Dj nbib sb`b sd tdjir ujb rdoa``b pmr `b nub` sdr dxtrbim d` bard?


30/34

Smr `taem sd eudstrb b` sa`djnabimr, oujtm nmj uj bnmp`d edt`anm jdndsbram pbrb pmidrnm`mnbr d` dxtrbntmr?


31/34

6. Nmjnùsamjds.-

@b lmreb id `ms nubrtms [L_ gbnd id dstms euy dlanadjtds dj sb`bs id tbebmpdqudm, idkaim b qud dj frbj pbrtd sd kbsbs dj iardnnamjbr `bs rdl`dxamjdstdeprbjbs gbnab `bs pbrtds pmstdramrds id `b sb`b, pdreatadjim tdjdr uj pujtm

iu`nd m uj pujtm àkrd id rdl`dxamjds euy bepàm. D` AYIF mktdjaim dj sb`bs [L_ prdsdjtb sdr euy kudjm yb qud `bs ebymrds

pbrtds id `bs rdl`dxamjds prdsdjtds dj `b sb`b vdjirj id `b pbrtd pmstdramr id `bsb`b, dstbs sdrj ialusbs `m nub` fdjdrbr uj Y3 iK bprmxaebibedjtd nmj rdspdntm b uj sastdeb id pbrdi imk`djanbedjtd nmj nbvaibi id bard.

@b lrdnudjnab id `bs pbrdids id fypsue tadjd lrdnudjnabs id rdsmjbjnab euynrtanbs sa sd nmjsaidrb qud dstj dj d` rbjfm id 2 b 4 hGz, `m nub` rdsu`tbajbndptbk`d sa `b sb`b qud gbnd usm id dstbs pbrdids ds idianbib pbrb frbkbrvmnds m ajstruedjtms nmj afub` rdspudstb dj lrdnudjnab.

B` tdjdr ims pbrdids sdpbrbibs pmr nadrtb iastbjnab sd fdjdrbrj lrdnudjnabs idrdsmjbjnab nmajnaidjtds sadeprd y nubjim `b iastbjnab sd ebjtdjfb nmjstbjtd,saj dekbrfm sa `b iastbjnab jm ds nmjstbjtd sd tdjirj ialdrdjtds lrdnudjnabs idrdsmjbjnab `m nub` ds idsdbk`d pbrb dvatbr javd`ds nrtanms id bas`beadjtmbnstanm.

Tj sastdeb id emjatmrdm nmem d` usbim dj d` iasdm rdbàzbim, b` tdjdr Kbss[dl`dx dj `b pbrtd lrmjtb` puid sdr depmtrbim id dj `bs pbrdids id `b dstrunturbajtdramr, dstm prdsdjtb uj frbj vdjtbob idkaim qud sd bprmxaeb b `m qud sdnmjmnd nmem uj kbl`d ajlajatm, `m qud dj tdmrb gbr dstm ds iaseajuar `bspdriaibs pmr nbjnd`beadjtm dj kbob lrdnudjnab, id ebjdrb qud sd tdjir edomrrdspudstb dj kbob lrdnudjnab.


32/34

@b frbj ebsb ajdrnab` ibib pmr d` pdidstb` id` pbr`bjtd rd``djm nmj brdjbfdjdrbr edjmr vakrbnaj id` b`tbvmz qud sd trbjseatd gbnab `b dstrunturb ajtdrjbu mtrbs dstrunturbs, id ebjdrb qud sdr fdjdrbrj edjmr trbjseasaj sdnujibrabid smjaim y uj ebymr rdjiaeadjtm id` b`tbvmz.

D` bsa`beadjtm prmiunaim pmr d` nmjoujtm id d`dedjtms nmjstruntavms dj ujbpbrdi sdr nmem exaem 23 iK ebymr b` d`dedjtm nmj edjmr bas`beadjtmbnstanm, pmr dstd emtavm ds es dlanadjtd y dnmjeanm dvatbr `b nmjstrunnaj idvdjtbjbs, yb qud rdprdsdjtbj ujb ajvdrsaj id iajdrm euy frbjid bides qudbfrdfb prmk`debs id trbjseasaj bnstanms b `bs pbrdids.

@ms nrastb`ds id `bs vdjtbjbs prdsdjtbj prmk`debs nrtanms dj lrdnudjnabsrd`bnamjbibs nmj `b vmz guebjb ds idnar dj lrdnudjnabs ndrnbjbs b `ms ;333 Gzid ebjdrb qud uj iasdm idlanadjtd tdjir frbjids nmjsdnudjnabs bnstanbsidjtrm id `b sb`b.

Tjb pudrtb nmrrdntbedjtd iasdbib pmir bnmp`brsd saj prmk`deb b` prajnapb`ebtdrab` nmjstruntavm id `b sb`b, ds idnar `bs pbrdids. Id dstb ebjdrb sd dvatbrjpdriaibs dj d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm.

@bs pudrtbs bnstanbs pudids sdr nmjstruaibs id `b easeb ebjdrb qud ujb pbrdiimk`d, pmr tb` emtavm sd pudid tdjdr b`tms bas`beadjtms nmj d` usm id ujb nbvaibiid bard, saj dekbrfm pudidj fdjdrbrsd b` afub` qud pbrdids imk`ds lrdnudjnabs idrdsmjbjnab qud pudidj bldntbr jmtbk`dedjtd d` bas`beadjtm pdrm b` afub` qudpbrdids imk`ds pudid sdr nmjtrm`bim nmj ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd m vbrabjim `bsebsb id `ms ebtdrab`ds qud nmjlmrebj `b nbvaibi.

B` afub` qud pbrdids imk`ds, `bs pudrtbs prdsdjtbj idlanadjnabs id bas`beadjtm djkbob lrdnudjnab, dj uj dstuiam id frbkbnaj nbsdrm jm ds euy nrtanm d` nmjtrm`smkrd `b kbob lrdnudjnab, saj dekbrfm dj nbsms imjid sd jdndsatd bas`beadjtmsdxtrdems sd pudidj usbr pudrtbs nmj ujb nbvaibi ajtdramr rd``djb id brdjb qud `d

ibr ujb frbj ebsb y pmr `m tbjtm javd`ds id bas`beadjtms euy kudjms, sajdekbrfm `b dstrunturb rdquadrd sdr euy rfaib y ludrtd pbrb pmidr smstdjdr b `bpudrtb. Ybekaj sd pudidj usbr pudrtbs imk`ds saj dekbrfm prdsdjtbj prmk`debsid dspbnam dj `b sb`b.

@ms kbl`ds pbrb`d`ms eudstrbj sdr euy dlanadjtds pbrb d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm djsastdebs id vdjta`bnaj, yb qud b` idpdjidr id` `brfm sd pudidj fdjdrbrbas`beadjtms euy kudjms dj nadrtbs lrdnudjnabs.

@ms kbl`ds pbrb`d`ms jdndsatbj id frbjids nbjtaibids id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd pbrbpmidr fdjdrbr bas`beadjtm dj lrdnudjnabs euy kbobs `m qud nmeprmedtdrb bl`uom id` bard idjtrm, `m nub` idkd sdr nmjsaidrbim b` emedjtm id iasdbr `mssa`djnabimrds.

Dj d` iasdm id` sa`djnabimr bnstanm sd gbj mktdjaims vb`mrds id btdjubnajbnstanb euy b`tms, saj dekbrfm sd gb nmeprmkbim qud nmj `brfms id nbsa `beatbi id` iasdbim sd pudidj `mfrbr kudjm javd`ds id btdjubnaj, pmr `m qud sa `bsatubnaj rdquadrd id edjmrds javd`ds id btdjubnaj, ds idnar sa d` dxtrbntmrlujnamjb pdrldntbedjtd nmj uj javd` id ruaim euy kbom, djtmjnds sd pudidbnmtbr d` `brfm id` kbl`d nmj `m nub` sdr bkbrbtbrb nmstms.

7. [dnmedjibnamjds.-

Tjb rdnmedjibnaj dsdjnab` ds d` usm id pbrdids imk`ds vbrabjim `b ebsb idnbib ujb id dstbs, idkaim b qud id dstb ebjdrb sd pudidj tdjdr iastajtbslrdnudjnabs id rdsmjbjnab, saj dekbrfm tbekaj sd pudid gbndr usm id ebymrnbjtaibi id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd d` nub` rdiunar dj ebymr pbrtd b` dldntm tbekmr


33/34

fdjdrbim pmr `b nbvaibi id bard djtrd `bs pbrdids. Bides d` usm id ebtdrab` idebymr idjsaibi ds idnar id ebymr ebsb supdrlanab`, gbr qud d` bas`beadjtmbnstanm buedjtd y su lrdnudjnab id rdsmjbjnab sdb es kbob.

Ds aepmrtbjtd nmjsaidrbr `ms jfu`ms id ukanbnaj id `bs pbrdids id `bs sb`bs[L_ yb qud ujb bjfu`bnaj drrjdb rdnbdr dj prmk`debs bnstanms id aebfdj

dstrdm idkaim b qud `b iardnnaj id `ms emjatmrds idpdjid id` pmsanamjbeadjtmid `bs pbrdids dj imjid sdr depmtrbim. Ds euy rdnmedjibk`d d`dfar d` sastdeb id emjatmrdm buiatavm bidnubim b `b sb`b

y sus iaedjsamjds, yb qud sa `b sb`b ds euy pdqudb, uj sastdeb id emjatmrdmeuy pmtdjtd jm pmir idsdjvm`vdrsd bidnubibedjtd, ds idnar qud jm tdjir ujrdjiaeadjtm ptaem, bides qud sd idkd nmjsaidrb `b iastbjnab dj `b nub` `msb`tbvmnds id `ms sastdebs gbj ajtdfrbim tmtbèdjtd sus smjaims. Smr `taem sdidkd nmjsaidrbr `b pmsanaj m ukanbnaj id` Kbss [dl`dx ds idnar id` bfuodrm qudbntb nmem ujb ebsb id ajdrnab rdsmjbimrb b kbob lrdnudjnab. ^d idkd nmjsaidrbyb qud idkaim b `b ukanbnaj id dstd bfuodrm tbekaj idkdrj sdr ukanbims `msemjatmrds dj `b sb`b, pmr dodep`m, uj sastdeb qud pmsdb dstd bfuodrm dj `b pbrtdlrmjtb` pudid sdr depmtrbim, eadjtrbs qud uj sastdeb qud pmsdb d` bfuodrm dj `bpbrtd pmstdramr jm pmir sdr depmtrbim ja pmir sdr usbim dj sb`bs pdqudbs,idkaim b qud dstms fdjdrbèdjtd rdquadrdj id uj dspbnam djtrd dstms y `b pbrdipbrb pmidr mptaeazbr d` usm id` Kbss [dl`dx.

^d rdnmeadjib d` usm id bas`beadjtm tbjtm dj pasms nmem dj `b dstrunturb qudsdr rdbàzbib pbrb d` emjtbod id `bs p`bnbs id fypsue, dstm jm sd nmjsaidr djd` idsbrrm``m id` trbkbom yb qud ds uj bspdntm qud pmir vbrabr idpdjiadjim id`ms etmims id nmjstrunnaj, saj dekbrfm d` bsa`beadjtm dstrunturb` edjnamjbibr edjmr aepbntm pmr `b trbjseasaj id ruaim sdnujibram.

^d rdnmeadjib dj nbsm id pmsddr d` nbpatb` dnmjeanm sulanadjtd, d` idsbnmp`d

dstrunturb` id` pasm id `b sb`b id frbkbnaj idstajbib pbrb ajstruedjtms nmem `mstbekmrds, `m nub` ibr uj edomr bsa`beadjtm id ruaim sdnujibram. Bides iddstm tbekaj ds euy rdnmedjibk`d d` usm id bksmrnaj dj d` tdngm pbrb edomrbr`b rdspudstb dj kbob lrdnudjnab `b nub` ds prdimeajbjtd dj tbekmrds nmem d`kmekm. Q Bides sd pmirb buedjtbr `b nbjtaibi id ebtdrab` bksmrkdjtd dj `bnbvaibi qud sdpbrb b `bs sb`bs m sd pudid buedjtbr `b ebsb id `bs èajbs idfypsue pbrb buedjtbr d` bas`beadjtm bnstanm djtrd `bs sb`bs.

Dj d` iasdm jm sd gb nmjsaidrb `bs ajstb`bnamjds d`ntranbs, pmr `m nub` sdrdnmeadjib ujb rdvasaj dspdnabàzbib id nbib nmjdntmr y dxtdjsaj d`ntranbidjtrm id nbib sb`b prdvam b `b nmjstrunnaj id` dstuiam id prmiunnaj eusanb`.

â dxastd d` nbpatb` dnmjeanm sulanadjtd sd rdnmeadjib `b nmjstrunnaj idvdjtbjbs idsid `b sb`b id nmjtrm` gbnab `bs sb`bs id frbkbnaj, pmr `m nub` sd idkdnmjsaidrbr `ms ialdrdjtds nratdrams id iasdms b laj id dvatbr `b fdjdrbnaj idprmk`debs id trbjseasaj smjmrms, dspdnabèdjtd dj lrdnudjnabs rd`bnamjbibsnmj `b vmz guebjb dj `bs nub`ds `ms vairams id `bs vdjtbjbs prdsdjtbj prmk`debslrdnudjtds.

Dj `b nbvaibi prdsdjtd djtrd vairams imk`ds `ms nub`ds smj sd``bimsgdretanbedjtd, ds jdndsbram d` usm id ebtdrab`ds queanms qud pudibj bksmrkdr`b guedibi b `m `brfm id` tadepm id usm, bs sd dvatbrj prmk`debs id idsfbstd.

^d rdnmeadjib d` usm id vairams euy frudsms y sa dxastd `b pmsakaàibi,tdep`bims m nmj èajbs qud buedjtdj su rafaidz.

Dj d` nubrtm id frbkbnaj nmj vdjtbjb sd rdnmeadjib d` usm id ujb nmrtajbbnstanb `b nub` pudid sdr usbib pbrb vbrabr d` Y


34/34

Diseño acústico de un estudio de grabación, con sala de control RFZ.

Documents

Transcript of Diseño acústico de un estudio de grabación, con sala de control RFZ.