ejercicios alcanos
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ALCANOSFORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRECH4 ...............................
CH3 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH CH3 ............................... |
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... |
CH3
CH3
|CH3 C CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... |
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3
|CH3 C CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRECH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH2 CH3
CH3
|CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH3 ............................... | | CH3 CH3
CH3
|CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ...............................
| CH3
H3C |CH3 C CH CH3 ............................... | | H3C CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
CH3 |
CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH2 CH3
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ...............................
H3C CH3 | |CH3 CH C CH2 CH3 ...............................
| CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 (CH2 )12 CH3 ...............................
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 ............................... | | CH2 CH3 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3 ............................... | CH3 CH CH3
CH3 ( CH2 )9 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )10 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )11 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )12 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )13 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )14 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )15 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )16 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )17 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )18 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )19 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )20 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )21 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )22 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )23 CH3
...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )24 CH3
...............................
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
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CH3 ( CH2 )25 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )26 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )27 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )28 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )38 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )48 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )58 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )68 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )78 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )88 CH3 ...............................
CH3 ( CH2 )98 CH3 ...............................
ALQUENOS
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH2 = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH = CH CH3 .......................................
CH3 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................
CH3 CH2 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH = C CH3 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 C = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH = CH2
| ....................................... CH3
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH3 CH2 CH = C CH3 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 C = CH CH3 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH = CH CH3 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 CH C = CH2 ....................................... | | CH3 CH3
CH3 |CH3 C CH = CH2 ....................................... | CH3
CH3 C = C CH3 ....................................... | | CH3 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH3 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH3 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 .......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 ..........................
ALCADIENOS ( DIENOS )
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH2 = C = CH2 propadieno ( aleno )
CH3 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – butadieno
CH2 = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – butadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – pentadieno
CH3 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – pentadieno
CH2 = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – pentadieno
CH3 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – pentadieno
CH2 = CH C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,3 – butadieno | CH3 ( isopreno )
CH3 C = C = CH2 3 – metil – 1,2 – butadieno | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – hexadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – hexadieno
CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – hexadieno
CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,5 – hexadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – hexadieno
CH3 CH = CH CH = CH CH3 2,4 – hexadieno
CH3 CH2 C = C = CH2 3 – metil – 1,2 – pentadieno | CH3
CH3 CH CH = C = CH2 4 – metil – 1,2 – pentadieno | CH3
CH3 CH = CH C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,3 – pentadieno | CH3
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH3 CH = C CH = CH2 3 – metil – 1,3 – pentadieno | CH3
CH2 = CH CH2 C = CH2 2 – metil – 1,4 – pentadieno | CH3
CH2 = CH CH CH = CH2 3 – metil – 1,4 – pentadieno | CH3
CH3 CH = C = C CH3 2 – metil – 2,3 – pentadieno | CH3
CH2 = C C = CH2 2,3 – dimetil – 1,3 – butadieno | |
H3C CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2 – heptadieno
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – heptadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH2 1,4 – heptadieno
CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,5 – heptadieno
CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1,6 – heptadieno
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH = C = CH CH3 2,3 – heptadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH = CH CH3 2,4 – heptadieno
CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH CH3 2,5 – heptadieno
CH3 CH2 CH = C = CH CH2 CH3 3,4 – heptadieno
ALCATRIENOS ( TRIENOS )
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH2 = C = C = CH2 butatrieno
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH3 CH = C = C = CH2 1,2,3 – pentatrieno
CH2 = CH CH = C = CH2 1,2,4 – pentatrieno
CH3 CH2 CH = C = C = CH2 1,2,3 – hexatrieno
CH3 CH = CH CH = C = CH2 1,2,4 – hexatrieno
CH2 = CH CH2 CH = C = CH2 1,2,5 – hexatrieno
CH3 CH = C = CH CH = CH2 1,3,4 – hexatrieno
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3,5 – hexatrieno
CH3 CH = C = C = CH CH3 2,3,4 – hexatrieno
ALQUINOS
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH CH ......................................
CH3 C CH ......................................
CH3 CH2 C CH ......................................
CH3 C C CH3 ......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 C CH ......................................
CH3 CH2 C C CH3 ......................................
CH3 CH C CH ...................................... | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH ......................................
CH3 CH2 CH2 C C CH3 ......................................
CH3 CH2 C C CH2 CH3 ......................................
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CH3 CH2 CH C CH ...................................... | CH3
CH3 CH CH2 C CH ...................................... | CH3
CH3 CH C C CH3 ...................................... | CH3
CH3
|CH3 C C CH ...................................... | CH3
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – heptino
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C C CH3 2 – heptino
CH3 CH2 CH2 C C CH2 CH3 3 – heptino
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – octino
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – nonino
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1 – decino
ALCADIINOS ( DIINOS )
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH C C CH butadiino
CH3 C C C CH 1,3 – pentadiino
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH C CH2 C CH 1,4 – pentadiino
CH3 CH2 C C C CH 1,3 – hexadiino
CH3 C C CH2 C CH 1,4 – hexadiino
CH C CH2 CH2 C CH 1,5 – hexadiino
CH3 C C C C CH3 2,4 – hexadiino
CH C CH C CH 3 – metil – 1,4 – pentadiino | CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 C C C CH 1,3 – heptadiino
CH3 CH2 C C CH2 C CH 1,4 – heptadiino
CH3 C C CH2 CH2 C CH 1,5 – heptadiino
CH C CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH 1,6 – heptadiino
CH3 CH2 C C C C CH3 2,4 – heptadiino
CH3 C C CH2 C C CH3 2,5 – heptadiino
CH3 CH C C C CH 5 – metil – 1,3 – hexadiino | CH3
CH3
|CH C C C CH 3,3 – dimetil – 1,4 – pentadiino
| CH3
ALCATRIINOS ( TRIINOS )
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH C C C C CH 1,3,5 – hexatriino
CH3 C C C C C CH 1,3,5 – heptatriino
CH C CH2 C C C CH 1,3,6 – heptatriino
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH3 CH2 C C C C C CH 1,3,5 – octatriino
CH3 C C CH2 C C C CH 1,3,6 – octatriino
CH C CH2 CH2 C C C CH 1,3,7 – octatriino
CH3 C C C C CH2 C CH 1,4,6 – octatriino
CH C CH2 C C CH2 C CH 1,4,7 – octatriino
ALQUENINOS
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH C CH = CH2 butenino
CH3 C C CH = CH2 1 – penten – 3 – ino
CH C CH2 CH = CH2 1 – penten – 4 – ino
CH C CH = CH CH3 3 – penten – 1 – ino
CH C C = CH2 2 – metil – butenino | CH3
CH3 CH2 C C CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 3 – ino
CH C CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 5 – ino
ALCADIENINOS
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH C CH = CH CH = CH2 1,3 – hexadien – 5 – ino
CH2 = CH C C CH = CH2 1,5 – hexadien – 3 – ino
CH2 = CH CH2 C C CH = CH2 1,6 – heptadien – 3 – ino
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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ALQUENDIINOS
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH C C C CH = CH2 1 – hexen – 3,5 – diino
CH C CH = CH C CH 3 – hexen – 1,5 – diino
CH C CH2 C C CH = CH2 1 – hepten – 3,6 – diino
CH C CH2 CH = CH C CH 3 – hepten – 1,6 – diino
HALUROS DE ALQUILO
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH3 F fluorometano
CH3 Cl clorometano
CH3 Br bromometano
CH3 I yodometano
CH3 CH2 CH2 Br 1 – bromopropano
CH3 CH CH3 2 – bromopropano |
Br
CH3 CH CH2 F 1 – fluoro – 2 – metilpropano |
CH3
F |
CH3 C CH3 2 – fluoro – 2 – metilpropano | CH3
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH3
|CH3 C CH2 F 1 – fluoro – 2,2 – dimetilpropano | CH3
Cl CH2 CH CH2 CH3 1 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |
CH3
Cl |
CH3 C CH2 CH3 2 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |
CH3 Cl |
CH3 CH CH CH3 3 – cloro – 2 – metilbutano |
CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 Cl 1 – cloro – 3 – metilbutano |
CH3
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH2 Cl2 diclorometano
CH F3 fluoroformo ( trifluorometano )
CH Cl3 cloroformo ( triclorometano )
CH Br3 bromoformo ( tribromometano )
CH I3 yodoformo ( triyodometano )
C Cl4 tetraclorometano
CH3 CH2 CH Br2 1,1 – dibromopropano
CH3 CH Br CH2 Br 1,2 – dibromopropano
CH2 Br CH2 CH2 Br 1,3 – dibromopropano
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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CH3 C Br2 CH3 2,2 – dibromopropano
CH3 CH2 C Br3 1,1,1 – tribromopropano
CH3 CH Br CH Br2 1,1,2 – tribromopropano
CH2 Br CH2 CH Br2 1,1,3 – tribromopropano
CH3 C Br2 CH2 Br 1,2,2 – tribromopropano
CH2 Br CH Br CH2 Br 1,2,3 – tribromopropano
FORMULA ESTRUCTURAL NOMBRE
CH3 CH2 CH = CH I 1 – yodo – 1 – buteno
CH3 CH2 C I = CH2 2 – yodo – 1 – buteno
CH3 CH I CH = CH2 3 – yodo – 1 – buteno
CH2 I CH2 CH = CH2 4 – yodo – 1 – buteno
CH3 CH = CH CH2 I 1 – yodo – 2 – buteno
CH3 CH = C I CH3 2 – yodo – 2 – buteno
CH3 CH2 C C Br 1 – bromo – 1 – butino
CH3 CHBr C CH 3 – bromo – 1 – butino
CH2Br CH2 C CH 4 – bromo – 1 – butino
Q U I M I C A O R G A N I C A
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