ESTILO INDIRECTO Teoría Apuntes Míos

8/12/2019 ESTILO INDIRECTO Teoría Apuntes Míos

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ESTILO INDIRECTO (REPORTED SPEECH)

USOS:

El estilo indirecto se refiere al hecho de que alguien cuenta lo que ha dicho o lo que dijo otra persona.

Sarah told me that she didn’t want to go to Tom’s party on Saturday.

My history teacher asked me why I hadn’t done my homework. Julie’s mother told her to take a taxi if she was going to come home late.

-Hay tres tipos fundamentales en el estilo indirecto:

1) Oraciones indirectas2) Preguntas indirectas3) Órdenes indirectas

1.ORACIONES INDIRECTAS

-Los verbos que normalmente usamos para introducir oraciones indirectas son say y tell . Se usa tell si semenciona a la persona a la que se dirige la persona que habla.

Patrick told me (that) he didn’t have any money.

-Se utiliza say si no mencionamos a la persona a la que se dirige la persona que habla.

Patrick said (that) he didn’t have any money.

-El uso de that es opcional. Se suele eliminar en el inglés informal actual.

He told me he was happy // He told me that he was happy.He said he was happy // He said that he was happy.

-Say y tell son los llamados verbos de lengua o reporting verbs. Aunque estos verbos sean los máshabituales, no nos sirven para explicar si la persona que nos cuenta la información estaba enfadada,prometiendo algo, explicando algo, etc, por ello hay muchos más verbos de lengua, por ejemplo, confess,

promise, explain, etc..

-Cambios en las formas verbales

Cuando contamos lo que alguien nos ha dicho o lo que nos dijo, las formas verbales sufren algunasmodificaciones si nos estamos refiriendo a algo que nos contaron en el pasado. En la siguiente tabla semuestran los principales cambios que sufren las formas verbales en el estilo indirecto cuando el verbo delengua está en pasado.



Past perfect Past perfect (doesn’t change) Had seen Had seen

Would Would (doesn’t change) Would buy would buy

Past continuous Past perfect continuousWas watching had been watching

Can Could

Can speak Could speak

Must Had toMust study Had to study

May MightMay sell Might sell

Could Could (doesn’t change) Could dance Could dance

Should Should (doesn’t change)Should use Should use

Might Might (doesn’t change) Might write Might write

-Cambios en los pronombres y en los adjetivos posesivos

Los pronombres y los adjetivos posesivos que en estilo directo aparecen en primera persona, cambian a la tercepersona en el estilo indirecto.



“ Mum I’ve lost my bag”, said Tony

Tony said he had lost his bag.

“I’ve cut my finger”, said Anne.

Anne said she had cut her finger

El pronombre you cambia a I o we.

“You look tired”, she told me.

She told me I looked tired

“You’ve all passed”, he said.

He said we had all passed.

-Cambios en las expresiones de tiempo

En la siguiente tabla se muestran algunos de los cambios frecuentes que sufren los adverbios y expresiones d

tiempo y de lugar en el estilo indirecto (siempre que el tiempo y el lugar hayan cambiado)

Estilo directo Estilo indirecto

Here There

Now Then

Today That day

This morning That morning

Tonight That night

Tomorrow The next day / the following day

Yesterday The day before / the previous day

Last night The night before / the previous nightNext week The following week

Last week, etc The previous week / the week before

Two weeks ago Two weeks before that

2.PREGUNTAS INDIRECTAS

Las preguntas indirectas no son preguntas en el estricto sentido de la palabra, así que no usamos la forma

interrogativa del verbo.

Normalmente usamos el verbo ask para hacer preguntas. Otros verbos que podemos utilizar son want to

know , wonder , not know …

The police asked me where I lived

Cuando usamos el verbo de lengua (ask , want to know …) en pasado, los cambios de los tiempos verbales

son los mismos que para las oraciones indirectas (tabla de cambios en los tiempos verbales)

Si la pregunta en estilo directo empieza con una partícula interrogativa (what , where, how many , etc.),usaremos la misma partícula en el estilo indirecto.

“How much money do you need?”

He asked me how much money I needed.



“What time is it, Ben?”

He asked me what time it was.

“What time did you go to bed?”

He asked me what time I had gone to bed.

“What have you done today?”

He asked me what I had done that day.

“Where are you going tonight, Emma?”

He asked Emma where she was going that night.

Si la pregunta en estilo directo empieza con do, does, did, can, will , etc. (no una partícula interrogativa),formaremos la pregunta indirecta usando if .

“Did you go out last night?”

She asked me if I had gone out the night before.

“Does your father work in a bank?”

She asked me if my father worked in a bank.

“Will you go to Marbella again next year?”

She asked me if I would go to Marbella again the following year.

“Can you use a word processor?”

She asked me if I could use a word processor.

3.ÓRDENES INDIRECTAS

Formamos las órdenes indirectas con:

a) El verbo tell (también se pueden usar otros verbos como advise, beg, ask , invite, remind ,recommend , warn)

b) La referencia que se hace a la persona que recibe la orden, que va a ser el objeto de tell .c) El infinitivo con to de la acción.

“Tidy your room”

My mother told me to tidy my room.

“Write a composition about your ambitions”

Our teacher told us to write a composition about our ambitions.

“Take a taxi home, Julie”

Julie’s mother told her to take a taxi home.

Si la orden es negativa (don’t lie, don’t drink , don’t play loud music, etc), simplemente ponemos not delante del verbo en infinitivo (delante del to)

“Don’t drive that motorbike fast and don’t come home late!”

My father told me not to drive my motorbike fast and not to come home late.



1.-Yesterday you ran into a friend of yours, Helen. She told you a lot of things. Here are some of the thingsshe said to you:

. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

I'm thinking of going to live in France.My father is in the hospital.Sue and Jim are getting married next month.I haven't seen Bill for a while.

I've been playing tennis a lot lately.Barbara has had a baby.I don't know what Fred is doing.

8. 9.

10. 11.

12. 13.

I hardly ever go out these days.I work 14 hours a day.I'll tell Jim I saw you.You can come and stay with me if you are ever in Toronto.

Tom had an accident last week, but he wasn't injured.I saw Jack at a party a few months ago, and he seemed fine.

Later that day you tell another friend what Helen said. Use reported speech.

1. Helen said that she was thinking of going to live in France.

2. ______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________

9. ______________________________________________________

10. ______________________________________________________

11. ______________________________________________________

12. ______________________________________________________

13. ______________________________________________________

2.-Turn these questions into reported speech sentences

1. "What did the dentist tell you to do?", my husband asked me.

_________________________________________________________

2. "Did you take photographs during your trip?", my friend asked me.

_________________________________________________________

3. "What do the bags contain?", Alice's brother asked.

_________________________________________________________



4. "Will you visit your mother?", my wife asked me.

_________________________________________________________

5. "Where have you been hiding?", Brian's father asked him impatiently.

_________________________________________________________

6. "When will the results be announced?", the pupils asked.

_________________________________________________________

7. "Did he give you the money at once?", my friend asked me.

_________________________________________________________

8. "Where has Mrs. Hawkins opened her third bakery?", Susan's mother asked me.

_________________________________________________________

3.-Choose the correct sentence. Underline it.

"I first met my wife in Seville," he told us.

He said them he had first met his wife in Seville.

He told them he first met his wife in Seville.

"Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda.

Miranda said Mark was going to install solar panels.

Miranda told Mark was going to install solar panels.

"Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre.

Pierre told Jenny that she couldn't speak French.

Pierre said that Jenny couldn't speak French.

"I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca.

Francesca said that she would bring a pasta salad.

Francesca said she brings a pasta salad.

"They found gold here," said the geology teacher.

The geology teacher told they found gold here.

The geology teacher said they had found gold there.

"I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said.

He said that he wanted their homework handed in by the next day.

He told us he wanted my homework handed in by tomorrow.

"My mother made these cakes," said Juan.

Juan said that my mother had made those cakes.



Juan said his mother had made those cakes

"It's raining," she said.

She said that was raining.

She said it was raining.

4.-Turn into reported speech.

“Don't make so much noise, Peter.”

Carol told...

“If I were you, Richard, I'd go by train.”

Sue advised...

" Do you know where my tennis racquet is, mum?" Sharon asked

Sharon asked her mother...

" If you are late tomorrow, I'm going to fire you."

The boss warned him...

" It's the first time I've flown"

He said he ...

-“ I

saw her yesterday” he said

............................................................................................................................

- “I´ll do it tomorrow,” he promised

............................................................................................................................

- “I´m starting the day after tomorrow, mother”, he said

............................................................................................................................

“ My father died a year ago” she said

............................................................................................................................

“ I´m going out now, but I´ll be in by nine” he said ( omit now)

............................................................................................................................

“ I´m working in a restaurant” she said

............................................................................................................................

“ I can´t live on my basic salary “ said Peter “ I´ll have to offer to do overtime”



5.-Turn into direct speech

I told Tanya that I loved her

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Tanya said that I wasn’t allowed to open the door for her

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Tanya told me that men shouldn’t look at beautiful women

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Tom said that he didin’t care about being politically correct.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Tom said that he liked to look at Demi Moore’s face

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Tom said that he wouldn’t take the picture down.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

ESTILO INDIRECTO Teoría Apuntes Míos

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