Rol del Estado y Desarrollo

7/23/2019 Rol del Estado y Desarrollo

1/11

*Smr Fjduhi Jdkam

_MI AHI HRQJAM [AHRJ__MIIM

DAKBHKdtrmaubbkd Sl. ?

_hsufhd ah thtms !d!"k#!amsSl. ?

_m" ah" Hst!am Sl.$

Ahs!rrm""m kdthlr!am % rhbursms &ksb!"hsSl. '

Bmdb"uskmdhs Sl. (

)k*"kmlr!&+!Sl.,-


2/11

KDQ_MABBK/D

Hi puhoim, ims bkuajajdms, -m ims kdthlrjdths ah ij jbtuji bjthlmrj ah

mpkdkd poikbj-, rhbkohd phrfjdhdthfhdth, j pjrtkr ah ij kd`mrfjbkd,

bmd quh hs omfojrahjaj, m ims fhdsjhs fhak!tkbms hd lhdhrji, jd!iksks,

j`krfjbkmdhs, prmdstkbms, ah`kdkbkmdhs " mpkdkmdhs kdthrhsjajs

aks`rj#jajs ah kd`mrfjbkd, smorh buhstkmdhs hd rhijbkd j a$`kbkt `ksbji,

brhbkfkhdtm, ojijd#j ah pjlms, suphr!%kt m hqukikorkm `ksbji, hsbjijaj

ah prhbkms, rkhslm pjs &dakbh rhsubktjam', " mtrms quh smd prhshdtjams

bmfm rhjikajahs h(biusk%jfhdth hbmdfkbjs)

m suhih prhshdtjrsh ij rhijbkd m ahphdahdbkj quh hstjs

hdtkajahs, jpjrhdthfhdth jutdmfjs bmdiih%jd bmd ijs ahbkskmdhs

pmitkbjs, sji%m bujdam $stjs sh jpjrtjd ah ij %kskd ah ij fjdm kd%kskoih

ahi fhrbjam, hd bu"m bjsm, kdah`hbtkoihfhdth shr! ij kdtrmfkskd ah ij

pmitkbj, ij rhspmdsjoih ah ijs ak`kbuitjahs quh hsthfms jtrj%hsjdam, " sh

bijfjr! bmdtrj ij ahsfhakaj prhshdbkj ahi Hstjam, jbmfpj+jam ah ijs

jrlufhdtjbkmdhs fjs t$bdkbjs pmskoihs, quh djturjikbhd hd ims rhbhptmrhs,

ij phrbhpbkd quh hstjs buhstkmdhs smd pjrj hdthdakams, pjrj

hbmdmfkstjs, smorhtmam sk $stms sjohd kdthrprhtjr ims phdsjfkhdtms ahi

fhrbjam&pmrquh pjrhbh quh jmrj tjfok$d tkhdhd hsj bjpjbkaja bmldktk%j')

Hs hdtmdbhs, quh j pjrtkr ah ims jpmrths ah ak%hrsms jutmrhs, js bmfm

ah ij bmd`rmdtjbkd ah sus pmsturjs, sh kdthdtjr! jrrmjr ud pmbm ah iu#,

smorh ijs prmoihf!tkbjs hdudbkjajs hd hi ttuim ahi trjojm, prmburjdamjrrkojr j bmdbiuskmdhs, quh puhajd rhspmdahr, m hd tmam bjsm, jorkr duh%ms

kdthrrmljdths pjrj hi ahojth)

_HR3HD AH QH:QMR JDJIKJAMR

2AH1KBKQ 1KRBJI M B_KRKR AHI RHBQM_ H:QH_DM8 D 0KH


3/11

Smr Hfkibh Qkrrh?j jutmrj jomraj ijs pmsturjs quh lkrjd hd tmrdm j ijs

bmdbhpbkmdhs ahi >F/, hd rhijbkd j im quh sh pijdthj bmfm ud

akihfj, hdtrh pmskbkmdhs bmdtrjpuhstjs smorh hi mrklhd ah ijs brksks ahims pjshs hd ahsjrrmiim) J im ijrlm ahi th(tm sh pmdhd smorh hi tjphth

ijs jrlufhdtjbkmdhs hd udm " mtrm shdtkam, js bmfm hi trjs`mdam

kstrkbm-pmitkbm ah ij prmoihf!tkbj ahi hdahuajfkhdtm hd Jrlhdtkdj)

9uhajd h(puhstms js ims pmims ah ij jdtkdmfkj bmdbhptuji quh

tktuij hi trjojm, " ims `jbtmrhs quh suo"jbhd j ijs fksfjs, tjihs bmfm

hi hqukikorkm `ksbji, ijs pmitkbjs 6h"dhskjdjs, ij hstrubturj ah

prmaubbkd, ij brksks fudakji ah ims 40= " ijs pmitkbjs ahsjrrmiijajs hdJrlhdtkdj, buifkdjdam bmd ijs pmskoihs bmdshbuhdbkjs ah ij osquhaj

m imlrm ah akbm hqukikorkm `ksbji)

JBH_BJ AHI HRQJAM [ AHI RSH_70KQ 1KRBJI?

Chsah hi bmfkhd#m sh ah`kdh, quh ij utkik#jbkd ahi h(bhahdth ahi

suphr!%kt `ksbji, hs hi prkdbkpji thfj hd aksbuskd hd ij hbmdmfj jrlhdtkdj,

fjrbjdam ij hsbjsj bijrkaja smorh akbj utkik#jbkd, bmd %kskmdhs quh %jd

ahsah hi smst$d akrhbtm j ims shbtmrhs f!s dhbhsktjams, jstj ijbmdstrubbkd ah morjs ah kd`rjhstrubturj, pjsjdam pmr hi `mfhdtm j ij

brhjbkd ah hfpihms, fhakjdth jpm"ms brhaktkbkms)

Chtr!s ah hstjs buhstkmdhs, rhjpjrhbh hi bmdtrm%hrtkam thfj smorh hi

pjphi ahi Hstjam, " sus dk%hihs ah prhshdbkj m jushdbkj hd ij smbkhaja)

Fhdbkmdj pmsturjs " hhfpims kstrkbms bmdbrhtms, tjdtm ah Jrlhdtkdj,

bmfm ah Hstjams dkams " hi :uahsth Jsk!tkbm, ims pmskbkmdjfkhdtms ji

rhsphbtm, js bmfm ij prmpkj pmsturj ahi jutmr)

HD )RBJ AH D DH0M H;KIK)_KM5

Hi th(tm hdbjrj hi jd!iksks ahi sksthfj ah bmpjrtkbkpjbkd ah

kfpuhstms hd Jrlhdtkdj, " buhstkmdj hi bufpikfkhdtm ah su supuhstj

5O

8Fjrkm 7jpmpmrt) .rdkbjs ah ij Jrlhdtkdj smorh%k%khdth mp)bkt) p) B4 j 0O

7jfkrm .jstk+hkrj>Hstuakjdth ah Hbmdmfj hd ij AJ'h(tm puoikbjam hd ij7h%kstj >jbuitjahs 1 @ttpLGGKKK)rh%kstj`jbuitjahs)bmf)jrGakspjtb)ppEjbtkmdNdmtjIkaNO4

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4/11

kdthdbkmdjikaja ah `mfhdtjr hi ahsjrrmiim " hqukaja hdtrh ijs prm%kdbkjs)

?uhlm ah h(pikbktjr quh ij Jrlhdtkdj buhdtj bmd ud `hahrjiksfm bhdtrjik#jam,

prhbksj sus bjrjbthrstkbjs, hd ijs quh ij bmpjrtkbkpjbkd ahoh shr udj

hrrjfkhdtj pjrj jshlurjr ud brhbkfkhdtm hbmdfkbm mfml$dhm)

Jskfksfm, pijdthj udj bmfpjrjbkd bmd ij rhjikaja dmrthjfhrkbjdj,

" ahsjrrmiij pmsthrkmrfhdth, bu!ihs shrjd j ukbkm ahi m ims jutmrhs, ijs

`udbkmdhs " mohtk%ms quh ahohrj bufpikr ij bmpjrtkbkpjbkd `hahrji, js

bmfm ims bjfkdms j rhbmrrhr " hhfpims pjrj ousbjr hi hqukikorkm hdtrh ij

bmpjrtkbkpjbkd " ij jutmdmfj prm%kdbkji hd fjthrkj `ksbji)

IJ SJ_7)MIJ AHI 9JRQM S6)IKBM$

Hi mtrmrj fhak!tkbm ujd .jrims ah Sjoim, rhijtj udj pjr!omij, quh sh

supmdh kiustrjtk%j rh`hrhdth ahi ljstm poikbm &akstrkoubkd ah kdlrhsms,

a$`kbkt `ksbji " mrljdk#jbkd pmitkbj ahi pjs) ?j pjr!omij hd buhstkd, jutmrj

ah Jrfjdam S) 7kojs, ahi ojstkd kdthihbtuji ah ij Jsmbkjbkd ah Ajdbms

Jrlhdtkdms, pijdthj udj kpmt$tkbj sktujbkd, hi quh 00 phrsmdjs %k%hd hd

udj ksij " prmburjd su susthdtm fhakjdth ij phsbj, " ijs rhphrbuskmdhs ah ij

rhaubbkd prmlrhsk%j ah ims phsbjamrhs, j pjrtkr ah ij prmlrhsk%j

mrljdk#jbkd ah hsj bmfudkaja)

Hd ud h%kahdth pjrjihiksfm bmd ij mrljdk#jbkd ah ij smbkhaja, hstj

supuhstjfhdth haubjtk%j pjr!omij, prhshdtj j ims phsbjamrhs

(prmaubtmrhs ah jild tkpm), bmfm %btkfjs ah qukhdhs smd fmstrjams bjsk

bmfm pjr!sktms, smsij"jdam ijs ak hrhdbkjbkmdhs `udbkmdjihs ah udj

mrljdk#jbkd pmitkbj thrrktmrkji &Hstjam', pjrj ij sjtks`jbbkd ah ijs

dhbhskajahs poikbjs)

_MI AHI HRQJAM

.mdtkdujdam bmd ij idhj ah rj#mdjfkhdtm hsom#jaj hd ij

/dtrmaubbkd, ak`bkifhdth puhaj hsbkdakrsh hi jd!iksks ah ij prmoihf!tkbj

`ksbji, skd udj ahthrfkdjbkd prh%kj ahi rmi ahi Hstjam, im buji

h%kahdthfhdth dm hs jilm dhutrm, puhs ahphdahr! ah ijs bmdbhpbkmdhs

kahmilkbjs j ijs quh sh jakhrj)

@ujd .jrims ah Sjoim) h(tm puoikbjam hd ij 7h%kstj >jbuitjahs 1 B) ttpLGGKKK)rh%kstj`jbuitjahs)bmf)jrGakspjtb)ppEjbtkmdNdmtjIkaNOB

@
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5/11

Hd hsth shdtkam, shld sh hdrmih hd udj %kskd ah ud Hstjam bmd udj

prhshdbkj jbtk%j m ùhrth hd ij smbkhaja, m ij ah udm prhsbkdahdth m

jushdth, quh ahh j bjrlm ahi fhrbjam ijs %jrkjoihs hbmdfkbjs, m ijs

pjutjs ah brhbkfkhdtm " ahsjrrmiim ah ij smbkhaja) Hd ùdbkd ah hiim shr!d

ijs %jimrjbkmdhs quh sh susthdthd jbhrbj ah ij mothdbkd, jafkdkstrjbkd "

akstrkoubkd ah ims rhbursms `ksbjihs

.jorj prhbksjr, quh sk hi Hstjam hs ij mrljdk#jbkd ah ims mforhs hd

smbkhaja, pjrj pmahr sjtks`jbhr ijs dhbhskajahs quh hiims dm pmarjd imlrjr

ùhrj ah hsh fjrbm, hd `mrfj kdak%kauji, " ousbjdam pmr tjdtm hi okhdhstjr

lhdhrji ah tmams ims kdthlrjdths ah ij bmfudkaja, ij jskldjbkd ah ims

rhbursms ahrk%jams ah ij bjrlj trkoutjrkj " mtrms kdlrhsms `ksbjihs, ahoh

prmburjr, j trj%$s ah hiims, ij sjtks`jbbkd ah ijs dhbhskajahs poikbjs)

ustjfhdth, Fjrkm 7jpmpmrt, fjdk`khstj quhL Hi prkdbkpji thfj hd

aksbuskd hd ij hbmdmfj Jrlhdtkdj gmy, hs ij utkikzjbkd ahi hbhahdth ahi

suphr!"kt #ksbji$ Shrm ahtr!s ah hstj buhstkd sh ah%jth mtrj f!s prm#udaj

&uh tkhdh &uh "hr bmd hi rmi ahi Hstjam hd ij smbkhaja jrlhdtkdj'$

Hstm dms rhfkth tjfok$d, j ijs phrbhpbkmdhs, quh jbhrbj ahi Hstjam,

hst!d prhshdths hd ij smbkhaja, " bmfm j skam hd`mbjam hd su fitkpih

jbbkmdjr, dm smijfhdth hd im pmitkbm, skdm tjfok$d hd im hbmdfkbm, hd im

smbkji " hd im buiturji)

Jmrj okhd, Dahohrj hi Hstjam thdhr jild tkpm ah rmi hd ij brhjbkd

ah ij rkquh#jE Ji h`hbtm shlurjfhdth ims hbmdmfkstjs dhmikohrjihs, dms

akr!d pmahfms quh h(bhptm hd fjdthdhr ij ih" " hi mrahd, suphr%ksjr ij

fmdhaj " fjdhjr ij ah`hdsj djbkmdji, tmajs ijs mtrjs ùdbkmdhs puhahd

jbhrijs fhmr hi bjpktjiksfm bmfphtktk%m)

:kd hfojrlm hstms shbtmrhs dm bmdskahrjd kdbmfpjtkoih su pmskbkd,

bmd ij prhshdbkj quh m", " ùdajfhdtjifhdth ahsah ims B0= hd jahijdth,tkhdh hi Hstjam, suoskakjdam jbtk%kajahs ah ij hbmdmfj quh ùhrmd

prk%jtk#jajs " quh m", skluhd rhbkokhdam, bujdtkmsjs pjrtkajs pmr pjrth ah

hsh fksfm Hstjam, quh brktkbjd, dm mostjdth im buji, sk sh hfojrbj, hd

jbtk%kajahs prmaubtk%js, m ahstkdj `mdams pjrj bmfphdsjr ij ahsklujiaja

smbkji, rhakstrkou"hdam kdlrhsm j pjrtkr ah ims rhbursms ksbjihs)

dj %kskd tmtjifhdth ikohrji, h(pmdarj quh hi kdlrhsm djbkmdji quh

sh lhdhrj hd ud pjs "j sh akstrkou"h j trj%$s ahi fhrbjam hdtrh ims

5Jbhrbj ahi Hstjam " ahi suphr!%kt `ksbji, hd .rdkbjs ah ij jrlhdtkdj

smorh%k%khdth, p)B4

5


6/11

kdak%kaums " `jfkikjs quh im kdthlrjd) ?j akstrkoubkd rhsuitjdth shr! f!s m

fhdms klujiktjrkj, shld bfm hst$ rhpjrtkaj ij prmpkhaja ah ims `jbtmrhs

prmaubtk%ms " bu!i shj hi sksthfj ah prhbkms m rhtrkoubkmdhs %klhdth hd hi

pjs)

?j akstrkoubkd ùdbkmdji ahi kdlrhsm hstjr! %kdbuijaj ji rhpjrtm ahi

kdlrhsm hdtrh ims `jbtmrhs ah ij prmaubbkd, ùdajfhdtjifhdth hi trjojm "

hi bjpktji) ?j pjrth ahi kdlrhsm quh bmrrhspmdah ji trjojm " ij quh sh

ahstkdj j rhtrkoukr hi bjpktji ahphdahr! ah ij prmpmrbkd ah hstms `jbtmrhs

utkik#jaj hd ij prmaubbkd " ah ij rhijbkd hdtrh ims prhbkms ah akbms

`jbtmrhs)

Smdkhdam oijdbm smorh dhlrm, Dhs quh hi Hstjam tkhdh m" udj pmitkbj

bijrj " ah kdkaj ah rhakstrkoubkd ah ij rkquh#j jbkj ims shbtmrhs f!s

pmsthrljams m h(biukamsE Ji rhsphbtm sh pmarj ahbkr quh hi Hstjam,

kdthr%khdh prmburjdam hi mohtk%m quh ijs ak`hrhdbkjs ah kdlrhsm dm shjd

fu" prmdudbkjajs " im jbh j trj%$s ah im quh sh ahdmfkdj pmitkbj

rhakstrkoutk%j, " fhakjdth jbbkmdhs quh dm sh jihjd tjfpmbm ahfjskjam ah

ims pjrjaklfjs ahi .mdshdsm ah Mjskdltmd &prmlrjfjs bmfphdsjtmrkms,

pijdhs mbjik#jams, htb)'

Hstm hs bmdsksthdth bmd ij %kskd ahi >F/, quh ji ahbkr ah Hfkibh krrh,

jbh $d`jsks hd ims pijdhs ah hstjokik#jbkd " hd hi a$`kbkt `ksbji bmfm `jbtmr

bij%h ah ijs brksks, akbh hiij quh pjrj hi mrljdksfm kdthrdjbkmdji hi

ahsfhakam ljstm p%ikbm y hi a#kbkt #ksbji smd j ij "hz, bjuksj y

bmdshbuhdbkj (*) ah rhaudajdths hfkskmdhs, jufhdtm ahsfhakam ah

ik&ukahz (*) y hsbjiaja ah ims prhbkms (*) y iih"jd j ud brhbkfkhdtm

kdbmdtrmij%ih ah ij hspkrji kd#ijbkmdjrkj*+

Jmrj okhd, ùhrmd ijs pmitkbjs 6h"dhskjdjs, &m", ahs%jimrk#jajs' ijs

quh phrfktkhrmd ij rhbuphrjbkd quh akm iuljr j ij iijfjaj haja ah mrm ahibjpktjiksfm, fjrb!damsh fu" bijrjfhdth hd hi th(tm jdjik#jam, ij

kdbmdlruhdbkj ahi >F/, quh rhbmfhdajoj rhbhtjs hd ims 50= " 0=, quh dm

jpikbjojd ims pjshs ahsjrrmiijams, jahf!s ah ij hstrhbj %kdbuijbkd bmd hi

prmbhsm ah kdaustrkjik#jbkd, quh ij iih%jd j prhludtjrshL Hsh a#kbkt &uh

sh hs#mrzj%jd hd bmrrhlkr, dm hrj hi bmrmijrkm ilkbm ah ud prmbhsm ah

ahsjrrmiim

7hbmrahfms quh hi th(tm ah Hfkibh krrh ùh hsbrktm hd jorki ah 8008

42A4&kbkt &ksb!" m brksks ah" shbtmr hthrdm8 d =khCm ak"hf!) Hfkibh krrh, hd

.rdkbjs ah ij Jrlhdtkdj smorh%k%khdth, haktmr, Fjrkm 7jpmpmrt


7/11

Smr itkfm, bjoh jbhr udj phquh+j rh`hrhdbkj j ij pjr!omij

rhprmaubkaj pmr ujd .jrims ah Sjoim, ij buji puhah thdhr %jrkjs

kdthrprhtjbkmdhs, udj ij h(prhsjaj hd hi rhsufhd, m shj hi ahsbmdmbkfkhdtm

ah ij skldk`kbjbkd ah ij %kaj hd smbkhaja, " ahdtrm ah hiij hi pjphi ahi

Hstjam)

Ztrj ihbturj, hs quh puhah hstjr kdspkrjaj hd jquhiims shbtmrhs

prmaubtk%ms &ih!sh jlrm p) h)', quh skhdthd &" im h(prhsjd bijrjfhdth' quh

hst!d bjrljdam, bmd hi phsm hbmdfkbm ah ij rhakstrkoubkd ah ij rkquh#j, ah

ij buji kdthrprhtjd, smd m" hd Jrlhdtkdj, h(biusk%ms lhdhrjamrhs j pjrtkr

ah ijs h(pmrtjbkmdhs, ajdam pmr shdtjam, quh hiim dm kfpikbj bmstms pjrj hi

Hstjam)

?j rhjikaja hs quh hi `udbkmdjfkhdtm ahi Hstjam " ij sjtks`jbbkd ah

ijs dhbhskajahs poikbjs, kfpikbj bmstms, " ji ahbkr ah Ahiksjrkm _kiihljsL *

hi lm%khrdm smijfhdth pmar! gjbhr #rhdth j hstjs hrmljbkmdhs sk buhdtj bmd

ims fhakms phbudkjrkms$ .h hiim sh ahsprhdah &uh hi lm%khrdm ah%h thdhr

kdlrhsms, ims bujihs ahrk"jd ah sus rhbursms p%ikbms$jbuitjahs 1 @)

ttpLGGKKK)rh%kstj`jbuitjahs)bmf)jrGakspjtb)ppEjbtkmdNdmtjIka

NO4 I! !r*m"! ah" l!stm *"kbm ujd .jrims ah Sjoim) h(tm

puoikbjam hd ij 7h%kstj >jbuitjahs 1 B)

ttpLGGKKK)rh%kstj`jbuitjahs)bmf)jrGakspjtb)ppEjbtkmdNdmtjIkaN

OB

Jbhrb! ah" Hst!am % ah" suhr=kt &ksb!", Fjrkm 7jpmpmrt hd

.rdkbjs ah ij jrlhdtkdj smorh%k%khdth

2A4&kbkt &ksb!" m brksks ah" shbtmr hthrdm8 d =khCm ak"hf!)

Hfkibh krrh, hd .rdkbjs ah ij Jrlhdtkdj smorh%k%khdth, haktmr, Fjrkm7jpmpmrt

Bursm ah &kd!d#!s ahrhbOm &kd!dbkhrm % trk*ut!rkm) 3$btmrAhiksjrkm _kiihljs, Haktmrkji Jstrhj 8008,

?--'
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