Grammar book

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Grammar Book Liliana Smoot 3 rd Linares

Transcript of Grammar book

Page 1: Grammar book

Grammar BookLiliana Smoot

3rd

Linares

Page 2: Grammar book

Table of Contents

1. Nationalities2. Stem Changers3. IOP’s4. Gustar5. Affirmative/Negative words6. Superlatives7. Affirmative/Negative Tu Commands

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Stem changers

Queiro

Quieras

Quiere

Queremos

Quereìs

QuierenQue

rer

Pienso

E-IE

Piensas

Piensa

Pensamos

Pensaìs

PiensanPens

ar

Vengo

Vienes

Viene

Venimos

Venìs

VienenVeni

r

Tengo

Tienes

Tiene

Tenemos

Teneìs

TienenTene

r

O-UE

Cuento

Cuentas

Cuenta

Contamos

Contaìs

CuentanCont

arPuedo

Puedes

Puede

Podemos

Podeìs

PuedenPode

r

Vuelvo

Vuelves

Vuelve

Volvemos

Volveìs

VuelvenVolv

er

Duermo

Duermes

Duerme

Dormimos

Dormìs

DuermenDorm

ir

E-I

Pido

Pides

Pide

Pedimos

Pedìs

Piden

Sirvo

Pedi

r

Sirves

Sirve

Servimos

Servìs

Sirven

Notice the “we” form and the “you all” form do not change.

In the “yo” form of venir and tener, a G is added.

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Indirect Object Pronouns

METELE

MeYouYou, Him,

Her, It

NOSOSLES

UsYou allYou(f), them

This form is really only used in Spain. In other Spanish speaking countries, you would drop down and use “le”.

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GustarGUSTA

metele

nososles

A mi= me gustaA ti= te gustaA Ud./el/ ella = le gustaA nosotros= nos gusta

Gustar Singular:

Me gusta el boligrafo.

Gusta antes de un infinitive:

Me gusta hablar Espanol.

Gustan antes plural:

Me gustan los boligrafos.

Negative Phrase: “No ___ Gusta”

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Affirmative and Negative Words

Affirmatives:• Algo-something• Alguien- someone

• Algun/alguno(a)- same• Siempre-always• Tambien-too

Negatives:• Nada-nothing• Nadie-none

•Ningun/ninguno(a)-none, not any

• Nunca-never• Tampoco-neither,either

Alguno and Ninguno have to match the gender of the noun they are replacing. In the masculine form of a singular noun, they change.

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Superlatives

-ìsimo-ìsimos-ìsima-ìsimas

Malo<malìsimoMuchas<muchìsimasDifìcil<defìsimo

Rico<riquìsimoLarga<larguìsimaFeliz<felicìsmo

C,g,zqu,gu,cN,rcìsimo

Joven<jovencìsimoTrabajador<trabajadorcìsimo

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Affirmative and Negative Tu Commands

Tu Commands

positive

negative

irregulars

Drop the ‘s’

1.Put into ‘yo’ form2.Change vowel

3. Add ‘s’

Decir-diHacer-haz

Ir-veSer-se

Poner-ponVenir-venTener-tenSalir-sal

Ar Verbs- AEEA

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PreteriteAR ER/IR

-é-aste

-amos

-airon

-í-iste-io

-imos

-eiron

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Trigger WordsSpanish Word English Translation

•Un Dia•Una Vez•Ayer•A noche•Have un año•Ya•El mes pasado•Anteayer•Por una ahora•Por fin•A las ocho

•One day•Once•Yesterday•At night•A year ago•Already•Last month•Day before yesterday•For one hour•Finally•At eight

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Deber

Deber Infinitive

Ejemplo:“I should take out the trash.”Yo debo sacar la basura.

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Modal Verbs

Second verb is not conjugated, as it is left in the infinitive.

Deber- ShouldDesear- to desireNecesitar- to needPoder-canQuerer- wantSaber- to know how toConocer-to knowSoler- usually

You wouldn’t say “no puedo nado,” but you WOULD say “No puedo nadar”.

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Present Progressive

ESTARAR andoER/IR iendo3 vowels yendo

LEER goes to leyendo. Not leindo.

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Adverbs• Cuidadosamente-carefully• Especialmente-especially• Facilmente-easily• Felizmente-happily• Frecuentamente-frecuently• Lentamente-slowly• Normalmente-normally• Rapidamente-quickly• Recientamente-recently• Tranquilamente-quietly

Add –mente to an adjective to make it an adverb!

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-Car, -Gar-, and -Zar

-Car > yo > qué

-Gar > yo > gué

-Zar > yo > cé

Only in YO form of the Preterite!!!