Grammar book
-
Upload
lizzie-smoot -
Category
Documents
-
view
121 -
download
1
Transcript of Grammar book
![Page 1: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Grammar BookLiliana Smoot
3rd
Linares
![Page 2: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Table of Contents
1. Nationalities2. Stem Changers3. IOP’s4. Gustar5. Affirmative/Negative words6. Superlatives7. Affirmative/Negative Tu Commands
![Page 3: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Stem changers
Queiro
Quieras
Quiere
Queremos
Quereìs
QuierenQue
rer
Pienso
E-IE
Piensas
Piensa
Pensamos
Pensaìs
PiensanPens
ar
Vengo
Vienes
Viene
Venimos
Venìs
VienenVeni
r
Tengo
Tienes
Tiene
Tenemos
Teneìs
TienenTene
r
O-UE
Cuento
Cuentas
Cuenta
Contamos
Contaìs
CuentanCont
arPuedo
Puedes
Puede
Podemos
Podeìs
PuedenPode
r
Vuelvo
Vuelves
Vuelve
Volvemos
Volveìs
VuelvenVolv
er
Duermo
Duermes
Duerme
Dormimos
Dormìs
DuermenDorm
ir
E-I
Pido
Pides
Pide
Pedimos
Pedìs
Piden
Sirvo
Pedi
r
Sirves
Sirve
Servimos
Servìs
Sirven
Notice the “we” form and the “you all” form do not change.
In the “yo” form of venir and tener, a G is added.
![Page 5: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Indirect Object Pronouns
METELE
MeYouYou, Him,
Her, It
NOSOSLES
UsYou allYou(f), them
This form is really only used in Spain. In other Spanish speaking countries, you would drop down and use “le”.
![Page 6: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GustarGUSTA
metele
nososles
A mi= me gustaA ti= te gustaA Ud./el/ ella = le gustaA nosotros= nos gusta
Gustar Singular:
Me gusta el boligrafo.
Gusta antes de un infinitive:
Me gusta hablar Espanol.
Gustan antes plural:
Me gustan los boligrafos.
Negative Phrase: “No ___ Gusta”
![Page 7: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Affirmative and Negative Words
Affirmatives:• Algo-something• Alguien- someone
• Algun/alguno(a)- same• Siempre-always• Tambien-too
Negatives:• Nada-nothing• Nadie-none
•Ningun/ninguno(a)-none, not any
• Nunca-never• Tampoco-neither,either
Alguno and Ninguno have to match the gender of the noun they are replacing. In the masculine form of a singular noun, they change.
![Page 8: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Superlatives
-ìsimo-ìsimos-ìsima-ìsimas
Malo<malìsimoMuchas<muchìsimasDifìcil<defìsimo
Rico<riquìsimoLarga<larguìsimaFeliz<felicìsmo
C,g,zqu,gu,cN,rcìsimo
Joven<jovencìsimoTrabajador<trabajadorcìsimo
![Page 9: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Affirmative and Negative Tu Commands
Tu Commands
positive
negative
irregulars
Drop the ‘s’
1.Put into ‘yo’ form2.Change vowel
3. Add ‘s’
Decir-diHacer-haz
Ir-veSer-se
Poner-ponVenir-venTener-tenSalir-sal
Ar Verbs- AEEA
![Page 10: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PreteriteAR ER/IR
-é-aste
-ó
-amos
-airon
-í-iste-io
-imos
-eiron
![Page 11: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Trigger WordsSpanish Word English Translation
•Un Dia•Una Vez•Ayer•A noche•Have un año•Ya•El mes pasado•Anteayer•Por una ahora•Por fin•A las ocho
•One day•Once•Yesterday•At night•A year ago•Already•Last month•Day before yesterday•For one hour•Finally•At eight
![Page 12: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Deber
Deber Infinitive
Ejemplo:“I should take out the trash.”Yo debo sacar la basura.
![Page 13: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Modal Verbs
Second verb is not conjugated, as it is left in the infinitive.
Deber- ShouldDesear- to desireNecesitar- to needPoder-canQuerer- wantSaber- to know how toConocer-to knowSoler- usually
You wouldn’t say “no puedo nado,” but you WOULD say “No puedo nadar”.
![Page 14: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Present Progressive
ESTARAR andoER/IR iendo3 vowels yendo
LEER goes to leyendo. Not leindo.
![Page 15: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Adverbs• Cuidadosamente-carefully• Especialmente-especially• Facilmente-easily• Felizmente-happily• Frecuentamente-frecuently• Lentamente-slowly• Normalmente-normally• Rapidamente-quickly• Recientamente-recently• Tranquilamente-quietly
Add –mente to an adjective to make it an adverb!
![Page 16: Grammar book](https://reader035.fdocumento.com/reader035/viewer/2022080418/58a8b92c1a28abbd6b8b6113/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
-Car, -Gar-, and -Zar
-Car > yo > qué
-Gar > yo > gué
-Zar > yo > cé
Only in YO form of the Preterite!!!