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Sensibilidad Especial
Visión DR JOHNNY JULIO DE LA ROSA
MEDICO U. DE C.
DOCENTE DE FISIOPATOLOGÍA Y PROPEDÉUTICA UNISINU
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EL OJO
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LA RETINA
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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BASTONES CONOS C. BIPOLARES C. GANGLIONARES C. HORIZONTALES C. AMACRINAS
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Epitelio pigmentario cerca a la coroides…
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Abundan los conos, monosinapticos, via directa a la corteza visual y no hay vasos sanguíneos…
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Via Optica…
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Nervio Optico Cuerpo Geniculado lateral (talamo) Retina nasal se cruza en el quiasma Retina temporal sigue Via Geniculo – Calcarina Corteza Visual (Occipital)
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Lesiones de la Via Visual (hemianopsias)
Campo Visual – Test de Confrontacion
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Fibras del nervio óptico del cuerpo geniculado lateral
Coliculo superior Mesencefalo
Reflejo Pupilar Movimientos Oculares
Otras conexiones del nervio óptico
- Corteza frontal
- Nucleo supraquiasmatico del hipotálamo
- Nucleos del techo del puente (tallo cerebral)
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Via Visual (Reflejo Fotomotor)
Directo Consensual
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RECEPTORES RETINIANOS
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Saculos y Discos tienen sustancias fotosensibles Los discos se renuevan constantemente Los bastones predominan fuera de la fóvea 6 millones de Conos 120 millones de bastones Relacion sináptica delas células bipolares y ganglionares (105:1) Las neuronas de la corteza son 1000 veces mas que las fibras nerviosas del nervio optico
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Formacion de la Imagen…
Principios de Optica
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El ojo convierte la energía del espectro visible (luz – Color) en potenciales de acción en el nervio óptico
La longitud de onda visible (397 a 723 nm)
Las imágenes de los objetos se cncentran en la retina
Estimulan los conos y bastones
Viajan por el nervio óptico
Llegan a la corteza occipital (visual)
Estos impulsos = sentido de la Vista
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
Mecanismo que permite enfocar una imagen precisa en la retina
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
Mecanismo que permite enfocar una imagen precisa en la retina
Foco Principal : Rayos desviados a un punto al pasar por una lente boconvexa Distancia focal principal : distancia entre el cristalino y el foco principal Ratos de luz a 6 mt son paralelos Objetos menos de 6 mt = divergentes Lentes bicóncavas producen divergencias
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION El poder de refracción es
directamente proporcional a la curvatura de una lente Dioptrias = unidas de medición del poder de refracción de una lente El numero de estas es = distancia focal en metros Ej : lente con siatancia focal 0,25m = 1/25 = 4 dioptrías El ojo humano tiene aproximadamente 60 dioptrías de poder en reposo
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
Estructuras que participan en la refracción: Cornea Humor acuoso Cristalino Humor Vitreo
Errores en la refracción : Hipermetropia, Miópia, Astigmatismo, Presbicia o presbiopia.
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
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PRINCIPIOS DE OPTICA… REFRACCION
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