Recensión. Evolución Del Concepto de Discapacidad.
Transcript of Recensión. Evolución Del Concepto de Discapacidad.
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TOG (A Corua) Vol 11. Num 19. May 2014. ISSN 1885-527. !!!.r"#$%&a&o'.om
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RECENSIN: EVOLUCIN DELCONCEPTO SOCIAL DEDISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL
RECENSSION: SOCIALDEVELOPMENT OF THECONCEPT OF INTELLECTUALDISABILITY
Palabras clave: "&ra%o m"+&al ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual,$m"+%$o+"% "#alua$+ /ro"%o% am$o% a/oyo% r"ur%o%Ke!"r#s: M"+&al r"&ar,a&$o+ $+&"ll"&ual ,$%a$l$&y,$m"+%$o+% "#alua&$o+ /ro"%%"% a+'"% %u//or&r"%our"%DECS:"&ra%o m"+&al ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual ,$m"+%$o+"%
"#alua$+ /ro&oolo% am$o% a/oyo%Mes$: I+&"ll"&ual 3$%a$l$&y I+&"ll"&ual 3$%a$l$&y #alua&$o+ /ro&ool% a+'" Su//or&.
A%&"r:
D'a( Rebeca Ar)"s" Ferre*r"4%&u,$a+&" ," Gra,o "+ T"ra/$a O(u/a($o+al.5+$#"r%$,a, ," A Coruar""a.ar+o%o.6"rr"$rou,."%
Ar&+c%l" s"bre el ,%e se $ace la rece)s*-)or&uo+,o Sao M. #olu$+ ,"l o+"/&o %o$al ,",$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual. "# Cua+a Salu, l$a r"#$%&a"+ la I+&"r+"&:. 2004 3$ $&a,o 2014 Ar 14: ; >%$"lo.%l,.u>%$"lo.//?%r$/&@%$ar&&"B&/$,@S08D4-+um19/,6%>r""+%$o+1./,6
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Res%.e) #el ar&+c%l"
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RESUMEN+ "l %$'u$"+&" ar&Fulo %" ar'um"+&a la "#olu$+ ,"lo+"/&o %o$al ," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual a &ra#H% ,"la+*l$%$% $%&r$o y ," la %$&ua$+ a&ual. S" ,"%r$" u" la,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "% u+ /rol"ma %o$al y om/l"Jo#$%&o ," ,$#"r%a% 6orma% y %"'+ "l /"rFo,o %o$o-ul&urala+al$a,o. A &ra#H% ," "%&a r""+%$+ %" $+&"+&ar* #$+ular alo+"/&o ," ou/a$+
SUMMARYT" 6ollo!$+' ar&$l" ,"%r$"% &" "#olu&$o+ o6 &" %o$alo+"/& o6 $+&"ll"&ual ,$%a$l$&y &rou' &" $%&or$al a+aly%$%o6 &" urr"+& %$&ua&$o+ a+, ar'u",. 3"%r$", &a& $+&"ll"&ual,$%a$l$&y $% a om/l"B %o$al /rol"m %""+ $+ #ar$ou% !ay%a+, aor,$+' &o &" %o$o-ul&ural /"r$o,. Trou' &$%r""%%$o+ !$ll a&&"m/& &o l$+ &" o+"/& o6 ou/a&$o+
m"+&al %" o/&a /or /ro/o+"r u+
am$o "+ la &"rm$+olo'Fa. No
o%&a+&" "+ u+ /r$+$/$o %" ,"$,"
ma+&"+"rlo am/l$a+,o a,"m*% "lo+"/&o ," L,$%a/a$,a,
$+&"l"&ual ," 6orma u" amo%
/u",a+ %"r "m/l"a,o% "+
%$&ua$o+"% ,$%&$+&a% %"'+ "l
o+&"B&o. + %/aa %" a"/&a "m/l"ar ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual y "%&a ,"$%$+
"% a/roa,a "+ *m$&o ," la% or'a+$a$o+"% EAS omo la m*% a/ro/$a,a y
/or la% 6am$l$a%.
S" /ro,u" u+ am$o ," o+"/$+ %or" "l /la+&"am$"+&o mul&$,$m"+%$o+al
," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "l$m$+a+,o la% &"+,"+$a% r",u$o+$%&a%
mo,$6$a+,o la% ,$m"+%$o+"% ," a+*l$%$% a%&a $+o "+ 2002= La$l$,a,"%
$+&"l"&ual"%; LCo+,u&a a,a/&a&$#a; Lar&$$/a$+ I+&"ra$o+"% y ol"%
So$al"%; LSalu, (6F%$a m"+&al "&$ol'$a) y LCo+&"B&o (am$"+&"% y
ul&ura).
Ka r"la$+ u" %" /ro/o+" "+&r" la% ,$m"+%$o+"% +o "% a,"m*% ," 6orma
$+,$#$,ual$%&a %$+o u" &o,a% $m/l$a+ u+a $+&"ra$+ "+&r" "lla% al mar'"+ ,"
la% ara&"rF%&$a% o6r"$,a% ," 6orma $+,$#$,ual. S" /r"&"+," o+o"r o+
mayor lar$,a, la +a&ural"a mul&$,$m"+%$o+al ," la ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual y
/r"%"+&ar ,$r"&r$"% /ara ,$a'+o%&$ar la%$6$ar y /la+$6$ar lo% a/oyo%.
To,o "%&o %u/o+" u&$l$ar m",$,a% "%&a+,ar$a,a% y r"u$"r" o&"+"r
$+6orma$+ a,$$o+al a&"+,$"+,o al Ju$$o lF+$o ," lo% "B/"r&o%. N""%ar$o
/ara ,"%arrollar u+ /"r6$l a,"ua,o ," a/oyo%. l /"r6$l ," +""%$,a,"% ,"
a/oyo %" "%&al"" "+ +u"#" *r"a% (,"%arrollo uma+o "+%"a+a y
",ua$+ #$,a "+ "l o'ar #$,a "+ omu+$,a, "m/l"o %alu, y %"'ur$,a,
o+,u&ual %o$al /ro&"$+ y ,"6"+%a)
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TOG (A Corua) Vol 11. Num 19. May 2014. ISSN 1885-527. !!!.r"#$%&a&o'.om
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D*sc%s*-)
l ar&Fulo a" u+a rF&$a o+ r"%/"&o al "m/l"o ," lo% &Hrm$+o% y omo la
6orma ," +omrar a la% /"r%o+a% $+6luy" /o%$&$#a o +"'a&$#am"+&" %"'+ +o%
r"6$ramo%. 1:
Ka% /"r%o+a% o+$"+ "l ,$a'+o%&$o ," 6orma +"'a&$#a al"Ja+,o la%
ara&"rF%&$a% ,"l $+,$#$,uo o+ %u 6u+$o+am$"+&o. Au+u" "+ lo% l&$mo% ao%
%" a+ /ro,u$,o a#a+"% "% al'o o+ lo u" %"'u$mo% /"la+,o oy "+ ,Fa. l
r"&ra%o m"+&al /o%"" u+ ma&$ "%&$'ma&$a+&". 2:
3"%," la a%o$a$+ AAM a+ o/&a,o /or "m/l"ar "l &Hrm$+o ," r"&ra%o m"+&al
Ju%&$6$a+,o u" ,"" u&$l$ar%" %"'+ lo% /ro/%$&o% y o+&"B&o%. S$ "% $"r&o
u" "l au&or /ro/o+" r",u$r "l u%o ," la "&$u"&a ,$a'+o%&$a "Blu%$#am"+&"
"+ a%o% "+ lo% u" ayu," a la /"r%o+a (omo "+ la a&$#$,a, $+#"%&$'a,ora
,$a'+o%&$a $+&"r,$%$/l$+ar o /ara ,"&"rm$+ar a/oyo% y r"ur%o%) /"ro "l$'"
omo m"Jor o/$+ ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual. 1:
Au+u" lo% a#a+"% %o+ l"+&o% "+ "l &$"m/o "B$%&"+ $m/or&a+&"% /"u"o%
/a%o% u" %" a+ /ro,u$,o omo la /ro/u"%&a "a "+ 2002 am/l$a+,o u+a
+u"#a ,$m"+%$+ ,o+," aora "l mo,"lo &"r$o &"+,r* "+ o+%$,"ra$+
Lar&$$/a$+ I+&"rr"la$o+"% y ol"% So$al"%. 1:
Ka ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual "% u+ /rol"ma %o$al om/l"Jo #$%&o ," ,$6"r"+&"%
/"r%/"&$#a%. l r"&ra%o m"+&al +o "% %olo +$ "Blu%$#am"+&" u+ /rol"mamH,$o o $"+&F6$o; %$+o &am$H+ y %or" &o,o u+ /rol"ma %o$al. Ka %o$",a,
,"&"rm$+a %$ /u","+ &"+"r u+a L,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual /oruH %" "%&al""
%u m$+u%#alFa y mo ,""+ ," %"r &ra&a,o% &ra%la,a+ "l /o,"r %or" la /ro/$a
%alu, a u+ Ju$$o aJ"+o. A&ualm"+&" ,"%/uH% ," lo% am$o% ," la AAM "%&a
#$%$+ /ro'r"%a ," 6orma ,$%r"&a au+u" ,"/"+,$"+,o ,"l o+&"B&o /olF&$o y
%o$al ," a,a /aF%.
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Ka% 6aul&a,"% y /ro/$",a,"% /%Fu$a% ," lo% $+,$#$,uo% %" 6orma+ "+ "l
/ro"%o ," %u #$,a "+ la %o$",a, y %o+ ,"&"rm$+a,a% /or la% o+,$$o+"%
%o$al"% o+r"&a%. l omr" &oma o+$"+$a ," %F m$%mo o+,$$o+a,o
%$"m/r" /or %u a&$&u, a$a lo% ,"m*% $+,$#$,uo%.
Ka AAM &$"+" 'ra+ /r"%&$'$o "+ "l mu+,o ," la ,$%a/a$,a, u+a ," %u%
/r"ou/a$o+"% a %$,o o+%"'u$r u+a ,"l$m$&a$+ lara y +o ,$%r$m$+a&or$a ,"
la o+,$$+ ," la% /"r%o+a% o+ r"&ra%o m"+&al. l /u+&o ," /ar&$,a ," %u
,"6$+$$+ "ra "+ "l o"6$$"+&" $+&"l"&ual &om*+,olo omo u+ ,a&o oJ"&$#o.
Co+%$,"ro u" "%&" +o "% "l "J" 6u+,am"+&al %$+o u" a/or&a u+ ,a&o m*% y
u" +o ,"" %"'u$r%" l$&"ralm"+&" "l r"%ul&a,o ," "%&a #alora$+. Kaa&"'or$a$+ +umHr$a /u"," a/or&ar $+6orma$+ a,$$o+al. Ta+ %olo ,o%
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a,a/&ar%" a la% o+,$$o+"% u" l" $m/o+" "l m",$o "+ u" %" ,"%"+#u"l#".
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u" /o,"r a%um$r %u rol %o$al "+ la% o+,$$o+"% m*% /o%$&$#a% /o%$l"% y "+
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a"%o a la ",ua$+ la ul&ura "l o$o "l ,"/or&" la /r*&$a /olF&$a o "+ la
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"+ la a/l$a$+ ," m",$,a% o+r"&a% u" 6a$l$&"+ al a"%o a lo% m",$o%
+orma&$#o% ," &o,a% la% /"r%o+a% o+ l$m$&a$o+"%.
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TOG (A Corua) Vol 11. Num 19. May 2014. ISSN 1885-527. !!!.r"#$%&a&o'.om
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L+)eas #e #esarr"ll"
l ar&Fulo a" r"6"r"+$a a la /la+$6$a$+ ," a/oyo% "%&o% +o %" ,""+
$,"+&$6$ar %olo o+ lo% %"r#$$o%. S$"+,o u+a al&"r+a&$#a m*% am/l$a &a+&o
a/oyo% +a&ural"% omo lo% u" %" a%a+ "+ lo% %"r#$$o% ",ua&$#o% o %o$al"%.
Ka ,$'+$,a, $'ual,a, l$"r&a, $+lu%$+ au&o,"&"rm$+a$+ y al$,a, ," #$,a
," la% /"r%o+a% o+ ,$%a/a$,a, %o+ al'u+o ," lo% #alor"% /r$+$/$o% y
,"r"o% /or lo% u" a&uamo% %o+ "l /r$+$/al a/$&al u" &"+"mo% muo%
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or'a+$a$o+"% or$o+&al"% a%*+,o%" "+ "%&$lo% ," /"+%am$"+&o ,"l %$'lo I
o+ u+ %$%&"ma 'loal ," a/oyo% "+&ra,o% "+ la /"r%o+a m*% u" /"+%a+,o "+
lo% %"r#$$o% &ra,$$o+al"%. Ka% or'a+$a$o+"% ,""+ "%&ar "+&ra,a% "+ a/oyo%
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au+u" u",a muo /or a#a+ar lo% am$+o% %" #a+ &raa+,o.
Somo% o+%$"+&"% ," mo &o,o &$"+" %u /ro"%o y "% om/l$a,o am$ar
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No a" ,u,a ," u" %"'u$mo% "%&a+a,o% o+ r"%/"&o a o&ro% /aF%"% "+ lo%
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al'u+o% ao%.
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S$+ "mar'o "%&" &Hrm$+o %$'u" a/ar"$"+,o "+ la l$&"ra&ura ,oum"+&o% "&.
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$'ual,a, /or #"r%" "+ u+a %$&ua$+ /ar"$,a. No "% +""%ar$o ll"'ar "%&o%
"B&r"mo% /ara %a"r u" ,$'+$,a, " $+lu%$+ ," u+a /"r%o+a "+ %o$",a, "%
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TOG (A Corua) Vol 11. Num 19. May 2014. ISSN 1885-527. !!!.r"#$%&a&o'.om
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B*bl*"1ra2+a
1: or&uo+,o Sao M. #olu$+ ,"lo+"/&o %o$al ," ,$%a/a$,a, $+&"l"&ual."# Cua+a Salu, l$a r"#$%&a "+ laI+&"r+"&:. 2004 3$ $&a,o 2014 Ar 14:;>%$"lo.%l,.u>%$"lo.//?%r$/&@%$ar&&"B&/$,@S08D4-