Verbos irregulares en alemán.pdf

8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf

1/12

Ablaut Patterns in German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Click on an ablaut class for details

Note: Because the ablaut classes are based on the vowel sounds in Proto-

Indo-European, Old English, and Old High German, the spelling of the vowelsmay differ in modern English and German.

AblautClass

German Examples English Examples

1a. ei - i - i beissen, biss, gebissenleiden, litt, gelitten

drive, drove, drivenslide, slid, slid

1b. ei - ie - ie bleiben, blieb, gebliebenschreiben, schrieb, geschrieben

2. ie - o - o fliegen, flog, geflogenziehen, zog, gezogen

freeze, froze, frozenshoot, shot, shot

3a. i - a - u/o finden, fand, gefundenbeginnen, begann, begonnen

begin, began, begunsing, sang, sung

3b. e - a - o helfen, half, geholfenbefehlen, befahl, befohlen

win, won, wonfind, found, found

4. e - a - o See Class 3bSame as 3b in modern German

break, broke, brokenspeak, spoke (spake),spoken

5. e/i - a - e essen, a, gegessenbitten, bat, gebeten

eat, ate, eatengive, gave, given

6. a - u - a graben, grub, gegraben shake, shook, shaken

7. [x] - ie - [x] * blasen, blies, geblasen fall, fell, fallen

*Class 7 verbs are uniform in having an ie past tense form, but the othervowels in the infinitive or past participle forms can vary: a/au/ei/o/u. See thechart for details.Exceptions Ausnahmen Odd verb patterns

Mixed Verbs - German verbs that combine weak and strong forms
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablautOth.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablautOth.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htm


2/12

Ablaut Class 1a - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts - ei - i i

Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 1a. This class isfurther divided into a subgroup of verbs that follow the ei-ie-ie (vowel

lengthening) pattern (bleiben, schreiben, verzeihen, etc.). See Class 1b forthose verbs.

Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.

German Verb English Meaning

beien, biss, gebissen bite, bit, bitten

bleichen, blich, geblichen bleach, bleached, bleached

gleichen, glich, geglichen resemble, resembled, resembledgleiten, glitt, geglitten

Note: The verb begleiten (to accompany ) has

weak verb conjugation.

glide, glided, glided

greifen, griff, gegriffen grasp, grasped, grasped

kneifen, kniff, gekniffen pinch, pinched, pinched

leiden, litt, gelitten

Note: The verb verleiden (to spoil ) is conjugated

as a weak verb.

suffer, suffered, suffered

pfeifen, pfiff, gepfiffen whistle, whistled, whistled

reien, riss, gerissen tear, tore, torn

reiten, ritt, geritten ride, rode, ridden

scheien, schiss, geschissen shit, shitted (shat), shitted

schleichen, schlich, geschlichen sneak, sneaked, sneaked

schleifen, schliff, geschliffen

Note: When conjugated as a weak

verb, schleifen means to drag .

polish, polished, polished

schmeien, schmiss, geschmissen toss, tossed, tossed

schneiden, schnitt, geschnitten cut, cut, cut

schreiten, schritt, geschritten step, stepped, stepped


3/12

spleien, spliss, gesplissen splice, spliced, spliced

streichen, strich, gestrichen spread, spread, spread

streiten, stritt, gestritten argue, argued, argued

weichen, wich, gewichen

Note: The weak verb weichen means to soften.

retreat, retreated, retreated

Ablaut Class 1b - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts - ei - ie ie

Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 1. This class is

further divided into a larger subgroup of verbs that follow the ei-i-i pattern.See Class 1a for those verbs.



bleiben, blieb, geblieben stay, stayed, stayed

gedeihen, gedieh, gediehen flourish, flourished, flourished

leihen, lieh, geliehen loan, loaned, loaned

meiden, mied, gemieden avoid, avoided, avoided

preisen, pries, gepriesen praise, praised, praised

reiben, rieb, gerieben rub, rubbed, rubbed

scheiden, schied, geschieden part, parted, parted

scheinen, schien, geschienen shine, shone, shone

schreiben, schrieb, geschrieben write, wrote, written

schreien, schrie, geschrie(e)n scream, screamed, screamed

schweigen, schwieg, geschwiegen be silent, was silent, has been silent

speien, spie, gespie(e)n spew, spewed, spewed

steigen, stieg, gestiegen climb, climbed, climbedtreiben, trieb, getrieben drive, drove, driven

verzeihen, verzieh, verziehen forgive, forgave, forgiven

weisen, wies, gewiesen reject, rejected, rejected


4/12

Ablaut Class 2 - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts - ie - o o

Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 2.



biegen, bog, gebogen bend, bent, bent

bieten, bot, geboten offer, offered, offered

erkiesen, erkor, erkoren choose, chose, chosen

fliegen, flog, geflogen fly, flew, flown

fliehen, floh, geflohen flee, fled, fled

flieen, floss, geflossen flow, flowed, flowed

frieren, fror, gefroren freeze, froze, frozen

genieen, genoss, genossen enjoy, enjoyed, enjoyed

gieen, goss, gegossen pour, poured, poured

kriechen, kroch, gekrochen crawl, crawled, crawled

riechen, roch, gerochen smell, smelled, smelled

schieben, schob, geschoben shove, shoved, shoved

schieen, schoss, geschossen shoot, shot, shot

schlieen, schloss, geschlossen close, closed, closedsprieen, spross, gesprossen sprout, sprouted, sprouted

stieben, stob, gestoben spray, sprayed, sprayed

verdieen, verdross, verdrossen Vex, vexed, vexed

verlieren, verlor, verloren lose, lost, lost

wiegen, wog, gewogen

Note: The weak verb wiegen means to rock , sway .

weigh, weighed, weighed

ziehen, zog, gezogen pull, pulled, pulled


5/12

Ablaut Class 3a - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts - i - a u

Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 3a. Also see theClass 3b verbs (e - a - o).



binden, band, gebunden tie, tied, tied

dringen, drang, gedrungen press, pressed, pressed

finden, fand, gefunden find, found, foundgelingen, gelang, gelungen succeed, succeeded, succeeded

klingen, klang, geklungen sound, sounded, sounded

misslingen, misslang, misslungen fail, failed, failed

ringen, rang, gerungen ring, rang, rung

schlingen, schlang, geschlungen wrap, wrapped, wrapped

schwinden, schwand, geschwunden dwindle, dwindled, dwindled

schwingen, schwang, geschwungen vibrate, vibrated, vibrated

singen, sang, gesungen sing, sang, sung

sinken, sank, gesunken sink sank, sunk

springen, sprang, gesprungen spring, sprang, sprung

stinken, stank, gestunken stink, stank, stunk

trinken, trank, getrunken drink, drank, drunk

verschwinden, verschwand,verschwunden

disappear, disappeared, disappeared

winden, wand, gewunden wind, winded, winded

wringen, wrang, gewrungen wring, wrung, wrung

zwingen, zwang, gezwungen force, forced, forcedClass 3: i - a - o


beginnen, begann, begonnen begin, began, begun

gewinnen, gewann, gewonnen win, won, won

rinnen, rann, geronnen trickle, trickled, trickled


6/12

schwimmen, schwamm, geschwommen swim, swam, swum

sinnen, sann, gesonnen meditate, meditated, meditated

spinnen, spann, gesponnen spin, span, spun

Ablaut Class 3b - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts - e - a o

Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 3b. Also see theClass 3a verbs (i - a - u/o).


German Verb English Meaning befehlen, befahl, befohlen

Note: fehlen (to be missing or lacking ) is

conjugated as a weak verb.

command, commanded, commanded

bergen, barg, geborgen rescue, rescued, rescued

bersten, barst, geborsten burst, bursted, bursted

brechen, brach, gebrochen break, broke, broken

empfehlen, empfahl, empfohlen recommend, recommended,

recommendederscheken, erschak, erschoken be startled, was startled, been startled

gebren, gebar, geboren give birth, gave birth, given birth

gelten, galt, gegolten apply, applied, applied (to)

helfen, half, geholfen help, helped, helped

nehmen, nahm, genommen take, took, taken

schelten, schalt, gescholten scold, scolded, scolded

schrecken, schrack, geschrocken frighten, frightened, frightened

sprechen, sprach, gesprochen speak, spoke, spokenstechen, stach, gestochen prick, pricked, pricked

stehlen, stahl, gestohlen steal, stole, stolen

sterben, starb, gestorben die, died, died

treffen, traf, getroffen meet, met, met

verderben, verdarb, verdorben spoil, spoiled, spoiled


7/12

werben, warb, geworben advertise, advertised, advertised

werden, wurde (ward), geworden become, became, become

werfen, warf, geworfen throw, threw, thrown

Class 3b: e - o o


bewegen, bewog, bewogen

Note: When bewegen means to move , it is

conjugated as a weak verb.

induce, induce, induced

dreschen, drosch, gedroschen thresh, threshed, threshed

fechten, focht, gefochten fence, fenced, fenced

flechten, flocht, geflochten braid, braided, braided

heben, hob, gehoben lift, lifted, lifted

quellen, quoll, gequollen stream, streamed, streamed

scheren, schor, geschoren


verb, scheren means to concern .

shear, sheared, sheared

schmelzen, schmolz, geschmolzen thaw, thawed, thawed

schwellen, schwoll, geschwollen swell, swelled, swollen

wgen, wog, gewogen weigh, weighed, weighed


Principal Parts - e - a e


Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.German Verb English Meaning

essen, a, gegessen eat, ate, eaten

fressen, fra, gefressen eat, ate, eaten (of animals)

geben, gab, gegeben give, gave, given

genesen, genas, genesen recuperate, recuperated, recuperated


8/12

geschehen, geschah, geschehen happen, happened, happened

lesen, las, gelesen read, read, read

messen, ma, gemessen measure, measured, measured

sehen, sah, gesehen see, saw, seen

treten, trat, getreten step, stepped, stepped

vergessen, verga, vergessen forget, forgot, forgot

Class 5: i/ie - a - e


bitten, bat, gebeten request, requested, requested

liegen, lag, gelegen recline, reclined, reclined

sitzen, sa, gesessen sit, sat, sat


Principal Parts - a - u a



Also see irregular Class 6 verbs below.German Verb English Meaning

fahren, fuhr, gefahren drive, drove, driven

graben, grub, gegraben dig, dug, dug

laden, lud, geladen load, loaded, loaded

schaffen, schuf, geschaffen


verb, schaffen means to manage, work .

create, created, created

schlagen, schlug, geschlagen beat, beat, beaten

tragen, trug, getragen

Note: The

verbs beauftragen and beantragen have weak

verb conjugations.

carry, carried, carried


9/12

wachsen, wuchs, gewachsen grow, grew, grown

waschen, wusch, gewaschen wash, wash, wash

Class 6: a - [a] - a The following verbs follow the Class 6 pattern

only in part; the past tense form is weak.German Verb English Meaning

backen, backte (buk)*, gebacken bake, baked, baked

fragen, fragte (frug)**, gefragt ask, asked, asked

*Although backen has a weak past in modern German, its past participle isstrong. The strong past tense form buk is rarely used today.**The verb fragen is weak in modern German. The strong past tenseform frug is rarely used today.

mahlen, [mahlte], gemahlen grind, gound, ground

salzen, [salzte], gesalzen salt, salted, salted


Principal Parts (a-ie-a)

Verbs in Class 7 are uniform in having an "[x]-ie-[x]" pattern in which the firstand last forms have the same vowel/diphthong, while the center (past tense)

form is always ie. Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 7.



Class 7: a - ie - a

blasen, blies, geblasen blow, blew, blown

braten, briet, gebraten roast, roasted, roasted

fallen, fiel, gefallen fall, fell, fallen

halten, hielt, gehalten

Note: The verb beinhalten (to comprise ) has

weak verb conjugation.

hold, held, held

lassen, lie, gelassen let, let, let

raten, riet, geraten advise, advised, advised

schlafen, schlief, geschlafen sleep, slept, slept


10/12

Class 7: au - ie - au

hauen, hing, gehauen

Note: hauen may also be conjugated as a weak verb.

There is no difference in meaning.

hit, hit, hit

laufen, lief, gelaufen run, ran, run

Class 7: ei - ie - ei

heien, hiess, geheien be named, was named, has beennamed

Class 7: o - ie - o

stoen, stie, gestoen bump, bumped, bumped

Class 7: u - ie - u

rufen, rief, gerufen call, called, called

Class 7: a/ - i - a/ Anomaly with i rather than ie

fangen, fing, gefangen catch, caught, caught

hngen, hing, gehangen hang, hanged, hanged

Ablaut Class Exceptions - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns

Principal Parts Other

There are seven ablaut classes or vowel-shift patterns found in the conjugationof German verbs. Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs that do not

follow a standard vowel pattern.Note: These verbs may have other English meanings besides the one shown.


betrgen, betrog, betrogen deceive, deceived, deceived

erklimmen, erklomm, erklommen scale, scaled, scaled

erlschen, erlosch, erloschen

Note: When erlschen is transitive ( to

extinguish ) it is conjugated as a weak verb.

extinguish, extinguished, extinguished

gehen, ging, ist gegangen go, went, gone

glimmen, glomm, geglommen smoulder, smouldered, smouldered
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb04.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb04.htm


11/12

kommen, kam, ist gekommen come, came, come

lgen, log, gelogen lie, lied, lied ( falsehood )

saufen, soff, gesoffen drink, drank, drunk ( alcohol )

saugen, sog, gesogen

Note: The weak conjugation of saugen is equally

frequent.

suck, sucked, sucked

schwren, schwor, geschworen swear, swore, sworn

stehen, stand, gestanden stand, stood, stood

tun, tat, getan do, did, done

trgen, trog, getrogen deceive, deceived, deceived

Mixed Verbs in German The so-called "mixed" verbs combine elements of strong (irregular) and weak

(regular) German verbs. Since most mixed verbs are very common in German,it is important to learn them. The following alphabetical list indicates the

German mixed verbs. Note: These verbs may have other English meaningsbesides the one shown.


brennen, brannte, gebrannt burn, burned, burned

bringen, brachte, gebracht bring, brought, broughtdenken, dachte, gedacht think, thought, thought

kennen, kannte, gekannt know, knew, known

haben, hatte, gehabt have, had, had

mahlen, mahlte, gemahlen* (Class 6 ) grind, ground, ground

melke, melkte, gemolken milk, milked, milked

nennen, nannte, genannt name, named, named

rennen, rannte, gerannt run, ran, run

salzen, salzte, gesalzen* ( Class 6) salt, salted, salted

schinden, schindete, geschunden flay, flayed, flayed

senden, sandte, gesandt


verb, senden means to broadcast .

send, sent, sent

sieden, siedete, gesotten boil, boiled, boiled
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_kommen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_denken.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blkennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_nennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_rennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_rennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_nennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blkennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_denken.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_kommen.htm


12/12

spalten, spaltete, gespalten* (Class 6) split, split, split

wenden, wandte, gewandt

Note: wenden may be conjugated as a weak

verb, especially to mean to turn over, turnaround .

turn, turned, turned

wissen, wusste, gewusst know, knew, known

*Verbs with a strong past participle that belong to ablaut class 6 (strongverbs).
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blwissen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blwissen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htm

Verbos irregulares en alemán.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Verbos irregulares en alemán.pdf