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ZNHRJW]HELE MAAVJWLUHRL EJ MA@ADGHL

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Hejnthbhmlr dhmrasmphmldjntj `ls ehbjrjntjs jstrumturls quj manbardln j` shstjdlnjrvhasa mjntrl` y pjrhbrhma marrj`lmhannea`ls man su bunmhn.

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Ehbjrjnmhl `as ehvjrsas thpas ej m`u`ls quj manbardln j` tjihea njrvhasa.

Hejnthbhml l` dhmrasmapha pthma `ls ehbjrjntjs jstrumturls quj manbardln j` tjiheanjrvhasa l nhvj` mjntrl` (martjzl mjrjgrl`, mjrjgj`a, gu`ga rlqueja y deu`l) ypjrhbrhma (njrvha mhthma).

DLWMA UJAWHMA

J` shstjdl njrvhasa jst jspjmhl`hzlea jn `l maneummhn, trlnsdhshn y trltldhjnta ej `lhnbardlmhn.

Ejsej j` punta ej vhstl lnltdhma, j` shstjdl njrvhasa sj ehvhej jn shstjdl njrvhasamjntrl` (mjrjgra, mjrjgj`a, gu`ga rlqueja y deu`l jsphnl`) y shstjdl njrvhasapjrhbrhma(manbardlea par olno`has y njrvhas pjrhbrhmas).

Ejsej j` punta ej vhstl chsta`ohma, j` j`jdjnta gshma quj mansthtuyj j` tjihea njrvhasajs `l njuranl. Mlel njuranl pasjj un sadl (mujrpa) mj`u`lr man su rjspjmthva nm`ja.

Ej jstj sadl, tldghn manamhea mada pjrhmlrhn, sj ejsprjnej eas thpas ejpra`anolmhanjs9 `ls ejnerhtls quj trlnspartlr j` hdpu`sa njrvhasa clmhl j` sadl; y j`lxnquj trlnsdhtj `l sjl` njrvhasl ejsej j` sadl mj`u`lr y bujrl ej` dhsda clmhl suagijthva quj pujej sjr unl ejnerhtl, un lxn, un sadl a un rolna ejtjrdhnlea madajs j` mlsa ej `l p`lml njuradusmu`lr.

Jn un martj trlnsvjrsl` ej mul`quhjr jstrumturl quj sj ughquj l nhvj` mjntrl` (mjrjgra,mjrjgj`a, gu`ga rlqueja y deu`l jsphnl`) sj vln l ehbjrjnmhlr eas thpas ejma`arlmhanjs unl ds asmurl, `l sustlnmhl orhs, y atrl ej unl tanl`hele ds m`lrl `lsustlnmhl g`lnml, `l ma`arlmhn ejpjnej ej `ls jstrumturls quj sj ughquj jn unlejtjrdhnlel zanl. Js ls, quj `l sustlnmhl orhs jst manbardlel prhnmhpl`djntj par

lmdu`as ej mujrpas a sadls ej njuranls, dhjntrls quj `l sustlnmhl g`lnml jstmanbardlel par lxanjs man dhj`hnl raejleas ej a`hoaejneramhtas y dhmrao`hl.

]jon sjl `l jstrumturl, `l sustlnmhl orhs y `l sustlnmhl g`lnml sj ughmln ej unl dlnjrlmlrlmtjrsthml, js par jsta quj jn mjrjgra y mjrjgj`a `l sustlnmhl orhs sj ughml clmhl `lpjrhbjrhl ej ehmcl jstrumturl y `l sustlnmhl g`lnml jst ughmlel mjntrl`djntj; jn gu`garlqueja vldas l agsjrvlr mada plrmcjs ej sustlnmhl orhs raejleas ej sustlnmhlg`lnml y jn `l deu`l jsphnl`, `l sustlnmhl orhs leaptl unl pashmhn mjntrl` dhjntrls quj`l sustlnmhl g`lnml js lcarl pjrhbrhml.

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ZNHRJW]HELE MAAVJWLUHRL EJ MA@ADGHL

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Jn `l martjzl mjrjgrl`, `l sustlnmhl orhs vl l jstlr manbardlel par unl orln mlnthele ej

jstrumturls, `ls mul`js pjrdhtjn arolnhzlr`l jn mlpls ejpjnehjnea ej `l jstrumturl qujl`` jnmantrldas, jn j``l vldas l jnmantrlr un tatl` ej sjhs mlpls quj san9

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ZNHRJW]HELE MAAVJWLUHRL EJ MA@ADGHL

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ZNHRJW]HELE MAAVJWLUHRL EJ MA@ADGHL

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dlrhpasl. Jn j` mjntra ej `l sustlnmhl orhs vldas l agsjrvlr un maneuta mjntrl`, j`

louijra jpjnehdlrha, tlphzlea par jphtj`ha quj vl ejsej mghma clstl j` jphtj`hamh`nerhma shdp`j man vj``ashelejs, `ls m`u`ls jpjnehdlrhls. Jn j` lstl lntjrhar sjl`ailn `as mujrpas njuranl`js ej njuranls datarls du`thpa`lrjs orlnejs, hejnthbhmlg`jsman agijthvas sjmas egh`js.

BHOZWL 5. Jsqujdl quj rjprjsjntl l jstrumturl ojnjrl` ej l deu`l jsphnl`.

MZJ]UHANLWHA VWJ@LGAWLUAWHA

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Mjrjgra. Cjdltaxh`hnl y jashnl.

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Zgqujsj jn `l martjzl mjrjgrl` a sustlnmhl orhs, pujej agsjrvlr quj `as ehbjrjntjs thpas

ej m`u`ls sj ughmln ej unl dlnjrl ejtjrdhnlel elnea j` lspjmta ej jstlr ehstrhguheas

par jstrltas a mlpls. Hejnthbhquj `ls m`u`ls phrldhel`js par su mantarna trhlnou`lr, su

mhtap`lsdl asmura y orlnu`asa y j` nm`ja rjeanejlea man un num`a`a pradhnjntj. Jstj

thpa ej m`u`l sj ughmln jn eas rjohanjs ehbjrjntjs, `ls m`u`ls phrldhel`js ej djnar

tldla vln l jstlr mjrml ej `l supjrbhmhj bardlnea `l mlpl phrldhel` jxtjrnl, dhjntrls

quj `ls ds prabunels san ej dlyar tldla y clmjn plrtj ej `l mlpl phrldhel`

hntjrnl. Jn jstl prjplrlmhn na san vhshg`js nh `ls ejnerhtls nh j` lxanl`js. Hejnthbhquj `ls

sjhs mlpls ej `l martjzl mjrjgrl` tjnhjnea mada rjbjrjntj `ls mlpls phrldhel`js jxtjrnl

j hntjrnl.

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Mjrjgj`a . Cjdltaxh`hnl y jashnl. 56S.

Jn jstl prjplrlmhn agsjrvj `l ehspashmhn ej `l sustlnmhl orhs man rjspjmta l `l

sustlnmhl g`lnml. Hejnthbhquj `ls njuranls phrhbardjs (bardl ej pjrl) a ej Vurkhnij,

praphls ej `l martjzl mjrjgj`asl. Jstls san `ls m`u`ls ej dlyar tldla jn madplrlmhn

man `ls ejds m`u`ls ej` mjrjgj`a, quj sj ughmln jn bardl ej ch`jrl jntrj `l mlpl

da`jmu`lr y `l mlpl orlnu`asl ej `l martjzl mjrjgj`asl. Ejsmrhgl y ehguij.

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V`jxa maraheja. Cjdltaxh`hnl y jashnl.

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Jn un martj trlnsvjrsl` ej olno`ha agsjrvj su jstrumturl, pujej vjr sadls ej njuranls

ej orln tldla man su nm`ja y marrjspanehjntj num`a`a. \u thpa ej njuranl `a

manbardl1

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