Teoria7-14

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 1/75

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


Unidad 7-14.............................................................................................................................................................1

Grammar..............................................................................................................................................................1

1.-Infinitive and verbs + ing form...................................................................................................................1

2.-at, in, and on to express location.................................................................................................................7

3.-odals verbs...............................................................................................................................................!

4.- "s and li#e................................................................................................................................................14

$.-%elative prono&ns and relative cla&ses.....................................................................................................1$'.-()ird conditional and mixed conditional..................................................................................................1'

7.-*is), if onl and )ope..............................................................................................................................17

.- a&sative )ave and get.............................................................................................................................1

!.- ()e passive...............................................................................................................................................1

1.- %eporter speec)......................................................................................................................................21

11.- /a and tell.............................................................................................................................................2'

12.- Used to, ,didn0t &se to, beget &sed to........................................................................................................2'

13.-()e...........................................................................................................................................................27

14.- o&ntable and &nco&ntable no&ns.............................................................................................................2

1$.-&antifiers...................................................................................................................................................2

1'.-5a and 5ie -- *)ic) is correct6................................................................................................................2!ocab&lar.........................................................................................................................................................3

1.-erb location 8it) sporting activities.......................................................................................................3

2.-"c)ieve, carr o&t and devote..................................................................................................................3

3.-"rrive, get and reac).................................................................................................................................31

4.- expressions for ve)icles...........................................................................................................................31

$.-Ideomatic expressions...............................................................................................................................31

'.-"void, prevent and protect. )ec# , control, #eep an ee on and s&pervise.............................................32

7.-/pace, place, room, area, location an s9&are............................................................................................33

.-5oo#, see or 8atc)....................................................................................................................................34

!.-"cting, a&dience, performance, pla, p&blic, scene, spectator, stage.......................................................3$

1.-/ta, spend, pass, ma#e, ca&se................................................................................................................3'

11.-"lt)o&g, even t)o&g) and despite of......................................................................................................37

12 :ce spea#ing vocab&lar..........................................................................................................................37

12 :ce spea#ing vocab&lar..........................................................................................................................3

;nglis)-/panis) 8ords......................................................................................................................................3!

<)rasal verbs.....................................................................................................................................................47

Phrasal verbs English version......................................................................................................................4

;=ercicios sol&ciones......................................................................................................................................4!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


Unidad 7-14

Grammar

1.-Infinitive and verbs + ing form

1.1 Infinitive

*e &se t)e infinitive>

• (o sa 8) 8e do somet)ing>

I’ve just gone running to get some exercise.

He’s taken up tennis to make friends.

•(o sa 8) somet)ing exists>

There’s an example to help you.

• "fter too and eno&g)>

It’s too cold to go simming today.

He isn’t good enough to make the national team.

• *e &se t)e infinitive in t)e follo8ing verb patterns.

<ag 1

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


• *e &se t)ese verbs from t)e lists above to report speec)>

Advice Agree Allow AskDecideEncourageForbidInviteOffer,Order PermitPersuade

PromiseRecommendRefuseRemindTellThreatenWarn

<ag 2

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.2 erb + ing

*e &se a verb + -ing>

• "fter prepositions>

He’s made a lot of friends by joining the tennis club.

!e atched a film about climbing in the mountains.

• ?ote> *e also &se a verb + -ing after to 8)en to is a preposition>

I’m looking forard to going on holiday.

"he’s used to studying everything in English.

• "s s&b=ects or ob=ects of a sentence>

#limbing is safer than it looks.

He decided to take up running.

• *e &se a verb + -ing after t)ese verbs>

Admitareciate,avoid,celebrate,consider,

dela!den!dislikeen"o!finishimagineinvolvekee

mindmissostoneractiseregretriskstosuggest

<ag 3

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


• *e &se a verb + -ing after t)ese expressions>

It0s no good

It0s not 8ort)

It0s no &se

It0s a 8aste of time

I can0t stand

I can0t bear

I cant )elp

It’s not orth joining that sport club.

It’s a aste of time entering the competition unless you’re really fit

I can’t bear atching my team hen they play badly.

• erbs follo8ed b eit)er an infinitive or a verb + -ing 8it) almost t)e same meaning>

#ove$egin

%ontinue&atePrefer #ike'tart

I love plaing tennis.

I love to pla tennis.

It contin&ed raining all da.

It contin&ed to rain all da.

• ?ote> *)en love, )ate, prefer and li#e are &sed 8it) 8o&ld, t)e are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive>

I ouldn’t like to do an adventure race.

I’d prefer to atch in on television.

<ag 4

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


• *e &se verb +-ing after t)ese verbs>

Admit Areciate Avoid%elebrate%onsider Dela!Den!DislikeEn"o!FinishImagineInvolve

(ee)ind)issPostonePractiseRegretRisk'to

'uggest

I really enjoyed inning that match.

"he suggested playing a game of s$uash after school.

• *e can &se t)ese verbs from t)e list above in reported speec)>

"dmit

@en

%egret

/&ggest

<ag $

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.3 erbs follo8ed b eit)er an infinitive or a verb + -ing 8it) a difference in meaning

erb + infinitive erb + -ing

%emember @id o& remember to bring

o&r r&nning s)oes6 Aan action

o& )ave to doB

I remember feeling ver tired at

t)e end of t)e race. Aa memor of

somet)ing in t)e past.B

:orget @on0t forget to bring o&r

tennis rac#et.Aan action o&

)ave to doB.

I0ll never forget 8inning m first

tennis c)ampions)ip. Aa memor

of somet)ing in t)e pastB.

%egret I regret to tell o& t)e race )as

been cancelled. Aregret + to

sa to tell to inform means

CI0m sorr to five o& t)is

information0.B

I regret not training )arder before

t)e race. AI0m sorr I didn0t do

t)isB.

(r I0m r&nning ever da beca&se

I0m tring to get fit.A

ob=ective is to get fitB.

If o& 8ant to get fit, 8) don0t

o& tr s8imming6A/8imming is

a met)od to reac) o&rob=ective.B

ean ario means to 8in t)e

c)ampions)ips At)is is )is

intentionB.

I 8anted to be a s8imming

c)ampion, b&t it meant going to

t)e pool ever da at $>$ Ait

involvedB.

/top Dalf8a t)ro&g) t)e marat)on,

)e stopped to drin# some 8ater.

AIn order to drin# some 8aterB.

*)en )e realised )e co&ldn0t

8in, )e stopped r&nning. ADe

didn0t contin&e.B

• ?ote> ()e form forget + verb + -ing is &n&s&al. It is more normal to &se AnotB remember.

I forgot riding a bike the first time.

I don’t remember riding a bike the first time.

<ag '

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


2.-at, in, and on to express location

2.1 *e &se at>

• 8)en 8e t)in# of a place as a point, not an area Aincl&ding at )ome, at sc)ool, at 8or#, at &niversitB>

The postman is at the front door.

• to tal# abo&t an event 8it) a n&mber of people>

I’ll see you at the party tonight%

• :or addresses>

The party is at &'( !ood )venue.

2.2 *e &se in>

• *)en 8e t)in# of a place as an area or space>

*lga lives in "t Petersburg.

"onia lives in a large house in the country.

• :or cars and taxis>

l love listening to m&sic 8)en I0m in t)e car.

• ?ormall 8it) in class, in )ospital, in prison, in co&rt>

Patrick is in hospital ith a broken leg.

• *it) people or t)ings 8)ic) form lines>

!e stood in the ticket $ueue for four hours.

• :or t)e 8orld>

He’s reputed to be one of the richest men in the orld.

<ag 7

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


2.3 *e &se on>

• (o tal# abo&t a position in contact 8it) a s&rface>

There’s an insect on your forehead.

"he lay on the beach all day.

• 8it) coast, road to, t)e o&ts#irts of, t)e edge of, border, t)e 8a tofrom, etc>

!e can stop at my village+ hich is on the ay to ,adrid.

• 8it) means of transport apart from cars and taxis Asee aboveB>

l alays get frightened on planes.

• for tec)nolog>

He’s been on the phone for hours. I found out about it on -acebook.

• *it) left and rig)t>

Talk to the student on your right.

• 8it) premises, farm, floor, island and list>

It’s on the fifth floor.

ou’re not on my list of students for this class.

<ag

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


3.-Modals verbs

*e &se modal verbs to express t)e spea#er0s vie8 of abilit, certaint and possibilit, obligation,

pro)ibition and permission.

• ()ese modal verbs are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive 8it)o&t to> can, co&ld, ma, mig)t, m&st, s)all,

s)o&ld, 8ill, 8o&ld

• ()ese modal verbs are al8as follo8ed b t)e infinitive 8it) to> )ave to, o&g)t to

ote! odal verbs al8as )ave t)e same form, i.e. no EsE in t)e t)ird person sing&lar ADe can comeB or

-ed in t)e past Aexcept for )ave to, 8)ic) c)anges in t)e same 8a as )aveB.

3.1 ;xpressing abilit

(o sa someone )as an abilit, 8e &se can, canEt, co&ld, co&ldn0t and be able to.

In t)e present, 8e &se>

• can or amisare able to to express abilit

• can0t or am notFisn0taren0t able to for t)ings 8)ic) are not possible.

/i0 can speak five languages+ but she can’t speak 1ussian.

The doctor’s able to see you no+ but she isn’t able to see you tomorro.

ote! *e &s&all &se can and can0t 8)en spea#ing beca&se

t)e are s)orter and less formal t)an able to.

in t)e past, 8e &se>

• o&ld onl 8)en spea#ing in general>

*)en l 8as a c)ild, l co&ld read 8it)o&t glasses.

• 8as8ere able to 8)en spea#ing abo&t somet)ing someone s&cceeded in doing on one

partic&lar occasion>

2ad didn’t have any money on him+ but fortunately he as able to use his credit card to pay the bill.3not He couldn’t use his credit card to pay the bill.4

• co&ldn0t and 8asn0t8eren0t able to 8)en spea#ing in general and also 8)en spea#ing abo&t

one partic&lar occasion>

Pascual asn’t able to 5 couldn’t do al5 the $uestions in the maths exam.

*lga couldn’t 5 asn6t able to ride a bike till she as (7.

• *)en tal#ing abo&t abilit, 8e &se can onl in t)e present and co&ld onl in t)e past. :or

perfect and f&t&re tenses, 8e &se able to>

I’ve been very busy so I haven’t been able to finish reading the novel. 3Present perfect4.

!hen you finish the course+ you’ll be able to speak English really ell. 3future simple4

<ag !

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


ote! *e do not &se be able to in t)e contin&o&s.

• *e &se be able to after an infinitive>

"he hopes to be able to study medicine hen she goes to university.

• *e &se be able to after modal verbs Amig)t, s)o&ld, ma, etcB>

If I’m free this eekend+ I might be able to help you paint your house.

*)en o&0ve finis)ed t)is co&rse, o& s)o&ld be able to spea# ;nglis) ver 8ell.

• *e &s&all &se can and co&ld 8it) see, )ear, smell, feel and taste>

-rom the top of the mountain e could see for miles.

I can hear a strange noise coming from upstairs.

• Do8ever, 8e &se manage 8)en 8e s&cceed in doing somet)ing 9&ite diffic&lt to do>

I kno you’ve been busy+ but did you manage to phone my mum8

He managed to pass the exam+ although he as feeling ill hen he did it.

ote! co&ld is not possible in t)is example>

He could pass the exam although he as feeling ill hen he did it

3.2 ;xpressing certaint and possibilit

(o express certaint abo&t t)e present, 8e &se>

• m&st>

"he’s been in over (9 films+ so she must be very ell knon.

ote! *e &s&all )ave a good reason for expressing t)is certaint, e.g. /)e0s been in over 7$ films.

• can0t or co&ldn0t for t)e negative Anot m&stn0tB>

ou can’t be tired. ou’ve just got out of bed% ,ark couldn’t have been at the party : he’s on holiday in )merica at the moment.

(o express certaint abo&t t)e past, 8e &se>

• m&st )ave + past participle>

ou have a very big part in the play.

it must have taken you ages to learn all the lines.

• can0t )ave and co&ldn0t )ave + past participle in negative sentences>

"he can’t have left her glasses at home : l sa her earing them on the bus.

"he couldn’t have stolen the money because she’s far too honest.

<ag 1

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


(o express possibilit abo&t t)e present or f&t&re, 8e &se>

• ma, mig)t or co&ld>

I may come and visit you next summer.

!e might go to the cinema if e finish all our ork in time

!e’d better go for a alk no because it could rain later.

• ma not and mig)t not Aor mig)tn0tB in negative sentences Anot can0t or co&ldn0t 8)ic) expresscertaintB>

-rankie is looking very pa5e. He may not be very ell.

2on’t cook any dinner for me because I might not be back in time.

(o express possibilit abo&t t)e past, 8e &se>

• ma )ave, mig)t )ave, co&ld )ave, ma not )ave, mig)t not )ave + past participle>

It0s &nli#e /all to be late. /)e ma )ave overslept, or s)e mig)t not )ave remembered t)e

appointment.

3.3 bligation - m&st and )ave to

*e can often &se m&st and )ave to 8it)o&t an difference in meaning>

Teachers must 5 have to try to make their lessons as interesting as possible.

"o#ever, #e $se!

• m&st + infinitive 8it)o&t to in t)e present tense. :or ot)er tenses, 8e &se )ave to + infinitive>

I’d like to go camping+ but I’ll have to ask my parents.

In order to get the holiday job I had to fill in an application form and do an intervie.

• Dave to more often Fn 9&estions>

2o e have to anser all the $uestions8

• m&st for a goal Aor an obligationB t)at 8e give o&rselves>

I must go to the supermarket later.

• )ave to 8)en t)e obligation comes from someone else>

,y teacher has given me a lot of homeork hich l have to do for ,onday.

• m&st for strong advice>

ou must be careful if you stay out late at night.

<ag 11

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


t)er 8as of expressing obligation>

• *e &se be s&pposed to + infinitive to tal# abo&t an obligation 8)ic) is different from 8)at

reall )appens>

!e’re supposed to do five riting task each term. 3;ut most people only do to or three.4

)ren’t you supposed to be in class right no8 3i.e. not out here playing football4

• *e &se s)o&ld + infinitive 8it)o&t to to tal# abo&t t)e rig)t t)ing to do, b&t 8)ic) is differentfrom 8)at reall )appens>

ou should anser using your on ideas+ not things you have memorised beforehand.

• ()e past of s)o&ld is s)o&ld )ave + past participle>

ou shouldn’t have tried to anser all three $uestions in !riting Part <%

• *e can &se o&g)t to to mean Es)o&ldE>

ou ought to be more polite to the people you deal ith.

3.4 <ro)ibition

• *e &se t)ese modal verbs and p)rases to express pro)ibition> can0t, m&stnEt, not let, AbeB not

allo8ed to, don0t allo8 AsomebodB to.

ou can’t go in there : it says ’=o entry

ou mustn’t speak during the exam : it’s forbidden.

,y sister on’t let me listen to her #2s. I’m not alloed to use the kitchen in my host family’s house.

,y parents didn’t allo me to play computer games hen I as small.

• *e do not &se don0t )ave to to express pro)ibition>

ou mustn’t use your mobile phone in class. 3It6s not alloed.4

• ompare t)is 8it)>

ou don’t have to use your mobile phone to speak to -ayed. /ook% He’s over there. 3i.e. It’s not necessary.4

• In t)e past, 8e &se> co&ldn0t, didn0t let, 8asn0t allo8ed to,didn0t allo8 AsomebodB to>

I couldn’t leave the room until the end of the meeting.

"he asn’t alloed to invite her boyfriend to the party

• *e donEt &se m&stn0t to tal# abo&t t)e past>

I must couldn’t ride my bike to school because my mum thought It as dangerous.

!e mustn’t eren’t alloed to use our dictionary in the exam last eek.

<ag 12

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


3.$ <ermission

• (o express permission, 8e &se> can Apast co&ldB, let, am allo8ed to and ma Apast 8as8ere

allo8ed toB.

ou can only use your phone during the break+ not in #lass.

)re e alloed to use calculators in the maths exam8

"he let him borro her bicycle to get to the station.

• *e onl &se ma in formal sit&ations>

It’s not necessary to stay until the end of the examination.

!hen you have ansered all the $uestions+ you may leave the room.

• (o sa t)at t)ere is no obligation, or it0s not necessar, 8e &se> don0t )ave to, don0t need to and

neednEt>

This is a really good exercise on phrasal verbs for any one ho’s interested+ but it’s not for homeork+

so you don’t have to do it if you don’t ant to. ou needn’t learn all the vocabulary on this page : only

the ords you think are useful.

I didn’t need to means 6It asn6t necessary and I didn’t do it

I needn’t have means 6It asn6t necessary but I did it’>

I didn’t need to buy a nespaper to find out the story because I’d already heard it on the radio.

!hat love5y roses% ou needn’t have bought me so many+ but it as very generous of you.

<ag 13

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


4.- %s and li&e

4.1 "s

'e $se as!

•

to sa someone or somet)ing is t)at t)ing, or )as t)at f&nction>

He orks as a nurse

"he uses email as a ay of keeping in touch ith friends.

#an I give you some advice as a friend8

• to mean t)e same as before a s&b=ect + verb or a past participle>

Things happened exact5y as l had predicted.

The exam as as expected : very difficult%

• to mean Ebeca&seE>"s tomorro8 is a p&blic )olida, I 8ill not be giving o& an )ome8or# to do.

• after certain verbs incl&ding describe and regard>

•

The teachers regard you as the best group of students in the school.

The police are describing him as extremely dangerous.

• 8it) ad=ectives and adverbs to ma#e comparisons>

,ike is not as clever as his sister.

• to mean Efor example0 in t)e p)rase s&c) as>

•

I spent the summer travelling round Europe and visiting lots of places such as ?enice+ -lorence and

;arcelona.

• 8it) t)e sameH as>

ou’re earing the same colour "hirt as me%

• in t)e p)rases

)s far as I kno 3l think it6s true but i don6t I kno ail the facts4

)s far as I’m concerned 3this is my personal opinion4

)s far as l can see5tell 3this is hat I’ve noticed or understood4>

)s far as l kno+ my grandparents have alays lived in the same house.

I don’t mind ho much money you spend on #lothes you can spend all your money on clothes as far

as I’m concerned.

)rsenal isn’t going to in the cup this year as far as I can see.

<ag 14

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


4.2 5i#e

'e $se li&e!

• to mean 0similar to0 Aespeciall after t)e verbs be, seem, feel, loo#, so&nd, smell and tasteB>

He’s eating hat looks like a hamburger.

This simming pool is fantastic : the artificial aves mean

It’s like simming in the sea.

• to mean Efor exampleE>

He enjoys all sorts of adventure sports like paragliding+ indsurfing and canoeing.

(.-)elative prono$ns and relative cla$ses

" cla&se is a gro&p of 8ords containing a s&b=ect and a verb in a tense 8)ic) form a sentence or part of a

sentence.

%elative cla&ses start 8it) t)ese relative prono&ns> 8)o, 8)ic), t)at, 8)ose, 8)ere, 8)en and 8).

%elative cla&ses

()e man 8)o p)oned o& is m doctor.

$.1 @efining relative cla&ses

%elative cla&ses 8)ic) tell &s 8)ic) partic&lar person or t)ing t)e spea#er is tal#ing abo&t are called defining

relative cla&ses. ()e give essential information>

()e doctor 8)o treated me is m co&sin.

()e relative cla&se tells &s 8)ic) doctor 8e are tal#ing abo&t.

$.2 ?on-@efining relative cla&ses

%elative cla&ses 8)ic) give &s extra information are called non-defining relative cla&ses>

doctor, 8)o belongs to t)e same tennis cl&b as o&, vaccinated me esterda.

*e alread #no8 8)ic) doctor AitEs m doctorB 8)o belongs to t)e same tennis cl&b as o& does not tell &s

8)ic) doctor are tal#ing abo&t it =&st adds extra information.

()ere are differences in grammar>

@efining relative cla&ses @efining relative cla&ses

• @on0t )ave commas.

• Use t)e follo8ing relative prono&ns>

8)o, 8)ic), 8)ose, 8)ere, 8)en and 8).

• an &se t)at instead of 8)o or

8)ic).

• *)o, 8)ic) or t)at can be omitted

8)en t)e are t)e ob=et of t)e cla&se> ()e

medicine A-8)ic)t)atB t)e doctor gave me

s)o&ld be ta#en t8ice a da At)e doctor is t)e

• Use commas Aor pa&ses in /po#en

;nglis)B.

• Use t)e follo8ing relative prono&ns>

*)o, 8)ic), 8)ose, 8)ere and 8)en.

• @on0t &se t)at.

• ()e relative prono&n cannot be

omitted.

<ag 1$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


s&b=ect and -8)ic) t)at t)e ob=ect of t)e

cla&seB.

<ag 1'

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


*.-ird conditional and mixed conditional

'.1 ()ird conditional

*e &se a t)ird conditional to tal# abo&t>

• /omet)ing 8)ic) did not )appen in t)e past and its res&lts, 8)ic) are imaginar.

If o& )ad gone to t)e concert, o& 8o&ld )ave en=oed it.

If o& )ad p)oned me t)is morning, l 8o&ld not )ave been late for sc)ool.

If I )ad lived Fn t)e 1!t) cent&r, l 8o&ld )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse. AIf I )ad lived in t)e 1!t) cent&r

Asomet)ing 8)ic) did not )appen - I am alive no8B, I 8o&ld )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse Aan imaginar

conse9&ence beca&se I didnEt live in t)e 1!t) cent&rB.B

If )e )adn0t reacted 9&ic#l, t)e )ippo 8o&ld )ave #illed )im. ADe reacted 9&ic#l, so t)e )ippo didnEt #ill )im.B

ote! *e can contract t)e t)ird conditional as follo8s>

If IEd lived in t)e 1!t) cent&r, IEd )ave gone to sc)ool b )orse.

If )e )adn0t been in s&c) a )&rr, )e 8o&ldnEt )ave )ad an accident.

*e can &se co&ld and mig)t instead of 8o&ld>

fo&r team )ad plaed )arder, t)e co&ld )ave 8on t)e matc). A()e )ad t)e abilit to 8in t)e matc), b&t t)e

didnEt, beca&se t)e didnEt pla )ard eno&g).B

If o&r team )ad plaed )arder, t)e 8o&ld )ave 8on t)e matc). A()e 8ere s&re to 8in, b&t t)e didn0t beca&se

t)e didn0t pla )ard eno&g).B

If t)e 8eat)er )ad been better, 8e mig)t )ave gone s8imming. A/8imming 8as a possibilit.B

If t)e 8eat)er )ad been better, 8e 8o&ld )ave gone s8imming. A/8imming 8as a certaint.B

'.2 ixed conditional

<ag 17

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7.-'is, if onl and ope

*e &se 8is) if onl + past simple to sa 8e 8o&ld li#e a present sit&ation to be different>

l 8is) I )ad a 8armer =ac#et A()is one doesn0t #eep me 8arm.B

If onl it 8as t)e s&mmer )olidas AJ&t it isnEt - IEm still at sc)ool.B

ote! ()is &se of 8is) if onl is similar to second conditional, i.e. it &ses a past tense to refer to somet)ing

8)ic) is contrar to t)e facts in t)e present.

*e &se 8is) if onl + 8o&ld to sa>

• 8e 8ant somet)ing to )appen>

I 8is) m car 8o&ld start Al canEt ma#e it start and I 8ant

it to start.B

•8e 8ant someone to start doing somet)ing t)e don0t do>

If onl o&0d listen to meK

• or 8e 8ant someone to stop doing somet)ing 8)ic) annos &s>

If onl m m&m 8o&ldn0t p)one me ever five min&tes

*e &se 8is) if onl + past perfect to tal# abo&t t)ings 8)ic) 8e are &n)app abo&t 8)ic) )appened in t)e

past>

De 8is)es )e )ad st&died )arder 8)en )e 8as at sc)ool.ADe didn0t st&d )ard eno&g) - per)aps if )e )adst&died )arder )e 8o&ld )ave gone to &niversit.B

ote! ()is &se of 8is) If onl is similar to t)ird conditional, i.e. it &ses a past perfect tense to refer to

somet)ing 8)ic) is contrar to t)e facts in t)e past.

If onl means El 8is)E. *)en tal#ing abo&t ot)er people, 8e &se )e 8is)es, t)e 8is), etc. *e &se if onl 8)en

8e feel somet)ing ver strongl. t)er8ise 8e &se l 8is).

*e &se )ope 8)en 8e 8ant somet)ing to )appen or to be tr&e, and &s&all )ave a good reason to t)in# t)at it

mig)t>

I )ope o& )ave a good )olida.

/)e )opes )er st&dents 8ill get a )ig) grade in t)eir exams.

ote! *e &se )ope + presentf&t&re tense 8it) a f&t&re meaning, especiall 8)en t)e s&b=ect of t)e t8o cla&ses

is different, i.e. land o& in l )ope o& )ave a good )olida.

*e often &se )ope + infinitive 8)en t)ere is onl one

s&b=ect to t)e sentence>

De )opes to go into politics in t)e f&t&re. ADe )opes )e0ll go into politics in t)e f&t&re.B

*e can &se )ope 8)en 8e 8ant somet)ing to be tr&e abo&t t)e past, b&t 8e donEt #no8 if it is tr&e>

l )ope o& )ad a good flig)t. Ab&t l don0t #no8 if o& )ad a good flig)t.B

<ag 1

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


.- /a$sative ave and get

*e &se )aveget + somet)ing + done Acleaned fixed made, etc.B 8)en 8e as# someone else to do somet)ing

for &s>

I’ve just had my bike mended. 3i.e. "omeone has mended

my bike for me.4

•

get is less formal t)an )ave>

,y dad has just got some ne furniture delivered.

• it0s not &s&all necessar to sa 8)o did it for &s, b&t It is possible>

I’m going to have my hair dyed blonde this afternoon by my sister. 3i.e. ,y sister @s going to dye my hair for

me.4

• )aveget + somet)ing + done can be &sed Fn an tense or form>

I’m going to get my suit dry:cleaned for the edding.

• *e can also &se t)is str&ct&re to sa 8e )ave been t)e ictim of somet)ing>

Tim had his allet stolen hile he as aiting for the bus.

0.- e passive

()e passive is formed b t)e verb to be + past participle doneeatencleaned, etcB.

*e &se t)e passive 8)en>

• *)at )appens is more important t)an 8)o does it>

The car has been repaired+ so e can go aay this eekend.

• *e donEt #no8 8)o or 8)at doesdid somet)ing>

,y mobile phone has been stolen

•

8e donEt need to sa 8)o or 8)at doesdid somet)ing beca&se it0s obvio&s from t)e sit&ation or context>

The la as passed earlier this year 3obviously by a government4.

• *)en 8riting in an official stle>

our ticket has been booked and can be collected from our office.

<ag 1!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


!.1 t)e passive 8it) gets

• *e can &se get instead of be to form t)e passive, especiall 8)en 8e 8ant to sa t)at somet)ing

)appened to someone or somet)ing>

He got hurt playing football yesterday. 3He as hurt.4

I’m afraid e ere playing football and one of your indos got broken. 3*ne of your indos as broken.4

• get is &sed mainl in informal spo#en ;nglis).

• *e onl &se get 8)en somet)ing )appens or c)anges>

He got arrested by the police.

• it is not possible 8it) state verbs>

The car got oned by a film star. The car as oned by a film star.

<ag 2

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


!.2 t)e passive 8it) reporting verb

*e often &se t)e passive to report 8)at people sa, t)in#, etc, especiall 8)en 8e donEt #no8 8)o said it or

t)o&g)t it, or it0s not important>

<ag 21

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.- )eporter speec

1.1 (ense c)anges in reported speec)

1.2 &estion in reported speec)

<ag 22

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.3 General sc)eme

<resent simple past simple

<resent contin&o&s past contin&o&s

<resent perfect past perfect

<ast simple past perfect

*ill 8o&ld

an co&ld

a mig)t&st )ad to ALB

ALB@o not c)ange m&st to )ad to. If it is negative of if it is express ded&ction

ertainl <ossibilit

+ - + -resent &st an0t

o&ldn0t

a,mig)t,co&ld a not, mig)t not

ast &st )ave + <.< an0t )ave,co&ldn0t

)ave + <.<

a )ave,mig)t

)ave,co&ld )ave + <.<

a not, )ave, mig)t not

)ave+ <.<

<ag 23

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.3 <rono&n, ad=ective and adverb c)anges in reported speec)

1.4 imperatives in reported speec)

<ag 24

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.$ %eporting verbs

<ag 2$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 28/75<ag 2'

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


11.- a and tell

11.1 sa

*e &se sa 8it) to + no&n Asa to o&, sa to peterB.

11.2 (ell

*e &se tell + no&n Atell o&, tell peterB

12.- Used to, ,didn’t use to, be/get used to

12.1 Used to>

*e &se C$sed to0 to tal# abo&t t)ings t)at )appened in t)e past M actions or states M t)at no longer )appen no8.

A$sed to + infinitive56.

12.2 @idn0t &se to>

()e negative is Cdidn5t $se to0 and 9&estions are formed 8it) Cid o$ $se to 860

Adidn5t $se to + infinitive56.

13.3 beget &sed to

AGet &sed to + ing verbB

If o& are $sed to somet)ing, o& are acc&stomed to it M o& don0t find it &n&s&al. If o& get $sed to

somet)ing or o& are getting $sed to somet)ing o& are becoming acc&stomed to it M it 8as strange, no8 it0s

not so strange.

• I found "lovak food very strange at first but I’m used to it no.

• I’m getting used to driving on the right.

Jot) Cbe $sed to0 and Cget $sed to0 are follo8ed b a no&n Aor prono&nB or t)e ger&nd M t)e Cing 0 form of averb.

• I can’t get used to getting up so early. I’m tired all the time.

• He’s not used to the eather here yet. He’s finding it very cold.

C9e:get $sed to0 can be &sed 8it) past, present and f&t&re tenses.

• ou might find it strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.

• He asn’t used to the heat and he caught sunstroke.

<ag 27

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


13.-“The”

13.1 No& can0t &se t)e 8)en

• No& tal# abo&t t)ings in general

• Use pl&ral co&ntable no&ns Acats are great petsB.

• ?on co&ntable no&n AI love listening to m&sicB.

• Dave A)olidas, geograp), companies, lang&agesB

• <laces, location, street

• /port

13.2 8e &se t)e for

• "bbreviation At)e ;&, ()e &saB

• %eferring to t)ings t)at are &ni9&e Ain ot)er 8ords, onl one of t)em existsB>

#ricket is the most popular summer 6sport in ;ritain.the Aueen of England

The sea is too rough to "im in.

Is ,anchester Bnited the best football team in the Bk8

I’m orried about the future.

!hat time does the sun rise8

AJU(> see t)e notes on planets, mo&ntains,C par#s, etc. 8)ic) follo8B

• *)en it0s obvio&s 8)ic) one o& mean>

!e6re going to the pubC you can join us there later.

I’m taking the dog for a alk.

Ho many "tudents are there in the class8

!e are taking the exam in the summer.

• *)en 8e mean a partic&lar person or t)ing>

the actor ho played the villain

The big $uestion fitness experts are asking is

The director of the film Psycho as )lfred Hitchcock.

• ceans, seas and rivers>

the )tlantic the )egean the ,editerranean the Thames the 1hine

• <l&ral mo&ntain gro&ps, island gro&ps and co&ntries>

The )ndes the #anary Islands the =etherlands 6 the Philippines

• Dotels, inemas, t)eatres, m&se&ms>

The 1it0 the Daumont the Playhouse the =ational Dallery the Tate Dallery

<ag 2

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


14.- Countable and unountable nouns

ost no&ns are co&ntable, for example>

#ar bus train Tram

*e can tal# abo&t a car, cars and some cars.

J&t some no&ns are &nco&ntable, for example>

Petrol !ine -reedom "afety !ater 1ain

*e can0t sa> a petrol or petrols

J&t 8e can sa> some petrol

)emember tat tese common ;nglis no$ns are $nco$ntable!

furniture information eather advice hair progress nes

*e canEt sa> a good ne8s or a f&rnit&re

J&t 8e can sa> some good ne8s or some f&rnit&re

r 8e can refer to a sing&lar item b &sing 8ords s&c) as piece, slice, c&p, etc

" piece of good ne8s t)ree c&ps of 8ater

)emember tat $nco$ntable no$ns ta&e a sing$lar verb!

()e ne8s is good. ()e 8eat)er 8as a8f&l.

1!.-"uanti#iers

<$antifiers are 8ords li#e fe#, less, some, an, m$c and man!

()ere0s some tea left in t)e pot, and t)ere are some bisc&its in t)e pac#et.

()ere isn0t an tea left in t)e pot, and t)ere arenEt an bisc&its eit)er...

Is t)ere an tea left in t)e pot6 "re t)ere an bisc&its left in t)e-pac#et6

Is t)ere some tea left6 ADopef&ll expecting t)e ans8er esB

=ess, te least, little and m$c are onl &sed 8it) &nco&ntable no&ns>

()ere isn0t m&c) tea left. Jet)0s got less mone t)an Oane.

()ere0s ver little tea left. J&t @ave0s got t)e least mone of all.

>e#, fe#er, te fe#est and ?man are onl &sed 8it) pl&ral co&ntable no&ns>

()ere aren0t man bisc&its left. "lan0s got fe8er friends t)an /&e.

()ere are onl a fe8 bisc&its. J&t @ave0s got t)e fe8est friends of all.

<ag 2!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1$.- %a& and %ie -- 'hih is orret(

" common 9&estion 8eEve received is abo&t 8)en to &se PlalielaidlaingP. In t)is post 8e cover t)e

differences. Dope it )elps to ans8er o&r 9&estions.

=a Aprincipal parts> la, laid, laid, laingB means Pto p&tP or Pto place.P ()is verb re9&ires an ob=ect to

complete its meaning.

• In p)ase one, 8e 8ill la do8n t)e r&les for t)e contest.

• I laid t)e message rig)t on o&r des#.

• I )ad laid t8o ot)er notes t)ere esterda.

• IEve never been one for laing t)e blame on m s&bordinates. A<&tting t)e blame.B

• ()e material 8as laid in t)e box. A" passive constr&ction impling t)at someone laid t)e material in t)e

box.B

=ie Aprincipal parts> lie, la, lain, lingB means Pto recline, rest, or staP or Pto ta#e a position of rest.P It refers

to a person or t)ing as eit)er ass&ming or being in a reclining position. ()is verb cannot ta#e an ob=ect.

• ?o8 )e lies in bed most of t)e da.

• ()e =ob la before &s as 8e negotiated terms.

• &r proposal )as lain &nans8ered for t8o 8ee#s.

• No&r c&stomer records are ling on t)e salesmanEs des#.

;> In deciding 8)et)er to &se lie or la in a sentence, s&bstit&te t)e 8ord place, placed, or placing Aas

appropriateB for t)e 8ord in 9&estion. If t)e s&bstit&te fits, t)e corresponding form of la is correct. If it doesnEt,

&se t)e appropriate form of lie.

• I 8ill Alie or la6B do8n no8. ANo& co&ld not sa, PI 8ill place do8n no8.P ()erefore, 8rite PI 8ill lie

do8n no8.PB

• I Alaid or la6B t)e pad on )is des#. API placed t)e pad on )is des#P 8or#s. ()erefore, 8rite PI laid t)e

pad.PB

• I Alaid or la6B a8a#e man nig)ts. API placed a8a#eP doesnEt 8or#. *rite PI la a8a#e.PB

• ()ese files )ave Alaid or lain6B &nto&c)ed for some time. AP()ese files )ave placed &nto&c)edP doesnEt

8or#. *rite P()ese files )ave lain &nto&c)ed.PB

• De )as been Alaing or ling6B do8n on t)e =ob. APDe )as been placing do8n on t)e =obP doesnEt 8or#.

*rite PDe )as been ling do8n.PB

<ag 3

http://www.proofreadnow.com/blog/bid/81535/Lay-and-Lie-Which-is-correct

http://www.proofreadnow.com/blog/bid/81535/Lay-and-Lie-Which-is-correct

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


)oabular&

1.-@erb location #it sporting activities

Verb SportDoldorganisecompete inenterta#e part in " race a competitiona to&rnament a c)ampions)ip

@ota#e exercise

GoL Ooggingcclings#iings8imming8inds&rfing

<laLL :ootballgolfbas#etball

@oLLL /portsat)leticsgmnastics=&do8eig)tlifting

L for sports end in Ming are &s&all or often done o&tdoors

LLfor sports 8)ic) are considered games

LLLfor ot)er sports 8)ic) do not &se go or pla

2.-%cieve, carr o$t and devote

2.1 "c)ieve

/ignifica "lcanQar.

"c)ieve an aim, an ambition, an ob=ective, s&ccess

2.2 carr o&t

/ignifica c&mplir, realiQar, llevar a cabo.

arr o&t an improvement, an instr&ction, an order, researc), a test, a t)reat.

2.3 devote

/ignifica dedicarse, consagrarse.

@evote energ, one0s life, time

<ag 31

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


3.-"rrive, get and reac

arrive A+ atB verb to reac) a place, especiall at t)e end

of a =o&rne>

It 8as dar# b t)e time 8e arrived at t)e station.

No& arrive at a b&ilding or part of a b&ilding>

*e arrived at t)e t)eatre =&stas t)e pla 8as starting.

No& arrive in a to8n. cit or co&ntr>

*)en did o& arrive Fn 5ondon6

No& arrive )ome)ereIt)ere> *e arrived )ome esterda.

get A+ toB verb to reac) or arrive at a place>

lt o& get to t)e )otel before &s, =&st 8ait at reception.

No& get )ome)eret)ere>

*)at time does )e normal get )ome6

reac) verb to arrive at a place, especiall after spending

a long time or a lot of effort travelling>

*e finall reac)ed t)e )otel =&st after midnig)t.

It is not normall follo8ed b a preposition. lt is notnormall &sed 8it) )ere or t)ere.

4.- expressions for veicles/ail a s)ip

@rive a card

:lig)t a plane

(.-Ideomatic expressions"re partic&larl expression of a lang&age. /ome examples are>

%&bbed s)o&lders 8it) odearse con

Jeing t)ro8 in at t)e deep end e arro=aron a los leones.

:eeling a bit off-colo&r /entirse indisp&esto

Get to t)e bottom of it 5legar al final del as&nto

:eeling ver &nder t)e 8eat)er /entirse mal

(a#en abac# @esconcertado

<ag 32

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


*.-%void, prevent and protect. /ec& , control, &eep an ee on and

s$pervise.

revent verb to stop somet)ing from )appening or someone from doing somet)ing>

5abel o&r s&itcases to prevent conf&sion.

%void verb to sta a8a from someone or somet)ing>

*e left earl to avoid t)e traffic.

rotect verb to #eep someone or somet)ing sate from in=&r, damage or loss>

it0s important to protect o&r s#in from t)e )armf&l effects of t)e s&n.

/ec& verb to ma#e certain t)at somet)ing or someone is correct, safe or s&itable b examining it or t)em

9&ic#l>

No& s)o&ld al8as c)ec# o&r oil, 8ater and tres before ta#ing o&r car on a long trip. "fter I0d finis)ed t)e

exam, I c)ec#ed m ans8ers for mista#es.

$pervise verb to 8atc) a person or activit to ma#e certain t)at evert)ing is done correctl, safel, etc.>

()e U? is s&pervising t)e distrib&tion of aid b local agencies in t)e disaster area.

/ontrol verb to order, limit, instr&ctor r&le somet)ing. r someoneCs actions or be)avio&r>

lf o& can0t control o&r dog, p&t it on a leadK

()e temperat&re is controlled b a t)ermostat.

Aeep an ee on to 8atc) or loo# after somet)ing or someone>

*ill o& #eep o&r ee on m s&itcase 8)ile I go to get t)e tic#ets6

<ag 33

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7.-pace, place, room, area, location an sB$are

pace ;<(N <5"; no&n R or US an empt area 8)ic) is available to be &sed>

Is t)ere an space for m clot)es in t)at c&pboardE6

place "%;" no&n RS an area. to8n, b&ilding. etc>

Der garden 8as a cool, pleasant place to sit.

RUS a s&itable area, b&ilding, sit&ation or occasion>

Universit is a great place for ma#ing ne8 friends.

)oom /<"; no&n R or US t)e amo&nt of space t)at

someone or somet)ing needs>

()at sofa 8o&ld ta#e &p too m&c) room Fn t)e flat.

%rea <5"; no&n R or US a partic&lar part of a place.

piece of land or co&ntr>

"ll areas of t)e co&ntr 8ill )ave some rain tonig)t.

=ocation </I(I? no&n R or US /5IGD(5N :%"5

a place or position>

()e )otel is in a lovel location overboo#ing t)e la#e." map s)o8ing t)e location at t)e propert 8ill be sent

to o&.

B$are /D"<; no&n RS an area of approximatel s9&are-s)aped land in a cit or a to8n. ften incl&ding

t)e b&ildings t)at s&rro&nd it>

" band 8ere plaing in t)e to8n s9&are.

<ag 34

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


.-=oo&, see or #atc

<ag 3$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


0.-%cting, a$dience, performance, pla, p$blic, scene, spectator, stage

<ag 3'

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


1.-ta, spend, pass, ma&e, ca$se

<ag 37

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


11.-%lto$g, even to$g and despite of

<ag 3

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


12 >ce spea&ing vocab$lar

%greeing isagreeing Aeeping te

disc$ssion

moving

Involving

o$r partner

$ggesting

ideas:pec$lating

• ()at0s rig)t

• No&0re

rig)t

• Nes, andH

• I agree

• ()at0s tr&e

• ()at0s a

good idea

• /&re

•

Icompletel

agree 8it)

o&

• I t)in# so

too

• %ig)t

• f co&rse

• No& co&ld

be rig)t

• I0m not

s&re, I t)in#

• abe, b&t

• I don0t

reall agree

• ?o, b&t

• <ossibl

• ?o, I don0t

t)in# so

•

*ell, ot)ersmig)t sa

• "not)er

8a of

loo#ing at it

8o&ld be

• Nes, b&t

isn0t it

possible

t)at6

• J&t don0t

o& t)in#t)at

• I t)in# it

mig)t be

better to

• *)at abo&t

t)is

pict&re6

• 5et0s mo*e

on/ go on

to the ne+t

iture/se

ond

uestion

• /)all 8e

move on6• *) don0t

8e loo# at

• <er)aps 8e

s)o&ld loo#

at

• *)at do

o& t)in#6

• @o o&

agreeA8it)

meB6

• *)at abo&t

t)is

pict&re6

• I t)in#H

8)at abo&t

o&6

• *)0s t)at6

• Hdon0t o&

t)in#6

• *)at0s

o&r

opinion of6

• Do8 do

o& feel

abo&t6

• *)at areo&r vie8s

onH6

• @on0t o&

t)in# so6

• *o&ld o&

agree6

• *o&ld o&

go along

8it) t)at

• TTT,rig)

• <er)aps

• abe

• <eople mig)t

• I t)in#

• I believe

• *ell, in m

opinionH

• I fell

• I mean

•No& see

• ()e seem to

beH

• ()e co&ld beH

• It loo#s as ifH

• <robablH

• :or instancefor

exampleHs&c)

asH

• I s&pposeH

• ()e first pict&res)o8sH

• It0s

importantessenti

al toH

• It loo#s li#e

• I0d rat)er

• I prefer

• *)ereas

• In contrast

• *)ile

• I0d sa t)at

• It seems to me

t)at

• <er)aps 8e

s)o&ld

• Do8 abo&tH6

• :or one t)ing,

Afor anot)erHB

• ()e t)ing isH

• ()e problem is

t)atH

<ag 3!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


nglish-anish 0ords

;nglis) /panis)absence a&sencia

ac)ieve alcanQar

agreement ac&erdo

allegiance lealtad, fidelidad

anger ira, clera, f&riaanno molestar, enfadar

appearance apariencia

as 8ell tambien

as 8ll as asi como

a8ard premio

a8are consciente

a8#8ard torpe, desgarbado,embaraQoso.

bac#8ards )acia atrVs

balcon balcon

bargain ganga, negociar, regatear,trato beat do8n vencer

be)ind detrVs, por detrVs

being t)ro8n in at t)e deep

poner a alg&ien en &na sit&ation para la 9&e no estas

preparado. ;s algo asW como me arro=aron a los leones

belief creencia

bent torcido, doblado

bitter amargo

borro8ed prestado,tomar prestado

bo8ling alle bolera

bra sosten

bran salvado Ade trigo, avena o arroQB

brand marca

bric#s ladrillos

brief breve

b&ll toro

call of s&spender,cancelar, desconvocar

canoeing#aa#ing )acer canoa o #aa#

canons caXones

career t& carrera profesional

careta#er conser=e

carr o&t c&mplir, realiQar, llevar a cabocatc) &p alcanQar, pillar, ponerse al dWa

caves c&evas

c)allenge desafio, reto

c)allenging desafiante

c)ase persec&cin, perseg&ir, seg&ir

c)asing persig&iendo

c)atter c)arla

c)ores tareas

clot)ed vestida

coac) entrenadorf collectcollector recolectarrecolector

comedcomediant comediacomediante

comm&te conm&tar

comp&lsor obligatorio, forQoso

cons&ltcons&ltant cons&ltarcons&ltor

<ag 4

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 43/75<ag 41

;nglis) /panis)contestant conc&rsante

co&nter

mostrador, ventanilla, encimera,

arg&mentar,contrarestar, oponerse

co&ntrside campo,paisea=e

co&rt corte,trib&nal,corte=ar

c&re c&ra

c&stomar acost&mbradodaring atrevido

da8n amanecer

degree grado, licenciat&ra

delivering entrega

depend on depender de , confiar en

designdesigner diseXodiseXador

devote dedicar, consagrar

diagnose diagnosticar

dig into cavar en

disagreement desac&erdo

disappear desaparecer

disg&ises disfraces

dis)onest des)onesto

disli#e&nli#e

adversion, desagradar, no g&stardiferente,

distinto

dissatisfied&nsatisfied insatisfec)o,descontentoinsatisfec)o

diQQiness mareo

dress &p disfraQarse

dropping caida

d&ne d&na

ded teXidoearl races primeras carreras

encampment campamento

ens&re aseg&rar

errand recado, encargo

examination

examinar A)acer &n examen medico para ver

como estVB

ex)ilarating estim&lante

eesig)t vista

fading desvanecimiento

far more m&c)o mVsfeeling a bit off-colo&r sentirse indisp&esto

feeling sorr compadeciendose

feeling ver &nder t)e 8eat)er estar o sentirse enfermo

fell off ca

fetc) traer

fire8ood leXa

fl& gripe

forearm antebraQo

for8ards adelante

from time to time de veQ en c&ando

f&ll completamentegat)er ro&nd agr&par

gest&re gesto

get involve conseg&ir invol&car

get to t)e bottom of it llegar al fondo del as&nto

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


;nglis) /panis)girl abo&t to8n c)ica por la ci&dad

gorgeo&s maravilloso

grab agarrar, arrebatar, apropiarse,coger

grand magnifico

grocer tienda de comestibles

grocer list lista de la compra

)and to an bod entregar algo)andrails pasamanos

)arm daXo

)ead o&t 5ibre, abs&elto

)eal sanar

)elicopterc)opper )elicoptero

)i-tec) alta tecnologia

)o&se)old familiar, gente, domYstico, casa

)o&sing estate &rbaniQacion

)&g abraQo

)&ge enorme

I long for de da el an)eno del diaic )elado

idiomatic idiomaticoAconcreto de &n idiomaB

idiomatic expressions expresiones idiomaticas Apropias de ese idiomaB

immeas&rabl inconmes&rablemente

impatient impaciente

improvement me=ora

in a 8a de &na manera, de la forma

in time a tiempo

inabilitdisabilit incapacidaddiscapacidad

income s&eldo, ingresosinexperienced inexperto

informal informal

intonation entonacion

involve invol&clar, impliar, envolver,acarretar

isolate aislarse,separar, apartar

=&mbled embarr&llada

#neeling arrodillado

lac# of falta, carencia, escaceQ

land on aterriQar

la&nc)es presentacin, lanQamiento, estrenar

leant for8ard inclinado )acia delante

led t)em los llevo

leg room espacio para las piernas

lend prestar

lengt) of career aXos de experiencia66

let off de=ar salir

lie mentira

lift levantar, elevar

lips labios

ma#es)ift improvisado

marc) marc)amatc) cerilla, partido, combinar, ig&alar, enfrentarse

<ag 42

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


/panis) ;nglis)melt f&ndir, derretir

middle aged de mediana edad

mirror espe=o, refle=ar

misdiagnosed mal diagnosticados

misinform informal mal

mismatc)ed coinciden

misspell deletrear malmist niebla

mis&nderstand entender mal

mis&se mal &so

mold molde, moldear

motormotorist motormotorista

narro8l avoid evitar por poco

nearb cercano

nearb popping ap&nto de estallar

neig)bo&r)ood barrio

nerve-8rac#ing extresante, tenso, 9&e te pone nervioso

not)ing o&t of t)e ordinar nada f&era de lo comZnnovelnovelist novelanovelista

n&mb ent&mecimiento

on time a tiempo

o&tlet salida, escape, canal, tienda de desc&ento

o&t8eig)

sobrepeso, sobrepasarApor e=emplo las venta=as sobrepasan

las desventa=asB

oversimplif simplificar demasiado

pace el ritmo

parade desfile

parasailing paracaidas atado a &na barca pen&ltimate pen&ltimo

perform c&mplir, representar, llevar a cabo,realiQar

performance

representacion, act&acion, desempeXo,c&mplimiento,

rendimiento

performers artistas

performing act&ando

performing in plas act&ando en obras

poc#et mone paga semanal Adinero de bolsilloB

pond estan9&e, c)arca, vivero

povert pobreca, escased,carencia, necesidad

po8der polvos, espolvorear

practising doctors doctores en practica

prescribe preescribir

pric# pinc)aQo

p&ll o&t extraer

p&nis) castigar

p&rc)ase compra, ad9&isicin.

p&rs&e perseg&ir, seg&ir,prosegir,contin&ar

9&ite li#e 9&e se pareQca

raincoat impermeable, c)&vas9&ero

react reacionar ref&geref&gee ref&=ioref&giados

ref&se rec)aQar

regarded considerado

<ag 43

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


;nglis) /panis)remain permaneces, 9&edarse, contin&ar

rene8 renovar

researc)researc)er investigacioninvestigador

rope c&erda

ro&g) Vspero, irreg&lar

ro&g) cop copia en s&cio

ro&nded arc) arco de medio p&ntor&b frotar, restregar

r&bbed s)o&lders 8it) codearse con

r&bber ca&c)o, goma de borrer

r&bbing m ees frotarse los o=os

r&bbing t)e sleep from m ees 9&itarse las legaXas

r&n past pasar corriendo

r&s)ed acelerado, apres&rado

r&s)ed off t)eir feet

[darse prisa en )acer algo6, van volando a todos

sitios6

sac# saco

safe and so&nd sano salvosalar salario

salessalesmansales8omansalesperson vendervended\r

sample m&estra

sampling m&estreo

scenar escenario

scener paisa=es

score p&nt&acin, partit&ra

scratc) rasg&Xo, araXaQo, rascar, araXarse,rascarse,raar

screening proeccin

selfless desinteresadoset a record establecer &n record

s)a#ing sac&dida

s)elter ref&=io

s)o8 off pres&mir, )acer alarde de

s)&tters persianas

sic# note ba=a medica

sleeping bags sacos de dormir

slig)test menor

slig)tl ligeramente

smas)ing rompiendo

specialspecialist especialespecialista

spill o&t derramarse

spite ofdespite of a pesar de

spoils arr&inar, ec)ar a perder,malcriar,

spontaneo&s espontaneo

spot l&gar,manc)a,granito,sitio

stain manc)a

stare mirar fi=amente

starting off partiendo

steep empinado

step a)ead paso por delantesting picad&ra

stir removerA el cafY, &n te, la sopaHB

<ag 44

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


;nglis) /panis)stores plantas

streams riac)&elo, corriente

street performers artistas calle=eros

str&ggling l&c)ando

s&bscribe s&bscribirse, abonarse

s&ccess Yxito

s&c) as tal comos&dden repentino

s&it all tastes para todos los g&stos

s&nb&rnt bronceado

s&ndress vestido de verano

s&nset p&esta de sol, ocaso

s&rger cir&gia

s&rvives&rvivor sobrevivirs&perviviente

s&spicio&s s&spicaQ

s8ept barrio

s8&ng girada

ta#e a brea# )acer &n descansota#e off despegar, apartar,9&itarse

ta#e &p

darsele a &no por )acer algo, empeQar a )acer algo, &n

deporte, a est&diar &n n&evo idioma,re9&erir

ta#e o&r ees off 9&itar la vista

ta#en abac# desconcertado

tangled enredado

tanned bronceado, c&rtido

tear lagrima, rasgar,desgarrar, arrancar

tent tienda

t)reat amenaQat)&s asi

tie atar, amarrar

tied atado

tons montones

trade comercio

trapped atrapado

treat trato,tratar

treatment tratamiento, trato, c&ra

trembling temblor, estremecimiento

trop) trofeo

tr o&t pr&eba, probar, )acer &na pr&eba

t&rn a8a rec)aQar, despedir, no aceptar

t&rn do8n rec)aQar

t&rned to faced me se volvio a mi

t8ilig)t crep&sc&lo, ocaso

&nanno&nced an&nciado

&na8are insconciente

&ncertain incierto

&nderstand entender

&ndresses desvestirse

&neas in9&ieto&n)appiness infelicidad

&n)elpf&l poco &til

<ag 4$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


;nglis) /panis)&npredictable imprevisible

&nreliable poco fiable

&ntie desatar

&n8illing reacio

&p8ard )acia arriba

vaccination vac&nar

vantage venta=a

8al# off

ale=arse andando, ale=arse caminando,Ap&ede ser tambien

llevarse en el sentido de robarB

8ard sala, p&pilo, g&arda

8arn advertir, avisar, prevenir

8aving m arms agitar los braQos

8ee#l allo8ance paga semanal Adinero de bolsilloB

8)atever c&ar9&ier

8)enever siempre 9&e

8)erever donde sea

8)et)er si AcondicionalB

8)ile8)ereas mientras8ide-brimmed ala anc)a

8ill vol&ntad, deseo, estamento

8illing complaciente

8it)in dentro, dentro de

8ooden de madera

8or#o&t entrenamiento

8rin#led arr&gado

Qip cremallera, pasar volando

;dge Jorde, canto, las af&eras

/c)ed&led programada

*al#8as

<asarela peatonal, cinta transportadoraA como la de los

aerop&ertos, 9&e parece &na escalera mecVnicaB

%elief "livio,asistenciaAde socorrer a alg&ienB

@eliver entrega

o&ts#irts 5as af&eras, cercanias,alrededores

:oreigners ;xtran=ero

]ip 8ire tirolina

@iN s)op (iendas como lero merlWn, ba&)o&se

Dard8are store ferreterWa

@i DVgalo &sted mismo, bricola=e

<oc#et mone asignacin

*ee#l allo8ance "signacin Apaga semanalB

/mart-arsesmartarsesmartass /abelotodo,listillo,arrogante

*ise g& 5istillo, sabiondo

n t)e tip of m tong&e ;n la p&nta de la leng&a

om&nin com&nin

&n8ind rela=arse

Oigsa8 <&QQle, rompecabeQas

Great minds t)in# ali#e 5as grandes mentes piensan ig&al

" pain in t)e nec# ;s algo asW como &n grano en el c&lo

(o set someone &p to fail ;xiges demasiado )aces 9&e alg&ien fracase(o pace o&rselft " t& ritmo

<ag 4'

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


;nglis) /panis)Jland /aborWo

distracted @espistado

?&mb t)e pain [")ogar las penas6, aliviar del dolor, el dolor desaparece

<ag 47

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


hrasal *erbs

<r)asal verb @escription<&ll in Atraer, llamar la atenci+n

<ic# &p Recoger a alguien&t do8n AonB red&cir

<op into Pasar un segundo, echarse en cima

ome &p against Inventarse, elaborar, conseguir, vrselas con alguien

*ear o&t Agotar, cansar, fatigar

ater for Abastecer, roveer-

Dang aro&nd 8it) Pasar el rato con alguien

ome &p 8it) Prooner, sugerir

(a#e over Encargarse, .uedarse a cargo

Je &p to 'er caa/ de hacer algo

)ill o&t Rela"arse, calmarse

Dead o&t #ibre , absuelto

5et off De"ar salir

<&ll o&t E0traer

/)o8 off Presumir, hacer alarde de

/tart off Partir, eme/ar

/pill o&t Derramarse

(a#e off Desegar, aartar, .uitarse

(a#e &pDarsele a alguien or hacer algo, eme/ar a hacer algo,1un

deorte, a estudiar un nuevo idioma2

(r o&t Prueba, robar, hacer una rueba

(&rn a8a Recha/ar, desedir, no acetar

(&rn do8n Recha/ar

*al# off Ale"arse andando, ale"arse caminado 1uede ser tambin

llevarse en el sentido de robar2-

5ie a8a#ela a8a#e 3o oder dormir-

all off cancelar

<ag 4

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


hrasal *erbs nglish *ersion

<r)asal verb @escription<&ll in "ttract

<ic# &p ollect or to go and get someone or somet)ing

&t do8nAonB

@o less of somet)ing or &se somet)ing in smaller

amo&nts

<op into Go into a place or visit for a s)ort time

ome &p against Dave to deal 8it) a problem

*ear o&t a#e someone extremel tired

ater for

<rovide 8)at is 8anted or needed b someone or

somet)ing

Dang aro&nd 8it) /pend time 8it) someone

ome &p 8it) /&ggest or t)in# of an idea or plan

(a#e over (a#e control of occ&p

Je &p to Je doing somet)ing

)ill o&t %elax ompletelDead o&t 5eave, start a =o&rne

5et off (o allo8 to go 8it)o&t p&nis)ment

<&ll o&t extract, remove

/)o8 off be)ave boastf&ll

/pill o&t overflo8

/tart off Jegin, set off

(a#e off remove

(a#e &p /tart a )obb, a ne8 c)allenge

(r o&t /ample, experience, test

(&rn a8a %e=ect, ref&se, den

(&rn do8n @ecline, ref&se

*al# off Go a8a on foot

<ag 4!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


eriios & soluiones

<ag $

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 53/75<ag $1

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 57/75<ag $$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 58/75<ag $'

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 60/75<ag $

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 61/75<ag $!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 62/75<ag '

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 63/75<ag '1

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 67/75<ag '$

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 68/75<ag ''

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 70/75<ag '

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/teoria7-14 71/75<ag '!

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


Although, desite, in site of, however4 grammar e0ercise

/omplete te follo#ing sentences.

1. *e 8ent o&t HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e rain.

aB in spite of bB )o8ever cB alt)o&g)

2. *e 8ent o&t HHHHHHHHHH. it rained.

aB despite bB alt)o&g) cB )o8ever

3. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing HHHHHHHHH.. s)e 8as tired.

aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere

4. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e fact t)at s)e 8as tired.

aB despite bB )o8ever cB alt)o&g)

$. HHHHHHHH.. s)e is a nice girl, I don0t 9&ite li#e )er.

aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB )o8ever

'. HHHHHHHHH. expensive, it 8as a good 8atc).

aB )o8ever bB alt)o&g) cB despite

7. I didn0t li#e t)e film. HHHHHHHHHH., everbod else seemed to en=o it.

aB )o8ever bB despite cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere

. HHHHHHHHH. I didn0t li#e t)e film, everbod else seemed to en=o it.

aB alt)o&g) bB )o8ever cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere

!. *e managed to do it HHHHHHHHHHH.. )e 8asn0t t)ere.

aB )o8ever bB alt)o&g) cB eit)er co&ld be &sed )ere

1. *e managed to do it, HHHHHHHHHH.. t)e fact t)at )e 8as not t)ere.

aB alt)o&g) bB despite cB )o8ever

%ns#ers

1. *e 8ent o&t in spite of t)e rain.

2. *e 8ent o&t alto$g it rained.

3. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing alto$g s)e 8as tired.

4. /)e 8ent on 8or#ing despite t)e fact t)at s)e 8as tired.

$. %lto$g s)e is a nice girl, I don0t 9&ite li#e )er.

'. %lto$g expensive, it 8as a good 8atc).

<ag 7

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


7. I didn0t li#e t)e film, o#ever, everbod else seemed to en=o it.

. %lto$g I didn0t li#e t)e film, everbod else seemed to en=o it.

!. *e managed to do it alto$g )e 8asn0t t)ere.

1. *e managed to do it despite t)e fact t)at )e 8asn0t t)ere.

%ead more at )ttp>888.englis)practice.com9&iQspite-grammar-exercise^*vIat3*Qs_/b')r.!!

<ag 71

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


)oose C)o8ever0, Calt)o&g)0 or Cdespite0>

1.

TTTTTTTTTTT t)e rain, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.

2.

TTTTTTTTTTT it 8as raining, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.

3.

It 8as raining. TTTTTTTTTTT, 8e

still 8ent to t)e par#.

4.Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc), TTTTTTTTTTT t)e fact t)at it 8as expensive.

$.

Oo)n bo&g) t)e 8atc). TTTTTTTTTTT, it 8as expensive.

'.

TTTTTTTTTTT it 8as expensive, Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc).

7.

I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#. It, TTTTTTTTTTT, 8asn0t eas.

.

I fi

nis)ed t)e )ome8or#, TTTTTTTTTTT it 8asn0t eas.

!. TTTTTTTTTTT t)e fact t)at it 8asn0t eas, I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#.

1.

/)e 8ent for a long 8al#, TTTTTTTTTTT being cold.

11.

TTTTTTTTTTT s)e 8as cold, s)e 8ent for a long 8al#.

12.

/)e 8as cold. /)e 8ent for a long 8al#

, TTTTTTTTTTT.

13.

()e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation. TTTTTTTTTTT, t)e food 8as terrible.

14.

TTTTTTTTTTT t)e resta&rant0s good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.

1$.

TTTTTTTTTTT t)e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.

<ag 72

7/25/2019 Teoria7-14


5in#ing *ords ;xercise 1

"ns8ers>

1.

@espite t)e rain, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.

2.

"lt)o&g) it 8as raining, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.

3.

It 8as raining. Do8ever, 8e still 8ent to t)e par#.

4.Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc), despite t)e fact t)at it 8as expensive.

$.

Oo)n bo&g) t)e 8atc). Do8ever, it 8as expensive.

'.

"lt)o&g)

) it 8as expensive, Oo)n bo&g)t t)e 8atc).

7.

I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#. It, )o8ever, 8asn0t eas.

.

I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#, alt)o&g) it 8asn0t easK

!.@espite t)e fact t)at it 8asn0t eas, I finis)ed t)e )ome8or#.

1.

/)e 8ent for a long 8al#, despite being cold.

11.

"lt

"lt)o&g) s)e 8as cold, s)e 8ent for a long 8al#.

12.

/)e 8as cold. /)e 8ent for a long 8al#, )o8ever.

13.

()e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation. Do8ever, t)e food 8as terrible.

14.

@espite t)e resta&rant0s good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible.

1$.

"lt)o&g) t)e resta&rant )as a good rep&tation, t)e food 8as terrible

Teoria7-14

Documents

Transcript of Teoria7-14