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7/23/2019 Tintes Completo Molle.docx
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1.- INTRODUCCION.........................................................................................3
2.-JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN.......................................................5
3.- OBJETIVOS.................................................................................................5
4.- REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIA...........................................................................6
4.1.- DEFINICION DE TERMINOS BASICOS......................................................................6
4.2. MARCO CONEPTUAL....................................................................................................7
4.2.1 MARCO TEORICO.............................................................................7
4.2.2 REFERENCIAS HISTÓRICAS.............................................................8
4.2.3 LOS TINTES NATURALES..................................................................
4.2.4.- CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS COLORANTES NATURALES.....................11
4.2.5. FUENTES DE OBTENCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALES..............15
4.2.6 M!TODOS DE E"TRACCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALES............15
4.2.7. ESTRUCTURA #U$MICA DE UN COLORANTE..................................16
4.2.8. %LANTAS TINTÓREAS....................................................................18
4.2.. MORDIENTES................................................................................18
4.2..1.- MORDIENTES A TRAV!S DE LOS A&OS..................................1
4..2..2.- TI%OS DE MORDIENTES #U$MICOS'......................................2(
4.2.1(. LA %LANTA DE MOLLE )SCHINUS MOLLE.*..................................21
5.- DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO....................................................................26
5.1.- OBTENCION DEL TINTE DE MOLLE.......................................................................26
5.1.2.- %ROCEDIMIENTOS'......................................................................27
5.1.3.- FLUGOGRAMA O%ERACIONES......................................................28
5.2.- TEÑIDO CON EL TINTE DE MOLLE.........................................................................28
5.3.- EXPERIMENTACION..................................................................................................29
5.3.1.- ELABORACION DEL TINTE............................................................2
5.3.2.- %ROCESO DE TE&IDO DE LA %RENDA DE ALGODÓN..................32
5.3.3.- %RUEBAS DE RESISTENCIA DEL TINTE + TE&IDO........................37
5.1.3.1. %RUEBA DE LAVADO DE LA %RENDA......................................37
6.- COSTOS DE ELABORACION......................................................................41
7.- RESULTADOS........................................................................................... 41
8.- CONCLUCIONES.......................................................................................42
.- DISCUCIONES..........................................................................................42
1(.- RECOMENDACIONES.............................................................................43
11.- BIBLIOGRAFIA........................................................................................45
LINKORAFIA.....................................................................................................................46
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4.- REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIA
4.1.- DEFINICION DE TERMINOS BASICOS
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S%, &+ @' 1979 "<*&" ?% )"#" <*" /+"#" '* +"( )'&,#"#%(
",#,"( /%,% ( )'+'* ,"/*"+ %+ "+'#, +",)' ' &"**, +" +"," +",)"; )"<; *(
' ,%*" > +" (%#" ,"/*"+ /%,% , )'+'* )*%&'('. S, %&"*' %+ /%=/+ ,#!%," (%
,/*% #% &)'( '/*'( )'+'*%( "*" )',<%))',"* (( *%,#"(; %( '* %++' ?% ")#% "
+'( /,/%( ?% )&+%, +" <,), #% #"*+% ,' ' $"*'( )'+'*%( " +'( +'(; #<%*%,/%(
" (( )'+'*%( ,"/*"+%(.
E=(/%, #<%*%,/%( <'*&"( #% /%*. E, , )"(' %+ /,/% (% "+)" ('*% %+ &"/%*"+ %,
*%"; %( #%)* )",#' /'#"$!" ,' %(/: +"#'.
E+ )'&+%&%,/' #%+ &"/%*"+ /,/*%' %( %+ &'*#%,/%; ((/",)" ?% (% /+" "*"
?% %+ )'+'*",/% (% &*%,% %, %+ ,/%*'* #% +" <*" > (% <%; >" ?% %*&/% +"
<(, &'+%)+"* #% <*" > /,/%. E+ &'*#%,/% &:( )'&, #%(#% +" ')"
*%(:,)" %( %+ "+&*%; &,%*"+ ?% (% %,)%,/*" %, +" ,"/*"+%"; %*' (% (",
'/*'( )'&' +" ("+; %+ +&,; %+ $,"*% > ((/",)"( %(%)"+%( "*" #%/%*&,"#'(
/,/%(. A+,'( &"/%*"+%( )'&' %+ "+'#,; %, ')"(',%( (', /*"/"#'( )',
&'*#%,/%( ",/%( #% (%* /%#'( "*" ?% %+ )'+'* (% "#%*" &:( <:)+&%,/% " +"
<*".
L'( &"/%*"+%( /,/*%'( (', &> $"*"#'(. L'( #% '*%, ",/' (% #%,'&,",
)'+'*",/%( > &%,/'( " %++'( (% "*%", +"( ",+,"(; )'+'*",/%( &'#%*,'( #%
<"*)"), ,#(/*"+ ?% $", ((//>%,#' ')' " ')' +'( &"/%*"+%( /*"#)',"+%(.
4.2.3 LOS TINTES NATURALES
L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (', ((/",)"( '/%,#"( #% #<%*%,/%( "*/%( #% +",/"( )',
)"+#"#%( #% )'+'*%"* ' /%*; &%#",/% #<%*%,/%( *')%('( "*/%(","+%(. D%,/*' #%
%(/'( *')%('( %(/: +" &")%*"),; +" <%*&%,/"), > +" )')), M'*"+%( A; 22G.
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S%, "*"&++' @ 1988; +'( /,/%( (', ((/",)"( ?!&)"( ?% /%,%, +" *'%#"#
#% /*",(<%** )'+'* " +"( <*"(. L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( #%(%&%", "%+%( &>
#$%*('( %, +"( +",/"( ' ",&"+%( #% ?% *')%#%,.
E( &'*/",/% &%,)',"* ?% ,' (%&*% %=(/% ," )'**%(',#%,)" %,/*% %+ )'+'*
#% +" +",/" > %+ /,/% ?% (% '/%,% #% %++".
L" /+"), #% /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (% " ++%$"#' " )"' #%(#% %+ '&*% *%(/*)';
)', %+ '%/$' #% %&%++%)%* > "#'*,"* #<%*%,/%( "*/!)+'( #% (' )'**%,/%. P"*"
%++'; (% "*'$%) #% , *", ,&%*' #% +",/"( )', )"*")/%*!(/)"( /,/*%"(; #',#%
(% +%( %=/*"' (( *'%#"#%( #% /,), > "(! (% <%*', )*%",#' ,%$'( )'+'*%( >
"&%,/",#' ( )',')&%,/' %, %(/" )%,)". S",)% P; D(', A; 1984. S,
%&"*'; )', %+ "(' #% +'( "'( +" /*"#), ",)%(/*"+ #% /%* > )'+'*%"* (% "
#%+/"#'. N' (+' (% %(/: %*#%,#' %+ (' #% "+,'( *%)*('( ,"/*"+%( )', *'%#"#%( )'+'*",/%(; (,' /"&, +"( /),)"( ' *')%#&%,/'( #% /,),.
M'*"+%( A; 22.
L" #%(""*), #%+ )',')&%,/' #% +" %=/*")), #% /,/%( > %+ "*/% #% /%*;
%&% " "*/* #%+ (+' "("#'; )",#' +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( )%#%*', /%**%,' " +'(
(,//)'(; #%#' " ?% %(/'( +/&'( *'#)%, )'+'*%( &:( ++"&"/$'( > *++",/%(.
A+ <"*)"* ,%$'( &"/)%( (,//)"&%,/%; (% " %)' &:( )%,/!<)' %+ %(/#' #%
+"( &"/%*"( )'+'*",/%(; )',#)%,#' " , &%'* )',')&%,/' > /+"), #%
&)'( /,/%( > " +" (!,/%(( #% +'( &(&'(. P%*' %(/% #%("**'++'; "#%&:( #% ++%$"* "+
'+$#' +"( ",/"( /),)"( #% %=/*")),; ", )*%"#' *'+%&"( ",/%( ,' )',')#'(
'* %+ '&*% )'&' /'=)#"# > )',/"&,"), S",)% P; D(', A; 1984
A,/% %(/" (/"),; " ,")#' ," )*%)%,/% *%')"), '* *%(%*$"* +" %)'+'!"
%, ,%(/*' +",%/"; > +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( ", )'*"#' , *%,'$"#' ,/%*(. E(/';
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%+ *'+%&" #% +" )',/"&,"), )', %<+%,/%( /=)'( +'( )"+%( *'$%,%, #%+
*')%(' ,$'+)*"#' %, %+ /%#' #% <*"( /%=/+%( ONU 1999.
L'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( (', &%'*%( ?% +'( (,//)'( '*?% (&+%&%,/% ,' )',/%,%,
)'&',%,/%( ?!&)'( %*#)"+%( "*" +" ("+#. E, %(" &%##" (', *'#)/'(
(",'( > &:( )',<"+%( ?% +'( )'+'*",/%( #% (!,/%(( ?!&)".
L"( +",/"( )'+'*",/%( (% (", '* (+'( %, +"( "+/"( )+/*"( #% +" &",#"#;
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&%#),"+%( )'&' %+ !,#'; %+ &'++% ' +" *"/",". P'* %+ )',/*"*' "> )'+'*",/%(
(,//)'( &> %+*'('( "*" +" ("+# /",/' ?% (', *'#'( %, +'( "!(%( )',
+%(+"), "&%,/"+ > #% ("+# +)" &:( "$","#'( )'&' +" C'&,#"#
E*'%". M"**',% L
"*"&++'; @%*,:, 1988 )'&%,/" ," *", )",/#"# #% +",/"( #%+ )',/,%,/% (*$ "*" %=/*"%* ( &"/%*"+ )'+'*",/% +'( )"+%( <%*', $(/'('( > H+&'(. S
"+"&'( #% %(//)"; +'( )'+'*%( ,"/*"+%( /*",(&/%, %++%"; ,' (+' ++"&", +"
"/%,), #% +" $(/" '* ( *++'. L" ,"/*"+ "*&',!" #% (( )'&,")',%( +'( ")%
#% , "+/' $"+'* "*" %+ )',(&#'*. L'( )'+'*%( ,"/*"+%( (%&*% '<*%)%, &"/)%(
#% )',/*"(/% > "&"( #% /',"+#"#%( &'(+%( #% +'*"* )', )'+'*",/%( "*/<)"+%(.
4.2.4.- CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS COLORANTES NATURALES
U, )*/%*' /+ #% )+"(<)"), #% +'( )'+'*",/%( %( %, "(% " ( %(/*)/*"&'+%)+"*; ?% %*&/% "*"* )'&',%,/%( "<,%( %, )",/' " ( )'&'*/"&%,/'
> *'%#"#%( %,*)"(. C', +'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%( )'&%,"*%&'( '* %(/#"* "+
*' &:( ,&%*'('; )'&' %( %+ #% +'( )'+'*",/%( $%%/"+%(.
COLORANTES 'E%ETALES
L'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%( $%%/"+%( (% %#%, "*"* %, (%( <"&+"(; ?% (',
CarotenoideL'( )"*'/%,'#%( (', %(/*)/*"( ('*%,'#%(; *%(%,/%( %, )'+'*",/%( >
&%,/'( ,"/*"+%( %, +",/"( (%*'*%(; "+"(; ','( > ")/%*"(. L"
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","*","#' #% +" ","'*"G.
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$%%/"+%(; '*:,+'( %=)+($'( #% +"( +",/"( #',#% (% ++%$" " )"' +"
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%, ""; "+,'( )', ," %(/*)/*" #% +)(#'( ")"*%(G > '/*'( #%
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$%%/"/$'( #% )%*/"( <'**"%*"(. O/*' *' #% <+"$','#%( &'*/",/%( (',
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9 <+"$','#%( > ?%#", &:( '* #%,/<)"* > "(+"*.
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Tanni*o
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T'#'( +'( )"('( ",/%*'*%( (%*:, $(/'( ,%$"&%,/% %, +"( (%,/%( (%))',%(;
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4.2.5. FUENTES DE OBTENCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALESL"( <%,/%( ,"/*"+%( #% '/%,), #% )'+'*",/%(; (', *,)"+&%,/% +"( +",/"(
(%*'*%(; /"&, +"( "+"(; ','( > +!?%,%( %, %+ *%,' $%%/"+ > )%*/'( /'(
#% ,(%)/'( > "+,'( '*",(&'( &"*,'( ,$%*/%*"#'( #%,/*' #%+ *%,' ",&"+.
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%++" ,)+>%,#' " +'( ",&"+%( (%*'*%( )'&' %+ (%* &",'G; >" ?% "+,'(
%#%, ")/"* )'&' ,#'*%( "*" +" %*&,"), #% (%&++"( '*&',"( "*" %+)*%)&%,/'; ' )'&' ((/",)"( /=)"( "*" #%<%,(" ' "*" "* " +'( ,(%)/'( " +"(
<+'*%( "*" *%"+"* +" '+,"), ' )'&' <")/'* #% "/*")), %,/*% ,%*'( "*" +"
*%*'#)),; %/).
4.2.6 M#TODOS DE E$TRACCIÓN DE COLORANTES NATURALESC",#' (% " (%+%))',"#' ," <%,/% #% )'+'*",/% ,"/*"+; %+ (%,/% "(' %(
"(+"* %+ &(&' #%+ *%(/' #% +" %(/*)/*" #% +" +",/" ' ",&"+ ?% +' )',/%,%. A
%(/% *')%(' (% +' #%,'&," %=/*")),. E+ &/'#' " %&+%"* "*" %=/*"%* ,#%/%*&,"#' &%,/' ' )'+'*",/%; $" " %(/"* )',#)',"#' '* ," (%*% #% <")/'*%(
?% ")% ?% )"#" %=/*")), (%" , *')%(' "*/)+"* > %(%)!<)' "*" )"#"
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L' ?% (! (% %#% %(/"+%)%* #% %,/*"#"; %( ?% "+,'( &/'#'( #% %=/*")),
*%(+/", (&+%( )', , *'#)/' )"( *' )'&' %( %+ )"(' #% +" %=/*")), #%+
&%,/' ",/')",," #%+ *%'++' &'*"#'; &%,/*"( ?% '/*'( *%(+/", &:(
)'&+%'(; #',#% %+ *'#)/' " %=/*"%* ""*%)% &%)+"#' )', '/*"( ((/",)"(; +'?% '+" " *%"+"* +" %=/*")), %, $"*"( %/""( )', *')%('( #% (%"*")',%(
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4.2.7. ESTRUCTURA %U&MICA DE UN COLORANTE
U," *%<+%=, ''*/," +%' #% +' $(/' "(/" %+ &'&%,/'; (%*!" *%,/"*(% '*?%
"+,"( ((/",)"( )'+'*%", > '/*"( ,'; ' #)' #% '/*" &",%*"; ?% %( +' ?% ")%
?% ," ((/",)" (%" )'+'*",/%. L" *%(%(/" %( (&+%.
U," ((/",)" )'+'*",/% /%,% '* +' &%,'( #'( *'( *%(%,/%( %, ( &'+)+" %+
*' )*'&<'*' > %+ *' "=')*'&'.
A+ )'&%(/' ?% )',/%,% , *' )*'&<'*' (% +' #%,'&," )*'&%,'.
%RUPO CROM&ORO
A+,'( *'( #% :/'&'( ?% *%(%,/", ,' ' &:( %,+")%( ,("/*"#'( > ?% (
*%(%,)" %( +" *%(',("+% #% %,%*"* )'+'* "+ )'&%(/' (% +'( #%,'&,"
)*'&<'*'(.A+,'( %%&+'( #% +'( *'( )*'&<'*'( &:( &'*/",/%(; (',
F*" 4.2.7.1 E(/*)/*" ?!&)" #% , )'+'*",/%
F%,/% ///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&
%RUPO AU-OCROMO
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S% #%,'&," "(! " "?%++'( *'( #% :/'&'( )', )"*" '(/$"; ?% /%,%, +"
*'%#"# #% ,/%,(<)"* +" ")), #% , *' )*'&<'*' #%,/*' #% +" &(&"
&'+)+" #% ," ((/",)".
E+ *' )*'&<'*' '/'*" )'+'* > %+ "=')*'&' +' ,/%,(<)".
E+ *' "=')*'&' ('+' ,' %,%*" )'+'*.
E+ &%)",(&' ?!&)' ?% /%,% +"* %( %+ (%,/%
E+ *' "=')*'&' %(/" )'&%(/' '* :/'&'( ' *"#)"+%( +*%( )', )"*" '(/$"
?% ")% #%(+""* +'( )'( #% "('*), #% + #% +'( *'( ,("/*"#'(
)*'&<'*'(G ")" +',/#%( #% ',#" +"*" "#%&:( #% "&%,/"* (( ,/%,(#"#%(.
E%&+' #% %++' (', +'( *'( #"',' ?% (', *'( )*'&<'*'( <%*/%(; #',#%
N %( %+ "=')*'&' #%+ , #"',' > R %#% (%* , ((//>%,/% '*:,)'
)"+?%*".
F*" 4.2.7.2 *' A=')*'&'
F%,/% ///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&
A+,'( %%&+'( #% "=')*'&'( (',
*'( :)#'( )'&' %+ ")%/+' COO@G; #*'=+' O@G; (+<',+' SO3@G.
*'( :()'( )'&' "&,' N@2G; > "&,' &',' ((//#' N@RG.
COMPUESTOS CROM%ENOS
C'&' (%"+"&'( ",/%*'*&%,/%; "+ )'&%(/' ?% )',/%,%, *'( )*'&<'*'( (%
+% #%,'&," )*'&%,'; ?% %/&'+)"&%,/% (,<)" %,%*"#'* #%+ )'+'*.
D%% /%,%*(% %, )%,/" ?% %+ )*'&%,' ,' %( , *' ' *"#)"+ "/&)' (,' %+
,'&*% %,*)' #% +'( )'&%(/'( ' ((/",)"( ?% )',/%,%, )*'&<'*'(.
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4.2.. PLANTAS TINTÓREAS
S% )',(#%*", +",/"( /,/*%"(; /'#"( "?%++"( %(%)%( ?% )',/%,%, "+,"(
)',)%,/*")',%( #% )'+'*",/% %, #<%*%,/%( *",'(; )'&' *"!)%(; /"++'(; '"(; <+'*%(
> (%&++"( IC; P%* 199. E(/'( )'+'*",/%( (', *'#)#'( #*%)/"&%,/% '* +"
")/$#"# <('+)" #% +"( +",/"(. S% "++", %, &">'* )',)%,/*"), %, +"(
$")'+"( #% +"( )++"( $%%/"+%(; #',#% (% "(')", )', '/*'( %+%&%,/'( )'&'")%/%(; *%(,"(; /",,'( )', )"*:)/%* "(/*,%,/% > '/*'( S",)% P; D(', A.1984.
4.2.!. MORDIENTES
L" "+"*" &'*#%,/% $%,% #%+ L"/!, mordere, ?% (,<)" H&'*#%*; "*%("*;
""**"* D'*'%",, M; 1965. E+ /*&,' &'*#%,/% %( "+)"#' " )"+?%*
((/",)" #% '*%, ,"/*"+ ' (,//)' ?% (*$% "*" <"* %+ )'+'*",/% %, +" <*".
A,/"&%,/% (% %&+%"", *'#)/'( ,"/*"+%( )'&' )%,"(; '"( #% "")"/%;
)'*/%" #% ,'"+ > "&)+. @'> %, #!"; %+ %&+%' #% &'*#%,/%( %( #% '*%,?!&)'; +" &">'*!" (', ("+%( &%/:+)"( )'&' "+&,'; )'*% > %(/"'; +"( )"+%(
(% #(%+$%, %, "" )"+%,/% (%"*",#' %+ &%/"+ #% +" ("+ "*" '(/%*'*&%,/% ,*(%
" +" <*" "*" <"* %+ /,/% D'*'%",, M; 1965.
S%, C*"#' A +'( &'*#%,/%( (', (&+%( ("+%( &%/:+)"( ?% ">#", " +"* +'(
/,/%( " +"( <*"(. D)"( ("+%( (% <", %, +" <*"; > +'( /,/%( (% <", %, +"( ("+%(
&%/:+)"(. E+ &'*#%,/% :()"&%,/% ")% /*%( )'("(
A>#" " ?% +'( /,/%( (% <%, %, +" <*".
A<%)/" %+ )'+'* *'#)#' '* +'( /,/%(; %, '/*"( "+"*"( +' ,/%,(<)", ' +' ")%
&:( /%,%.
A)/" "*" &",/%,%* +'( )'+'*%( %(/"+%( %, *%(%,)" #% +" +.
L'( /,/'*%*'( ", /+"#' +'( &'*#%,/%( '* &+%( #% "'(; > %=(/% ," %,"
*", "*" %++'; )%*/'( &'*#%,/%( %,%*"+&%,/% (% /+", )', )%*/'( /,/%(. U,"
$% ?% (% %,/%,#% ):+%( (', +'( <,#"&%,/'( #% '* ? (% /+" , )%*/'
&'*#%,/% ' ">#",/% %, , /,/% "*/)+"*; >" ,' %( ,%)%("*' (%* *%)%/"(; (,'
?% (% %#%, /+"* #<%*%,/%( &'*#%,/%( "*" #%("**'++"* +'( )'+'*%( ?% (%
#%(%",. P"*" +'*"* /"+ '%/$'; %( ,%)%("*' /+"* , &'*#%,/% %(%)!<)' %,
%?%"( )",/#"#%(; > +%' (%* "#)',",#' &:( )",/#"#%( #% &'*#%,/%(
"(/" '/%,%* %+ )'+'* ?% (% #%(%". C*"#' A
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4.2.9.1.- MORDIENTES A TRAVÉS DE LOS AÑOS
L" "+"*" &'*#%,/% $%,% #%+ +"/!, &'*#%*; "("#" %, +" )*%%,)" #% ?% "+,"(
((/",)"( &'*#!", +" <*" "*" ")%*+" *%)* &%'* %+ /,/%. S', ("+%( &,%*"+%( '
&%/:+)"(; ('++%( %, ""; ?% )",#' (% ""#%, "+ "' #% /,/*" %,+"",;
,/%,(<)", ' )"&", %+ )'+'* #%+ "' #% /,/*" > ")%, ?% %+ )'+'* (%" &:(
<%*/% " +" +; "+ +"$"#' > "+ *')%. E,/*% +"( )'&,#"#%( ,#!%,"( ",#,"(; <%*',/*"""#'( +'( &'*#%,/%( ,"/*"+%(; /+"*', %+ /*&,' H%,%"* ?% %*" +" ")),
#% "+)"* %+ &'*#%,/% " +'( +'( > /%#'(; ",/%( #% *%)* %+ "' #% /,/*". L'(
&'*#%,/%( > +'( /,/%( ,"/*"+%( ", %(/"#' %(/*%)"&%,/% ,#'( )', %+
#%()*&%,/' #% +"( ("+%( #% "+&*% %, +"( +",/"(; %( %+ )"(' #% +'( +!?%,%( >
+'( &('(; #% +"( ("+%( #% %**' %,)',/*"#"( %, "**'( > %, +"( *"!)%( )'&' %, +"
+%," #% $")" R&%=; %+ '&*% *%"* (( +'(. A &%##" ?% (% <%*', (",#'
%(/"( +",/"( )'&' /,/%(; (% %,)',/* ?% /%,!", *'%#"#%( ?% ")!", %*&",%,/%%+ )'+'* > (% <%*', ""#%,#' " '/*'( /,/%( '* (( %,"( )"+#"#%(. T'#' %(/' (%
")" (, )',')%* +"( *'%#"#%( ?!&)"(; ("+%( #% "+&*% ' #% %**' ?%
)',/%,!", "+,"( +",/"(. D'*'%",, M 1965G.
M)'( %+'( ,#!%,"( #% A&*)" /"&, )%*', (' #% #<%*%,/%( ((/",)"(
)'&' &'*#%,/%(. L"( &%*%( HN"$"'; /*"#)',"+&%,/% "*" &'*#%,/"* ("",
"" &%)+"#" )', +"( )%,"( *'$%,%,/%( #% +" )'&(/, #% +"( *"&"( #% ,
:*'+ ++"&"#' H%,%*,". E, A&*)" #%+ S*; ")!", (' #% +"( )%,"( #% &"#%*")'&' &'*#%,/%(. L'( HO"> /+"", )"+?%* &"/%*"+ ?% (% +%( ')**!"
)'&' &'*#%,/%(; '* %%&+' )%,"( #% &"#%*"; "" )', ("**'; "*)++"( +')"+%(; >
'+$' #% *')"( /*/*"#"(. E, B"+; +"( '"( #% +"( "+&"( #% )')' ?%&"#"( >
&%)+"#"( )', ""; /"&, (% /+"", )'&' &'*#%,/%(. E, &)"( )+/*"(
#<%*%,/%( , &'*#%,/% ?% /+"", )'&,&%,/% %*" +" &%)+" #% %=)*%&%,/' #%
'$%" )', "" D'*'%",, M 1965G.
A#%&:( #% +'( &'*#%,/%( ",/%*'*&%,/% &%,)',"#'(; (/*)"&%,/% +'( /,/'*%*'(
&)"( $%)%( %&+%"*', )"+#%*'( #% &%/"+; +'( )"+%( ")/"", )'&' &'*#%,/%( "
+" '*" #% +" /,),. A+,'( #% +'( &:( /*"#)',"+%( /,/'*%*'( '*%,/"+%( ("",
)"+#%*'( #% "+&,'; %**'; )'*% > %(/"'. S, %&"*'; %(/% &/'#' /+"*
)"+#%*'( )'&' &'*#%,/%(G /%,% %+ *'+%&" ?% +" )",/#"# #% ("+%( #%+ &%/"+ #%+
)"+#%*' ?% (% +%*" ,' %#% (%* )',/*'+"#"; '* +' /",/' ,' (% /%,% ,"
,<'*&#"# %, +'( )'+'*%( ?% (% '/%,%, , ?% (% #%(%",. A,?% %+ /+"* +'(
)"+#%*'( #% &%/"+ )'&' &'*#%,/%( /%,% +" $%,/"" #% ?% (', (%*'( "*" %+
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/,/'*%*'; >" ?% &)"( ("+%( &%/:+)"( *"( (', &> /=)"(; )'&' '* %%&+'
+" ("+ #% )'*% D'*'%",, M 1965G.
4..2.9.2.- TIPOS DE MORDIENTES QUÍMICOS:
Aluminio (Sulfato de aluminio . /otaio): %( , &,%*"+ +",)' #%'(/"#'
%, %+ <',#' #% &)'( /'( #% <'*&")',%( *')'("(; %, #<%*%,/%( "*/%( #%+
&,#'. E( %+ &'*#%,/% ?% &:( <*%)%,/%&%,/% (% (" '* +'( /,/'*%*'(
,"/*"+%(. N' %( /=)' *%+"/$"&%,/%; %*' %( &> "(/*,%,/% > %#% (%)"*
+" %+ D'*'%",, M 1965G. E(/% &'*#%,/% %( #% &%#"," *%((/%,)" " +"
+ > (% (" )"( (%&*% %, )'&,"), )', +" )*%&" #% /:*/"*' R'?%*' >C*#'"; 1981G.
Cromo (Di*romato de /otaio): %( , ?!&)' #% )'+'* ,"*"," )+"*'; %+
)"+ %( &> (%,(+% " +" + > '* +' /",/' %( ,%)%("*' "+&")%,"*+' %,
+"*%( '()*'( > &",/%,%*+' /""#'. E( ," ((/",)" &> ):(/)" >
$%,%,'(" %, /'#"( (( <'*&"( %, '+$'; %, ('+), +!?#" ' %, &'G; ,'
(% %#% /+"* %, )',,/' )', '/*'( &'*#%,/%(. E+ )*'&' (% /+" %,
%?%"( )",/#"#%( "*" '/%,%* ( %<%)/' > '* %(' ,' (% /+" &)' %,
+" ")/$#"# /,/*%"; #%#' " ?% %( &> #<!)+ &",%"* #)"( )",/#"#%(.
E(/% &'*#%,/% %( &:( %<%)/$' )",#' (% (" #%(( #%+ /%#'; #%#' "
?% (% #(&,>% %+ /%&' %, ?% %+ )*'&' %(/"*: %=%(/' " +" +
D'*'%",, M 1965G. Co0re (Sulfato de *o0re): /"&, (% +% )',')% )'&' $/*'+' "+. E( ,
?!&)' &> $%,%,'('. E+ )'*% %,%*"+&%,/% /%,% , %<%)/' $%*#% )+"*'
)",#' (% %(/: /+",#' %, +" /,),. E+ )'*% %#% (%* /+"#' (+'
)'&' &'*#%,/%; ' %#% (%* ""##' )'&' '( &'*#%,/% "*" '()*%)%* +'()'+'*%(; ' )',$%*/* , "&"*++' ' , "&"*++' $%*#% " , $%*#% &:(
#%<,#' D'*'%",, M 1965G. 1ierro (Sulfato ferroo): (% +% )',')% /"&, )'&' $/*'+' $%*#%; > (
%<%)/' %( '()*%)%* +'( )'+'*%(. %,%*"+&%,/% %+ %**' (% ("; )",#' "+
<,"+ #% ," /,), ('*" /,/% "+ )"+ (% +% #%(%" )"&"* %+ /','. S% #%%,
")%* *%"( %, +"( <*"( " /%*; >" ?% %, <*"( <,"( %#% )"("* #"'(
D'*'%",, M 1965G.
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Tanino (!*ido t2ni*o): %( ," ((/",)" ,"/*"+ %,)',/*"#" %, +" )'*/%" #%
+'( :*'+%(; %, +"( ""++"( #%+ *'+%; %, +"( '"( #% /; > %, '/*"( "*/%( #% +"
+",/". E+ :)#' /:,)' %,%*"+&%,/% %( ("#' )'&' , "((/%,/% #%+
"+&,'. S, %&"*' %#% (%* /+"#' (+' )'&' &'*#%,/%; ")%,#'
?% +'( )'+'*%( (%", &:( '()*'( D'*'%",, M 1965G.
Eta3o (Cloruro eta3oo): %(/" ((/",)" %( /+"#" %, %?%"()",/#"#%(; #%#' " ?% %#% )"("* #"'( " +" <*". L" &%'* <'*&" "*"
/+"* %+ %(/"' %( )'&' '( &'*#%,/%; )', %+ <, #% ")+"*"* +'( )'+'*%(
D'*'%",, M 1965G. E(/% &'*#%,/% *'#)% +'( )'+'*%( &:( *++",/%(
?% '/*'( &'*#%,/%( #% )"*:)/%* "+)"+,'. SAL DE MESA (Cloruro de Sodio)
L" ("+ %#% /+"*(% %, +" ('+), #%+ /,/% %, %+ &'&%,/' #%+ /%#'.
S*$% "*" *%<'*"* %+ %<%)/' #%+ &'*#%,/% "*%:,#'+" #*",/% %+ /,/*"#' >
"(! <"* %+ )'+'*; "),#'+' &:( "*%'.
4.2.1". LA PLANTA DE MOLLE 'SCHINUS MOLLE.(
Nombre común:
P*+; *; :*'+ #%+ P%* &'++%; )>"(; "*"> ">&"*"; &%++%; <"+(' &%,/';
&%,/' &++! ""*">; :*'+ #% +" &%,/"; "+%"> &%,/%*'.
Etimología:
S),( %( %+ ,'&*% +"/,'; #% '*%, *%' "*" #%(,"* "+ +%,/()' <% "+)"#'
"+ &%,/%*' <"+('; '*?% *'#)% ," *%(," '+'*'(" &> (&+"* " +" #%+ +%,/()'.
M'++% <% , ",/' ,'&*% %,*)' "*" %(/" +",/"; /+"#' '* T'*,%<'*/; >
#%*$" #%+ ,'&*% ?%)" &++; ,' #%+ +"/!, &'++% <+''G
Historia distribución y habitad:
E+ &'++% %( , :*'+ '*,"*' #%+ P%* > %=/%,##' " /'#" %+ :*%" ",#," #*",/% %+
%*!'#' *%-(:,)' E)"#'* " C+% > B'+$"G. D%(( #% +" C',?(/"; <%
++%$"#' '* +'( %("'+%( " C%,/*'"&*)" > " M=)'; #',#% *%); '* %('; %+
,'&*% #% 0P%*0 ' #% 0V*'+ #%+ P%*0. P'(/%*'*&%,/%; " <,%( #%+ (+' XJIII; (%
,/*'#' %, C"+<'*,"; " "*/* #% +" M(, #% S", L( R%> %, S", D%'. P"*%)%
?%; (&+/:,%"&%,/%; ++% " E*'"; >" ?% $"*'( '/:,)'( #% %(% (+' +'
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&%,)',", %, E("". E, +" ")/"+#"#; %=(/% %, /'#' %+ /*)' > ( (' %(
&%,)',"#' %, %+ M%#/%**:,%'; %, V<*)" > %, +" I,#".
S #(/*), "+//#,"+ $"*!" #% " 38 &(,&. T%,% *", )"")#"# #% *%*'/%;
*'*%(" %, /%**%,'( (%)'( > *')'('( *")"( " (( *"!)%( %, #%("**'++"#"(; +"( ?%
%#%, ++%"* "(/" 2 " 3 & #% *'<,##"# "*" ()"* "". R%?%*%, (%+'("*)++'('( ' "*%,'('(; %( %=%,/% %, +; +%*"&%,/% *%((/%,/% " +"( %+"#"(;
*%((/%,/% " +"( /%*&/"( > " +" (%?!".
Taxonomía:
T"+" 1 C+"(<)"), )%,/!<)" #%+ &'++%
F%,/% MOLLE. //%(.Q#".'*Q(),(-&'++%
De*ri/*i4n:
E( , :*'+ #% )*%)&%,/' *:#'; &#% #% 1 " 15 & #% "+/*"; *'$(/' #%
Tron*o %,%*"+&%,/% *'(/'; &> *"&<)"#'; +"( *"&"( > *"&++"( )'+",/%(; )',
%()"('( > %?%'( %+'( ?% (% %*#%, )', +" %#"#.
1o5a: A+/%*,"(; *%+"*&%,/% &"*,,"#"( %( #%)* '"( )'&%(/"( '*
,&%*'('( <'+'+'( " "&'( +"#'( #%+ *"?( > (/% *%&"/"#' '* , <'+'+'G; #% 1 "
3 )& #% +"*'; ('*% %)'+'( #% 2 " 6 )& #% +"*'; %+ *"?( +%*"&%,/% "+"#'; +'(
<'+'+'( 21 " 27 %, )"#" '"; (', ((+%(; > '* ( )"), '%(/'(; ' "+/%*,'(; (
<'*&" $" #% +,%"* " +",)%'+"#"; > ( /"&"' #% 2.5 " 6 )& #% +"*' > #% .3 " 1 )&
#% ",)'; ( :)% $" #% "#' " ")&,"#' > ("+&%,/% %(/: )*$"#' %, %+
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%=/*%&'; %+ &"*%, %( %,/%*' ' "+' "(%**"#'; ( /%=/*" %( &%&*",:)%" "
+%*"&%,/% )'*:)%"; *%(%,/", %+'( %?%'( > %()"('(; > "#%&:( '(%%,
",#",/% *%(," "*'&:/)".
Inflore*en*ia: P",)+"#"; (', "=+"*%( ",?% " $%)%( #", +" ""*%,)" #%
/%*&,"+%(; #% 8 " 15 *"*"&%,/% 2G )& #% +"*'; )', %()"('( > %?%'( %+'( +"( *:)/%"( (', #%+/'#%(; )', %+'( %, %+ #'*(' > %, %+ &"*%, +'( %#)%+'( #% ,'( 2
&& #% +"*'; *%(%,/", %()"('( %+'(.
&lore: P%?%"(; )', (&%/*!" *"#"+; #% )'+'* "&"*++'-$%*#'(' " +",?%),"(;
,(%="+%( ):+ %, <'*&" #% )'"; )', 5 ++'( '$"#'( " (%&)*)+"*%(; #% ,'(
.5 && #% +"*'; )', %+'( %, %+ &"*%, /"+'( 5; ,(%*/'( %, +" "(% #% , #()'
",+"*; %+!/)'( " '+','(; #% ,'( 2 && #% +"*' %(/"&*%( 1 #(%(/'( %, #'(
(%*%(; ,(%*/'( %, %+ #()'; )', <+"&%,/'( <,'( #% #<%*%,/% +',/#; #% *"*"&%,/%.8G 1 " 1.5 *"*"&%,/% 2G && #% +"*'; ",/%*"( '+',"(; #% ,'( .8 && #% +"*'
'$"*' (%*'; /*)"*%+"*; /*+')+"* %*' )', ," ('+" )"$#"# <*/+ > +"( '/*"( 2
)"$#"#%( %=/*%&"#"&%,/% *%#)#"( #% &",%*" ?% ""*%)% )'&' ,+')+"*; )',
, $+' )'+",/%; +'( %(/+'( (', 3; )'*/'( > *%('(; %(/&"( )"/"#'(.
&ruto . emilla: F*/' %, <'*&" #% #*" #% )'+'* *'(" **,"; #% 4-6 && #%
#:&%/*' %?%'; )"*,'(' #*",/% ( #%("**'++'; (%)' %, +" &"#*%; +''('; #%
"+*%#%#'* #% 4-6 && #% #:&%/*'; )', ," ('+" (%&++". E+ <*/' %( )",/%.
Semilla (', #% )'+'* ,%*"(; *'("(; *%#',#%"#"(; #% 3-5 && #% #:&%/*'.
Com/oi*i4n 6umi*a:
1o5a: C',/%,%, <+"$','#%( ?%*)%/,"; */,"; ?%*)/*," % ('?%*)/*,"G;
&%,/'( ",/')",!#)'(; /*/%*%,'(; W-(/'(/%*'+; /",,'(; :)#' :+)'; :)#'
*'/')"/?)'; +)'("; <*)/'(" > ")%/% %(%,)"+ ;5G. A#%&:( +'( :)#'(
+,'+,)'; +,'+%)'; +,')*)' > %(/%:*)' *%(%,/% /"&, %, )'*/%" >
(%&++"(G.
&ruto: S% ", "(+"#' ")%/%( %(%,)"+%( 2;4G )',/%,%,#' -%*"&',/*",(%,';
'*',%,'; > Y- )"#,%,'; > Z-)"+")'*%,'; )"+"&%,%,'; )",<%,'; )"*$")*'+; W-
)"*'<+%,'; Z-)'"%,'; )*'%"),"; Z-)%%,'; p-)&%,'; /*"/' #% %*",'+;
%=",'"/' #% ,%*'+; > W-<%+",#*%,'; > W-,%,'; /%*,%'+; Z-/%*,%,'; > Z-
&*'+%,'; %/). A#%&:( )",#,"-3-"+")/(#'; )",#,"-3-*/,(#' >
%',#,"-3-+)(#'.
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Pro/iedade medi*inale:
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5.- DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO
5.1.- OBTENCION DEL TINTE DE MOLLE M"/%*"+%(
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;, de al
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5.1.3.- FLUGOGRAMA OPERACIONES
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5.2.- TE*IDO CON EL TINTE DE MOLLE
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5.3.- E$PERIMENTACION
5.3.1.- ELABORACION DEL TINTE
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F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"
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5.3.2.- PROCESO DE TE*IDO DE LA PRENDA DE ALGODÓNPRIMERA PRENDA:
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F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"
5.3.3.- PRUEBAS DE RESISTENCIA DEL TINTE + TE*IDO
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&i,ura"7: La+ado de la /rimera /renda
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6.- COSTOS DE ELABORACION COSTOS DE PRODUCCIN PARA 3 LITROS DE TINTE
M"/%*" *&"_____________________ S.2. E,%*!" +%"G____________________.... S. 2. 1 +&',%(_____._________________ S. 1.
S"+___________________.______ S. .5 2 *. D% #%/%*%,/%_____________..____. S. .3 E,$"(%(_______________________.. S. 6.
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Prenda F De de*olora*i4n
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"(%*"* +" )',(%*$"), #% (( *'%#"#%( #*",/% %+ "+&")%,"&%,/'.
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D%("**'++"* '/*'( %(/#'( ('*% +" )"*")/%*"), #% ,%$"( %(%)%( (+$%(/*%( ?% ",
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))"; $,"*% > &%+. \ '* ( <%*" ')' /%,% *'%#"#%( +")#"(. E, &%#),"
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`C&' /%* )', &'++%a C'+'* A&"*++' )'*/%" > '"(G M"/%*"+ P'* )"#" Q+' #%
+"," (% (", 2Q #% '"( > )'*/%"( #% &'++%. T%#' D% +" )')), #% +" )'*/%" > #%
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11.- BIBLIOGRAFIA A),; . [ M. T"+,. 2G. F,#"&%,/'( #% <('+'!" $%%/"+. 1c E#.
Mc#ra$% &ill 'nteramericana. M"#*#; E("". P". 261.
P%*%; C. [ C. A,%(,. 1994G. I,/', of Pseudomonas aerguinosa >
A*%,/,%", M%#),"+ P+",/(. "itoterapia 65 2G 169-172.
B"/; R. [ T. ")'(. 1995G. T*"#/',"+ @%*"+ M%#),% , T*",(Q%. (.
Ethnopharmacol. 48 1G 7- 12.
C%$"; S. 23. P+",/"( M%#),"+%(; E#/'*"+ A.F.A.; L&" - P%*.
K*"&%*; F. 1957G T% P%%* /*%% Schinus molle. Econ. !ot. ) 11G 323-326.
%,/0 43 46
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L'%*; @. 199G. P+",/"( &%#),"+%( #% P%*/' R)' > #%+ C"*%. E#/'*"+
I%*'"&%*)",". " 35-7.
J%*"(; A. L.; [ P'*/++'; L. 212G. T%#' #% <*"( )', *"," )'),++" >
'/*'( )'+'*",/%( ,"/*"+%(. "A*. Actas de la Segunda +eunin para el
Aproechamiento 'ntegral de la -una y otras Cactceas y ' +eunin
Sudamericana CAC/ -0S1E- "A*%'CA+2A. Argentina. p; 165-175.
A>"+" T%*:,; A. N. 211G. E(/"+%)&%,/' #% )+/$' , $/*' #% &'++% (),(
&'++%G " "*/* #% >%&"( "=+"*%( /'&"#"( #% +",/"( &"#*% )'&' ,"
%**"&%,/" "*" +" *'""), #% +" %(%)% %, %+ D(/*/' M%/*''+/",' #%
/'.
C"!"(; M.; [ F%*,",#%; B. 1987G. Manual de tintes naturales. SEMTA;
S%*$)'( M+/+%( #% T%),'+'!"( A*'"#"(.
B*%"; A. 211G. L'( &'*#%,/%( ' <"#'*%( %, %+ *')%(' #% /%#' )', /,/%(
,"/*"+%(. +eista de la "acultad de 'ngenier3a 'ndustrial ; 41G; 1.
LIN,OGRAFIA
ALNICOLSA (.<.G.- M'++%. S),( &'++%///",,'(./*'#.)'&&'++%%(./&
D(',+% %, +" "," d%
//.*%#/%=/+"*%,/,".)'&."*,#%=.<*"(<-%,,'+%)&%,/'223-
,(&'(-"*"-%+-%,,'+%)&%,/'-#%-<*"()'+'*",/%(-/%=/+%()'+'*",/%(-
,"/*"+%(393-)'+'*",/%(-,"/*"+%(
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1. ANEXO
F*" 5.26 P*&%*" (%&"," #% %='()', #% +"( *%,#"( "+ ('+.
F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"
&i,ura ">: Se,unda emana de eG/oi*ion de la /renda al ol"
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F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"&i,ura ">: Ter*era emana de eG/oi*ion al ol de nla /renda al ol"
F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"
&i,ura ">H Lo,oti/o del /rodu*to
F%,/% E+"'*"), P*'"