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Ing. Victor Paye HuarancaCel. 71911380
CONSTRUCCIÓN YMANEJO DE
INVERNADEROS
CONSTRUCCICONSTRUCCIÓÓN YN YMANEJO DEMANEJO DE
INVERNADEROSINVERNADEROS
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UMSAUMSA -- UTBUTB –– U. LOYOLAU. LOYOLA -- UCBUCB -- UPEAUPEA
DOCENTE
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BrasilBrasil
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ArgentinaArgentina
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A partir de la Primera Guerra Mundial aparecenlos plásticos y con ellos su uso en laagricultura (polietileno, poliestireno o PVC).A partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundialaparecieron los plásticos rígidos (poliéster…)
La industrialización en el sigloXIX trajo un rápido desarrollo dela tecnología de invernaderos. Lamayoría de invernaderos eran deconstrucción sencilla siendocalentados con materia orgánicao mediante estufas. En Holandase invernaderos hasta que en1937 se construyó el invernaderoVenlo a base de acero y cristal
HolandaHolanda
EspañaEspaña
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Invernaderos triple túnelInvernaderos triple túnel
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EspañaEspaña
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ColombiaColombia
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La Paz - BoliviaLa Paz - Bolivia
Construcción del autor – 2005 (UMSA)Construcción del autor – 2005 (UMSA)
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QUE SE PRODUCENEN LOS
INVERNADEROS?
QUE SE PRODUCENEN LOS
INVERNADEROS?
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HORTALIZASHORTALIZAS
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13TomateTomate
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15MelonMelon
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UMSAUMSA--FAFACentro ExperimentalCentro Experimental
Cota cotaCota cota
PepinoPepino
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20Melon en mulchMelon en mulch
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Hidroponia en sustratosHidroponia en sustratos
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Hidroponia en sustratoHidroponia en sustrato
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CULTIVO DE CAROTEPepinillo en hidroponiaPepinillo en hidroponia
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Hidroponia en NFTHidroponia en NFT
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FrutillasFrutillas
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LechugasLechugas
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PlantinesPlantines
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Almácigos flotantes de tabacoAlmácigos flotantes de tabaco
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FLORESFLORES
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33GerberasGerberas
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3428/03/2012 UCB - Facultad de Agronomía 34Gerbera CbbaGerbera Cbba
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3528/03/2012 UCB - Facultad de Agronomía 35
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Clavel de corte (Flor deEmpresa - Cbba)
Clavel de corte (Flor deEmpresa - Cbba)
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Clavel de corte (Finca DoriFlor – La Paz)
Clavel de corte (Finca DoriFlor – La Paz)
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Clavel de corte (Visita de Comunidad de Combaya)Clavel de corte (Visita de Comunidad de Combaya)
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3928/03/2012 UCB - Facultad de Agronomía 39
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Las flores... deleitable don de Dios al hombre
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41Rosas de corteRosas de corte
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44Crisantemo tipo arañitaCrisantemo tipo arañita
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Programa detrabajo
Programa detrabajo
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Curso 1:Diseño y construcción de
invernaderos• Definición• Historia de invernaderos• Diseño de los sistemas de protección para
cultivos• Tipos de construcción de invernaderos• Tecnologías para la construcción de
invernaderos
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Curso 2:Materiales de usados para los
invernaderos• Tipos de plásticos empleados en la
agricultura• Propiedades físicas y bioquímicas de los
plásticos• Nuevos materiales plásticos y
perspectivas de utilización• Los plásticos y el medio ambiente
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“Se entiende por invernadero todo abrigo, cierro o invernáculo deconstrucción alta o baja, más o menos perfecta, cuyoacondicionamiento puede ser controlado y bajo el cual se cultivanvariedades hortícolas y ornamentales”
“Construcción especial en la que la cubierta y las paredes sontransparentes y dejan pasar la luz, y que se emplean para cultivarplantas mediante el control del clima en el que se desarrollan”
“Construcción agrícola, cuyo objetivo es la producción sistemáticay fuera de estación de productos horto-frutícolas, convirtiéndoseen instrumento de trabajo que permite controlar eficazmente losrendimientos en calidad y cantidad”
Definición de invernaderoDefinición de invernadero
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Invernadero48x12 m
Invernadero48x12 m
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Invernadero20 x 8 m
Invernadero20 x 8 m
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• Precocidad de la cosecha.• Aumento de rendimientos (cvs. Mejorados).• Factibilidad de obtener cosechas fuera de la
temporada habitual para la zona.• Factibilidad de obtención de 2-3 o mas
cosechas por año en el mismo suelo.• Productos sanos, limpios, homogéneos.• Ahorro de agua.
Ventajas del uso deinvernaderos
Ventajas del uso deinvernaderos
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• Control del medioambiente(T°,HR,CO2,AR,Ventilación).
• Menor incidencia de plagas y enfermedades.• Factibilidad de usar riego tecnificado – fertirriego.• Optimización del uso de la mano de obra.
Continuacion...Continuacion...
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Historia de los invernaderosHistoria de los invernaderos
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Evolución de la superficie de invernaderos en el mundo 1991-1999
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EspañaEspaña
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EspañaEspaña
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M M
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BoliviaBolivia
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Empresa Las Colinas Agrosol(La Paz)
Empresa Las Colinas Agrosol(La Paz)
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UMSA F.Agronomia (La Paz),Diseño y contruccion del autor.
UMSA F.Agronomia (La Paz),Diseño y contruccion del autor.
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Universidad Misael Saracho(Tarija – Bolivia)
Universidad Misael Saracho(Tarija – Bolivia)
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Camas de transplanteJaula antiáfidos
10 m20
m
5 m
Plantas madre frutilla
UJAMSUJAMS
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Proinpa – Toralapa (Cbba – Bolivia)Proinpa – Toralapa (Cbba – Bolivia)
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Empresa Clavelito (Cbba)Empresa Clavelito (Cbba) 11
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22
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Empresa Flobolsa (Cbba)Empresa Flobolsa (Cbba)
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Empresa Flor Alex (Cbba)Empresa Flor Alex (Cbba)
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Empresa Finca Dori Flor (LP)Empresa Finca Dori Flor (LP)
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Flor de Empresa (Cbba)Flor de Empresa (Cbba)
Continua…