Ficha 3
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Transcript of Ficha 3
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Ficha 3. Las diferencias entre can / could / shall (y might/may).
Son varios los usos que pueden tener estos cuatro verbos modales (verbos que ayudan a
otros a tener ms significados), pero bsicamente nos vamos a centrar en: peticiones,
permisos, ofrecimientos, capacidad, sugerencias y probabilidad. Asimismo, el verbo
modal would indica condicin (a): me gustara, me pasaras Por ello, tambin lo
podemos utilizar para pedir algo de un modo muy formal: I would like to have a beer,
please (me gustara tomar una cerveza, por favor).
Todos los verbos modales se forman del siguiente modo:
Sujeto + verbo modal + verbo en infinitivo
I can swim, I would buy
REQUESTS (peticiones)
Utilizamos tanto can y could como may y might para peticiones. May, might son
bastante formales, could lo es algo menos. Tambin podemos utilizar will y would.
Fjate en los diferentes grados de formalidad.
- Can/will you help me with my French homework? (informal)
- Could/would you help me with this exercise? (more polite)
- May I have a pen and some paper, please? (formal)
- May I come in? (formal)
- Might I have one of those leaflets? (bastante formal)
ASKING PERMISSION (pidiendo permiso)
Usamos can, could, may o might para pedir permiso para poder hacer algo. Could y
may son ms formales que can.
- Can I go swimming? (informal)
- Could I ask you another question? (more polite)
- May/might I have a look at this report? (formal)
GIVING/REFUSING PERMISSION (dando o negando permiso)
Usamos may y can, pero no might o could para dar permiso. May es muy formal.
- You cant see Kim tonight, but you can see her tomorrow if you like.
- You can leave your luggage here (informal)
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- You may not leave your luggage here. (formal) (Por ejemplo, un panel en la terminal
de un aeropuerto)
- Passengers may take only one item of hand luggage on board (formal)
OFFERS (ofrecimientos)
Para ofrecimientos utilizamos generalmente can y could (could es ms fomal que can).
Shall tambin es posible, aunque es mucho ms formal.
- Can/could I get you anything from the store?
- Shall I help you cross the road?
SUGGESTIONS (sugerencias)
- Speaker A: What shall we do tonight?
- Speaker B: We can/could go to the movies.
- We can/could go out for a meal later.
ABITLITY (capacidad)
Usamos can y could para expresar que alguien puede hacer algo en el presente y/o en el
futuro.
- After months of lessons, she can finally drive!
- Ive called off my appointment so I can come shopping with you on the weekend
(Recuerda que en Ingls britnico se dice at
the weekend, at weekends)
- I could see you next week if thats easier.
Tambin usamos could para expresar que alguien poda hacer algo de forma general en
el pasado, de manera repetida.
- I could swim quite well when I was at school.
- When she was three, she could count to ten.
Para expresar que alguien hizo algo en una determinada ocasin no utilizamos could,
sino succeed, manage, able to
- He succeeded in his ambition of becoming a pilot.
- Did you manage to climb the mountain in three days?
- We were able to see him before he left for Amsterdam.
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POSSIBILITY (probabilidad)
Usamos can y could para expresar una probabilidad de manera general.
- Everyone could come if they wanted.
- You can shop online to save time.
Usamos could, may o might para expresar que algo puede suceder o est sucediendo.
- We may see him when we are in Rome.
- The weather could be good by March.
- I might pop in later if Ive got a minute.
- I might not be able to come on Friday.
Ejercicios
Peticiones
[ ] you help me? [Muy formal]
[ ] you give me this paper? [informal]
[ ] I have a beer? [formal]
[ ] I come in? [bastante formal]
Pidiendo permiso
[ ] I go there? [informal]
[ ] I ask you another question? [Muy formal]
[ ] I have a look at this report? [Formal]
Dando permiso
You [ ] leave your luggage here [Formal]
You [ ] leave your luggage here. [Informal]
Ofrecimientos
[ ] I help you cross the road? [Muy formal]
[ ] I get you anything from the store? [Informal]
Sugerencias
We [ ] go out for a meal later [Muy formal]
Capacidad
I [ ] swim quite well when I was at school.
After months of lessons, she [ ] finally speak English!
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Probabilidad
We [ ] see him when we are in Rome.
The weather [ ] be good by March.
Everyone [ ] come if they wanted.
You [ ] shop online to save time.
We [ ] see him when we are in Rome.
The weather [ ] be good by March.
I [ ] pop in later if Ive got a minute.