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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O

K^MA B 94: TNJMDO NYMTNCMAC

O@JNTMWOU

Pneoboenr cos dmgnrnbtns tmpos dn tnjmdo npmtncmac y su u`meaemb

EOLYNTNBUMAU

1. Nxpcmea cas earaetnrstmeas lorgockmeas dn cos dmgnrnbtns tmpos dn tnjmdo npmtncmac.

0. Abacmza ca lorgocoka, nstruetura y gubemb dn cos dmgnrnbtns tmpos dn npmtncmos.

5. Mdnbtmgmea ac lmeroseopmo ptmeo cas dmgnrnbtns nstrueturas apmeacns qun prnsnbtab cos

npmtncmos

LAPEO TNOPMEO

Nc tnjmdo npmtncmac sn earaetnrmza por nc prndolmbmo dn ecucas dnc lmslo tmpo, nseasa sustabema

mbtraencucar y ca prnsnbema dn uba lnl`raba `asac, adnls ns avaseucar8 sn dmspobn nb eapas y

eobstmtuyn ca eu`mnrta qun protnkn ac orkabmslo8 sn coeacmza nb dmgnrnbtns zobas tacns eolo pmnc,

lueosa, pnrmtobno, o rnvnstmlmnbto dn eobduetos8 nb eobsneunbema, nb eada smtmo nc npmtncmo

prnsnbta dmgnrnbtns earaetnrstmeas lorgockmea, porqun tmnbnb dmgnrnbtns gubemobns.

Nc tnjmdo npmtncmac sn ecasmgmea nb TNJMDO NYMTNCMAC DN PNWNUTMLMNBTO, qun sob asoemaemobns

encucarns enrradas qun eu`rnb supnrgmemn nxtnrba n mbtnrba o qun tapmzab rkabos funeos, y

TNJMDO NYMTNCMAC KCABD^CAP, qun sob ecucas npmtncmacns qun dnjab ca supnrgmemn nb ca qun sn

dnsarroccarob y pnbntrab nb nc tnjmdo eobjubtmvo su`yaenbtn y nca`orab acrndndor dn ncca uba clmba

`asac.

A su vnz, nc TNJMDO NYMTNCMAC DN PNWNUTMLMNBTOsn dmvmdn nb:

1. dnpnbdmnbdo dn su lorgocoka nb: pcabo (nsealoso), eu`meo, emcbdrmeo.

0. Tal`mb co podnlos ecasmgmear dnpnbdmnbdo dnc blnro dn eapas dn ecucas qun sn

u`mqunb por nbemla dn ca lnl`raba `asac nb:a. Umlpcn: qun prnsnbta uba soca eapa dn ecucas so`rn ca lnl`raba asac

`. nstratmgmeado, dos o ls eapas dn ecucas so`rn ca lnl`raba `asac.

Tnbmnbdo nb eunbta nstas dos ecasmgmeaemobns valos a nbeobtrar npmtncmos pcabos smlpcns, pcabo

nstratmgmeado, eu`meo smlpcn, eu`meo nstratmgmeado, emcbdrmeo smlpcn, emcbdrmeo nstratmgmeado. Ns dn

abotar qun nc npmtncmo pcabo nstratmgmeado co podnlos ecasmgmear nb qunratmbmzado y bo qunratmbmzado

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]Odn`mdo a ca gorlaemb dn qunratmba eolo produeto dn ca trabsgorlaemobns fmstockmeas qun sugrnb

cas ecucas npmtncmacns dn nstn tnjmdo dnsdn su ormknb fasta ccnkar a ca supnrgmemn, trabseurso nb nc

euac su emtopcasla y todos sus orkabncos sob rnnlpcazado por qunratmba.

Nxmstn ubas ecasns dn tnjmdos nspnemacns, cos euacns bo cos podnlos u`mear dnbtro dn cas abtnrmorns

ecasmgmeaemobns, nstos sob nc tnjmdo npmtncmac trabsmemobac, nxecusmvo dnc smstnla urmbarmo, y nc tnjmdo

npmtncmac emcbdrmeo psnudonstratmgmeado nc euac parnen nstratmgmeado pnro nb rnacmdad todas cas ecucas

nstb nb eobtaeto eob ca clmba `asac, dn nstn tmpo dn tnjmdo nc ls dmgubdmdo ns nc tnjmdo emcbdrmeo

psnudonstratmgmeado emcmado, nc euac prnsnbta emcmos nb ca supnrgmemn apmeac dn cas ecucas qun ccnkab a

ca supnrgmemn npmtncmac.

NC TNJMDO NYMTNCMAC KCABD^CAP

Ns ub tnjmdo o aelucos dn ecucas euya gubemb ns ca snernemb. Nstn tnjmdo co podnlos ecasmgmear

nb KCBD^CAU NVOEPMBA ] NBDOEPMBAU. CAU KCABD^CAU NVOEPMBAU, cm`nrab nc

produeto dn snernemb por lndmo dn smstnlas dn eobduetos qun sn a`rnb a ca supnrgmemn nxtnrba o

mbtnrba8 nb nstn tmpo dn smstnla kcabducar nbeobtrnlos dos tmpos: kcbducas nxoermbas

ubmencucarns y luctmencucarns. ^b rnprnsnbtabtn dn cas kcbducas nxoermbas ubmencucarns tnbnlos

a cas ecucas eacmemgorlns qun sn faccab u`meadas nb nc smstnla rnspmratormo y dmknstmvo. Cas

kcbducas nxoermbas luctmencucarns nxmstnb eolo raemlos orkabmzados dn ubmdadns snerntoras.

KCABD^CAU NVOEPMBAU

Luctmencucar

Umlpcn

Eobduetobo ralmgmeado

Gorla dncadnbolnro

Pndobdnada u ovomdn

Gorla dn tu`o

Eolpunsto

Eobduetobo ralmgmeado

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O

Luefas kcbducas nxoermbas nb cos smstnlas dmknstmvos, rnspmratormos y uroknbmtac cm`nrab

sustabemas dn tmpo lueoso, snroso y lmxto.

Cas ecucas dn cas kcbducas nxoermbas tmnbnb trns lneabmslos dmgnrnbtns para cm`nrar sus

produetos snerntorns: focoermbo, ca ecuca lunrn y sn eobvmnrtn nb produeto snerntor, lnroermbo ,

oeurrn a travs dn nxoemtosms, apoermbo, sn cm`nra uba poremb pnquna dnc emtopcasla apmeac jubto

eob nc produeto snerntor.

E^NTMOBAPMO YPNCA@OPATOPMO

1. Pnacmen ub lapa lnbtac dnc tnjmdo npmtncmac.

0. Qu ns ca qunratmba y euc ns su gubemb?

Ac o`snrvar nc tnjmdo npmtncmac nb nc ealpo dnc lmeroseopmo, dn`ns eobsmdnrar cos smkumnbtns

eunstmobalmnbtos:

Eubtas eapas dn ecucas tmnbn?, Euc dn cas dmlnbsmobns o`snrvadas nb ca ecuca prndolmba,

ca actura o ca abefura?, Elo ns nc becno dn ca ecuca, nsgrmeo, ncptmeo rndobdnado o mrrnkucar?,

nb qu rkabo o nstruetura sn u`mea nc npmtncmo?

Nb knbnrac, cos npmtncmos smlpcns nstb adaptados para ngnetuar gubemobns dn a`soremb (p. nj. Tu`o

dmknstmvo) o dn snernemb (kcbducas mbtnstmbacns). Todas cas ecucas sob `smealnbtn prmslas

Tu`ucar

Un nbrocca

Bo Un nbrocca

Kcolnrucar

Aembosa

Latnrmacns para ca pretmea

@mockmeos: Lmeroprnparados: Aorta, Ycnxos eoromdnos, nstolako, duodnbo, ovmdueto, trquna, nsgako, pmnc, vnjmka, eocob.

Nqumpos: lmeroseopmo

Pnaetmvo: Aenmtn dn mblnrsmb

Otros: papnc dn arroz, aceofoc, `ayntmcca, ackodb y cabenta.

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]Ofnxakobacns y ca dmgnrnbema nbtrn cos dmvnrsos tmpos dn stas ns ca actura encucar y qun faya

nspnemacmzaemobns nb ca lnl`raba apmeac.

Ecucas pcabas, nsealosas o pavmlnbtosas sob ecucas apcabadas8 gorlab uba `arrnra

sulalnbtn dnckada qun pnrlmtn eob gaemcmdad nc paso dn latnrmac a travs dn ncca. Nc emtopcasla ns

tab rnduemdo qun rnsucta dmgemc o`snrvarco eob nc lmeroseopmo ptmeo. Nc becno sn vn eob ls

gaemcmdad y ns ovac.

Ecucas e`meas aparnenb ls o lnbos euadradas y prnsnbtab becnos rndobdos.

Ecucas eoculbarns o emcbdrmeas sob ls actas qun abefas, eob becnos ovacns omnbtados

smkumnbdo nc njn cobkmtudmbac dn ca ecuca.

Adnls, fay nspnemacmzaemobns dn ca supnrgmemn apmeac eolo emcmos o lmerovnccosmdadns quneolpcntab ca mdnbtmgmeaemb.

Cos npmtncmos nstratmgmeados nstb gorlados por dos o ls eapas dn ecucas, nbtrn cas qun suncnb

nbeobtrarsn varmos tmpos encucarns. Ca eapa encucar mblndmata a ca lnl`raba `asac ns nc smtmo nb

dobdn sn ormkmbab cas ecucas, dnspus nstas lmkrab dn eapa nb eapa faema ca supnrgmemn para

rnnlpcazar cas ecucas qun dnsealab dn labnra eobtmbua nb ca supnrgmemn apmeac. Cos npmtncmos

nstratmgmeados ogrnenb protneemb eobtra traulatmslos lnebmeos, qulmeos o `mockmeos. Un

coeacmzab nb ca pmnc y lueosa dn rkabos. Yara mdnbtmgmear y ecasmgmear cos npmtncmos nstratmgmeados

dn`ns eobsmdnrar ca gorla aparnbtn dn ca ecuca dn ca eapa ls supnrgmemac y cas nspnemacmzaemobns

dn ca supnrgmemn apmeac.

Nxalmba eob nc o`jntmvo paborlmeo nc eortn dn aorta. @usea ca supnrgmemn dn aspneto rnkucar nb nc

cado mbtnrbo dnc vaso.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Eal`ma ac o`jntmvo dn 49x y postnrmorlnbtn ac o`jntmvo dn mblnrsmb. O`snrva cos becnos dn cas

ecucas npmtncmacns. Unaca qun tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn nsta supnrgmemn, dm`jaca y dnser`aca.

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nb ca clmba qun eorrnspobdn a cos pcnxos eoromdns sn nstudma nc npmtncmo qun co rnvmstn. Mdnbtmgmea ca

u`meaemb dnc npmtncmo utmcmzabdo nc o`jntmvo dn 49V,

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Yostnrmorlnbtn eal`ma ac o`jntmvo dn mblnrsmb y o`snrva cas earaetnrstmeas dn sus ecucas.

Dntnrlmba qu tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn nsta supnrgmemn, dm`jaca y dnser`nca.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nb ub eortn dn nstlako sn aprnema qun nc npmtncmo dn rnvnstmlmnbto mbtnrbo dn nstos rkabos

eobsmstn nb ecucas actas nspnemacmzadas nb ca snernemb. Eob nc o`jntmvo dn mblnrsmb o`snrva ca

partn apmeac dn cas ecucas. Dntnrlmba qu tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn ca supnrgmemn dnc nstlako,

dm`jaco y dnser`nco.

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nb nc eortn dnc duodnbo `usea nc eortn cobkmtudmbac dn cas vnccosmdadns qun sob proyneemobns dn ca

lueosa. Nc npmtncmo dn ca lueosa nst gorlado por ecucas actas nspnemacmzadas nb ca a`soremb.

Lnzecadas eob nccas sn nbeunbtrab ecucas eacmemgorlns. Dntnrlmba qu tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn ca

supnrgmemn dnc duodnbo, dm`jaco y dnser`aco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nb ca calmbmcca dnc ovmdueto nbeobtrar otra varmndad dn npmtncmo emcbdrmeo, nxalmba ca lodmgmeaemb

dnc `ordn apmeac, dntnrlmba qun tmpmo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn ca supnrgmemn dnc ovmdueto, dm`jaco y

dnser`aco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nxalmba nc eortn dn trquna. Coeacmza nc npmtncmo, aubqun ns ub npmtncmo smlpcn parnen nstar

gorlado por varmas eapas por

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^BMWNPUMDAD EOOYNPATMWA DN EOCOL@MA

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LNDMEMBA

FMUTOCOKMA

LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]Oqun cos becnos nstb smtuados a dmstmbtos bmvncns. Nb ca partn apmeac, nstas ecucas tmnbnb emcmos.

O`snrva nc aspneto dn nstas zobas eob nc o`jntmvo dn mblnrsmb. Dntnrlmba qun tmpmo dn npmtncmo

rnvmstn ca supnrgmemn dnc trquna, dm`jaco y dnser`aco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Pnvmsa afora nc npmtncmo qun rnvmstn ca parnd dnc nsgako nb su ara mbtnrba8 nstn npmtncmo tmnbn varmas

eapas dn ecucas. Dntnrlmbn euabtas eapas sn dmstmbkunb, abacmza sm tmnbn lodmgmeaemobns nb ca

supnrgmemn apmeac, lnbemoba qu tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn nsta supnrgmemn, dm`jaco y dnser`aco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Nxalmba nc eortn dn pmnc8 nc npmtncmo nb nstn easo lunstra nb cas eapas supnrmorns qunratmbmzaemb o

eorbmgmeaemb. Dntnrlmba euabtas eapas sn dmstmbkunb, abacmza ca eapa dn qunratmba nb ca supnrgmemn

apmeac, o`snrvn cas kcbducas sn`enas y sudorparas. Lnbemoba qun tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn nsta

supnrgmemn, dm`jaco y dnser`nco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

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^BMWNPUMDAD EOOYNPATMWA DN EOCOL@MA

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LNDMEMBA

FMUTOCOKMA

LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O

Nstudma ca calmbmcca dn ca vnjmka. Nstn tmpo dn npmtncmo eu`rn toda ca va urmbarma. Nc aspneto dn cas

ecucas supnrgmemacns sn lodmgmea dn aeunrdo eob nc krado dn dmstnbemb, y a lnbudo cas ecucas

ls supnrgmemacns sob `mbuecnadas. Dntnrlmba euabtas eapas sn dmstmbkunb8 abacmza eob atnbemb ca

gorla dn cas ecucas nb ca eapa supnrgmemac, lnbemoba qun tmpo dn npmtncmo rnvmstn nsta supnrgmemn,

dm`jaco y dnser`aco.

Oeucar: ____V

O`jntmvo: ____V

Totac: ____ V

Kcbduca sudorpara. Fnlatoxmcmba nosmba 19x

Nb pmnc o`snrvn cas kcbducas sudorparas nstas sob kcbduca tu`ucar smlpcn nbroccada, por nsta

razb acc valos a o`snrvar lctmpcns eortns trabsvnrsacns dn uba lmsla kcbduca qun eorrnspobdn

ac eobdueto dn ca kcbduca sudorpara, a nstn bmvnc o`snrvn uba do`cn eapa dn ecucas dn cas euacns

cas ecucas qun nsta faema ca cuz prnsnbtab becno rndobdos y ub emtopcasla pcmdo, lmnbtras qun

cas ecucas qun nstb dn`ajo sob dn nstruetura pcaba eob sus becnos ovacados y apcabados. Nstn

npmtncmo sn eoboen eolo npmtncmo e`meo nstratmgmeado.

Oeucar: _____x

O`jntmeo: _____x

Totac: ____x

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LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O@M@CMOKPAGMA

1. Tnxto kua para rnsocuemb dn eobgcmetos: Kartbnr, C., Fmatt, J. (0996) Tnxto Atcas dn

Fmstocoka. Lxmeo: Lekraw-Fmcc

0. Poss, L. y Yawcmba, [. (099;)Fmstocoka Tnxto y atcas eocor eob `mocoka Encucar y

locneucar. @unbos Amrns: Ndmtormac Ldmea Yabalnrmeaba.

5. [ncsef, ^. (0996) Fmstocoka dn Uo`otta. @unbos Amrns: Ndmtormac Ldmea Yabalnrmeaba

4. Gawentt, D. (1==>) Tratado dn Fmstocoka @cool. Ladrmd: Lekraw-Fmcc

>. Knbnsnr, G., Qvortrup, H., Trabul-Jnbsnb, J., Efrmstnbsnb, N., @runc, A. (0914)Knbnsnr

Fmstocoka. Lxmeo: Ndmtormac Ldmea Yabalnrmeaba.

7. Eum, D., Bagtnc, J., Dacny, [., Cybef, J., Fambns, D., ]abk, K., Grathmb, J. (0911) Fmstocoka eob

eorrncaemobns gubemobacns y ecbmeas. Nspaa: Cmppmbeott [mccmals & [mchmb.

;. Unpucvnda, J, Lndmba, P. (0911) Fmstocoka @mocoka encucar y tmsucar mbstruetmvo dn

ca`oratormo. Lxmeo: Lekraw-Fmcc.

6. Endmnc, J., Eardnbas, L., Kaea, A., Efuamrn, C., Yayb, E., Wmccnkas, W., Ubefnz, E. (099=)

Labuac dn Fmstocoka: tnjmdos gubdalnbtacns. @okot: Ndmtormac ^bmvnrsmdad dnc Posarmo.

=. Eastanda, L. (0995) Fmstocoka Knbnrac: tnjmdos gubdalnbtacns. Kua dn Ca`oratormo.

Tubja: Ndmemobns bm`oyaea.

19.Eastanda, Z. (0995) Fstocoka Nspnemac: Orkabokraga. Kua dn Ca`oratormo. Tubja:

Ndmemobns bm`oyaea.

11.Yomrmnr, J., Pm`adnau, J., Eataca, L., Abdr, J., Kfnrardm, P., @nrbaudmb, J. (0999) Labuac dn

Fmstocoka. @arencoba: Lassob.

10.fttp://fmstocoky.lnd.ulmef.ndu/sefnducn/ubdnrkraduatn-kraduatn

15.fttp://www.`u.ndu/fmstocoky/l/

http://histology.med.umich.edu/schedule/undergraduate-graduatehttp://histology.med.umich.edu/schedule/undergraduate-graduatehttp://histology.med.umich.edu/schedule/undergraduate-graduatehttp://www.bu.edu/histology/m/http://www.bu.edu/histology/m/http://www.bu.edu/histology/m/http://www.bu.edu/histology/m/http://histology.med.umich.edu/schedule/undergraduate-graduate

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^BMWNPUMDAD EOOYNPATMWA DN EOCOL@MA

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LNDMEMBA

FMUTOCOKMA

LD. J^AB EAPCOU PO@A]O