Genetics pp
Transcript of Genetics pp
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Genetics
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I.B. Learning Outcomes B11- With reference to relevant research
studies, to what extent does genetic inheritance influence behavior?
I can explain how much our genes impact our behavior.
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Behavioral Genetics The study of how the both genetics and
the environment contribute to individual variations in human behavior.
Genes do not cause behavior, they create a predisposition towards it. Depression
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Definition of a GeneGenes are the working subunits of
DNA. Each gene contains a particular set of instructions, usually coding for a particular protein or for a particular function.
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Inheritance Each offspring inherits traits from their
parents. 46 Chromosomes – 23 from Mom, 23
from Dad ~20,000-25,000 genes
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Key ideas about Genetics Genes that we inherit from our parents
give rise to physiological functions which contribute to physical and behavioral characteristics.
One Gene does not lead to a behavior, it can be a building block towards that behavior.
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Twins
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Separated Twin Studies Identical Genetic Make Up Different Environments Look for similarities and differences
between monozygotic twins Nature & Nurture Is It All In the Genes?
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Minnesota Twin Study:Bouchard et al. (1990)
Learning Outcome: B11 Aim: To determine the extent that genetics
impact the behavior. Method:
Participants: Self-Selected MZ twins reared together (MZT) and MZ twins that were reared apart (MZA)
Performed 50 hours of interviews, tests, and surveys on participants.
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Minnesota Twin Study:Bouchard et al. (1990) Cont.
Findings: Intelligence testing showed that 70% of intelligence
is attributed to genetic variation. Conclusions:
Intelligence among other characteristics are to a large extent due to genetics
Critical Thinking?
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5-HTT Gene A gene that is responsible for creating
proteins that influence the reuptake of serotonin Long-Allele (57% of population) Short-Allele (43% of population)
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Caspi et al. (2003) Learning Outcome: B11 Aim: To determine whether the 5-HTT gene
predicts depression Method:
Followed a group of adolescents for several years and measured for stressful events.
When they were 26, they tested them for depression.
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Caspi et al. (2003) Findings:
Individuals who had a two short 5-HTT alleles were more likely to be depressed following stressful events.
Conclusion: Genetics can predict the likelihood of
depression in individuals. Critical Thinking?
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Levenson (2013) Aim: To determine the role of the 5-HTT gene in marital
satisfaction
Method: Followed couples since 1989 and surveyed them on marital satisfaction.
Finding: Individuals with a short 5-HTT allele were more likely to be unhappy in an unhealthy relationship or happy in a healthy relationship.
Conclusion: Short Allele = More influenced by environment.
Critical Thinking?
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COMT Gene COMT Gene: A gene that codes for an
enzyme that clears dopamine from the frontal lobe.
This can impact how you deal with stress.
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Warrior or Worrier?Worrier:Slow Acting Enzyme
No Stress: Higher cognitive functioning, attention, and problem solving.
Stress: Meltdown
Warrior:Fast Acting Enzyme
No Stress: Underwhelmed by daily life and a lack of problem solving & concentration.
Stress: Concentration & Problem Solving Sky Rocket.
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Chang et al (2009) Aim: To investigate the role of the COMT
Gene in test performance.
Method: Took blood samples from thousands of
Taiwanese students about to take their Basic Competency Test.
Performed a genetic test on each student. Compared the scores for variants of COMT
Gene.
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Chang et al (2009) Finding: Students with fast acting enzymes
(warriors) performed better than students with slow acting enzymes (worriers).
Conclusions: The COMT gene impacted the way that students performed under a stressful situation.
Critical Thinking?
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Parasuraman et al (2013) Aim: To investigate the COMT Gene’s impact on
high stress multitasking. Method:
99 participants were measured on their ability to control six drones in an airforce simulation.
Findings: Participants with the slow action enzyme (Worriers)
destroyed more targets than participants with fast acting enzymes (warriors).
Conclusion: People with slow acting enzyme variants were more effective at multitasking complex tasks,
Critical Thinking?
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Ethics of Genetic Research Anonymity and Confidentiality.
Right to know who owns their genetic material and with whom it will be shared.
Informed Consent
Genetic research could potentially be a risk to the participants if misused.
Genetic Research can reveal information that is unexpected or a source of distress (Learning that you are predisposed to depression can lead to depression)
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Discussion Questions Should the military, colleges, police forces, etc.
use genetic testing to help judge applicants?
Is it ethical to use genetics in determining who can become a drone pilot or another job?
Do you want a genetic test? Why or why not?
To what extent do our genes impact our behavior?