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Francisco Javier González Madariaga Alberto Rossa Sierra
Procesos de producción de metales
pulvimetalurgia
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La pulvimetalurgia o metalurgia de polvos es un proceso de
fabricación que, partiendo de polvos finos y tras su compactaciónpara darles una forma determinada (compactado), se calientan enatmósfera controlada (sinterizado) para la obtención de la pieza.
Este proceso es adecuado para la fabricación de grandes series
de piezas pequeñas de gran precisión, para materiales o mezclaspoco comunes y para controlar el grado de porosidad opermeabilidad. Algunos productos típicos son rodamientos,árboles de levas, herramientas de corte, segmentos de pistones,guías de válvulas, filtros, etc.
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Joyería Inca
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1874
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Polvos
Proceso
Propiedades
MicroestructuraQuímicaManejo
TamañoFormaFabricación
MoldeExtrusión
SinterizadoForjaCompactación
DensidadDuctilidadMagnético
DurezaConductividadMicroestructura
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• Único medio de fabricación paramateriales con alto punto de fusión, ej.Refractarios
• Moldeo económico de materialescompuestos (metales y no metales)
• Excelente aprovechamiento del material(97% aprox.)
• Procesos automatizables
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!"
• Equipo, herramental y materia primacostosos
• Material que tiende a deteriorarse
• Limitaciones en la forma de las piezas
• Variaciones en la densidad del materiala través de la pieza
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Proceso para piezas por pulvimetalurgia
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Procedimiento típico de pulvimetalurgia
1. Preparación, acondicionamiento de polvo o polvos
2. Compactación dentro de un molde del polvo o polvos
3. Sinterizado (calentado) en un molde bajo atmósferacontrolada
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Polvo de tungsteno. Microfotografía
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Métodos de producción de polvos
a) Trituración b) Molino de polvos c) Molino de martillos
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Centrifugación Atomización -magnétizado
Métodos de producción de polvos
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Métodos de producción de polvos
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Cavidad
Polvo
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Compactación de polvos
Máquina de compactación y herramental
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Piezas en verde (bujes) hacia el horno de sinterizado
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Operaciones de acabado de
piezas sinterizadas
Acuñado y dimensionamientoForjado de impacto
Impregnación de grasas
Infiltración Tratamiento térmico
Maquinado
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Espumado de
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Espumado demetales
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