Tema7hmc
Transcript of Tema7hmc
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el reparto colonial
generó fuertes rivalidades entre las potencias europeas
estas enemistades se unieron a las tradicionales que ya existían
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Bismarck utilizó estas rivalidades para lograr dos alianzas
Triple Alianza (1882) Alemania, Austria-Hungría e Italia
Tratado del Reaseguro (1887) Alemania y Rusia
siempre con el fin de aislar a Francia
A partir de 1890 la política del emperador Guillermo II
cambia
prescinde de Bismarck
comenzó una “política mundial” con el fin de dar a Alemania
una relevancia mundial acorde con su poderío económico
constante política de armamento
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Este desafío de Alemania generó
una carrera de armamentos de las demás potencias
sobre todo Gran Bretaña, la gran potencia mundial
a este panorama se sumaron dos nuevas potencias
Japón y EE.UU.
Este período (1890-1914) se conoce como la PAZ ARMADA
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Principal problema en Europa
la zona de los Balcanes
se vieron implicados casi todos los países
En 1908 Austria-Hungría se anexionó Bosnia-Herzegovina
(protestaron rusos, turcos y serbios)
Al final, se cedió a favor de Austria-Hungría
Primera Guerra Balcánica los pequeños países surgidos de las crisis
del Imperio Turco declararon la guerra a Turquía (1912-1913). La derrotaron.
Segunda Guerra Balcánica disputas entre los países balcánicos por
la supremacía en la zona. Sale reforzada Serbia que tiene una gran enemistad
por Asutria-Hungría (por Bosnia). Albania se independiza.
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1914: guerra de movimientos
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1914: guerra de movimientos
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1915-17la guerra entra en una nueva fase
guerra de posiciones
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1915-17
guerra de posiciones
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¿cómo se iba a salir
de este atolladero?
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U-Boot U20
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Woodrow Wilson
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Woodrow Wilson
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Telegrama Zimmermann
Hundimiento del Vigilantia
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Woodrow Wilson2 de abril 1917
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mientras tanto,
en el frente oriental…
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Zar Nicolás II
El ejército ruso ha sido incapaz
de derrotar al alemán habiendo sufrido,
además, una sangría constante.
El poder del Zar se ha debilitado mucho.
Un gran descontento recorre Rusia…
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Noviembre de 1917
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Tratado de Brest-Litovsk
3 de marzo de 1918
armisticio desde diciembre del 17
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Durante la primavera de 1917, (...) comenzaron a
producirse motines en algunas unidades francesas.
Pronto se extendieron por el frente. Los soldados
protestaban por la forma en que se conducía la guerra,
en la que eran sacrificados sin beneficio, y se negaban a
combatir. El peligro de un desmoronamiento del frente
era evidente. En noviembre, dimitió el gobierno Painlevé
y le fue confiado el poder a Georges Clemanceau.
Asustado por lo que creía un movimiento revolucionario,
el jefe del gobierno procedió a abortarlo por dos
procedimientos. Primero desató una despiadada
represión no sólo contra los amotinados -554 condenas
a muerte, de las que se ejecutaron 49-, sino también
contra los socialistas que habían abandonado la Unión
Sagrada y contra los pacifistas en general. Luego,
sustituyó al desprestigiado Nivelle por Pétain, quien
detuvo las costosas e inútiles ofensivas.
J. Gil Pecharromán. La Gran Guerra.
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— Alemania planifica el asalto definitivo a París tras la
desaparición del frente oriental. Fracasó
estrepitosamente debido al cansancio de las tropas >
repliegue alemán
— Alemania va perdiendo apoyos ante la firma de
armisticios de Bulgaria, Turquía y Austria-Hungría >
Alemania se queda sola
— estallan motines en el país que provocan la
abdicación de Guillermo II > se proclama una
república > Alemania se rinde oficialmente en
noviembre de 1918
el fin de la guerra: desmoronamiento de Alemania
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las consecuencias de la guerra
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efectos demográficos
consecuencias políticas y territoriales
cambios económicos y sociales
cambios ideológicos
es evidente que tras más de 4 años de guerra total
el mundo no podía ser el mismo…
… y no lo fue
la I Guerra Mundial trajo consigo profundas consecuencias
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