Importancia de Los Granos Basicos

7/25/2019 Importancia de Los Granos Basicos

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UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALAFACULTAD DE AGRONOMAREA TECNOLGICASUBREA DE MANEJO Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTASMDULO DE PRODUCCIN DE GRANOS BSICOS 2015

Gabr!" A"!#a$%r& Gar'a R(!ra201)00)2*

TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACINIMPORTANCIA DE LOS GRANOS BSICOS EN LA

SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y EN LA ECONOMA CAMPESINA ENGUATEMALA

1. PRESENTACIN:

La $+!,-r%a% a".!$/ara $-/r'&$a" !$ G-a/!.a"a !+ -$ar&b"!./'a 3-! $& +! 4a &%%& +&"-'&$ar 'a%a '-a/r& %! %!6 $7&+.!$&r!+ %! 5 a7&+ +-8r!$ %! %!+$-/r'9$ 'r9$'a 3-! r!/ar%a !"'r!'.!$/& %! !+/a/-ra: !$ "a+ '&.-$%a%!+ $%;,!$a+ !+ a La !'&$&.;a'a.!+$a !$ $-!+/r& a;+ +,-! +!$%& ba#a !$ "a+ '&.-$%a%!+r-ra"!+ !+/a r&b"!./'a +! +,-! %a$%& %!b%& a 3-! "a .a&r;a %!'a.!+$&+ $& &+!!$ /!rra+ r&a+ ara /raba#ar a",-$&+ r!+/a$ &a"3-"a$ /!rr!$&+ ara /raba#ar"&+ +a/+8a'!r a",-$a+ %! +-+$!'!+%a%!+ a".!$/'a+ !$ !" 4&,ar '&rr!$%& !" r!,& %! !r%!r /&%& 3-!%ar !$%!-%a%&+ '-a$%& +! r!+!$/a$ "&+ 8!$9.!$&+ '"./'&+ !$!" a7& 201) +! r&%-#& -$a 'a$;'-"a .- r&"&$,a%a 3-! arr-$& "a.a&r;a %! '-"/(&+ .-'4&+ 'a.!+$&+ +-8r!r&$ !+'a+!6 %!a".!$/&+ "&+ 'a.!+$&+ %! +-b++/!$'a '-"/(a$ r$'a".!$/!,ra$&+ b+'&+ a",-$a+ 4&r/a"6a+> L&+ ,ra$&+ b+'&+ +&$ .-.&r/a$/!+ !$ "a %!/a %! "&+ ,-a/!.a"/!'&+ %!b%& a 3-! +- a"/&

'&$/!$%& !$!r,=/'& %! 'arb&4%ra/&+ r&/!;$a+> E" &b#!/(& %!r!a"6ar !+/! !$+a& !+ '&.r!$%!r &r3-! +&$ .&r/a$/!+ "&+ ,ra$&+

1> CACIF FUNDESA> ?2011@> ISDE Gra$&+ B+'&+> A$"++ +!'/&ra"> Pr!+!$/a'9$>1

2> IARNA> URL> ?2010@> E(a"-a'9$ %! "a +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara "a a,r'-"/-ra !$G-a/!.a"a> )2>

*> ICTA> MARIO R> ?2002@> E" C-"/(& %! Ma;6 !$ G-a/!.a"a> )) >)> MAGAUPIE> ?1@> P&";/'a %! Gra$&+ B+'&+> G-a/!.a"a> 2) 5> UNICEF> ?2010@> R!&r/! %! D!+$-/r'9$> G-a/!.a"a> C&$+-"/a%& !" 11 %! S!

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http://www.unicef.org/guatemala/spanish/panorama_18467.htmhttp://www.unicef.org/guatemala/spanish/panorama_18467.htm


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2. DESARROLLO:

S! !$/!$%! &r +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara '-a$%& +! /!$! a''!+& 8;+'& !'&$9.'& a -$a 'a$/%a% a%!'-a%a %! a".!$/& !+/&+ %!b!$ +!r +a$&+ +!,-r&+ $-/r/(&+ ara &%!r +a/+8a'!r "a+ $!'!+%a%!+$-/r'&$a"!+>La +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara $-/r'&$a" ?SAN@ !$ G-a/!.a"a !+r!'&$&'%a '&.& -$ %!r!'4& 4-.a$& b+'& '&.& r!rr!3-+/& ara

a"'a$6ar .!#&r!+ $(!"!+ %! %!+arr&""& 4-.a$&> S! 4a '&.r&ba%& 3-!"a .a"$-/r'9$ %!+a'!"!ra !" 'r!'.!$/& !'&$9.'& &r '&$+,-!$/!!r.a$!'! "a &br!6a %!b%& a '-a/r& 8a'/&r!+

1> =r%%a+ %r!'/a+ %! r&%-'/(%a% ! $,r!+& %!r(a%& %!" .a"!+/a%& %! +a"-%>

2> =r%%a+ $%r!'/a+ &r !" %!/!r&r& %! "a+ 8-$'&$!+ '&,$/(a+ "a8a"/a %! !+'&"ar%a%>

*> =r%%a+ &r !" a-.!$/& %! "&+ '&+/&+ %! "a a/!$'9$ !$ +a"-%>)> =r%%a+ !$ !" &/!$'a" b&"9,'& 4-.a$&>

La +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara %!!$%! %! "a %+&$b"%a% a''!+& a "&+a".!$/&+ "a $-/r'9$ "a 'a"%a% %! "&+ a".!$/&+ '&$+-.%&+ a+; '&.&%! "a+ '&$%'&$!+ %! +a"-% +a$!a.!$/& a.b!$/a" 3-! !r./!$ a"&r,a$+.& ar&(!'4ar %! .a$!ra 9/.a "&+ a".!$/&+> E$ G-a/!.a"a"a+ '&$%'&$!+ %! $+!,-r%a% a".!$/ara $-/r'&$a" +! !(%!$'a$ a"a$a"6ar "&+ $%'a%&r!+ %! %!+$-/r'9$ 'r9$'a ,"&ba" a,-%a> S!, La %!+$-/r'9$ 'r9$'a a8!'/a




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a''!+& a" a,-a &/ab"! ar&.a%a.!$/! +!+ .""&$!+ $& /!$!$a''!+& a +!r('&+ %! +a$!a.!$/& .!#&ra%&> La .a/r'-"a'9$ !$ "a!$+!7a$6a r.ara +! 4a $'r!.!$/a%& $&/ab"!.!$/! "&+ S$ !.bar,& "a !r.a$!$'a !$ "a !+'-!"a +,-!+!$%& -$ r&b"!.a !+!$'a" a 3-! +9"& '-a/r& %! 'a%a %!6 $7&+ $7a+ 3-! '&.!$6a$ !+/! ''"& "& '-".$a$> La+ $7a+ $%;,!$a+ a++/!$!$ r&.!%& +9"& /r!+ a7&+> ?UNICEF 2010@>La %!+$-/r'9$ ,"&ba" ?ba#& !+& !$ r!"a'9$ a "a !%a%@ !+ !$ r&.!%&%!" 2* !r& 4a .a&r $'%!$'a !$ "a &b"a'9$ r-ra" $%;,!$a !$

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$!,a/(a.!$/! !$ "a +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara %! "a &b"a'9$> E(a"-a'9$%! "a +!,-r%a% a".!$/ara "a a,r'-"/-ra !$ G-a/!.a"a Da,$9+/'& r&-!+/a+ %! a''9$ 2 %!+a+/r!+ $a/-ra"!+ - &/ra+ '&$%'&$!+ =+/a 4aa"'a$6a%& 4a+/a !" H !$ "a &b"a'9$ a8!'/a%a>

2.1 ECONOMIA CAMPESINA EN GUATEMALA.

D!$/r& %! "a+ a'/(%a%!+ .&r/a$/!+ !$ "a !'&$&.;a ,-a/!.a"/!'a +!!$'-!$/ra "a a,r'-"/-ra !+/a !+ -$a %! "a+ 8-$%a.!$/a"!+ a'/(%a%!+%! "a !'&$&.;a %! $-!+/r& a;+ a 3-! +! '&$+//-! -$a ,ra$ 8-!$/! %!a".!$/&+ ara "a &b"a'9$ ,-a/!.a"/!'a>




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Ma;6 a.ar""& ?-+& a$.a"@ 1)

D'4& '-"/(& a-.!$/9 25 !$/r! 2005 200 !r& 'a9 %!" !$/r!2002010 a 'a-+a %! "a 'r++ !'&$9.'a 8!$9.!$&+ '"./'&+?/&r.!$/a A,a/4a@> G-a/!.a"a .&r/a -$a ar/! .&r/a$/! %! +-'&$+-.& %! .a;6 !$ !" 200 0 %!" .a;6 a.ar""& '&$+-.%& 2%!" .a;6 b"a$'& '&$+-.%& "a !K'!$'a ,-a/!.a"/!'a !$ !" '-"/(& %!.a;6 !+ .!$&r 3-! "a ./a% %!" r&.!%&> ?CACIF 2011@>

G-a/!.a"a '-"/(a "a .a&r;a %! "&+ 8r#&"!+ 3-! '&$+-.! !" '-"/(& %!8r#&"!+ a-.!$/& 4a+/a !" 200 ? !$/r! 2005 200@ !r& ba#& !$ !"200 a 'a-+a %! "a 'r++ G-a/!.a"a $& !&r/a -$a ar/! +,$K'a$/!%! +- '-"/(& %! 8r#&" La !K'!$'a ,-a/!.a"/!'a !$ !" '-"/(& %! 8r#&" !++."ar a" r&.!%& .-$%a"> Para !" '-"/(& %! arr&6 G-a/!.a"a $&

!&r/a +- r&%-''9$ +$& 3-! .&r/a .+ %!" 0 %!" arr&6 3-! +!'&$+-.! !" '-"/(& "&'a" %! arr&6 $& 4a 'a.ba%& +,$K'a/(a.!$/! !$"&+

P!+! a 3-! "a r&%-''9$ %! .a;6 8r#&" arr&6 (a !$ a-.!$/& "a'&+!'4a a1 .""&$!+ %!3-$/a"!+ %! 8r#&" !r& a%!.+ +! /-(!r&$ 3-! .&r/ar 2H ." 202




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L&+ ,ra$&+ b+'&+ +&$ "a r$'a" 8-!$/! %! 'arb&4%ra/&+ ?H5@ %!r&/!;$a ?1@ !$ "a %!/a %! "&+ ,-a/!.a"/!'&+> E" r$'a" '-"/(& %!"&+ ,ra$&+ b+'&+ !+ !" .a;6> La '&$/rb-'9$ %!" .a;6 !$ "a $,!+/a!r'/a %! !$!r,;a r&/!;$a !+ a"/a *> *H>5r!+!'/(a.!$/! '&.ara%& '&$ !" 8r#&" $!,r& 3-! r!+!$/a (a"&r!+ %!>5 22> !" arr&6 '&$/!$! -$ a"/& '&$/!$%& %! r&/!;$a >H!r& ba#& !$ r&/!;$a > E" '&$+-.& r&.!%& !r'/a %! .a;6 &ra7& !+ %! 11) ,> S$ !.bar,& !+/! (a"&r ba#& '&$%'&$!+ %! .!$&r

$,r!+& !'&$9.'& 8a."ar -!%! 4a+/a %-"'ar+!>

E$ G-a/!.a"a +! 4a$ %!$/K'a%& '-a/r& 'a/!,&r;a+ %! r&%-'/&r!+r-ra"!+ a,r;'&"a+ a +ab!r 'a.!+$&+ r&%-'/&r!+ +$ /!rrar&%-'/&r!+ %! +-b++/!$'a r&%-'/&r!+ !'!%!$/ar&+ ?!3-!7&r&%-'/&r '&.!r'a"@ ,ra$%!+ r&%-'/&r!+ a,r;'&"a+ '&.!r'a"!+>C&$+%!ra$%& 3-! "a &br!6a "a $+!,-r%a% a".!$/ara $-/r'&$a"+! '&$'!$/ra$ !$ "&+ ,r-&+ %! 'a.!+$&+ r&%-'/&r!+ +$ /!rra

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Importancia de Los Granos Basicos

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