Energía Solar para el Escuela de verano de Optica en CICESE
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Transcript of Energía Solar para el Escuela de verano de Optica en CICESE
Óptica escula de verano
Energia Solarpresentado de: Dr. R. Evans, LEARS CICESE
Thursday, August 5, 2010
LEARS
laboratorio de energía alterna, renovable y sostenible
DET
óptica
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Resumn
Energía
Sol
Conversión
Óptica
Thursday, August 5, 2010
energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
energía y entropía
Vida es complexidad
Cultura es información
información es orden
Segunda ley de termodinámica
aislado sistema– entropía incrementa; menos orden
Energía es necesario para la sociedad
Energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
usos
domestica
comida
transportación
fabricación
servicio
construcción
Energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
unidades: Energía
1 J=1Nm=1 kg (m/s)2
1 eV=1.60217653×10−19 J
1 ton TNT=4.2 x 109 J
1 BTU= 1 x 103 J
1 cal= 4 J
kWh=3.6 x 106 J
Energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Unidades: trabajo
1 W = 1 J/s
1 BTU/s = 1 x 103 W
1 hp = 740 W
una persona; 0.6
ton de AC = 3500 W
Energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
trabajo
ford formula 1
800 hp
Bocho
54 hp
Pancho
1.2 : 0.1 hp
hasta 2.6 kW
Energía
Thursday, August 5, 2010
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orden de magnitud• US consumo: 1020 J/año
• 1012 J/año per capita
• 4 x 109 J/año dieta humano
• Global 4 x 1020 J/año *
• Combustible fósil 1023 J
• Energía Solar (US) 1023 J/año
• Ensenada: 1.47 x 107 J/(m2 día)
• gas 32 x 106 J/L* 1990
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Plantas de generación de energía eléctrica en Baja California
Rosarito Rosarito (CFE) Combustóleo y gas natural 1330 MW
Mexicali Cerro Prieto I (CFE) Vapor geotérmico 180 MW
Cerro Prieto II (CFE) Vapor geotérmico 220 MW
Cerro Prieto III (CFE) Vapor geotérmico 220 MW
Cerro Prieto IV (CFE) Vapor geotérmico 100 MW
Termoeléctrica de Mexicali de CC (PI) Gas natural 600 MW
Termoeléctrica la Rosita de CC (PI) Gas natural 1150 MW
Ensenada Ciprés Diesel 54.86 MW
Total 3564.86 MW
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Generación en MéxicoThursday, August 5, 2010
Fuente de energía Potencial
Geotérmica 1000 MW
Solar 3.3-6.9 kWh/m2
Eólica 100-250 W/m2
Biomasa Desperdicios agrícola 3600 m3 NGE/día (Mexicali)
Desperdicios sólidos urbanos 25-30 MWe + calor
Algas marinas ∼75000 BOE/año
Leña combustible insignificante
Micro-hidroeléctrica ∼80 MWe (Mexicali)∼20 MWe (Tecate)
Mareas ∼1200 MWe (Golfo de Cortéz)
Referencia: Huacuz ,IIE, 1995.Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
el solThursday, August 5, 2010
fuente de fotones
vacío
campo magnético del tierra
atmósfera
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Irradiancia solar
Distancia sol-tierra
órbita elíptica
atmósfera
latitud
fecha
actividad solar
años
Thursday, August 5, 2010
sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
sin(d) = −cos
�(Ds − 1)
180◦
182.6
�sin(23.45◦)
sol
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solThursday, August 5, 2010
solThursday, August 5, 2010
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
N
N
solThursday, August 5, 2010
Calefacción solar pasia para una casa en Ensenada B.C., México
S
solsticio de verano
80º
35º solsticio
de invierno
60º55º
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
S
solsticio de verano
80º
35º solsticio
de invierno
60º55º
Calefacciónde aire
iluminación de oficina
Calefacción e iluminación solar pasiva para una oficina en Ensenada B.C., México
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
ht
htot
hd
lin
lout
hwin
•luz directo nula•iluminación máxima•vista sin obstrucción
S
solsticio de verano
80º
35º solsticio
de invierno
60º55º
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
ejemplo
sol
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Thursday, August 5, 2010
sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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sol
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mes J/(m2*dia) kW h/(dia*m2)
julio
enero
promedio
2.55E+07 6.8
3.89E+06 1.05
1.47E+07 3.96
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
14 MJ/m2 de día3.8 kWh de m2
uso (mi casa) 130kWh cada dos mes0.5 m2 @100%
PV (25%)=>2 m2
sol
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
fotones
uso directo
foto-termal
fotovoltaica
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
pigmentos
absorción selectiva
ventanas del auto
“daylighting”
Láser
conversión
foto-foto
Thursday, August 5, 2010
fotovoltaica
transición de electrón
absorción de fotón
conversión
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fotovoltaica
Carga de la batería
Seguimiento solar: posición
concertadores
conversión
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conversión
Carga de la batería
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conversión
Carga de la bateríaThursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Carga de la bateríaThursday, August 5, 2010
Seguimiento solar: posición
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico
conducción
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico
conducción
radiación
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico
conducción
radiación
convección
conversión
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Foto-térmico
conducción
radiación
convección
q = −kA∂T
∂x
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico
conducción
radiación
convección
q = −kA∂T
∂xq = σA(T 4
1 − T 42 )
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Foto-térmico
conducción
radiación
convección
q = −kA∂T
∂x
q = hA(T1 − T2)
q = σA(T 41 − T 4
2 )
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
equilibrio térmicaconversión
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equilibrio térmica
σT 4 = S
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
equilibrio térmica
σT 4 = S
S = 1.0kW/m2
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
equilibrio térmica
σT 4 = S
S = 1.0kW/m2
σ = 5.67× 10−8 W
m2K4
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
equilibrio térmica
σT 4 = S
S = 1.0kW/m2
σ = 5.67× 10−8 W
m2K4
T = 364K = 91.27◦C
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Calentón Solar
en pisaron
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Cooking with the Sun!
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.1
HIGHLIGHTS
! Solar cookers are useful for everyday cooking or solar picnics
! They come in many types and capabilities
! They are easy to build, or can be bought ready-made
! Solar cooking works well, and is easy, fun, and good for the environment
SUMMARY
Although most Texans understandhow it can be hot enough to fry anegg on the pavement, few have seri-ously considered actually cookingwith the sun. Yet in some parts ofthe world, solar cooking is very pop-ular. In Texas it works just as welland is suitable for everything frompicnics to everyday cooking.
SOLAR COOKERBASICS
Solar cookers work because directsunlight carries lots of power: onbright days, about 1,000 watts fallon each square meter of surface thatit strikes (compare this to yourtoaster oven, which is likely to useabout 1,000 watts). In a solar cook-er, sunlight is concentrated into acooking area that gets hot enough to
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23
cook food. Collecting more sunlightprovides more power; this is bal-anced by heat losses, so solar cookerssometimes feature an insulatedcooking chamber.
SOLAR COOKERDESIGNS
Just as there are many kinds of con-ventional cookers (ovens, stovetops,broilers, microwave ovens), there are
Figure 1 Panel Cooker The “Cookit” panel cooker is simple but effective
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.2
many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.
Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy
absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.
Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight
into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.
Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.
As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been
RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER
OF TEXAS
Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking
Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
SECO FACT SHEET NO. 23 COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.2
many kinds of solar cookers. Perhapsthe simplest solar cooker is the“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-sists of a single piece of aluminizedcardboard folded into a reflector. Adark pot placed in a plastic bagserves as the cooking vessel. Thisdesign performs similarly to simplebox cookers.
Figure 2 shows a box cooker, whichis basically an insulated box, blackon the inside (to absorb sunlight)with a transparent cover (commonlyglass), and one or more reflectivepanels to increase the amount ofsunlight that enters the cookingchamber. Food to be cooked isplaced inside, usually in a dark-colored pot to increase energy
absorption. Box cookers behavemuch like conventional ovens oper-ating at medium temperatures.
Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-ure 3, have a dish reflector with aparabolic shape that reflects sunlight
into a focal region where a cookingvessel, usually dark in color, isplaced. Depending on the size of thereflector, very high temperatures canbe reached. Such designs may have alarge solar collection area and there-fore high power; but they typicallydo not have an insulated cookingchamber, so they are used similarlyto a conventional stovetop.
Some cooker designs combine thehigh concentration of a paraboliccooker with an insulated cookingchamber. Such designs, called con-centrator ovens, can rival a conven-tional oven in performance. Figure 4shows one such unit that is soldcommercially.
As you can see from these examples,solar cooker designers have been
RENEWABLE ENERGYTHE INFINITE POWER
OF TEXAS
Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slowcooking
Figure 3 ParabolicCooker Parabolic solarcookers produce concen-trated heat
SO
UR
CE
:JU
DY
PE
AR
SO
N
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
El Paso solar pond70 kW
Organic Rankin cycle
Thursday, August 5, 2010
El Paso solar pond70 kW
Organic Rankin cycle
Isreal; Ormat, 150 kW
Organic Rankin cycle
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
!"
!"#$%&%""'&"(&)*+&,-.#/.(0&123456!7&.(&8"9)":;
!"#$%&'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
./0)*+%#)*,)-"#!% #1/23%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
+-)'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
<.''+%+()&9+$9"($#&*+$)&9)"%$0+&)+:*("#"0.+9
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Motor Stirling
Convertador termal-mechanica
alta eficiencia
Dificil a fabricar
Alta pression
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Sandia Nation Labsstirling engine
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
conversión
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Óptica
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Concentración Óptica
ópticia
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Concentración Óptica
ópticia
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Scheffler Reflector; off-axis parábola
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ θ
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ θ
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ
∆θ
∆θ
2
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ
∆θ
∆θ
2
Thursday, August 5, 2010
θ
∆θ
∆θ
2
∆θ
2
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
motor
motor
Thursday, August 5, 2010
motor
motor
control
Thursday, August 5, 2010
motor
motor
control
=$1,000 USD/1-2 m2
Thursday, August 5, 2010
amo
motor
motor
control
Thursday, August 5, 2010
amo
motor
motor
control
Thursday, August 5, 2010
esclavoesclavo amo
motor
motor
control
Thursday, August 5, 2010
esclavoesclavo amo
m
m
con
esclavoesclavo
Thursday, August 5, 2010
esclavoesclavo amo
m
m
con
esclavoesclavo
esclavoesclavo amo
m
m
con
esclavoesclavo
esclavoesclavo amo
m
m
con
esclavoesclavo
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
AmoPVSensor ópticaEspacio Experimental
Thursday, August 5, 2010
AmoPVSensor ópticaEspacio Experimental
Esclavos
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Sistemaheliostático
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Banco de pruebas
Sistemaheliostático
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Banco de pruebas
Almacenajetérmica
Sistemaheliostático
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Thursday, August 5, 2010
temas todavía
Anidólica concentración (nonimaging)
Concentración con dispersión
dependiente de la frecuencia
reflexión
emisividad
difracción
Thursday, August 5, 2010
servicio
comunidad
comercial
moral
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Gracias
Rodger Evans
FA 326
sunnycanuck.blogspot.com/
twitter: sunnycanuck
Thursday, August 5, 2010