Primera parte de inglés
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Transcript of Primera parte de inglés
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Introduction
The verb 'can' describes someones capabilities or the things they are able to do.
Paul can play the piano.
Joan can't come to the meeting. She is busy.
Can I come late to work? I have a doctor's appointment.
Formation
Can
Affirmative Negative
I canyou can
he/she/it can
we canyou can
they can
I cannot/can'tyou cannot/can't
he/she/it cannot/can't
we cannot/can'tyou cannot/can't
they cannot/can't
can + base form of the verb
• I can speak rench.
• !ou can go on vacation in "ugust.
• #e can ride in the $ront seat.
• %e can cook dinner together.
• Can you go to the store this a$ternoon?
• They can't $ind the $ile.
Could
The past tense form of can is could or could not/couldn't:
• %hen I was young& I could swim very $ast.
• as night& I couldn't $ind my cell phone.
Use
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Ability
Use to explain something that a person or thing is able to do:
• I can swim.
•
She can speak Portuguese.
• %e can play the guitar.
• Can she use a computer?
• Can she cook?
• Can he play soccer?
• I can't $i( the computer.
• #e can't understand you.
• They can't ski.
Possibility
Use to explain that something is possible to do:
• %e can take a vacation in )ay.
• It can be cold in the winter.
• Can we take a bus to the station?
• Can you open that window?
Permission
Use to ask for permission:
• Can we come to your party?
• Can I have a slice o$ cake?
• Can I go home?
Use to give permission:
• !ou can leave early.
•
They can go home.
• #e can have the day o$$.
Polite requests
Use could to ask for something politely:
• Could you please pass me the salt?
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• Could I borrow your umbrella?
• Could I speak to Tony& please?
d$hhhh
Introduction
%e use who& what& when, where, and why when we talk about people and things*
%ho is your $avorite actor?
%ho is playing soccer tonight?
%hat are you reading?
%hen does the store close?
%here are they going tonight?
%hy are you here?
+se
Who
Use 'who' for people:
• %ho is the manager?
• %ho is coming to the party?
• %ho is taller& Sarah or ,mily?
What
Use 'what' for obects and things:
• %hat is your name?
• %hat color is your car?
• %hat do you pre$er?
When
Use 'when' to talk about time:
• %hen are you leaving?
• %hen is the train coming?
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• %hen are you going on vacation?
Where
Use 'where' to talk about a place:
•
%here is Tina going?
• %here do you live?
• %here is the bank?
Why
Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:
• %hy are you laughing? -ecause it's $unny
• %hy are you selling your car?
•
%hy are you leaving early?
Dddddddddddddddd
Rules
Para dar y pedir información personal
Preguntas Respuestas
• What is your name?
• Where are you from?
• Do you speak English?
• How old are you?
• What is your profession?
• Where do you lie?
• !re you married? or "ingle? orDiorced?
• Do you hae children?
• #$m %risten &urray ' &y name is %risten&urray(
• #$m from )ew *ork(
• *es+ # do(
• #$m ,- years old(
• #$m an adertising e.ecutie(
• # lie in /ondon(
• # am married(
• *es+ # hae three children(
El estado ciil
• I am married.
• I am single.
• I am divorced.
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• I am widowed.
Para hablar del origen o procedencia0 /as nacionalidades
• I was born in Ireland. I'm Irish.
• I was born in )e(ico. I'm Mexican.
• I was born in rance. I'm French.
• I was born in Italy. I'm Italian.
• I was born in ,ngland. I'm English.
• I was born in /ermany. I'm German.
• I was born in Spain. I'm Spanish.
• I was born in Canada. I'm anadian.
• I was born in Portugal. I'm !ortuguese.
• I was born in Japan. I'm "apanese.
• I was born in #olland. I'm #utch.
• I was born in the +S". I'm $merican.
%uidado&
,n ingl0s& los ad1etivos de nacionalidades se escriben siempre con may2scula.
• I'm Chinese 3 I'm Scottish 3 I'm 4ussian.
1222222f
Introduction
o li(e is a regular verb and is very common in ,nglish.
I li(e chocolate cake.
She li(es to go swimming.
Form
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3he present simple tense
Affirmative
I
you
we
they
like
he/she/it likes
!egative
Iyou
we
they
don't like
he/she/it doesn't like
"uestionsDo
I
youwe
they
like...?
Does he/she/it like...?
3he past simple tense
Affirmative
I
you
he/she/it
wethey
liked
!egative
Iyou
he/she/it
wethey
did not like (didn't
like)
"uestions Did
I
you
he/she/itwe
they
like...?
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Use
/ike 4 noun
sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 ob1ect
• I like apples.
• She likes 4ussia.
• #arry likes soccer.
• They like black shoes.
• !ou like tea.
/ike 4 in5nitie
sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 in$initive
• She likes to run.
• I like to eat.
• %e like to play basketball.
• %illiam and 6ate like to go to Paris.
• They like to cook.
/ike 4 gerund 6erb 7ing8
sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 gerund
• She likes running.
• I like eating.
• %e like playing basketball.
• %illiam and 6ate like going to Paris.
• They like cooking.
%e can use either the in$initive or gerund construction. They have the same meaning.
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12f
Situation
7urante el almuer8o& Sandra y Simon hablan de la comida y de sus gustos gastron9micos.
Sandra) :I love rench $ood& don't you?:
Simon) :"ctually& I pre$er )e(ican $ood.:
Rules
Para hablar de gustos
*i(e 5 noun
• Ex: I like chocolate.
*i(e 5 to 5 in$initive verb
• Ex. I like to travel.
*i(e 5 verb 5 ing
• Ex: I like travelling.
#ara mati$ar
I like 3 I love
++
++
+++
++++
I like coffee.I like sleeping late.
I really like travelling.
I love reading.
I really love this song.
I am cra+y aout Chinese $ood ; I really love Chinese $ood.
Para hablar de sentimientos
Amistad
• I like Carla.
• I like )elissa a lot.
• I really like red.
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Amor
• I love you.
• I am in love with you.
• I adore you.
I am crazy 3 mad about you.
:I love...: es mucho m
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1222222f
Situation
,li8abeth y Sally hablan tran=uilamente mientras toman un ca$0.
Eli+aeth) :%hat do you like to do in your spare time& Sally?:
Sally) :I play $ootball and I love to cook "nd you? %hat do you like doing?:
Eli+aeth) :I en1oy going to the theater with my $riends. I also like painting& but I don't do any
sports:
Rules
/as actiidades deportias
#ara decir %ue haces deporte
• I am athletic.
• I do sports.
• I en1oy sports
• I play sports.
&os deportes
Subject + sport
• I horseback ride.
• I swim.
• I ski.
• I rock climb.
/as actiidades art9sticas
• o play a musical instrument* I play the piano& he plays the guitar and
she plays the drums.
• o ta(e theater classes* I take Shakespearean theater classes on )ondays and
cooking classes on Thursdays.
• o ta(e photos* she takes wildli$e photos.
• o sing, to dance, to draw, to paint, to sculpt, to sew and to ma(e pottery.
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/as actiidades culturales
• /o to the movies
• /o to the theater
• /o to the opera
• "ttend a concert
• isit a museum
22222222222222
Introduction
Possessive ad1ectives show who owns an ob1ect. They agree with the person or thing that has
an ob1ect. Possessive ad1ectives do ./ agree with the ob1ect.
I like my shoes.
#er house is very big.
Form
Subject pronoun Possessive adjective
I "y
you your
he/she/it his/her/its
we our
you your
they their
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Use
hen the possessor is masculine:
his
• #e broke his computer.
• %ill likes his car.
hen the possessor is feminine:
her
• 6ate bought her apartment last year.
• The woman lost her glasses.
hen the possessor is an obect or an animal:
its
• The cat hurt its leg.
• " tree loses its leaves in the winter.
hen the possessor is 'you':
your
• !ou lost your book yesterday.
hen there are t(o or more possessors:
their
• Dur boss and our colleagues gave us good advice. %e took their advice.
• Cathy and 4ick lost their map to the city.
The possessive ad1ective do EDT change i$ the ob1ect is singular or plural.
I like my shirt. I like my shirts0
They read their book. They read their books0
She sings her song. She sings her songs.
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ghhhhhhhhhhh
Introduction
Possessive nouns show that we own something.
Formation
7$s
!ormally added )'s to singular nouns and irregular plurals that
don't end in )s:
Singular)
• a man's 1ob
• the girl's book
• )ary and Tom's children AF set o$ children* )ary and Tom are their parentsB
• )ary's and Tom's children AG sets o$ children* )ary has children& and Tom has
di$$erent children.B
!lural)
• the men's changing room
• the children's toys
Add an apostrophe *' to regular plurals that end in )s:
• The students have books. ; the students' books A two or moreB
• The $riends have a car. ; my $riends' car Atwo or moreB
of something
• The roo$ o$ the house is old.
• The door o$ the building is broken.
• I didn't see the beginning o$ the movie.
Uses
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7$s
,ost often used (ith a person- animal- country- organi$ation- or
group of living things:
• The dog's collar is too tight.
• /ermany's economy is doing very well.
• Jane's brother is a doctor.
• The company's annual report is late.
• James's car is red.
of something
Used mostly (ith things and sometimes (ith places:
• The back seat o$ the car is very dirty.
• %e don't know the cause o$ the $ire.
• %e looked at the top o$ the page.
12222222
Introduction
%e use the comparative $orm o$ ad1ectives to say i$ an ob1ect or a person has more or less o$ a
=uality than the other ob1ect or person.
long ; longer
interesting ; more interesting
Form
:ne syllable ad;ecties
To form the comparative of one syllable adectives- add )er.
• tall taller
• small smaller
• long longer
• short shorter
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• light lighter
• black blacker
3wo or more syllable ad;ecties
To form the comparative of adectives (ith more than one
syllable- add 'more' or 'less' before the adective. ,ore is
positive *+ andless is negative *).
• more intelligent
• less generous
• more beauti$ul
• less di$$icult
• more interesting
• less ama8ing
Exceptions
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7e
e add )r.
• wide wider
• nice nicer
• simple simpler
• large larger
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending with one owel and one consonant
e double the consonant and add )er.
• big bigger
• $lat $latter
• wet wetter
• sad sadder
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7y
e replace the )y (ith an )i and add )er.
• happy happier
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• itchy itchier
• $unny $unnier
• dirty dirtier
#rregular ad;ecties
• good better
• bad worse
• $ar $arther3$urther
Use
Use 'than' (hen (e directly compare t(o obects or people.
• John is taller than )ark.
• "n elephant is bigger than a mouse.
• Sarah is more intelligent than Jade.
• #elen is $unnier than Tom.
• This movie is shorter than the last one we watched.
• #e is nicer than you.
• This car is less e(pensive than the red one.
Use to describe a person or thing (hen compared to something
else:
• Eew !ork is old& but Paris is older .
• This restaurant has delicious $ood& but the $ood at the other restaurant is more
delicious.
• Is it cheaper to go by plane or by train?
Wide amplio
12222222
Introduction
%e use superlative ad1ectives to say i$ an ob1ect or a person has the most or the least o$ a
=uality than all other ob1ects or people.
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long ; longest
interesting ; most interesting
Form
"ll superlative ad1ective have 'the' be$ore them.
:ne syllable ad;ecties
To form the comparative of one syllable adectives- add 'the'
before the adective and )est at the end.
• tall the tallest
• small the smallest
• long the longest
• short the shortest
• light the lightest
• black the blackest
3wo or more syllable ad;ecties
To form the superlative of adectives (ith more than onesyllable- add 'the' and 'most' or 'least' before the
adective. ,ost is positive *+ and least is negative *).
• the most intelligent
• the least generous
• the most beauti$ul
• the least di$$icult
• the most interesting
• the least ama8ing
Exceptions
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Superlative ad1ectives have the same e(ceptions as comparative ad1ectives.
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7e
e add )st.
• wide the widest
• nice the nicest
• simple the simplest
• large largest
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending with one owel and one consonant
e double the consonant and add )est.
• big the biggest
• $lat the $lattest
• wet the wettest
• sad the saddest
:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7y
e replace the )y (ith an )i and add )est.
• happy the happiest
• itchy the itchiest
• $unny the $unniest
• dirty the dirtiest
#rregular !d;ecties
• good the best
• bad the worst
• $ar the $arthest3the $urthest
Use
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Use to describe a person or thing (hen compared to several
other things:
• Joe is the nicest colleague in the o$$ice.
• This is the best co$$ee in Italy.
• %hat is the longest river in theworld?
• China has the largest population in the world.
• %here is the closest subway station?
#tchy picante