Most impacted Least impacted

Human impacts

Pristine area by country S

quare

km

Missió:

Protegir els darrers llocs verges de l’oceà

Outer islands, Seychelles, March 2015

Biomass (t ha-1)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Apex predator

Herbivore

Carnivore

Planktivores

Marotiri Rahui Open

Comparisons of fish biomass around the world

Coc

os

Cor

al S

ea N

.C.

Kingm

an

S. L

ine

Oen

o

Duc

ie

Chr

istm

as

Bon

aire

Hen

ders

on

Salas

y G

omez

Pitc

airn

Haw

aii

St T

hom

as

Gua

geloup

e

Am

. Sam

oa

Eas

ter

St J

ohn

Pue

rto R

ico

Philip

pine

s

Jam

aica

Sey

chelles

Gua

m

Bio

mass (

tons/h

ecta

re)

0

2

4

6

8PreyApex predators

**

**

* * **

* Pristine Seas

*

Loss of big fish and overall biomass

Changes in Community Structure along Gradient of Human Impact

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Kingman Palmyra Tabuaeran Kiritimati

Pe

rce

nt

co

ve

r

CCA

Coral

0

20

40

60

80

100

Kingman Palmyra Tabuaeran Kiritimati

Pe

rce

nt

co

ve

r

Other

Macro

Turf

Coral & CCA Bacteria

Turf & macroalgae Viruses

Loss of coral & rise of algae

Pitcairn 2012 Expedition