Namibia: Nama, Haiǁom, Damara !Xuun...Damara • genetically very different from other...
Transcript of Namibia: Nama, Haiǁom, Damara !Xuun...Damara • genetically very different from other...
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Namibia: Nama, Haiǁom, Damara
!XuunHimba & Herero
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KHOE
Khoekhoe Kalahari Khoe
Nama-Damara Haiǁom
Güldemann 2014: 26
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Himba & Herero:
linguistically and culturally closely related Bantu pastoralists
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Hai||om (o)
Nama (⊠)
Pickrell et al. 2012
KX’ATUUKHOE“BANTU”
Damara (✹)
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mtDNA composition
0%
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Hai||om Nama DamaraL0d/L0k other
Barbieri et al. 2014
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Y-chromosome composition
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Hai||om Nama DamaraA/B2b other
Barbieri et al. in prep
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Autosomal ancestry composition
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Hai||om Nama Damara"Khoisan" "non-Khoisan"
Pickrell et al. 2012
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East African links (Y-chromosome and autosomes)
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
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0,25
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0,35
0,4
Hai||om Nama DamaraY-chrom E1b1b LP -14010C
Barbieri et al. in prep, Macholdt et al. 2014
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Nama
• no genetic differences between subgroups (Topnaar or others)
• up to 30% European gene flow in paternal line ~140 years BP
• clear links to East Africa • female-biased intermarriage with indigenous
populations, close relationship to Haiǁom
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Damara
• genetically very different from other “Khoisan” populations
• ~75% clearly Bantu-associated Y-chromosome haplogroups, some European admixture in paternal line
• striking relationship with Himba and Herero probably Damara maternal admixture into Himba and Herero
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Pickrell et al. 2012
KX’ATUUKHOE“BANTU” DAMARA
HIMBA & HERERO
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MDS based on mtDNA sequences
Barbieri et al. 2014stress = 0.08
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High frequency of shared mtDNA haplogroup
green = Damarared = Hereroorange = Himba
Barbieri et al. 2014b
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MDS based on Y-chromosomal sequences
(stress = 0.08)
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KX’A
JU ǂ’Amkoe
North(Angolan !Xuun)
North-Central(N. Namibian !Xuun)
Central(Grootfontein!Xuun)
Ju|’hoan(North, South)
Güldemann 2014: 26
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Hai||om (o)
Pickrell et al. 2012
KX’ATUUKHOE“BANTU”
!Xuun (△)
Ju|’hoan
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!Xuun
Barbieri et al. 2014, in prep.; Pickrell et al. 2012
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mtDNA Y-chrom autosomes"Khoisan" "non-Khoisan"
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!Xuun
• closely related to linguistically related Ju|’hoan• but some difference due to admixture (mainly
in paternal line)• 24% Y-chromosome lineages of clear Bantu
origin