Ingles Grados de Un Adjetivo

7/31/2019 Ingles Grados de Un Adjetivo

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GRADOS DE UN ADJETIVOLos grados de comparacin del adjetivo son tres:

POSITIVO: Es el adjetivo en su forma simple, bsica: nice, lindo; big, grande;COMPARATIVO: Establece la relacin o comparacin entre dos cosas;SUPERLATIVO: Denota el ms alto grado de una cualidad.

Estos dos ltimos grados se explican a continuacin y tienen siempre como punto departida el adjetivo en su grado positivo:COMPARATIVOS

DE IGUALDADAFIRMATIVO AS + adjective + AS = TAN + adjetivo + COMO

This book is as interesting as that magazine.Este libro es tan interesante comoesa revista.

Buenos Aires is as expensive as TokyoBuenos Aires es tan cara como Tokio.

NEGATIVO NOT AS + adjective + AS = NO TAN + adjetivo + COMOThis flat is not as big as that house.

Este departamento no es tan grande como esa casa.Paris is not as expensive as Tokyo

Pars no es tan cara como Tokio.

DE SUPERIORIDADLos monoslabos y los bislabos terminados en sonido voclico o con acento en lasegunda slaba forman el comparativo aadiendo -er al adjetivo:

ADJETIVOS HASTA2 SILABAS adjective + ER + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE

This book is cheaper than that magazine.

Este libro es ms barato queesa revista.Con los polislabos se antepone more (ms) al adjetivo seguido de than (quecomparativo):

ADJETIVOS DE MASDE 2 SILABAS MORE + adjective + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE

Paris is more interesting than Los Angeles.

Pars es ms interesante que Los Angeles.DE INFERIORIDADSe antepone less (menos) al adjetivo seguido de than (que comparativo):

less expensive than, menos caro que; less intelligent than, menos inteligente que.


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SUPERLATIVOS

1. Los monoslabos y bislabos aaden la terminacin -est al adjetivo:You are the tallest, eres el ms alto; Mount Everest is the highest mountain, el monteEverest es la montaa ms alta.2. Los polislabos anteponen the most (el ms, los ms, la ms, las ms) al adjetivo:This book is the most expensive, este libro es el ms caro.3. El superlativo de inferioridad se forma aadiendo the least (el menos) al adjetivo:La Rioja is the least expensive province in Argentina, La Rioja es la provincia argentinamenos cara.COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES

good,buenobad,malolate,tardelittle,pocomuch,

muchomany,muchosold,viejo

better than, mejor queworse than, peor quelater than o latter, posteriorless than, menos quemore than, ms quemore than, ms queolder than o elder than, mayor que

the best, elmejorthe worst, elpeorthe latest o thelast, el ltimothe least, elmnimothemost, el

mximothemost, elmximotheoldest otheeldest, elmayor

adjectives with -er/-est, more/most,less/least in comparative/superlative

Kim from South Korea writes:

In a BBC article on a business news web page, ajournalist wrote:

"The emerging markets that investors can easily

put money into seem a lot more riskythanthey did."

Shouldn't it be riskier? Can you explain? Thankyou in advance.


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-er /-est or more/most with one/three-syllable adjectives?

It is clear that adjectives of one syllable normally end in -er and -est in theircomparative and superlative forms whilst the comparative and superlative ofadjectives with three or more syllables are formed with more and most:

The water in the pool was colderthan I expected it to be on what was thehottestday of the year.

They always go to the most expensive restaurants where you can seethe most glamorous people in the world.

The work I do is nowmore satisfying because the conditions under which

I work are more satisfactory.

-er /-est or more/most with two-syllable adjectives?

When it comes to two-syllable adjectives, the case is less clear cut. With some two-syllable adjectives, -er/-est and more/most are both possible:

The water here isshallower / more shallowthan it is further up thebeach.

The grey squirrel is one of the most common / commonestrodents thatyou will see in England.

Others, with particular endings, tend to folllow either one or the other pattern:

-y > -ier

Two-syllable adjectives which end with consonant + -y nearly always form theircomparatives and superlatives with -ier and -iest:

You are one ofthe messiestpeople I know. Even Jane is tidierthan youare.

I'm busierthan I used to be so I have to get up even earlierthan before.

It would be unusual, I think, for the comparative or superlative to be formed withmore or most in these examples. However, in your example, Kim, with risky, bothpatterns appear possible. It may be the case that more risky works well herebecause it is combined with a modifying phrase such as a lot. Compare also the

following:

Walking along this mountain path is much more riskyin winter than it isin summer.

However, as a general rule, stick to -ier / -iest with two-syllable adjectives whichend with consoant + y

-ful / -less / -ing / -ed / -ous

Note that two-syllable adjectives with these endings always form their comparativesand superlatives with more and most:

Having a tooth extracted was more painfulthan I expected it to be. The situation is even more hopeless than I thought. She will never

recover.

The most boring part of the weekend was listening to Jane's jokes. I'm more worriedthan you are about Tom and I've only known him for

two days.

The two brothers are both well-known internationally, but I would say thatGiles is the more famous.


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less / least

Note that when we are making the not-so-much comparison, less and least arethe only options open to us, unless we use the construction not asas:

I'm not as hungrytodayas I was yesterday. I am less hungrytodaythan I was yesterday.

I was angriestwith John about the spoilt weekend. I'm less angrywithyou. But I'm stillangry, nevertheless.

Why don't you sit here? This is the least uncomfortable of our chairs.

Note that we tend not to use less and least to form comparatives /superlatives with one syllable adjectives, as short adjectives often haveother words as their opposites. Compare the following:

Your cooking is less blandthan Mary's. - Your cooking isspicier thanMary's.

It's less warm today, don't you think? - It's coolertoday, don't youthink?

FAVORES, PETICIONES FORMALES E INFORMALES

1. Peticiones formales

Para solicitar o conceder permiso hemos visto que se puede emplear can.

Can I ask you a question? Yes, of course you canPuedo hacerte una pregunta? S, por supuesto que puedes

You can go home now, if you likePuedes marcharte a casa ahora, si lo deseas

Can es la forma ms usada, pero en un estilo ms formal se utiliza el condicional could - podra, envez de can - puedo. Tambin hay otro verbo modal may - puedo, que se usa para hacer peticioneso conceder permiso en un estilo ms formal.

Could I ask you a question, if you are not too busy?Podra hacerte una pregunta, si no ests demasiado ocupado?

You may go home now, if you likePuede marcharse a casa ahora, si lo desea

Veamos un ejemplo:

come in? - uso informalCould I come in? o May I come in? - uso formal


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Para pedir ayuda tambin utilizamos can y could pero no may.

Can you help me? Could you help me?Puedes ayudarme? Podras ayudarme?

Veamos algunos ejemplos ms:

Can you give me a hand? Yes, all rightPuedes echarme una mano? S, de acuerdo

Could you lend me five pounds? Yes, of coursePodras prestarme cinco libras? S, por supuesto

Could you help me, please? I'm sorry, I'm a bit busyMe podra ayudar, por favor? Lo siento, estoy ocupado

May I use your phone? Sure. Go aheadPuedo usar su telfono? Por supuesto. Adelante.

Formal: How are you?

Informal: What's up?

F: Look at her!

IF: Get a load of that!

F: John and Jane were married last week.

IF: They got hitched last week.

F: He's a drug addict.

IF: He's a junky.

F: He's drunk.

IF: He's wasted.

F: I was angry

IF: I was pissed off (vulgar)

or, I was ticked of (not vulgar)

F: Independent music/films

IF: Indie music/films

F: John and Jane are a couple.

IF: John and Jane are an item.

F: He is a coward.

IF: He is a wuss.

F: That's nonsense.

IF: That's baloney.


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F: He doesn't have any money.

IF: He's broke.

F: She's left-handed.

IF: She's a lefty.

F: Let's go!

IF: Come on! or, c'mon!

F: He is crazy

IF: He's a nut/he's nutty.

Ingles Grados de Un Adjetivo

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