ISSST 2015 Presentation
Transcript of ISSST 2015 Presentation
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Facilitating Probabilistic Characterization Factors for Emerging Contaminants
Alex Cano, Dr. Valentina Prado, Dr. Thomas Seager, Ben WenderMS Graduate Student
May 19, 2015
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Traditional Life Cycle Assessment
Material &energy inputs
Emissions to air, water & soil
Raw materials
Manufacturing
Product use
End of life
Recycling
Per Functional Unit
?
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[CTUe ≡ PAF m3 day / kg] = [day] [%] [PAF m3 / kg]
FFmolecular weightoctanol-water part. coef.carbon-water part. coef.henry's law coef.vapor pressuresolubilitydisol. carbon-water part. coef.degredation rates; air, water…bioaccumulation factor
Multi species toxicology indicator
Multi-media nested box models
Material parameters
surv
ival
concentration
Species 1 2 3
PAF
Current practices in LCA are retrospective
Current practices in LCA are retrospective
USETox Characterization Factor Calculation
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Early estimates for freshwater ecotoxicity CFs for CNTs demonstrate high uncertainty
0 20K 40K 60K0
50u
25u
75u
CF
Proba
bility
Dens
ity
Characterization factor value, [CTUe ≡ PAF m3 day/ kg]
CNT, worst case, Eckelman 2012~29,000 CTUe
CNT, realistic, Eckelman 2012~3,700 CTUe
MWCNT, Rodriguez 2014~750 CTUe
SWCNT, Rodriguez 2014 ~.125 CTUe
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Partly due to high parameter uncertainty and lack of consensus regarding key properties
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USETox designed to operate with point values
fr.waterC6.60E+01 [CTU e = PAF.m 3 .d.kg emitted
-1 ]
Parameter inputs →
CF output →
Misrepresents certainty of results
Provides no indication of CF sensitivity to input parameters
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USETox Analysis through Probabilistic Distributions
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Probabilistic Operation
0 20K 40K 60K0
50u
25u
75u
CF
Pro
bab
ility
Den
sity
CNT FW ecotox CF [CTUe]
Rela
tive
Cont
ributi
on
b
Rotenone ~70K
TCE ~ 80
Prob
abili
ty D
ensit
y
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Developing CFs for DNAN: Army Corps of Engineers
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Data provided by ERDC used to build uniform distributions for USETox-required parameters and program operated stochastically
Parameter Units Modeled as References
MW g/mol Point value: 183 Chemical formula
Kow [none] Uniform: 43 to 83 Boddu et al, 2008
Koc [L/kg] Uniform: 158 to 1258 ERDC/CRREL TR-14-23
Kh Pa m3 / mol Uniform: 1.5e-5 to 6.5e-5 EPIsuite & USETox QSARs; Boddu et al, 2008
Pvap Pa Uniform: 1.5e-3 to 9.2e-3 EPIsuite & USETox QSARs
Sol mg/L Uniform: 248 to 304 Taylor et al, 2013; Taylor et al 2015; +/-10%
Kdoc L/kg Uniform: 2.7 to 3.3 USETox QSAR, +/- 10%
Kdeg, air
1/s
Uniform: 2.2e-6 to 2.7e-6
EPIsuite, +/- 10%Kdeg, water
Uniform: 2.6e-6-2.6e-7Kdeg, soil
Kdeg, sed
Ave log LC50 Log (mg/L) Uniform: 1 to 1.2 ERDC/EL TR-13-2; Private communication
BAF fish L/kg Uniform: 1.9 to 4.4 EPIsuite & USETox QSARs
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Fate factor represents the residence time in freshwater column for which DNAN is bioavailable and is obtained from multi media box model
Freshwater fate factor, [day]
Freq
uenc
y di
strib
ution
Toluene, <5 day
Tetrachloroethylene ~ 5 day
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) ~ 50 day
• Despite uncertainty, DNAN has shorter residence time in freshwater than TNT
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Freshwater ecotox. effect factor, [PAF m3 / kg]
Freq
uenc
y di
strib
ution
Toluene, ~15 PAF m3 / kg
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) ~190 PAF m3 / kg
Effect factor represents toxicological response of aquatic organisms based on aggregated data from multiple species and trophic levels
• Despite uncertainty, DNAN has lower aggregate toxicity than TNT
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Freshwater ecotoxicity characterization factor, [CTUe ≡ PAF m3 day / kg]
Freq
uenc
y di
strib
ution
Toluene, ~56 CTU
Tetrachloroethylene ~607 CTU
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) ~9400 CTU
Characterization factor represents time and space integrated aquatic ecotoxicity impacts per kg released DNAN
• Despite uncertainty, DNAN has much lower aquatic ecotox potential than TNT
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Rank correlation analysis identifies those uncertainties most influential to CF results, in the case of DNAN uncertainty in fate-relevant parameters
Relative influence on CF uncertainty
EF
FF
XF
• Exposure factor contributes little, is effectively same as for TNT• DNAN exhibits significant reductions in aquatic ecotoxicity
potential compared to TNT• Need to revisit assumptions and distributions and get further
granularity in sensitivity analysis
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• Representing both TNT and DNAN• Probability distribution
• Calculate overlapping area
Next Step
Freshwater ecotoxicity characterization factor, [CTUe ≡ PAF m3 day / kg]Freq
uenc
y di
strib
ution
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) ~9400 CTU
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• United States Army Corps of Engineers • Research and Coordination Network
Thank you & Questions