Los 5 Principios Del Tui Shou

7/25/2019 Los 5 Principios Del Tui Shou

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Taiji Quan push hands

There are four basic Taiji Quan push hands and ghting skills - Zhan, Nian, Lian, and Sui.

They are also called four basic Nei in - internal trained force. !ithout use these skills,

one is not doing Taiji Quan. So that people usually say that these four skills are the

foundation of all Taiji Quan techni"ues. They should be included in e#ery$here. They are

the %ost i%portant characteristics of Taiji Quan. They sho$ the biggest di&erence

bet$een Taiji Quan and other %artial arts style. 't is $hy people al$ays use the% to

e(press Taiji Quan. They are used as the brief denition of Taiji Quan.

Zhi Ji Zhi Bi - "know yourself and your opponent"

To understand these four skills is the rst step to reach high le#el Taiji Quan skills.

)ushing hands practice is only $ay to learn these skills. Sensiti#ity is the basis of these

skills because all of the% re"uires people to kno$ their opponent*s reaction and fro%

the reaction to decide the right $ay of their response. This idea is so%eti%e started as

Zhi i Zhi +i - kno$ yourself and your opponent. !ithout this, one cannot do Taiji Quan

correctly. These four skills e%body so%e basic Taiji Quan principles, typically refereed to

as

1. Jie Li Da Li - "borrow force from your opponent and use his force to beat

him back"

2. Yi Jing Zhi Dong - "using sti to contro motion"

!. ou #a $ian Zhi - "aunching ater but reaching %rst"

&. 'he Ji (ong )en - "forget yoursef and obey *foow+ yied, your

opponent".

1. Zhan

The original %eaning of Zhan is to adhere or stick so%ething up. 'n Taiji Quan practice it

%eans to get your opponent to follo$ you a $hile under your control. 't looks as if your

opponent is struck to your hand or the other part of your body/. The technical ter% of

this is 0stick a person up1 't does not %ean to grip or hold hi% up2/. 'f you can do this

$ell continually, your opponent appears to follo$ you and ju%p as if you ha#e bounced

hi%. This $orks because you ha#e shaken and %o#ed his root and cause hi% to lose his


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balance and he $ill try to use you to regain it. !hen the opponent has lost his balance

and tries to use you to keep his balance, he %ust follo$ you to %o#e. !hile %ost of the

ti%e Zhan is used to get your opponent to follo$ you in an up$ard direction, it can be in

any direction. !hen using Zhan, you do not use your force to %o#e your opponent,

instead of he is %o#ed by his o$n force but by your control. So it is called borro$ force

fro% your opponent and use his force to beat hi% back. To do Zhan $ell, you %ust ha#e

really good basic kungfu, like sensiti#ity and integration, and also understand the basic

principles #ery $ell. Thus the le#el of your Taiji Quan skill al$ays can be judged fro% this

skill.

Jie Li Da Li - "borrow force from your opponent and use his force tobeat him back"

The key point of %aking Zhan $ell is to %ake your opponent lose his balance. +asically

there are t$o kind of %ethods for doing Zhan. !ith the rst %ethod, you can use so%e

skill to lead or seduce your opponent to loss his balance. 't is called lead co%ing in to

fall do$n into a e%pty place. 't $ill cause that he $ants to use so%ething to %aintain

his balance. 3t this ti%e, gi#e the part of your body %ost ti%e just use the touching

point bet$een you and the opponent/ to hi% and then he $ill be controlled by you. The

%ore balance he lose, the %ore force he $ill be use for keeping balance, so the %ore

a#ailable force you can borro$ fro% hi% and the easier you can do Zhan. 4ost ti%e, it is

di5cult to seduce the opponent to lose his balance directly, so that the second %ethod

is used %ore often. !ith this %ethod the rst thing you need to do is to unsettle your

opponent, so%eti%es called gi#ing hi% so%e trouble rst. This %eans that you should

use so%e skills to %ake hi% feel unco%fortable, as if lose his balance, and %ust adjust

his body. !hen he feels in the trouble or o&-balanced, his reaction o&ers you a chance

to do Zhan.

6hoosing the right ti%e and direction is i%portant to do Zhan $ell. 7or e(a%ple, if you

can %ake your opponent feel co%pressed do$n really, you $ill probably ha#e a good

chance to use Zhan on hi%. )ay attention to his reaction, if you feel his legs push his

body up, just raise up your hand and you can %ake hi% ju%p up by his o$n force. !hen

he ju%ps, you can use so%e other techni"ue to beat hi%. This $ill sa#e a lot of energy

and is thus real Taiji Quan skill. 7or ti%ing, if your hands raise too early, there is noenough reaction force fro% the opponent8 if your hands raise too late, the opponent just


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get ti%e to regain his balance and you lose your chance. 'n both cases your Zhan $ill

not $ork. The best ti%e to use Zhan is $hen his reaction force al%ost at its %a(i%u%

and the ne(t change has not happened yet. This is the ti%e $hen it is %ost di5cult for

hi% to %ake a change. 7or direction, you should follo$ the direction of the opponent*s

reaction force. 3lthough it is the best direction, it %ay be too di5cult. 7or additional

safety, you can use the techni"ue of changing his direction slightly. 7or e(a%ple %o#e

your hand in an arc. 3 little bit of change can confuse your opponent and thus be #ery

helpful. The other i%portant techni"ue is to keep a little bit force in the re#erse direction

of the opponent*s reaction. 't is called 9in and 9ang supple%ent each other. 'n abo#e

e(a%ple, $hen you raise your hand up, at the sa%e ti%e keep a little bit force to push

do$n, it $ill %ake the opponent feel your do$n$ard push still there so that he $ill keep

his reaction to against you. 'f your opponent*s reaction force is not enough, you can useone hand to Zhan hi% and your other hand to help, that is push hi% according to the

direction of his reaction. +ut this help should be light, s%ooth, soft, and coordinate $ith

the other hand. 't is a co%%on techni"ue $hich re"uire a good integration of your body.

'f your opponent does not really kno$ Taiji Quan, that is if his sensiti#ity is slo$ and his

changes are clear and straight, Zhan can be done easy and you can ha#e incredible

results. +ut if your opponent has Taiji Quan skills, using Zhan $ill be di5cult. The

interesting thing is that usually the result is not good if you use your %ind too %uch todo this skill. 9ou should keep in natural $ay and do it naturally. 'n fact, %ost ti%es Zhan

is not used big and clearly. 't is al$ays %i(ed $ith or included in so%e other skills.

. !ian

The original %eaning of Nian is stick, adhere or paste to. 'n Taiji Quan practice it %eans

to keep contact your opponent, and through this contact to %ake hi% feel

unco%fortable. :eep this contact and ne#er let hi% go a$ay, like so%ething adheres on

his body. +e careful, it does not %ean to use big force to hold your opponent. 't should

be light touching. !hen you use this skill, you should try to use the %ini%u% force. !e

al$ays say to unsettle your opponent a little bit each ti%e but continually, until the

opponent is in big trouble. ;o not let hi% feel too %uch is i%portant.

'n pushing hands, $hen you touch your opponent, you should unsettle hi%. ;o not use

too %uch force, just let hi% feel that he %ust do so%ething to sol#e the proble%. Then

he $ill gi#e you a reaction. 7ro% his reaction, you can deter%ine ho$ you shouldrespond. 'f you cannot %ake a chance, keep doing Nian, that %eans follo$ hi%, keep


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touching and gi#ing hi% a little bit %ore trouble, and $ait for hi% to gi#e you %ore

reaction. So Nian is also used to sound the opponent out. That %eans to gi#e hi%

"uestions and a$ait his ans$ers. The "uestions should hit his $eakness point

continually. 'f you ha#e "uestion for hi% one by one and he cannot gi#e you the right

ans$er on ti%e, you are controlling hi%. The i%portant things are to ne#er let the

opponent get a$ay and to sense the right ti%e and direction to %ake your ne(t %o#e.

+e careful, do not use e(tra force, because if you use too %uch force, you $ill be

di5cult to rela(, and it $ill cause your sensiti#ity to be sluggish. Then you $ill be slo$ to

change, and e#en %aybe fall into your opponent*s trap. So do not $orry ho$ big

%o#e%ent your opponent does, just to keep rela( and touch hi% $ith a little bit change.

;o not $orry ho$ fast %o#e%ent he does, the interesting thing is just keep "uite, rela(,

and touch hi%, and then you can get your chance. This basic Taiji Quan idea is calledusing still to control %otion.

9i ing Zhi ;ong - using still to control %otion

. Lian

The original %eaning of Lian is continue or link. There are t$o %eanings of Lian in Taiji

Quan practice. They are continually follo$ and change. The rst one %eans that you

%aintain continually contact by follo$ing your opponent and ne#er let hi% lea#ing. 4ost

ti%e $hen people say Lian, they %ean this. +asically Taiji Quan skills depend on your

sensiti#ity. 'f you lose contact $ith your opponent not just %eans physical, but %ind

and Shen/, you cannot feel hi% any %ore, so that you cannot apply your Taiji Quan

skills.

!ith Lian you just %aintain continually contact $ith your opponent $hile $aiting for a

chance to use other skills. Lian is al$ays included in other skills. 't is also used to link

changes, that %eans it like a transfer skill. 'f you can keep Lian, that %eans you can feel

your opponent all ti%e so that you can kno$ hi% al$ays. 't is $hy so%eti%es $e think it

is rst thing you should do in pushing hands or ghting. The basic Taiji Quan idea,

launching later but reaching or getting control/ rst, is base on Lian skill. 3lso if you

do so%e skills but failed, you can use Lian to get other chance. 7or e(a%ple, $hen you

use Nian to your opponent but he gets a$ay. 3t that ti%e you should use Lian to keep

contact hi% and to try another chance. 'f your opponent gi#es you so%e trouble, Lian

can also help you to adjust your position and go back safe and co%fortable situation. 7or


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e(a%ple, $hen your opponent uses Zhan to destroy your balance, you should use Lian

to follo$ hi% and adjust yourself, then $ait a chance to beat hi% back. This is %ost

co%%on $ay to use Lian.

#ou $a %ian Zhi - "&aunchin' &ater but reachin' (or 'ettin' contro&)*rst"

The other $ay of Lian %eans continually change as you are follo$ing, that %eans each

of your techni"ues are joined together like the links in a chain, ne#er breaking your

%ind and %o#e%ents, and ne#er gi#ing your opponent any chance to change. Link all

changes one by one continually, s%oothly, and ne#er stop. The %ost co%%on change of

%o#e%ent during Lian is to change the direction of your force and the %ost co%%on

$ay to change your force is to %ake your %o#e%ents circular $hich keeps their

direction continuously changing s%oothly.

+. ,ui

The original %eaning of Sui is follo$ or obey. 'n Taiji Quan practice that %eans to follo$

your opponent*s %o#e%ent or %ind. 3ccording to Taiji Quan principle, you should a#oid

to against the opponent by your force directly. 9ou should %ake the opponent feel that

he can get you but do not really let hi% get you. 9ou should %ake hi% use so%e

techni"ues that cannot really $ork on your body. 'f you can keep rela(, you can do Sui

$ell and fro% Sui you can feel and kno$ your opponent $ell.

Sui re"uires that you really rela( your body. 7ollo$ the direction and ti%ing of your

opponent* s force, $hate#er he does, do not let his force $ork on your body. 't does not

%ean to use your force against his force. 't %eans he cannot nd a point to use his force

on your body. Sui also does not %ean lea#e and just run a$ay. 't %eans to keep touch

$ith your opponent, ne#er lose touch points. 9ou should let your opponent feel he $ill

ha#e a chance to get you so that he $ill keep doing so%ething.

,he Ji on' en - "for'et yourse&f and obey (fo&&ow/ yie&d) youropponent"

There is a fa%ous sentence about Sui. 't said forget yourself and obey follo$, yield/

your opponent. 't is a basic Taiji Quan idea. )eople al$ays say if you cannot do this, you

cannot do real Taiji Quan skills. +ut %any %isunderstanding also co%e fro% this point.


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The %ost co%%on %isunderstanding is to think Sui just %eans follo$ing or obey the

opponent. To do Sui in this $ay $ill cause you beco%e $eak nally because anyone*s

%o#e%ents ha#e a li%it, just do to follo$ in this $ay, nally you $ill in a #ery bad

situation. This $rong $ay e#en causes so%e other %isunderstanding or $rong

i%pression, for e(a%ple Taiji is too soft and cannot be used to ght, or Sui is $rong idea

that %eans real Taiji Quan skills can ne#er do it. 'n fact a real Sui skill should follo$ your

opponent rst, %aybe just in #ery short ti%e, that %eans $hate#er he $ants to do, just

follo$ hi% and ne#er against hi%. 7ro% this follo$ing you can get ti%e to feel your

opponent and then you should try to nd a chance to %ake change, be careful for this

change the s%aller the better, usually to lead and seduce hi% to $rong $ay. 't just like

another classical sentence said to follo$ your opponent is for nally let hi% to follo$

you. 3 real Sui skill %ust include this idea. 'n fact Sui should be used in the beginningof al%ost e#ery Taiji Quan skill, especially to defense so%e hard attacks, but cannot be

used too %uch, that %eans ne#er use it in all of the $ay, else Sui is going to $eak.


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3. ombination

>enerally, Zhan and Nian are skills $hich are to nd a chance to gi#e your opponent

trouble. Lian and Sui are skills $hich are to sol#e the proble% that your opponent gi#es

to you and $ait a chance to beat hi% back. 3lthough they are di&erent skills, in fact,

they cannot be really used separately. They are al$ays %i(ed and used together. 7ore(a%ple, %ost ti%es you should include Nian in your Zhan. =sually before you do Zhan,

you should unsettle your opponent rst. 'f your Zhan does not $ork $ell, you should use

Nian i%%ediately. 3t that ti%e Nian $ill help you to adjust yourself and to %ake another

chance to continue your Zhan. 9ou al$ays need to include Lian in your Nian also. !hen

you do Nian, if your opponent can do Sui $ell, you $ill di5cult to get hi%. So your Nian

$ill not $ork $ell, you should use Lian to keep touching hi% and $ait another chance to

do Nian again. 9ou should do Lian and Sui together. !hen you do Lian, your opponent%ay get a chance to beat you back. So you should do Sui to follo$ hi%. 9ou should do

Sui and Nian together. 'f you only do Sui $ithout do Nian at the sa%e ti%e, it is so easy

to %ake you beco%e too $eak. To do Nian $ith Sui $ill help you a lot. So%eti%es people

say to do these four skills successi#ely, that is to do Zhan, if it does not $ork $ell, then

to do Nian8 if Nian does not $ork $ell, then to do Lian8 if Lian does not $ork $ell, then to

do Sui. +ut, in fact, they can ne#er be really separated.

So%eti%es, di&erent part of your body does di&erent skills. 7or e(a%ple it is #ery

co%%on that one side the touch point in you body does Sui and at the sa%e ti%e

another part of your body does Nian. The good practitioner should ha#e all these four

skills or in/ $hen he touches his opponent. 3ll other Taiji skills $ill include so%e of

the%. So that they are the basic skills of all Taiji techni"ues. 7or e(a%ple, $hen you do

9in - lure or seduce, you should use Sui and Lian in the beginning. !hen you do 7a -

release force, you should do Nian and Zhan rst. So that people said they are the

foundation of all Taiji Quan skills.

4. ommon istakes Din' 5ian Diu 6an'

!hen $e do these four basic skills, there are four kinds of likely %istakes, ;ing, +ian,

;iu, and :ang. ;ing and :ang $ill happen $hen you do so%ething too %uch, usually

called >uo. +ian and ;ui $ill happen $hen you do so%ething not enough, usually called

+uji. 7or the beginners, to do >ou is #ery co%%on %istake. =sually it %eans too hard or


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tight. 7or the ad#ance students, to do +uji is #ery co%%on %istake. =sually it %eans too

$eak or loose.

!hen you start to understand Taiji Quan but your skills are not good enough, these

%istakes happen in al%ost e#ery$here. The reason is that you cannot rela( $ell and

your sensiti#ity is not good enough. 'f you cannot rela( $ell, you cannot follo$ your

opponent s%oothly. 'f your sensiti#ity is not good enough, you $ill al$ays lose change or

use your %ind too %uch. To understand and a#oid these co%%on %istakes is #ery

i%portant for i%pro#ing your skills.

The %ost co%%on %istake in Zhan application is usually ;ing - to go against on

touching point. 't %eans that your force is in the re#erse direction of your opponent*s

force too %uch. 'n Taiji Quan, you should a#oid to use your force resisting your

opponent*s force directly. +ut in Zhan if the ti%ing and direction of your force are $rong,

the part of your force $ill be used to against to the opponent*s force, so that you cannot

follo$ your opponent $ell. 'n this case he can e#en feel and get you. The reason is your

sensiti#ity %ay be not good enough or you do not understand Taiji Quan principles $ell.

'f you cannot nd the right ti%ing and direction fro% your opponent*s reaction, you

cannot really borro$ his force, and $orse thing is that your force $ill help hi% to regain

his balance. 3t that ti%e, your opponent*s reaction force can e#en gi#e you trouble

easily.

The %ost co%%on %istake in Nian application is usually +ian - $eak or ?at. 't %eans

that you do not do Nian enough so that you do not get enough infor%ation fro% your

opponent and you $ill not kno$ $hich $ay you should go. !hen +ian happens, your

opponent can go a$ay fro% your control easily. 'n Nian, if you cannot nd the $eak

point fro% your opponent and %ake hi% fall into bad position little by little, that %eans

you cannot %ake trouble to hi% continually, it is said your hand too $eak. So you

cannot control your opponent nally.

The %ost co%%on %istake in Lian application is usually ;iu - lose the touching point. 't

%eans that your opponent can get a$ay or you cannot follo$ hi% any %ore. !hen ;iu

happens, you lose contact and cannot follo$ hi% continually. So you cannot feel hi%

$ell and you cannot nd a chance to control hi%. To do Lian, if you cannot rela( $ell,

you $ill be easy to lose the touching point and let your opponent get a$ay. 'n this case

you lose contact so that you cannot use your sensiti#ity.

The %ost co%%on %istake in Sui application is usually :ang - resist in the touching


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point. 't %eans that you cannot follo$ your opponent so that you and your opponent are

in resisting case. 'n this case, $ho is stronger $ho $ill ha#e %ore chance to $in. 't is not

follo$ Taiji Quan principle. 'n Sui, if you resist and cannot follo$ your opponent, you

cannot get a chance to adjust yourself $ithout to use big force. So your opponent can

get you easily if he is stronger, faster, or just in a better position than you.

=sually, %any people just like si%ply to use ;ing and ;iu to e(plain these general

%istakes in their Taiji Quan practice. uo/ %eans too hard,

too %uch, too far, resist, or e(cessi#e. !hen you $ant to control your opponent but do

too %uch, you %ake this %istake. ;iu here it is sa%e as +uji/ %eans too $eak, no

enough, short, lose, lea#e, or deciency. !hen you $ant to rela( but do too %uch, you

%ake this %istake. 'n fact, ;ing or >uo/ and ;iu or +uji/ are the hu%an*s nature

actions. They just like t$o e(tre%e points of hu%an*s beha#e. They are used in %ost

%artial arts skills. !hen you attack $ith a big force, it is ;ing. !hen you dodge or %o#e

a$ay, it is ;ui. They are the right $ay there. +ut Taiji Quan skill re"uire e#erything you

do %ust be e(actly right according to the principle, like just enough and ne#er $aste

your energy, and the %ost e5ciency $ay. So that to use these t$o points $ill beco%e a

$rong $ay in Taiji Quan. 7or a#oiding do the%, you should get a special training. 'n fact

al%ost all training %ethods of Taiji Quan are designed to a#oid the%. 'n the nature

beha#e, you can only ju%p fro% one point to the other, that %eans fro% the #ie$ of Taiji

Quan you are either too %uch too hard/ or no enough too $eak/. Taiji Quan training

$ill change this natural action. 7ro% the training, you $ill study ho$ to balance your skill

and close to the center point that %eans to do neither ;ing or >uo/ nor ;iu or +uji/.

!e can si%ply use a gure to sho$ this situation.

Din' (or 7uo) !either Din' (or 7uo) nor Diu (or 5uji) Diu (or 5uji)

This changing is the %ost i%portant and di5cult training in Taiji Quan practice. @nly

$hen one can do this $ell, one can be consider really understand Taiji Quan. 't is the

foundation of all Taiji Quan skills. So that it is as a standard rule for %easuring the le#el

of peopleAs Taiji Quan skill.

The last sentence of ;a Shou >e - 7ighting Song, one of the oldest and %ost fa%ous Taiji

Quan classical poe%, said Zhan Nian Lian Sui +u ;iu ;ing that %eans you should

al$ays do Zhan, Nian, Lian and Sui and ne#er do ;iu and ;ing the co%%on $ay of +u


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;iu ;ing is called +u ;iu and +u ;ing B not ;iu and not ;ing/. 't is one of the %ost

i%portant key points in your Taiji Quan practice.

Zhan !ian Lian ,ui 5u Diu Din' - "do Zhan/ !ian/ Lian and ,ui andne8er do Diu and Din'"

Los 5 Principios Del Tui Shou

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