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CICLO CELULARCICLO CELULAR
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MITOSEMITOSECICLO CELULARCICLO CELULAR == INTERFASEINTERFASE ++
Fase ouperíodo G1
Fase ouperíodo S
Fase ouperíodo
G2
G1
S
G2
MITOSEMITOSE
G0
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Fase ouperíodo G1
G1
S
G2
MITOSEMITOSE
G0
Fase postmitótica
a célula aumenta
de tamaño
o ADN está enforma de cromatina
hai transcripciónde ARN
hai una forte actividade
metabólica e desíntese de proteínas
ten unhaduración variable
Este período pode alongarse de forma indefinida e neste caso dise que a célula está en estado de
G0
QUIESCENCIA
fase G0
nesta situación atópanse a maior parte das células do organismo en condicións normais
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Fase ou período G1
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G1
S
G2
MITOSEMITOSE
G0
Fase ouperíodo S
Fase de síntese
ten unha duraciónde 6 a 8 horas
Neste período prodúcese a duplicación
Dasmitocondrias
Replicación do ADN
DoAp. de Golgi
Dodiplosomanas células
animais, xunto a cada centriolo do fórmase un procentriolo
aparición das dúas cromátidas
ADN segue descondensado
continúa a síntese de ARNm
e a producción de histonas para o ADN
novo
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Fase ou período S
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G1
S
G2
MITOSEMITOSE
G0Período pre-mitótico
Fase ouperíodo
G2
comenza cando remata a replicación
do ADN
remata cando os cromosomas comenzan a condensarse dando
paso á
MITOSE
continua a síntese de
ARNm
ten unha duración de 3 a
5 horas
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Fase ou período G2
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MITOSEMITOSE
PROCESO DE DIVISIÓN CELULAR PROCESO DE DIVISIÓN CELULAR
+ CITOCINESE CITOCINESE División do
núcleoDivisión do citoplasma
2N2N2N
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MITOSE
PROFASE
METAFASE
ANAFASE
TELOFASECITOCINESE
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MITOSE
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PROFASE
Os diplosomas que xa están duplicados empezan a moverse cara ós polos da célula.
O núcleo aumenta de volume, a membrana nuclear fragmentase e desaparece
Desfanse e desaparecen os nucléolos. O ADN que os formaba gárdase nos organizadores nucleolares
A cromatina condensase aparecendo os cromosomas.
Como está replicado o ADN (S) cada cromosoma ten dúas cromátidas unidas polo centrómero e a célula será 4n
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METAFASE
O fuso mitótico xa está totalmente formado
Os cromosomas acadan o seu máximo empaquetamento e poden apreciarse ben as dúas cromátidas
Os cromosomas sitúanse no plano ecuatorial, formando a placa ecuatorial, e preparados para a súa emigración ós polos
Os microtúbulos cinetocóricos diríxense cara ó polos
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ANAFASE
Sepáranse as cromátidas irmáns por rotura do centrómero e cada unha emigra cara a
un polo
O movemento das cromátidas cara ós polos parece estar causado polos microtúbulos das fibras cinetocóricas que se fan cada vez máis curtas
As fibras polares alónganse provocando un estiramento do fuso
A anafase remata cando os cromosomas chegan ós polos
Esta é a fase da mitose que se realiza en menos tempo
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TELOFASE
Ó redor dos cromosomas de cada polo, a lámina fibrosa reorganiza a envoltura nuclear
Desaparecen os cromosomas por descondensación do ADN dando paso á cromatina
O ADN empeza a funcionar e fanse visibles os nucléolos
O fuso acromático desaparece
Ó remate desta fase a célula ten dous núcleos nun citoplasma único que se repartirá entre as dúas células fillas mediante un proceso chamado citocinese
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CITOCINESE
Consiste no reparto equitativo do material citoplasmático para rematar a división celular, coa obtención de dúas células fillas independentes.
Este proceso non é igual para as células animais que para as vexetais
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CITOCINESE ANIMAL
Prodúcese por estrangulamento·
Ó nivel do plano ecuatorial aparece un surco que se vai estreitando ata que a célula se rompe en dúas células que se separan
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CITOCINESE VEXETAL
Prodúcese pola fusión de vesículas procedentes do Aparato de Golgi que se van colocando no plano medio da célula nai.
Fórmase unha estructura plana chamada fragmoplasto que medra de dentro a fóra e que acabará formando a lámina media
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MITOSE E CITOCINESE ANIMAL
MITOSE E CITOCINESE ANIMAL
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MITOSE E CITOCINESE VEXETAL
MITOSE E CITOCINESE VEXETAL
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