V. B. GRAMMAR

8/3/2019 V. B. GRAMMAR

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B. GRAMMAR

Esta segunda sección está pensada para imprimir y fotocopiar directamente yentregar a los alumnos. Podemos distinguir en ella siete apartados diferentes:

Tenses (este apartado se inicia con una serie de frases donde seejemplifican cada uno de los tiempos verbales en inglés, seguidos de la traducciónapropiada en cada caso), un recuadro donde el alumno puede escribir sus propiosejemplos para recordarlos y cantidad de ejercicios para practicarlos.

Relative clauses (contiene una actividad)

Passive voice (incluye notas sobre la voz pasiva y actividades)

Conditional sentences (numerosas actividades para su práctica)

Modal verbs (ejercicios sobre ellos)

Reported and Unreported Speech (cuenta con indicaciones sobre estilodirecto e indirecto y actividades)

Others (en este apartado encontraremos: ejercicio 1 sobre “so, such, too,

enough”; ejercicio 2 sobre “some, any, every, no” y sus derivados; ejercicio 3sobre gerundio vs infinitivo; ejercicio 4 sobre “if only, i wish, so that, so as to”;ejercicio 5 sobre conectores; y ejercicios 6, 7 y 8 sobre “would, used to, be usedto”

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TENSES

REVISISING ENGLISH TENSES: Present Simple, Present Continuous,Past Simple, Past Continuous, “Going to”, Present Perfect, Present PerfectContinuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous

Once you’ve revised all the different tenses, write your own examples in the followingchart:

Present SimpleI usually wait for the bus at that bus stop.(Normalmente espero el autobús en esa parada).

Present ContinuousThey are waiting for the bus right now.(Están esperando el autobús justo ahora).

Past SimpleBeth waited for the bus yesterday but it didn’t appear.(Beth esperó el autobús ayer pero no apareció).

Past ContinuousWhile Beth was waiting for the bus, her boyfriend called her.(Mientras Beth estaba esperando/esperaba el autobús, la llamó su novio.

“Going to” What are you going to do after the class? We’re going to wait for the bus.(¿Qué váis a hacer después de clase? Vamos a esperar el autbús).

Present Perfect She has waited for the bus for half an hour.(Ha esperado el autobús durante media hora.)We’ve been friends since 1994.

(Somos/Hemos sido amigos desde 1994).Present Perfect ContinuousShe has been waiting for the bus for three hours.(Ha estado esperando/Lleva esperando el autobús desde hace tres horas.)

Past Perfect I was waiting for the bus but it had already left.(Estuve esperando el autobús pero ya se había ido).

Past Perfect ContinuousWhen he resigned, he had been working as a teacher for twenty five years.(Cuando dimitió, llevaba trabajando/había estado trabajando de profesor durante 25años).

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Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative

Simple Present

Present Cont.

Simple Past

Past Cont.

Present perfect

Present P.Cont

Past perfect

Past P. Cont.

Simple Future

Simple F.Cont

Perfect Future

Perfect F.Cont

Simple

Conditional

Perfect

Conditional10



1. Write the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: Simple present, presentcontinuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfectcontinuous, past perfect, future.A. Before we …………….. (arrive) at the airport, the aeroplane ……………(have) to land.

B. What …………… you ………. (do) now?C. I ……………. (work) here since January.D. While they ………………. (demonstrate*), somebody ………………(take) meto the police station. *manifestarseE. I …………. (receive) the prize in April because I …………… (work) very hardbefore.F. They usually …………….. (wear) casual clothes. However, they ………………(wear) an elegant suit today.G. I’m really exhausted! I ………………… (iron) your clothes since 3 o’clock andit’s 6 o’clock!

2. Complete using Simple future, Future continuous or Future perfect.a. Don’t worry! When you come back, I ………………. (wait) for you at home.b. They’ve got their English test at 9 o’clok. At 9:30, they ………………. (notfinish) yet.c. I know my younger son …………… (be) a good doctor one day.d. At 3, we ………………. (still study) for our next exam. It’s so difficult!e. If you hurry up, you …………. (take) the train.f. If everything is OK, tomorrow at this time we …………….. (already arrive) atGreat Britain.

Present simple Present Continuous Past simplePast Continuous Will Going to

3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate tense.1. The alarm’s going! Ok, I (switch) it off.

2. When Andrew (see) that question, he (not know) the answer.

3. When I (be) born, it (snow) all day.

4. That plane is out of control. It (crash).

5. I (write) to my parents, I (write) to them every weekend.

6. Vicky (have) a beautiful dream when the alarm clock (ring).

7. I normally (start) work at 8 o’clock, but I (start) at seven this week, we are

very busy at the moment.

8. -Look! The sky is full of dark clouds. It (rain).

9. -I (take) my umbrella, then.

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10. What (you-do) yesterday afternoon at five? I (study) for my Latin exam.

11. What (you-do) this afternoon, Luke? I don’t know, I think I (surf) the

internet.

12. The sun (rise) in the east, remember. It’s behind us, so we (travel) west.

13. What (you-do)? I (be) an architect.

14. While she (read) a library book, she (find) a ten pound note.

15. I (think) Janet (be) busy at the moment. She (wash) her hair.

16. Have you got a ticket for the play? Yes, I (see) it on Thursday.

4. Fill in the gaps using the correct tense.I ……………….. (1.be) a fan of soap operas for years. I …………… (2.watch) my

favourite show three times a week. In fact, until about a week ago, I ……………….

(3.never/miss) a single episode. Last Saturday, while I …………………. (4.sit) in

front of the TV, the electricity suddenly ………………… (5.go off). After waiting for

about an hour, I finally phoned the telephone company. “What………………

(6.happen)?” I asked them. “When ………………… (7.we/have) electricity again?

The man I …………(8.speak) to said it would take a while to fix the problem. So I

………………. (9.not watch) my favourite soap opera that day. Strangely enough, I

………………. (10. not watch) it since. Suddenly, there are so many other things to

do!

5. Fill in the gaps with the correct tense.

a. About two weeks ago, I _______________ (see) a great tennis match.

b. Many people ______________ (eat) their main meal in the evening, after work.c. It began to rain while we _______________ (walk) through the woods.

d. You can’t buy shoes in the village. The shoe shop ______________ (recentlyclose).e. __________________ (you-come) to the party next Friday?

f. They were angry because they _________________ (wait) for hours.

g. Tomorrow morning we _______________ (go) to the beach.

h. We are worried because we ________________ (not hear) from our son for weeks.

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i. When they finally rescued him, he____________(lie)in the snow since the daybefore. j. She _______________ (get) married soon, on 3rd November.

6. Fill in the gaps using PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, PASTSIMPLE, PAST CONTINUOUS, FUTURE SIMPLE or GOING TO.

a. Would you like tea or coffee? I ___________ (have) coffee, please.b. They ______________ (watch) a documentary on TV when suddenly, the TV ___________ (explode).c. Do you have any plans for this afternoon? Yes, I _____________ (look) roundthe museum.d. It ____________ (snow) outside, it _______________ (come) down quitehard, look.

e. Rachel ____________ (come) down the stairs, when the lights ___________ (go) out.f. Normally I _____________ (start) work at seven, but I ___________ (start) atsix this week, we are very busy.

7. Fill in the gaps using PRESENT PERFECT, PAST PERFECT, PRESENTPERFECT CONTINUOUS, PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS or SIMPLE PAST.

a. Once they ______________ (build) their new house, they ___________ (sell) it.b. How long _____________ (you/do) that? Oh, for about a month now.

c. You feel too tired. It’s because you ____________ (work) too muchtime.d. I’d like to meet a ghost, but I ___________ (never/see) one.e. I’ve finished my homework, I ____________ (do) it after lunch..f. It’s ten o’clock and they ___________ (not finish) yet.g. Mike felt terribly nervous. He _____________ (worry) about it all week.h. When I saw Nick last week, he said he ____________ (stop) smoking.i. She was tired because she ______________ (read) her favourite bookall night. j. The last time I ___________ (go) to Brighton was in August.

8. Fill in the gaps with the correct tenses.The actress Vanessa Kemp _______________ (disappear). Yesterday she

____________ (not arrive) at the Prince Charles Theatre in London. Ms Kemp, who ____________ (live) in Hampstead, ________________ (leave) home at 4 o’clockyesterday afternoon for the theatre, a journey she _____________ (make) severaltimes the week before. Two people, who ______________ (walk) around her houseat that moment, ____________ (see) her. But no one _______________ (see) her since then. The police _____________ (take) the matter seriously, but they ________________ (not believe) that she ____________ (be) in danger. All her friends _______________ (want) to hear from her soon.

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RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Join the two sentences together using a relative pronoun. Make any other necessary changes.

a. Mary is my French teacher. Her dad lives in our street.

b. Did you post my letter? I gave it to you this morning.

c. London is a city full of life. I lived there three years ago.

d. Fred Pikes is a famous star in North America. The audience loves him.

e. That is the film!! I’m really interested in it.

f. He is the boy. Britney Spears was talking to him.

g. They moved to a small village. They bought a new house there.

h. This is the place. The robber attacked me there.

i. This book is very exciting. I have read it several times.

j. Marta is the new teacher. They have been waiting for her.

k. Do you like that handbag? I gave it to you three years ago?

l. Will you forget that day? I met you then.

m. Paris is a fascinating city. There are lots of monuments there.

n. This is my best friend. I’m really worried about him.

o. That’s the animal! I’ve been dreaming of it.

p. Paul and Tom are the best students in my class. Their parents got divorced.

q. My grandmother was a fabulous woman. She was a hairdresser.

r. We all admire the English teacher. She is extremely interesting.

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e) They suppose that Tony will meet the president.f) For the last five years, they have done nothing to stop air pollution.g) The government is going to reduce taxes next year.h) My neighbours sold their house last year.

3. Rewrite these sentences using “HAVE SOMETHING DONE”.a. The hairdresser cut your hair yesterday.

I …b. Your best friend will paint the walls of your flat in the summer.

I …c. Three bricklayers are repairing the roof of your flat just now.

I …d. Your mum was decorating your bedroom.

I …

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. Rewrite using conditional sentences.a. We must hurry or we will be late.

b. You would like to buy some clothes, but you think they are too expensive.

c. Peter is thinking of buying a new record, Sally thinks the record isn't verygood.

d. She didn't have enough money. She couldn't buy the shoes.

e. Andrew's elder brother, Simon, still lives at home, and Andrew wouldn't livethere.

f. You see a competition in a magazine with a first prize of a million pounds.

g. Sarah would like to write to her friend, Alan, but she has lost his address.

h. Sue was ill. She didn't go to work.

i. It rained all morning. We didn't go out.

j. I wasn't hungry. I didn't have breakfast.

k. They will probably give me the job. I will earn a lot of money.

l. Standing at the top of that mountain, you can see the sea.

m. Open the safe and I won't blow up the building.

2. Fill in the gaps with the suitable tenses.a. She is talented but lazy. If she ____________ (work) hard, she ______________ (succeed).b. Janet is ambitious. If she _____________ (work) hard, she _____________ (succeed).

c. It is too late now, but if you __________ (ask) your parents, they __________ (let) you go.d. I ____________ (pass) the test if I ____________ (study), but I went to thecinema instead.e. Alex is a clever lawyer. If he ___________ (take) your case, you ________ (probably win)f. Gary is too busy to take your case but if he ____________ (take) it, you __________ (win).

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MODAL VERBS

1. Fill in the gaps with a suitable modal verb and the verbs in brackets. CAN,COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, MUSTN’T, HAVE TO, DON’T HAVE TO, SHOULD,SHOULDN’T.

a. You don’t look well, you ________________ (go) to the doctor’s.

b. The law forbids drinking and driving. In other words, you _________________

(drive and drink).

c. My mark in maths is very low so I ________________ (study) more.

d. It is not obligatory to vote in elections. You _______________ (vote) next time.

e. Our environment is in danger. We _______________ (take care) of it.

f. We are obliged to go to school until the age of 16. We __________________

(attend) every day.

g. There are a lot of clouds, look! It ________________ (rain).

h. My dad is able to speak Japanese, German and Italian, so he

_______________ (speak) three languages.

i. When I was a baby, I _____________ (write) very well.

j. He’s not at home, he _____________ (be) at the library, he has an exam.

2. Rewrite these sentences using modal verbs of deduction and speculation

-whether in the present or in the past- so that they mean the same as the original..a) It is sure that the President won’t win the elections again.

b) Perhaps we lost our books yesterday when the earthquake happened.

c) She won’t certainly pass this exam because she hasn’t studied verymuch.

d) It is possible that the old lady crashed the van.

e) It is clear that Sherlock Holmes was one of the most famous detectivesin the world because everybody knows his adventures.

f) Perhaps John and Michael don’t know you are here because theyhaven’t come.

g) They probably disappeared during the First World War.

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h) Cleopatra had a lot of lovers. It is clear she was really beautiful.

i) We are certain she is an excellent actress since she has already wonfour Oscars.

j) It is cloudy. Perhaps it will rain later.

3. Rewrite these sentences using the correct MODAL VERBS.A. They probably work all days but Saturdays and Sundays.

B. It is not compulsory to wear a helmet in this part of the country.

C. I’m your best friend and I advise you to give up smoking.

D. We’re sure Sarah doesn’t speak German.

E. If you hadn’t missed your classes for the last three months, it would havebeen much better.

F. It is compulsory for students to pass all the subjects.

G. It isn’t necessary for children under three to attend all the lessons.

H. I’m completely sure you borrowed my Geography notebook.

I. My best friend was able to swim from Spain to Morocco.

J. The students in that school were forced to clean the classrooms before goinghome.

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REPORTED SPEECH AND UNREPORTED SPEECH

SOME NOTES ON REPORTED SPEECH

REMEMBER!!

Start using a reporting verb (say, tell, ask, … etc)

Use a link between the reporting clause and the reported speech (that, if,whether, … etc.)

Make all the necessary changes: Personal references (pronouns, possessives, etc.) Tenses Place references Temporal references

SOME ACTIVITIES

1. Practise changing these sentences into unreported speech.

1. STATEMENTS (afirmaciones)

1. “You don’t work hard enough and this is a problem”, he stated.2. “My friends are studying for their exams now”, Sally said.3. “I bought all my books here yesterday”, John told her.

4. “They were reading all the afternoon”, he informed me.5. “We have been really happy for the past 20 years here”, they told me.6. “I’m fed up!, I’ve been doing this activity for two hours”, Luke complained.7. “We are going to watch the match tomorrow”, they said.8. “He’ll study Law next year”, Ellen told me.

2. REQUESTS (peticiones)

1. “Could you bring me these newspapers?”, Peter asked me.2. “Help me with the housetasks, please.” , my mum asked him.3. “Don’t open this window now, please” her grandad asked her.

3. COMMANDS (órdenes)

1. Go to bed immediately!2. Don’t run so fast!

4. QUESTIONS (preguntas)

1. “Do you prefer coffee or tea?”, Sarah asked me.2. “Are you going back to America today?”, he wanted to know.

3. “Did he study enough last week?”, the teacher wondered.

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4. “Were you and your sister reading the press yesterday?”, the policeman askedme.5. “What have you cooked for dinner?”, I asked my mum.6. “Where will they go on holiday next summer?”, I asked Mary and Susan.7. “Why have you been looking at me for half an hour?”, I wanted to know.

2. Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with a reporting verb from thelist: suggest, advise, apologize, beg, offer, insist, invite.

A. “Would you like to travel to Paris with me next summer?”

My boyfriend…

B. “You should take these tablets”

The doctor…

C. “Why don’t we go to the theatre tonight?”

Ruth…

D. “We’re sorry to leave so early”

They…E. “I’ll behave myself, I promise, I promise”

The little girl…

F. “I’ll help you with your luggage”

Her husband…

G. “I’d love to go with you, please, mum, please…”

Mike…

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OTHERS

1. Combine the sentences using the words in brackets. Make any necessarychanges.a. That girl was brilliant. They selected her for the contest. (such)

b. The weather is horrible today. We won’t go out. (so)

c. You are young. You can’t drive a car. (enough)

d. The car wasn’t cheap. They couldn’t buy it.(too)

2. Fill in the gaps using some, any, no or pronouns made up of some-, any-, no-,every- .a. It was snowing all the afternoon. There was snow ______________ .b. The police arrested that man, he stole _____________ money from a shop.c. _______________ attended his funeral, he had been such a kind person!d. _______________ attended his funeral, he had been such a miserableperson!e. Are you looking for _____________? Yes, I am. I’ve lost ______________ .I’ve lost my keys once more. I don’t know where they are! I can’t see them ______________ .f. Pete, I think ______________ was waiting for you, uhmmm…. oh, yes, it wasPaul.g. Have you got ________ sugar? I’m doing a cake and I have ____ sugar left.

3. Fill in the gaps using GERUNDS or INFINITIVES.a. My grandparents managed ______________ (succeed) in life.b. We have to stop _____________ (rest), we are really tired.c. When the teacher came, he stopped ____________ (hit) me.d. You should avoid _____________ (smoke).e. I usually start _____________ (work) at 8.f. He’s suggested ____________ (take) a trip to Andalucia.

4. Rewrite using the words in brackets. Make any other necessary changes.a. “I want them to get a good job.” (I wish)

b. Save 100 euros each month and you’ll have 1,200 euros next year. (in order to).c. “I shouldn’t have asked you to marry me.” (if only)

d. He wanted to be a teacher and he studied English Studies. (so that)

e. “I’m not a young man.” (I wish)

f. “Paul spent all my money!!” (if only)

g. Be careful and we won’t have an accident (so as to).

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5. Rewrite the following sentences using the linking words provided.a) We didn’t go to your party because my boyfriend was ill. (as)

b) You don’t study hard enough. Therefore, you will fail this subject. (because)

c) It was a rainy day and we had an accident because he was driving too fast.(consequently)

d) I will go to the bookshop to buy the last best seller that my friend wants toread.(so as to)

e) It was snowing a lot but we didn’t postpone the fooball match. (in spite of)

f) It was late. However, they were still waiting for us. (although)

6. Complete the sentences keeping the meaning of the original one.a) The children would go fishing every Saturday.

The children ………..b) Their habit is to get up at 7,30.

They ………….c) Philip felt sick because he ate three chocolate cakes and he never eats somany sweets.

Philip ………..d) Joan would play the piano every evening before going to bed.

Joan ………….e) I had the habit of having breakfast at ten o’clock.

I …………f) They were always late when they had an exam.

They ………..

7. Read the following sentences and decide if it is possible to substitute used to for would. Write: Yes! Or No!a) We used to live in a big house. b) My friends used to go running in the morning.c) This neighbourhood used to be more crowded.d) When I was a child, I used to look older.

e) In summer, she used to sunbathe in Santa Pola.

8. Complete using: used to / would / be used to + the verbs in brackets in thecorrect form.

a) Sheila ………………….. (smoke) twenty cigarrettes every day. She hasdecided to give it up.

b) We ………………… (visit) our grandparents every Winter when we were inSpain.

c) They ………………… (come back) home after 9 o’clock in the evening.d) My sister ………………… (be) worried about the war in that year.e) The government ………………… (ignore) us for the last few years.

f) Our teachers ………………. (prepare) the lessons very well this year.

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V. B. GRAMMAR

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