arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-IƒDev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw
tUm. Sn.-]n.-tk-Xp-am-[-h≥
F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw
tI-cf sh‰dn\dn B‚ v A\n-a¬ kb≥kkv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n
Title : Mrigasamrakshana Farming Reethikal- Ulpadhanavun Vipananavum(arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ˛ D¬∏m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw)
Published by : Dr. S. RamkumarDirector of EntrepreneurshipKerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityPookode, WayanadKerala Statewww.kvasu.ac.in
Author : Dr. T.P.SethumadhavanHead, PublicationsDirectorate of EntrepreneurshipKerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Year of Publication : 2014No. of Copies : 1000
Price : Rs. 60/- (Rupees Sixty only)
Layout & Design : Santhosh Joeboy, ThrissurPrinted @ KBPS, Kakkanaad, Kochi
arK-kw-c-£W manßv coXn-Iƒ
Dev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw
cmPysØ samØw Im¿jnI B`y-¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ aq∂n-sem-t∂mfw kw`m-h\ sNøp∂ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ ]m¬, ap´,Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\-Ønepw D]-t`m-K-Ønepw XΩn¬ h≥A¥cw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hmßm-\p≈ tijn, P¥p-P\y Dev]-∂-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Xmev]cyw F∂nh h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°m-eØv `£y-kp-c-£, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw, imkvXob hn]-W-\w, Ib-‰p-aXn F∂nh Gsd ]m[m\ya¿ln-°p-∂p.
]c-º-cm-KX coXn-bn¬ \n∂pw kwcw`-I-Xz-Øn-te-bv°p≈ am‰wIW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ tZiob Im¿jnI hnI-k\ \bw e£y-an-Sp∂hn]Wn e£y-an-´p≈ Dev]m-Z\ ]In-b-bv°v Du∂¬ \¬IWw.P¥pP\y Dev]-∂-߃ KpW-ta-∑-tbmsS Dev]m-Zn-∏n-®m¬ amXta A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn¬ apt∂-dm≥ km[n-°q. sNehp Ipd™ Dev]m-Z\]Inbbpw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ Dev]m-Z\ coXn-Ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
ÿe hnkvXrXn Ipd™ tIc-f-Øn\v kmº-Øn-Ihpw, kmaq-ln-I-hpw, ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-hp-amb LS-I-߃ kwtbm-Pn-∏n®psIm≠p≈kpÿnc arKkwc-£-W coXn-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ch-bv°m-h-iy-ambhnh-c-߃ Dƒs°m-≈n®p sIm≠p≈ arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ ˛ Dev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw F∂ tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-[-h≥cNn® ]pkvXIw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ Dev]m-Z\w, hn]-W\wF∂n-h-bn¬ ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-I¿, sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-I¿, Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnse `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ, Kth-j-I¿, I¿j-I¿ F∂n-h¿°v CXv Gsd-D-]-Im-c]Zam-bn-cn-°pw. Cu taJ-e-b-nse kºq¿Æ hnh-c-߃ Dƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ ]cn-i-an® KŸ-I¿Ømhv ]tXyI A`n-\-µ-\-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
F∂vhniz-kvX-XtbmsS,
tUm. _n. AtimIv]qt°mSv sshkvNm≥k-e¿01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
]pkvX-I-sØ-°p-dn®v
P\-kw -Jy -bn¬ ap≥\nc -bn¬ \n¬°p∂ C¥y-bn¬`t£ym¬]m-Z\w, kwkv°-c-Ww, hnX-cWw F∂nh Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ \nc-h[n-bm-Wv.
]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z\w apX¬ D]-t`mKw hscimkvXob Dev]m-Z\ coXn-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. BtKm-f-h-XvIr-X-bp-K-Øn¬ Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ssIh-cn-°m≥ CXvAXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-W-v. ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bv°p-th≠n [m\y-߃, ]b-dp-h¿§-߃, ]®-°-dn F∂n-h-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ sNe-hn-Sp-∂-Xmbn IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssPh-Ir-jn, ]Ir-Xym-ep≈ IrjnF∂n-hbv°pw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ ]m[m-\y-tadnhcp-∂p. ^pUv tk^v‰nB‚ v Ãm≥tU¿Uvkv BIvSv 2006 ]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂-tXmsS Dev]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta-∑, Btcm-Ky-Zm-bI ÿnXn F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v D]-t`m-‡m-°-fn¬ Xm¬]cyw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p.
P\-km-µX IqSp-Xepw, `qhn-kvXrXn Ipd-hp-ap≈ tIc-f-Øn¬kpÿnc Irjn-coXnbneq-∂n-bp≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\v km[y-X-I-tf-sd-bp≠v.]mcn -ÿn-XnI ]iv\-߃ ]cn -l-cn -°m≥ imkvXob amen\y\n¿am¿÷\ coXn-Ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu cwKØv hn]Wn e£y-an´p≈hn⁄m\ hym]-\-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In-sIm≠v tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-
[-h≥ cNn® F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ arK-kw-c-
£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ˛ Dev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw F∂ KŸ-Øn\v Gsd ]k-‡n-bp-≠v. sXmgn¬ kwcw-`I¿, I¿j-I¿, hnI-k\]h¿Ø-I¿, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°v ]c-º-cm-KX coXn-bn¬ \n∂pwkwcw`I-Xz-Øn-te°v amdn Nn¥n°m≥ Cu ]pkvXIw D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂vRm≥ ]Xo£n-°p∂p
F∂vhniz-kvX-XtbmsS,
tUm. Fkv. cmwIp-am¿Ub-d-IvS¿
]qt°mSv F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
BapJw
cmPyØv t]m´o≥ \yq\X aqe-ap≈ tcmK߃ h¿≤n®p hcp-tºmƒ Chbv°v sNe-hp-Ip-d-™-Xpw, Ffp-∏-Øn¬ A\p-h¿Øn-°m-hp∂Xpamb am¿§w ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. cmPyØv kkym-lm-c-tØ-°mƒ P\-߃ amwkm-lm-c-tØmSv Xmev]cyw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂v IW-°p-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.Cu cwKsØ hf¿®m \nc°v Im¿jnI taJ-e-tb-°mƒ 1.5 Cc´n IqSp-X-em-Wv. `£y-kp-c-£, £y-kp-c-£n-X-Xzw, kmº-ØnI amµyw XpS-ßnb BtKmf ]iv\-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ X\Xv ssien-bn¬ \n∂pamdn arK-kw-c-£W cwKØv kpÿnc hnI-k\w A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠XvIme-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ambn amdn-°-gn-™p.
D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS Xm¬]-cyw, hn]Wn F∂nh e£y-an-´p-≈Dev]m-Z\ ]Inb-bv°v Iq-Sp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. ssPh-Ir-jn, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXz \n_-‘-\-Iƒ, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\-߃,hn]-W\ km[y-X-Iƒ, KpW-\n-e-hmcw apX-emb Imcy-߃°v Du∂¬\¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Ch-bv°m-h-iy-amb hnh-c-߃ ÿnXnhnh-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ klnXw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ^manßv coXn-Iƒ ˛ hymh-km-bnIASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ F∂ KŸ-w arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°v Gsd ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
F∂vhniz-kvX-XtbmsS,
tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-[h-≥slUv, ]ªn-t°-j≥kv
]qt°mSv F‚¿]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
D≈-S°w
1 ]pXnb kao-]\w 11
2 arK-kw-c-£WØn\v km[y-Xtbdp∂p 17
3 hyh-km-b-h-XvI-c-Whp Ib-‰p-aXnbpw 23
4 hntZ-i- ^manßv co-Xn-Iƒ 26
5 BtKmf km[y-X-Iƒ 29
6 Dev]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m-≥ 33
7 hn]W\w imkvXobamIWw 35
8 ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-tºmƒ 39
9 Cd®n hyh-kmbw˛km[y-X-Iƒ 44
10 tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-a-Xn°v km[y-X-tb-dp∂p 47
11 _men D®tImSnbn¬ C¥y°v t\cnb t\´w 49
12 Ubdn ^man¬ \n∂v sshZypXnbpw 52
12 £oc-hn-]-Wn-bnse am-dp∂ ]h-W-X-Iƒ 54
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 11
]pXnb kao-]-\w
ImeØns\mØ am‰Øn\\pkcn®v Dev]mZ\w, hn]W\w
F∂nhbn¬ imkvXob kao]\w A\ph¿Øn®m¬ amXsa BtKmf
XeØnep≈ hnIk\w ayKkwc£W cwKØv C¥ybnepw
kyjvSn°m≥ Ignbp. BtKmfXeØn¬ a\pjycnepw ayK߃°pw
'Hscm‰ BtcmKyw' - One Health F∂ BibØn\v ]m[m\yw
e`n°ptºmƒ ayKkwc£W taJebn¬ tcmK\nb¥Øn\v IqSpX¬
]m[m\yw e`nt°≠Xp≠v. ASpØ ImeØmbn Xangv\mSv, I¿ÆmSI,
tIcfw,]pXpt®cn, B‘ F∂o Z£ntW¥y≥ kwÿm\ßfn¬
I∂pImenIfn¬ hym]Iambn I≠phcp∂ Ipfºp tcmKw
]mepev∏mZ\sØ ]XnIqeambn _m[n®n´p≠v. F∂m¬ tZiob
kºZvhyhÿbn¬ ayKkwcw£Ww, £ochnIk\w F∂nh
D]Poh\am¿§ambn amdptºmƒ Ipdbp∂ Dev]mZ\£aX cmPysØ
samØw B`y¥c Dev]mZ\sØ ]XnIqeambn _m[n°pw. Im¿jnI
taJebnse HcpiXam\w hf¿®bv°v 3--4% tØmfw ayKkwcw£W
taJe hf¿® ssIhcnt°≠Xp≠v.
ayKkwcw£W taJebnse hf¿®m\nc°v `£y[m\y
D¬]mZ\tØ°mƒ IqSpXemsW∂v ]T\߃ kqNn∏n°p∂p. ]m¬,
ap´, Cd®n, a’y Dev∏mZ\Øn¬ hf¿®m\nc°v 5% ¬ \n∂v 10% ambn
Db¿∂n´p≠v. temIØn¬ sh®v G‰hpw IqSpX¬ I∂pImenIfp≈
C¥ybnse 70% P\ßfpsSbpw hcpam\am¿§w Iyjnbpw
ayKkwcw£WhpamWv.
cmPysØ samØw B`y¥c Dev]mZ\Øn¬ 18000 tImSn cq]
kw`mh\sNøp∂ taJebmWv ayKkwcw£Ww. CXn¬ ]m¬,
]mep¬∏∂߃ F∂nh 70% tØmfw hcpw. Cd®n, Cd®nbp¬∏∂߃,
F∂nh 11.5% hpw, tImgnbnd®n 8.8% hpw NmWIw 7.8% hpw, ap´, XpI¬
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 12
F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. cmPyØv 70% P¥Pp\yD¬∏∂ßfpw
hn]WnbnseØn°p∂Xv 67% tØmfw sNdpInS \maamX I¿jIcpw
`qclnX I¿jI sXgnemfnIfpamWv. ayKkwcw£W taJebn¬
\n∂p≈ Dev∏∂ßfpsS aqeyw 2011-˛12 ¬ 4,59051 tImSntbmfw hcpw.
CXv samØw Im¿jnI Dev∏∂ßfpsS aqeyØns‚ 25.6% tØmfw hcpw.
C¥y temIØn¬ sht®‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]mepev∏mZn°p∂ cmPyamWv.
]Xnh¿j ]mep¬∏mZ\w 127.9 Zie£ IW°mWv. ]mens‚
]Xnio¿j D]t`mKw 281 KmamWv. CXv 2013 Ahkm\tØmsS 133
Zie£w IW°m°n Db¿Øm\mWv e£yan´ncn°p∂Xv. 2011-˛12 ¬
Dev]mZn∏n® ]mens‚ aqeyw 3,05,484 tImSn cq]bmWv.
C¥ybnse Cd®nbpev]mZ\w Xo¿Øpw AkwLSnX
taJebnemWv. h¿≤n®phcp∂ \Kch¬°cWw. Db¿∂ hcpam\w,
PohnX ssienbnep≈ am‰w, ]m°v sNbvX Cd®n, Cd®nbpev∏∂߃
F∂nhtbmSp≈ Xmev∏cyw F∂nh h¿≤n®p hcp∂p. 2011-˛12 ¬
Cd®nbpev∏∂Ønse hm¿jnI hf¿®m\nc°v 13 iXam\Øn
e[nIamWv. C¥ybn¬ Dev]mZn∏n® Cd®nbn¬ 54% hpw B´nd®nbpw,
sNΩcnbmSns‚ Cd®nbpw (a´¨) 20% t]mØnd®nbpw, 13%
tImgnbnd®nbpw, 7% ]∂nbnd®nbpamWv. samØw Cd®nbpev]mZ\w
5.5 Zie£w SÆmWv.
tImgnbnd®n Dev]mZ\taJebn¬ hf¿®m \nc°v hfsc
IqSpXemWv. 2011˛12 ¬ Dev]mZn∏n® Cd®nbpsS aqeyw 83641 tImSn
cq]tbmfw hcpw. Dev]mZn∏n°s∏Sp∂ ap´bpsS aqeyw 17,803 tImSn
cq]bmWv. ap´bpsS Ib‰paXnbneqsS 457.82 tImSn cq] hcpam\w
e`n®p hcp∂p.
Hcp ]iphn¬ \n∂pw ]XnZn\w 10˛20 IntemKmw NmWIw
e`n°pw. ]mNIØn\mbn 640 Zie£w S¨ NmWIw
D]tbmKn®phcp∂p. cmPyØv 25 Zie£w t]cmWv ayKkwc£W
taJebpambn _‘s∏´v ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. tImgn hf¿Ø¬
taJebn¬ 1.5 Zie£w t]¿ sXmgn¬ sNøp∂p. CXneqsS \nch[n
t]¿°v t\cn´pw ]tcm£ambpw sXmgn¬ e`n°p∂p.Dev]mZ\w, aqey
h¿≤nX Dev]∂\n¿ΩmWw, Ib‰paXn F∂nhbn¬ ayKkwc£W
taJebn¬ Gsd km[yXIfmWp≈Xv.
C∂v ]mepev∏mZ\sNehv A\pZn\w h¿≤n®p hcnIbmWv.
tIcfØn¬ ]mens‚ hnebn¬ 56% h¿≤\hp≠mIptºmƒ Ign™
aq∂c ]Xn‰m≠p Imebfhn¬ Xo‰bpsS hnebnep≠mb h¿≤\hv
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 13
225% Øne[nIamWv. £oc taJe kpÿncX ssIhcn°Wsa¶n¬
]pXnb am‰ßƒ Dƒs°m≠ps°m≠p≈ \b kao]\w ]≤Xn
cq]nIcWØn¬ BhiyamWv.
tIcfØn¬ ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂nhbpsS ]Xnio¿j
D]t`mKØnepw, e`yXbnepw h≥ A¥cw C∂v \ne\nev°p∂p. Ch
Ipd°m\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v ap≥KW\\evtI≠Xp≠v
D]t`mKw h¿≤n∏n°m≥ Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n∏nt® aXnbmIp. F∂m¬
Ipd™ sNehn¬ IqSpX¬ Dev]mZ\w km[yamIm\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v
ap≥KW\ \evIWw.ÿmbnbmb ayKkwc£W coXnIƒ
kmºØnIw, kmaqlnIw, ]mcnÿnXnIw F∂o aq∂p LSIßsf
Bibn®ncn°p∂p.
hn]Wn e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\]Inb
tZiob Im¿jnI hnIk\\bØns‚ `mKambn hn]Wn
e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\ ]Inb°v ]m[m\yw \¬Inhcp∂p. CXn\mbn
hn]Wnbv°v Du∂¬ \¬Inbp≈ hn⁄m\hym]\ ]h¿Ø\߃
BhiyamWv.
BtKmfhXvIyX bpKØn¬ Km´ v/ Bknbm≥
Icmdnepƒs∏SpØn Dev∏∂ßfpsS Ib‰paXn, hym]mcw F∂nhbv°v
km[yXItfsdbp≠v. F∂m¬ Ch KpWta∑tbmsS
hn]WnbnseØnt°≠Xp≠v. `£ykpc£, `£ykpc£nXXzw
F∂nhbv°v IqSpX¬ ]m[m\yw e`n®p hcp∂ C°meØv A¥mcmjvS
hn]Wn ssIøS°Wsa¶n¬ Dev∏∂߃ KpWta∑tbmsS
D]t`m‡mhns‚ ssIIfnseØn°Ww.
`£ykpc£, `£ykpc£nXXzw
Food safety and standards act 2006 A\pkcn®p≈ \n_‘\Iƒ
]men°Ww. `£ykwkvIyX taJebn¬ cmPyØns‚ hf¿®m\nc°v
18% Øne[nIamWv. B‚ n_tbm´n°pIƒ, IoS\min\nIƒ,
temlmwi߃ XpSßnbh Dev∏∂ßfn¬ ip]m¿i sNøp∂
Afhnepw Ipdhmbncn°Ww.
Customized Productionaqeyh¿≤nX Dev∏∂\n¿ΩmWØn\v IpSpX¬ t]m’ml\w
BhiyamWv. D]t`m‡m°ƒ°mbnWßnb Dev]∂ßfmWv
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 14
hn]WnbnseØnt°≠Xv. sImgp∏v Ipd™ ]m¬, ]mepev∏∂߃,
Cd®n, Cd®nbpev∏∂߃, t^m¿´nss^Uv ap´Iƒ F∂nhbn¬
NneXmWv. Customized Production \v ]m[m\yw \¬IWw. Ip´nIsf
e£yan´p≈ tNmIvtf‰pIƒ CXn\pZmlcWamWv.
BtcmKyZmbIhpw t]mjIkw]pjvShpamb Dev∏∂߃
\n¿Ωn°Ww. P¥pP\y `£y hkvXp°fpsS Cd°paXn h¿≤n®p
hcptºmƒ KpWt∑abp≈ Dev∏∂߃ `£y kpc£nXXz
\nbaa\pkcn®v hn]WnbnseØn°p∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v
ap≥KW\\¬IWw. ]m¬s∏mSn , t]mØnd®n F∂nhbv°v
A¥mcmjvS hn]Wnbn¬ km[yXItfsdbp≠v. C¥y≥ t]mØnd®n
\mcpIfp≈Xpw, sImgp∏pIpd™Xpw kzmZnjvShpamWv.
AWpIpSpw_߃ h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°meØv BhiyØn\nWßnb
D¬∏∂߃ e`yam°m≥ Divisibility X¥ßƒ ]mh¿ØnIam°Ww.
sImgp∏pIpd™ Cd®n e`yam°m≥ apb¬, ImS hf¿Ø¬
t]m¬kmln∏n°Ww. Hcp Iyjnbn¬ \n∂p≈ AhinjvS߃ a‰p
Iyjn°p≈ AkwkvIyX hkvXphmIp∂ kwtbmPnX Iyjn coXn
hn]pes∏SpØWw. apb¬, Xmdmhv, ]®°dn Iyjn, a’yw, Xmdmhv
I∂pImen hf¿Ø¬ XpSßnbh kwtbmPnX Iyjnbnepƒs∏SpØmw.
Htc ÿeØv hnhn[ ^manwK v coXnIƒ A\ph¿Øn°p∂
kΩniIyjn ]mh¿ØnIam°mhp∂XmWv.
`£y kpc£m ]Xnk‘n \ne\nev°ptºmƒ Dev∏mZ\w
h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v IqSpX¬ Du∂¬ \¬IWw.
I∂pImenIfpsS FÆw h¿≤n∏n®pw Dev∏mZ\£aX Db¿Ønbpw
CXvv km[yam°mw.
Dev∏mZ\w IqSpXepw sNdpInS kwc`ßfn¬ \n∂pw
Dev∏mZ\w IqSpXepw sNdpInS kwc`ßfn¬ \n∂pamWv.
sFIycmjvS kwLSbpsS Iognep≈ £y Im¿jnI kwLS\ £y
kpc£ Dd∏p hcpØm≥ 70% Øne[nIhpw sNdpInS I¿jIsc
t]m’mln∏n°psa∂v \njv°¿jn°p∂p. kmib kwL
ßfneqsSbp≈ ayKkwc£W ]h¿Ø\߃°v ]m[m\yw
\¬t°≠Xp≠v.
tZiob £oc hnIk\ t_m¿Uv Dev∏mZ\w h¿≤n∏n°p
∂Xn\mbn Dev∏mZI klIcW kwL߃ Bcw`n®p hcp∂p.
Dev]mZI klIcW kwL߃, Dev∏∂߃ e£yan´p≈ com-
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 15
modity interest group F∂nh t]m’mln∏n°Ww.
sXmgn¬ kwc`IXzw
hyhkmbnImSnÿm\Ønep≈ ^manwKv t]m’mln∏n°m≥
sXmgn¬ kwc`IXzw (Entrepreneurship) \v IqSpX¬ ]cnKW\
BhiyamWv. Ch kpÿnc Iyjnbv°v ]m[m\yw e`n°p∂
coXnbnembncn°Ww. ]pXnb kwc`I¿°v ]cnioe\w
AXy¥mt]£nXamWv. Dev∏mZ\£aX Db¿Øm\p≈ kmt¶XnI
hnZyIƒ KthjW ÿm]\ßfn¬ \n∂pw I¿jIcnseØnbncn°Ww.
DZmlcWambn Idh ]ip°ƒ°v ]khØn\v Hcp amkw aptºm
]khn®v 10˛masØ Znhkhpw hnc acp∂v \¬Ip∂Xv hgn
]mepev]mZ\Øn¬ ]XnZn\w Ht∂Im¬ en‰dns‚ h¿≤\hp≠mIpw.
IqensNehv h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°meØv b¥hXvIyX ^manwKv
coXnIƒ A\ph¿Øn°mw. Dev∏mZ\sNehv Ipd°m\pw Dev∏∂߃
KpWta∑tbmsS e`yam°m\pw CXv D]Icn°pw. F∂m¬ ]q¿Æambpw
b¥hXv°cn® sslsS°v ^mapIƒ°v sNethsdbmWv.
AanXamb B‚n_tbm´n°pIfpsSbpw IoS\min\nIfpsSbpw
D]tbmKw Ipd®ps°m≠p≈ ssPh Iyjn tImgn hf¿Ø¬, t]mØn≥
Ip´n hf¿Ø¬, kwtbmPnX Iyjn taJeIfn¬ ]mh¿ØnIam°mw.
ssPhfw D]tbmKn®p≈ kotdm_P‰v Iyjn°v km[yXItfsdbp≠v.
Cd®n imkvXob coXnbn¬ Dev∏mZn∏n°m≥ imkvXob
AdhpimeIƒ, Adhp ]cntim[\Iƒ, Adhp ]InbIƒ F∂nh
BhiyamWv. Cd®nbpsS D]t`mKw tIcfØn¬ h¿≤n®p hcp∂Xmbn
IW°pIƒ kqNn∏°p∂p. KpWta∑tbmsS ]m°v sNbvX Cd®n
D]t`m‡m°ƒ°v e`yam°m\p≈ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂XneqsS
P¥pP\y tcmK߃ \nb¥n°mw.
Ãm¿´∏v Iº\nIƒ
sFSn taJebn¬ Ãm¿´∏v Iº\nIƒ Bcw`n°p∂Xpt]mse
I∂pImen hf¿Øenepw Ãm¿´∏v kwc`߃°v ]k‡nbp≠v tImƒ
\neßfn¬ Iyjn, ayKkwcw£Ww, a’yIyjn F∂nh
ka\bn∏n®p≈ Ãm¿´∏v kwc`߃ XpSßmhp∂XmWv. tImgnbnd®n,
]m¬, ]mepev∏∂߃, tImgnap´, ]®°dn XpSßnb \nch[n
Dev∏∂߃ hn]W\w \SØmw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 16
]mcnÿnXnI ]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°m≥ imkvXnb am¿§ßƒ
]mcnÿnXnI ]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°m≥ sXmgpØv
\n¿ΩmWØnepw ]cn]me\Ønepw imkvXnb am¿§ßƒ
Ahew_nt°≠Xp≠v. ayKkwc£W ^manwKv coXnIƒ C∂v
IqSpXembn aen\oIcW `ojWn t\cnSp∂p. kpÿnc Iyjnbn¬
amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\Øn\v ]m[m\yw \¬IWw. ^manse
AhinjvS߃ ^e]Zambn kwkv°cn®v hnetbdnb Dev∏∂߃
\n¿Ωn°mw. _tbmKymkv πm‚neqsS ]mNI hmXIw, sshZyqXn
F∂nh \n¿Ωn°mw. Cd®nt°mgn AhinjvSßfn¬ \n∂v •nkdn≥,
_tbmUok¬ F∂nh \n¿Ωn°mw. ssPhhfw kwkv°cn®v
DZym\Iyjnbv°pw, ]®°dnIyjnbv°pw th≠n hn]W\w \SØmw.
tKmaqXw, ]©Khyw F∂nh ssPhIyjnbv°pw,Bbp¿t∆Zacp∂p
\n¿ΩmWØn\pw D]tbmKn°mw. ^man¬ \n∂pw ]mgmbnt∏mIp∂
sh≈w kwkv°cn®v ho≠pw D]tbmKn°mw. Adhpimebn¬ \n∂p≈
AhinjvSßfn¬ \n∂v hnetbdnb F√ps∏mSnbpw, acp∂pIfpw
\n¿Ωn°mhp∂XmWv.
kmwIanI tcmKßfmb IpfºptcmKw, IpceS∏≥ apXembh
\nb¥n°m≥ tcmK\nb¥Ww, ]cythjWw F∂nhbv°v ap¥nb
]cnKW\\¬IWw. Dev∏mZ\w h¿≤n∏n°m≥ km‰sse‰v ^manwKv
coXnIfpw XpSßmhp∂XmWv. hntIµIyXmkqXWØn¬
`qanimkvX]]camb ]m[m\yw IW°nseSpØps°m≠p≈
ayKkcw£W coXnIƒ Bhojv°cn°p∂Xv `£y kpc£
\ne\n¿Øm≥ klmbn°pw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 17
arK-kw-c-£WØn\v km[y-Xtbdp∂p
cmPyØv arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-Je Im¿jnI taJ-e-sb-°mƒ H∂c
Cc´n hf¿®m \nc°v tcJ-s∏-SpØn hcp-∂p. I∂pImen hf¿Ø¬
]cºcmKXambn cmPysØ Im¿jnI hrØnbpsS `mKamWv. C¥y≥
kºZv hyhÿbn¬ Cu taJ-e-bpsS kzm[o\w Nn√-d-b-√. 2010 se
tZiob kmºnƒ k¿s∆-b\p-k-cn®v 16.5 Zi-e£w P\-ß-fmWv cmPyØv
arK-kw-c-£W taJ-ebn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂-Xv. 90 Zi-e£w Id-h-am-Sp-
Isf hf¿Øn hcp-∂p. 73% tØmfw KmaoW P\X I∂p-Im-en-
hf¿Øente¿s∏´p hcp-∂p.
kvXoI-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ 77% amWv. Im¿jnI
taJ-e-bn-enXv 33% amX-am-Wv. Irjn-bn¬ 3 Zi-e£w kvXoIƒ
sXmgn¬ sNøp-tºmƒ arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn-enXv 75 Zi-e-£-am-Wv.
arK-ß-fpsS kz`m-hw, Xo‰, Xo‰Iaw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw Ch¿°v hy‡-
amb [mc-W-bp-≠v. cmPysØ samØw Im¿jnI hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 28.4%
kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂Xv arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bmWv. CXv samØw B`y-
¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 5.26%tØmfw hcpw.
Arid taJ-e-bn¬ Im¿jnI taJ-e-bpsS 11% hpw, Semi Arid taJ-
e-bn¬ 40% hpw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e- kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂p. t]mj-I-
k-ºp-jvS-amb £-Ww, XpI¬, tcmaw, F√v, c‡w, sImgp∏v, a‰p Dt]m-
ev]-∂-߃ F∂nh Cu taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv.
2011˛12 se samØw ]mens‚ hne 2,62214 tImSn cq]tbmfw
hcpw. CXv s\√v, tKmX-ºv, Icnºv F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ samØw hcp-
am-\-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-Wv. arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p≈
samØw hcp-am\-Øn¬ 67% ]mepw, ]mep-ev]-∂-ßfpamWv. CXv samØw
Im¿jnI B`y-¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 18%tØmfw hcpw. temI-Øn¬
sht®-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ C¥ybnse hm¿jnI ]mep-
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 18
ev]m-Z\w 121.8 Zi-e£w SÆn-e-[n-I-am-Wv. ]mens‚ ]Xn-io¿j D]-
t`mKw 267 Kmam-Wv. samØw Dev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ 17% P¥p-P\y Dev]∂ß-
fm-Wv. ap´-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ C¥y°v temIØv 3˛mw ÿm\-am-Wp-
≈-Xv. 63 _n√y\mWv hm¿jn-I- ap-´-bp¬]m-Z\w. temI-Øn¬ sht®-
‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Fcp-a-I-fp-≈Xv C¥ybn-emWv (56.7%) ]ip-°fpsS FÆw
12.5% amWv. C¥y°v kz¥-ambn 34 I∂p-Imen P\p- p-Ifpw 12 Fcpa
P\p- p-I-fp-ap-≠v.
]mepw, ]mep-ev]-∂-ßfpw Ncn-Xm-XoXImew apX¬s° C¥y≥
kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ `m-K-ambn amdn-°-gn-™p. ssXcv, tbmK¿´v, shÆ,
s\øv, ]\o¿, Nokv, tImh, ]mbkw F∂nh X\Xv ]mep-ev]-∂ßfmWv.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bv°p≈ apJy LS-I-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv NmW-Iw. CXv
samØw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-ebpsS B`y-¥c Dev]mZ\-Øns‚ 9%
tØmfw hcpw. tKmaq-X-Øn\v Bbp¿t∆-Z-Øn¬ hn]-W\ km[y-X-tb-
sd-bm-Wv. Dg-hp-ti-jn-bn-eqsS 440000 MW sshZyp-Xn°v Xpey-amb
Du¿÷w Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw.
F∂m¬ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bnse ]≤-Xn-hn-lnXw Im¿jnI
taJ-esb At]-£n®v Ipd-hm-Wv. 12% Public expenditure on AgricultureamXsa Cu taJ-ebv°v e`n-bv°p-∂p-≈q.
arK-Nn-In’m cwKØpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-tf-sd-bp-≠v. DØ-tc-¥y≥
kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ tkh\ e`y-X-bn¬ anI® A¥cw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
samØw Irjn sNøm-hp∂ ÿe-Øns‚ 4.6% ÿeØv amXsa Xo‰-
∏p√v Irjn sNbvXp hcp-∂p-≈q. ssht°m¬, Jcm-lm-cw, ]®-∏p√v F∂n-
h-bpsS £maw bYm-Iaw 10, 33, 35 iX-am-\-am-Wv. Xo‰-s®-ehv A\p-
Zn\w h¿≤n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. ]P-\-\-cw-KØpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp≠v.
C¥y-bnse X\Xv P\p- p-I-ƒ Ata-cn-°, BkvtS-en-b, \yqkn-em‚ v,
_ko¬, _ƒtK-dnb F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ anI® P\p- p-I-fmbn amdn-
°-gn-™p. kln-hmƒ, Kn¿, Im≥I-sd-Pv, Xm¿]m¿°¿, lcn-bm\ F∂n-
h-Chbn¬s∏-Spw. IrXn-a-_oP k¶-e-\w, _oPw kq£n-°¬, ]h¿Ø-
\-an-I-hns‚ A`mhw F∂n-hbpw Cu cwK-Øp-≠v.
]mep-ev]m-Z-\-s®-ehpw A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Cu
taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p≈ em`hn-lnXw Ipd™p hcp-∂p. Imem-hÿm hyXn-
bm-\w, aÆns‚ -^e`q-bn-jvT-X-bn-ep≈ Ipd-hv, h¿≤n® P\-km-µX
apX-embh Xo‰-∏p¬ Irjn-bv°p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬
D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ ]m¬hne Db¿Øp-tºmƒ FXn¿∏v ]I-Sn-∏n®p hcp-
∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 19
imkvXob hn]-W\ kwhn -[m\w P¥p -P\y Dev] -∂-
߃°mhiy-am-Wv. Ib-‰p-a-Xn, Cd-°p-a-Xn, kwkv°-c-Ww, hn]-W-\w,
hmbv], hne, apX¬ apS°v, `uXoI kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬ anI®
X¥-߃ Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°-Ww.
P\-ß-fpsS hmßm-\p≈ tijn h¿≤n-°p∂Xpw Bh-iy-IX
Db-cp∂Xpw arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-ebv°v Icp-tØ-Ip-∂p. £-Ww, t]mj-
Ww, Xo‰, Xo‰-∏p-√v, ^e`q-bn-jvT-X, PohnX \ne-hm-cw, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI
kpc£ F∂nhbneq-∂nbp≈ X¥-߃ cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø¬ I¿j-I-cpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\pw, kpÿn-c-Xbv°pw
Du∂¬ \¬In-bmte `£y kpc£ Dd∏p hcp-Øm≥ km[n°q!
`£y-kp-c-£ -_n¬ ]mh¿Øn-I-am-b-tXmsS C¥y-bn¬ Gsd
km[y-X-I-fp≈ taJ-e-I-fn-sem-∂mWv- arK-kw-c-£-Ww. Irjn B≠n¬
120 sXmgn¬ Zn\-߃ amXw ]Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-
e-bn¬ \n∂pw 365 sXmgn¬ Zn\-߃ e`n-°p∂p F∂Xv Cu taJ-e-
bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. Ipd™ ÿeØv Ffp-∏-Øn¬
em`w sImøm-\p-X-Ip∂ LS-I-ß-fmWv arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn-ep-≈-
Xv.
]m¬, ap´, Cd®n, Ch-bpsS DXv]-∂-߃, XpI¬, XpI-ep-ev]-
∂-߃, F√p-s]m-Sn, Pem-‰n≥ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS Dd-
hnSw arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-JeXs∂-bmWv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ t]m´o≥
\yq\-X-aq-e-ap≈ tcmK-߃ hnI-kzc, Ahn-I-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ IqSp-
X-embn I≠p hcp-∂p. kky-t]m-´o-\ns\ At]-£n®v Chbv°v G‰hpw
\√ ]Xn-hn[n P¥-P-\y-t]m-´o-\ns‚ D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-∏n-°pI F∂-
Xm-Wv. ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS e`y-Xbpw Bh-iy-I-Xbpw XΩn-
ep≈ A¥cw BtKmf, tZiob, kwÿm\ Xe-ßfn¬ Gsd hep-
XmWv. Im¿jn-tIm-Xv]-∂-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Cu cwK-
Øp≈ DXv]-∂-°Ωn 200 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[n-I-am-Wv. CXv arK-kw-c-£W
taJ-e-bn-ep≈ A\¥km[y-X-Iƒ°v sXfn-hm-Wv.
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ \nc-h[n D]-hn- m-K-ß-fp≈ arK-kw-c-£-WtaJ-
e-bn¬ 80 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[nIw h\nXm ]¶m-fn-Øap≠v.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ I∂p-Im-en-I-fp≈ C¥ybn¬
460 Zi-e£w I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw, 360 Zi-e£w tImgn-I-fp-ap-≠v. Cu
cwKsØ hm¿jnI hf¿®m \nc°v 4˛5% BWv. ap´-bp-Xv]m-Z\w, tImgn-
bn-d®n DXv]m-Z\w F∂n-h-bn¬ C¥y°v bYm-Iaw aq∂pw A©pw ÿm-
\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ C¥y ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 20
C¥y-bnse hm¿jnI ]mep-ev]m-Z\w 104 Zi-e£w SÆn-e-[n-I-
am-Wv. samØw hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 42.5% `£-W-Øn-\p-th≠n sNe-h-gn-
°p-∂p. CXn¬ 24.5% ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n DXv]-∂-߃°v th≠n-bm-Wv.
(]m¬, ]mep-ev]-∂-߃ ˛ 18.2%, Cd-®n, ap´, a’yw ˛6.3%). ]´-W-ß-fn-
enXv 28% Øne-[n-I-am-Wv. [m\y-߃°p th≠n 23.4% amXta sNe-hn-
Sp-∂p≈q!
temI-Øn¬ Hmtcm an\p-´nepw 251 t]¿ P\n-°p-∂-Xmbpw 106
t]¿ acn-°p-∂-Xmbpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hmtcm h¿jhpw 76 Zi-e£w
Ip´n-I-fmWv P\n-°p-∂-Xv. 2020-˛-HmSp IqSn temI -P-\-kwJy 7.8-˛9.2
_n√y≥ BIm-\mWv km[y-X. Cu Ime-b-f-hnse h¿[n® t]m´o≥
Bh-iy-I-Xbv°v Bi-bn-°m-hp-∂Xv ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n DXv]-∂-ß-sf-
bmWv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Cu e£y-an-´p≈ DXv]m-Z\ X¥-߃°v ap≥K-
W\ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Production, Population, Policies F∂n-h-b-S-ßnb 3PStrategies CXn-\m-h-iy-amWv.
A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn¬ P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hym]m-c-
Øn\v A\¥ km[y-X-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv. F∂m¬ temI hym]m-c-°-cm-dns‚
\n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°m-\p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw hnI-knX cmPy-߃ A\p-
h¿Øn®phcp∂ k_vknUn \nb-¥-Whpw Cu km[y-Xbv°v aß-
te¬∏n-°p-∂p. Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Db¿Øn Cu taJ-e-bnse km[y-X-
Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏- -h-bmWv ]m¬, Cd-®n, ap´,
XpI¬, Iºnfn DXv]-∂-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h. BtKm-f-hym-]m-c-°-cm-dns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ artKm-Xv]-∂-߃
A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn¬ btYjvSw hn]-W\w \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. DXv]m-
Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-hmb, k_vknUn sh´n-°p-d® hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fnse
DXv]-∂-ß-tf-°mƒ Ipd™ hnebv°v hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
Ch A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øp-∂p. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ kwc-
£Ww F∂ t]cn¬ I¿j-I¿°v AZriy k_vknUn \¬Inhcp-∂-
Xn-\m¬ DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Xptemw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]ip-h-f¿Ø-en\v 200%
hsc k_vknUn \¬In hcp∂ cmPy-ß-fp-≠v. AhnsS \n∂p≈ DXv]-
∂-ß-sf-Øp∂ hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Xosc Ipd™
\nc-°n-ep-am-Wv.
£otcm-ev]-∂-߃ 5˛6% amXta A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wnbn¬
hym]mcw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q. bqtdm-∏v, \yqkn-em≥Uv, BkvtS-en-b,
Ata-cn° F∂o cmPy-ß-fmWv 66% ]m¬-s∏mSn (Whole milk powder) 75%
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 21
shÆ,- Nokv F∂nh Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂-Xv. bqtdm-∏nepw, Ata-cn-°-
bnepw Nokns‚ Cd-°p-aXn bYm-Iaw 2%˛hpw 5%˛hpw amX-am-Wv.
A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-tb-°mfpw Db¿∂ Xmßp-hne \¬In-bmWv
bqtdm-∏v, Ata-cn-°, P∏m≥, Im\U apX-emb cmPy-ß-fn¬ £otcm-
ev]m-Z\, Cd®n kwkvI-cW taJe \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. bqtdm-∏v, Im\U
F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ shÆbv-°p-≈ Cd-°p-aXn Xocph bYm-Iaw 100%˛-
hpw 500%˛hpamWv. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn-enXv 40-˛60%˛Øn¬ Xmsg-
amXamWv !
Ign™ ]Xn-‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ Cd®n Dev]-∂-߃, ]mep-
ev]-∂-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xnbn¬ bYm-Iaw 253%, 549% h¿≤-
\hv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. XpI¬, Iºnfn F∂n-h-bnenXv 77% hpw
33˛%hpam-Wv.
BtKmfhym]m-c-°-cm-dns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
ssPh-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZy IqSp-X¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Kth-
j-W-]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v B°w Iq´p-Ibpw thWw.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hn¬°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]∂n-bn-d-®n-
bm-Wv. F∂m¬, C¥y-bn¬ tImgn-bn-d-®n-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-X-eØn¬ Xs∂
]∂n-bn-d-®nsb c≠mw ÿm\-tØ°v X≈n-s°m≠v tImgn-bn-d-®n-bpsS
D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ \n∂p≈ t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-
Xn°v Db¿∂ km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. sImgp∏v Ipdhpw `m¥n-∏-ip-tcm-K-an-√m-
bvabpw t]mØn-d-®n-bpsS Ib-‰p-aXn km[yX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.
B´n-d-®n°v C∂v \√ hn]-W-\-km-[y-X-bp-≠v. Ab¬ kwÿm-
\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hc-hn-√m-ØXpw h¿[n® Bh-iy-I-Xbpw mhn-bn¬ tIc-
f-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-bv°p≈ A\¥ km[y-X-Iƒ Db¿Øn-°m-´p-∂p.
IqSmsX B´n-d-®n°pw (Chevon) sNΩ-cn-bm-Sn-d-®nbv°pw (mutton) A¥m-
cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn-te°v h≥ Ib-‰p-aXn km[y-X-I-fn-∂p-≠v.
`£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw (Food safety) A¥m-cmjvS Xe-Øn¬ Xs∂
Gsd N¿® sNbvXp hcp-∂p. P¥p-P\y D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬
DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ D]-t`mKw hsc KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-
iy-IXbnte-°mWv A¥m-cmjvS hn]Wn hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂Xv!. IoS-\m-
in-\n-Iƒ, B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS tXmXv \nb-¥nX ]cn-
[n-bnepw Ipd-bv°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Imen-Øo-‰-bn¬ P¥p-P\y t]m´o≥
tN¿°mØ, arK-kw-c-£W coXn-bm-Wm-hiyw. £y-kp-c-£m-am¿K-߃
N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ sNdp-In-S, \ma-amX I¿j-I¿°v DXv]m-Z\w
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 22
apX¬ hn]-W-\w-hsc Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ ]cn-]m-e\ X¥-߃ Bh-
iy-am-Wv.
P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS kpc-£n-XXzw hne-bn-cp-Øm≥
A¥m-cmjvS Xe-Øn-ep≈ aq∂v GP≥kn-I-fmWv WTO, Codex, OIEF∂nh. DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ hn]-W\w hsc-bp≈ B[p-\nIhXvI-cWw
`£y-kp-c-£nX-Xzhpw KpW-ta-∑bpw Dd-∏m-°pw. CXn-\mbn GMP (GoodManufacturing Practices), HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points),SOP, GRP (Good Retail Practices) F∂nh A\p-h¿Øn-°-Ww. DXv]m-Z-\-s®-
ehv Ipd-bv°m-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Residue Monotoring, self Monitoring System,Customer Satisfaction Needs F∂nh Bh-iy-am-Wv.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ DXv]-∂-߃°v IqSnb Cd-°p-
aXn Xocph Npa-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ib-‰p-a-Xnbv°v Db¿∂ k_vkn-
Unbpw C¥y \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. SPS (Sanitory and physto Sanitary) \n_-‘-
\-Iƒ ]men-°p∂-tXm-sSm∏w Db¿∂ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥
km[n-°pw. 2020-˛-Hm-Sp-IqSn C¥y°v temI `£y-irwJ-e-bn¬ Gsd
apt∂-dm≥ CXv klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Food safty and standards Act 2006 \nehn¬
h∂-tXmsS £y-kw-kvI-c-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ Gsd km[y-X-I-fmWv ssIh-
∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 23
hyh-km-b-h-XvI-c-Whp Ib-‰p-aXnbpw
hyh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ arK-kw-c-£W coXn-Iƒ°v
cmPy-Øp-S-\ofw ]m[m-\y-ta-dn-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Cu am‰w tIc-f-Ønepw
Zriy-ambn XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. CXv a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v arK-kw-cw-£-W
hIp∏v kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ \nt£-]I kwK-a-߃, ^manßv coXn-Iƒ,
]cn-N-cW am¿§-߃, em`\-jvS-°-W-°p-Iƒ, DXv]-∂-ssh-hn-[y-h-XvI-
c-Ww, Ib-‰p-a-Xn, ssPh-Irjn, ^mw Sqdn-kw, aen-\o-I-cW \nb-¥Ww,
b¥-h-XvI-c-Ww, kmº-ØnI klmbw, k_vkn-Un-Iƒ XpS-ßnb hnj-
b-ß-fn¬ Du∂¬ \¬In hcp-∂p.
hmWnPym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ^mw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v sh≈w,
sshZyp-Xn, KXm-K-X ku-Icyw
F∂n -hbv°v ap≥K-W\
\¬IWw. Xo‰-∏p√v Irjn-sN-
øm-hp∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ ^mw
IqSp-X¬ em`I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Ipd™ sNe-hn¬
sXmgpØv, IqSv F∂nh \n¿Ωn-
°-Ww. ^mans‚ `uXnI
kuI-cy-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-
\mbn h≥XpI hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-
cp-Xv. P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ hn]-W\w hsc £y-
kp-c-£m-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°-Ww. Good Retail Practices (GRP) AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. DXv]∂ sshhn-[y-h¬°-cWw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°-Ww.
Ib-‰p -aXn e£y-an´ v ]h¿Øn-°p∂ ^map -Iƒ `£y
kpc£nXXz (Food safety) \n_-‘-\-Iƒ I¿i-\-ambn ]men-°Ww.
amen\y \n¿am¿÷-\-Øn\v ÿmbn-bmb kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 24
^map-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ Bcw-`n-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\-
Øn\v ap¥nb ]cn-K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
ssPthm-ev]-∂-ß-tfm-Sp≈ D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS XmXv]cyw ssPh-
Ir-jn -ta-Je (Organic farming) bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssPh-
Ir-jnbv°p th≠ apJy LS-Ißfn-sem∂v I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø-emWv.
]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßnb hnt\mZ k©mc hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Ct°m-
Sq-dn-k-Øns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ ^mw Sqdn-k-Øn\pw Gsd km[y-X-I-fp-≠v.
tIc-f-Ønse Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ, mw ^jv DXv]-∂-߃, cpNn-°p∂ £y-
hn- -h-߃ F∂nh ka-\z-bn-∏n®v mw Sqdnkw hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
]∂n-^m-ap-I-fnse amen\y ]iv\-߃ C∂v Gsd N¿® sNø-
s∏´p hcp-∂p. CXn-\mbn aen-\o-I-cW \nb-¥W t_m¿Uns‚ \n_-
‘-\-Ifpw ]men-°-Ww. ^mw XpS-ßm-\m-h-iy-amb aqe-[-\-Øns‚ 5˛8
iX-am-\-tØmfw amen\y \n¿am¿÷-\-Øn\v \o°n hbvt°≠n hcpw.
DXv]-\vß-fpsS KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Pn.-F¬.]n. GLP (GoodLaboratory Practices) D≈ et_m-d-´-dn-Iƒ Bcw`n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. sk≥S¬
C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v ^nj-dokv sSIvt\m-fPn (CIFT) bpsS kl-I-c-W-
tØmsS arK-kw-c-£-W-h-Ip∏ns‚ ssehvtÃm°v s]mUIvSvkv
C≥kvs]-£≥ em_v sIm®n-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.
Cd®n kwkvI-cW˛hn-]-W\ taJ-e-I-fn¬ tIc-f-Øn\v A\¥
km[y-X-I-fm-Wn-∂p-≈Xv. DXv]∂ sshhn-[y-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-eqsS Dt]m-
Xv]-∂-߃ ]mgm-ImsX kwkvI-cn-°mw.
GXp ^manßv coXnbv°pw Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-°-fpsS e`y-
X-bmWv ][m-\w. tIcfØnse Imem-h-ÿ-bv°n-W-ßnb I∂p-Imen
P\p- p-Iƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Xmc-X-tay\ A¥-co-£-Xm-
]-\ne Ipd™ ae-tbm-c-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ ip≤-P-\p- p-Isf hf¿Øm-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ a‰p taJ-e-I-fn¬ k¶-c-bn\w tPgvkn, tlmƒkv‰o≥
^ojy≥ C\-߃°v ]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.
BSp-h-f¿Ø-en¬ ae-_m-dn, A -∏mSn ªm°v, k¶-c-bn\w F∂n-
hsb t]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Xcn-imbn°nS-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬
Xo‰-∏p√v Irjn sNbvXv hcp-am\w t\Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
km£-c-X-bn¬ ap∂n´p \n¬°p∂ tIc-f-Øn\v `£y-kp-c-
£bn¬ Gsd apt∂-dm\p≠v. Bh-iy-amb Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS 55 iX-am-
\-tØmfw kao-IrX Xo‰ amXta tIc-f-Øn¬ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≈q. _m°n Ab¬ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv tIc-f-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.
Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS KpW-ta∑ DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øm≥
klm-bn-°pw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 25
Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-amb amwk-Øn\p _Zembn apb-en-d-
®n°v ]m[m-\y-ta-dn-h-cp-∂p. Ipd™ sImf-Ãvsdm-fns‚ Afhpw IqSnb
]P-\-\-\n-c°pw IqSp-X¬ em`w e`n-°m≥ hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p.
BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ Cd-®n, ]m¬, ap´
F∂nh KpW-ta-∑-tbmsS Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ \n¿Ωn®v hn]-Wn-bn-se-
Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
^map-I-fn¬ b¥-h-Xv°-cWw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂Xv DXv]∂
ipNnXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m\pw
klm-bn-°pw. kwtbm-PnX Irjn, kΩni Irjn F∂n-h-bpsS km[y-
X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 26
hntZ-i- manßv co-Xn-Iƒ
hnIknXcm-Py-ßfn¬ I∂p-Imen hf¿Ø-en¬ ]men\pw Cd-
®n°pw th≠n sht∆sd C\-߃ Xs∂-bp-≠v. ]mep-Xv]m-Z\w e£y-
an´v hntZ-i-P-\p- p-I-fmb tPgvkn, tlmƒÃo≥ ^ojy≥, sKc≥kn
apX-em-b-hsb hf¿Øn hcp-∂p.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fnse arK-]-cn-]m-e\ coXn-Iƒ XnI®pw hyXy-
kvX-am-Wv. ta®n¬ ]pd-߃ btY-jvS-ap≈ ChnsS h≥In-S-^m-ap-I-fn-
em-bmWv ]ip, BSv, sNΩ-cn-bm-Sv, ]∂n, tImgn, S¿°n F∂n-hsb
hf¿Øp-∂-Xv.
Hcp ^man¬ Ipd-™Xv 500 ]ip-°-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-Ipw. hnf-sh-
Sp-∏n\p tij-ap≈ tNmfw, tNmf-s∏mSn, Im¿jnI Dt]m-Xv]-∂-߃,
tKmXºv XpS-ßnb Xo‰ hkvXp-°ƒ°pw tNcp-h-Iƒ°pw ChnsS £ma-
an-√. Hmtcm ÿe-sØbpw Xo‰ hkvXp-°-fpsS e`y-X-b-\p-kcn®mWv
Imen-h-f¿Ø¬ coXn-Iƒ. t]m´o≥ Im-en-Øo‰ e`n-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬
Cd-®n-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ C\-߃, `£y-kw-kvI-cW bqWn-‰n\v kao]w
]∂n hf¿Ø¬ F∂nh A\p-h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\pw,
Cd-®n-bp-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\pw ]tXyIw taJ-e-I-fp-≠v. I∂p-Im-en-^m-ap-Iƒ
\Kc ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v amdn ]m¥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-em-Wv. \K-c-ß-fn¬
Hma-\-ar-KßfmWv IqSp-X¬.
^map-Iƒ b¥-h-XvIr-Xhpw Iw]yq-´¿hXvIr-XhpamWv. IpSpw-
_mw-K-߃ Xs∂-bmWv ^mw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Imen-t^m¿Wn-b-bnepw
s]≥kn¬hm-\n-b-bnepw Family Labour System ]mh¿Øn-I-am°n hcp-∂p.
hn]Wn e£y-an-´p≈ DXv]m-Z\ ]In-b-bmWv \SØn hcp-∂-
Xv. h≥InS £y-irw-J-e-Ifpw (Food chain) kq∏¿am¿°-‰p-I-fp-ap≈ Kq∏p-
I-fmWv ]mepw ]mep-Xv]-∂ßfpw I¿j-I-cn¬ \n∂pw kw`-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Market Integration ChnsS ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men-°-s∏-´p-h-cp∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 27
DXv]∂ ipNn-Xzw, KpW-ta-∑-X-¥w, Xo‰-I-a-˛-]-cn-N-cW coXn-
Iƒ, HACCP F∂n-hbv°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Inhcp-∂p. hn]p-e-amb arK-Nn-
In’m kwhn-[m-\hpap-≠v.
^map-I-fnse ssZ\w-Zn\ Imcy-߃, AXym-hiy NnIn-’, IrXn-
a-_o-Pm-[m-\w, IpØn-sh-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh I¿j-I¿ Xs∂-bmWv \S-Øp-
∂-Xv. I¿j-I¿°p th≠n 3˛6 amk-ß-tfmfw \o≠p \n¬°p∂
Hm¨sse≥ ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n®p hcp-∂p.
£otcm-Xv]m-Z\w˛B-tKmf \n_-‘-\-Iƒ
C¥y≥ £otcm-Xv]m-ZI taJ-e-bn¬ 96000-˛-tØmfw ]m¬ kl-
I-cW kwL-ß-fp-≠v. 10 Zi-e-£-tØmfw £ocI¿j-I-cn¬ \n∂pw
kw -cn-°p∂ ]m¬ hn¬∏\ \S-Øm-\mbn 15 kwÿm\ ]m¬ hn]-W\
s^U-td-j-\p-I-fn-embn 170-˛-Hmfw kl-I-cW £ntcm-Xv]m-Z\ bqWn-b-
\p-Iƒ ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. KmaoW taJ-e-bn¬ C¥y-bnse £ochyh-
kmb taJe hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]h¿Øn°p∂-Xn\v tZiob £oc-hn-I-k-
\-t_m¿Uns‚ (NDDB) ]h¿Ø-\-߃ klm-b-I-amW.v tIc-f-Øn¬
B\µv amXr-I-bnepw, ]c-º-cm-KX taJ-e-bn-ep-ap≈ £oc kl-I-cW
kwL-߃ ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. kwL-SnXtaJ-e-bn-ep≈ ]m¬ hn]-
W-\-amWv Ch e£y-an-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwÿm\ Xe-Øn¬ an¬abpw
(Kerala State Milk Co-operative Federataion)taJ-em-X-e-Øn¬ ae-_m¿, Fd-Wm-
Ipfw, Xncp -h -\ -¥-]pcw taJem
£otcm -ev]m -Z\ bqWn-b-\p -Ifpw
]h¿Øn®p hcp∂p. ]m¬, kw`-cWw,
kwkvI-cWw F∂n-h-bn¬ KpW-\n-e-
hmcw, DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX D]-t`m‡r
t_m[-h¬°-cWw F∂nh Gsd
]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
]mep-ev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ KpW-ta-∑-tbm-sS-bp≈ DXv]m-Z-\-]-Iob
DXv]-∂ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øm\pw `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-
\n¿Øm\pw klm-bn-°pw.
A¥m-cmjvS \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ ]men-s‚bpw ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fp-
sSbpw hn]-W-\-Øn¬ KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Codex AlimentariusCommission (codex) s‚ ]h¿Ø\w Gsd ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. A¥m-
cmjvS Xe-Øn¬ t£ym-Xv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂
kzX¥ GP≥kn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]m¬, ]mep-Xv]-∂-߃ F∂n-hbv°v th≠n
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 28
Codex Committee for Milk and Milk Products (CCMMP) ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p.
A¥m-cmjvS Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ Codex \n_-‘-\-Iƒ I¿i-\-ambpw ]men-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
`£y-kp-c-£n-XXz taJ-e-bn¬ ]men-s‚bpw ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fp-
tSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂
\n_-‘-\-I-ƒ Bhiy-am-Wv.
1. AWp-Po-hn-kwJy Ipd-™n-cn-°Ww
2. tcmKmWp°ƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°Ww
3. sh‰-dn-\dn acp-∂p-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-߃ Hgn-hm-°Ww
4. AWp-Po -hn -Ifn¬ \n∂p≈ hnjmw -i-Øns‚ tXmXv
\njvI¿jn-°p∂ ]cn-[n-bnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 29
BtKmf km[y-X-Iƒ
C¥y-bn¬ Irjn-bpsS A\p-_-‘-L-S-I-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ arK-
kw-c-£-W-ta-Je Ign™ aq∂p ]Xn-‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ h≥ hf¿®m
\nc°p ssIh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. tImgn-hf¿Øenepw I∂p-Imen hf¿Ø-en-
ep-amWv Cu am‰w Gsd ]I-Sw. 2020 ˛Hm-Sp-IqSn Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z\
cwKØv 60% hpw ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bn¬ 50% hpw hf¿® ssIh-cn-°m-
\mWv e£y-an-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Kmao-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ 70% t]cpw A[n-I-h-cp-
am-\-Øn-\mbn arK-kw-c-£W taJ-esb Bi-bn-°p-∂p. Ch-cn¬ kvXo
]¶m-fnØw 90% am\-Øn¬ A[n-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ tZiob Xe-Øn¬
arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw
4.88%˛¬ \n∂v 2.9%˛ambn Ipd-bp-∂p-sh-∂mWv ÿnXn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn-te-Xp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS
arK-kw-c-£-W-coXn hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬
h≥In-S-^m-ap-I-fn-emWv I∂p-Im-en-Isf hf¿Øp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bn-¬ `qcn-
`m-Khpw sNdp-In-S, \ma-amX I¿j-I-cmWv Cu cwKØp ]h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xv.
Imem-\p-kr-X-amb hf¿®-sb-t∂mWw C∂v arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-
J-e-bn¬ hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ am‰w (Commercial outlook)I≠pXpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ßsf At]-£n®v ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-
s®-ehv Ipd™ cmPy-amWv C¥y. F∂m¬ BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚
]Xn-^-e-\-sa-t∂mWw C¥y-bn¬ k_vknUn \n¿Ø-em-°n-bXpw, hnI-
kn-X-cm-Py-߃ Protection F∂ -t]-cn¬ k_vknUn \¬Ip∂Xpw hnI-
kn-X-cm-Py-ßsf At]-£n®v DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Iq´m≥ CS-h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. X∑qew A¥m-cm-jvS hn]-Wnbn¬ hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈
DXv]-∂-߃°v ]mapJyw e`n-°p-∂n-√. DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta∑
A¥m-cm-jvS hn]-Wn-bn¬ I¿i-\-ambn ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 30
Cd-°p-aXn Np¶w Npa-Øn-b-Xn-eqsS, Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈
tImgn-°m-ep-I-fpsS hchp XS-bm≥ Ign-s™-¶nepw ioe¶ hgn CXv
Nn°≥ tkmtk-Pmbn C¥y-bn-se-Øp-∂p F∂-XmWv A¤p-X-I-c-amb
hkvXp-X.
hntZ-i-hn-]-Wn-bn¬ Gsd km[y-X-I-fp≈ ]mep-Xv]-∂-amWv
Nokv, \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Nokns‚ DXv]m-Z\-Øn¬ \mw
]ndIn-em-Wv.
ta®n¬∏p-d-߃, Irjn-bn-S-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bn-ep≈
Ipdhv Xo‰-∏p¬ Zu¿e`yw, Xo‰-hne F∂nh Cu taJ-e-bnse ]cn-an-Xn-
I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. Ign™ 20 h¿j-°m-e-b-f-hn¬ ]mens‚ hne-bn¬
50%˛hpw ImenØo‰ hne-bn¬ 45%˛hpw h¿≤-\bp-≠m-bn.
18˛m-aXv I∂p-Imen sk≥k- n¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ F√m arK-ß-
fpsS FÆ-Ønepw ap≥Im-e-ßsf At]-£n®v Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
´p-≠v. F∂m¬ tZiob
Xe-Øn¬ 1992 apX¬
I∂p -Im -e n -I -f psS
FÆ-Øn¬ amXta
Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn -´p≈q! DXv]m -
Z\£aX Ipd™
\mS≥ ]ip-°ƒ k¶-
c-bn-\-ambn amdn-bXv
I∂p -Im -e n -I -f psS
FÆw Ipd -b v°m -
\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fn¬
H∂mbn Icp-Xmw.
BSp-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ h¿≤-\hv tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. Xo‰-
∏p¬ Zu¿e`yw, \K-c-h-Xv°-cWw, B´n-d-®n-bpsS D]-tbmKw F∂nh
CXn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ cmPy-amb
C¥y-bn¬ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]men¬ 54% hpw Imen-k-º-Øns‚
aq∂n-sem-t∂mfw hcp∂ Fcp-a-I-fn¬ \n∂m-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∏nem-
°p∂ tKmc£m ]≤Xn Ipf-ºp-tcmKw \nb-¥n-°p-hm\pw ]mep-ev]m-
Z\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw klm-bn-®p-h-cp-∂p. Fcp-a-I-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw
kwÿm-\Øv Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BtKmf hn]-Wn-bn¬
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 31
t]mØn-d-®n°v ]nb-ta-dp-tºmƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ Fcp-a-I-fpsS FÆw 60000
¬ Xmsg amXamWv.
hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ap´-t°m-gn- h-f¿Ø¬ tIc-f-
Øn¬ em`-I-c-a-√. F∂m¬ Ipd™ apX¬ap-S-°p≈ ho´p-ap-‰sØ
tImgn-h-f¿Ø¬, Xmdm-hp-h-f¿Ø¬ F∂n-hbv°v km[y-X-I-fp-≠v.
Cd-®n-t°mgn hn]Wn C∂v Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏ns‚ ]mX-bn-em-
Wv. A`y-¥c tImgn-bp-Xv]m-Z\w, hn]-W-\w, F∂o taJ-e-Iƒ IqSp-
X¬ kPo-h-am-Im≥ CXp-]-I-cn-°pw.
tIc-f-Øn¬ ]∂n-I-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[nIw Ipdhv
tcJ-s∏-SpØnbn´p≠v. aen-\o-I-cW ]iv\-ß-fm-Wn-Xn\v apJy-Im-c-Ww.
]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn®v k¿°m¿ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ A\p-
h¿Øn®v ]∂n-^m-ap-Iƒ em`-I-c-ambn \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ shPn-t‰-dn-b-\nkw Gsd hn]p-e-s∏´p hcp-
∂p. F∂m¬ t]m´o≥ \yq\X ]iv\-amb C¥y-sb-t∏msebp≈ hnI-
kzc cmPy-߃°v Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ e`n-°p∂ P¥p-P\y t]m´o-
\mWv GI Bi-bw.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w Ipd™ ÿeØv IqSp-X¬ DXv]m-Z\w km[y-am-°m-\mbn Irjn,
-ar-K-kw-c-£Ww, a’yw hf¿Ø¬ F∂nh ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈
kwtbm-PnX Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
]∂n-^m-ap-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v a’yw hf¿Ømw. CXv aen-\o-
I-cW ]iv\-߃ Hc-f-hp-hsc \nb-¥n-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
Ipd™ ÿeØv IqSp-X¬ Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ°pX-Ip∂ kΩn-
i-Ir-jn°pw km[y-X-I-fn-∂p-≠v. ]ip, BSv, apb¬, tImgn-h-f¿Ø¬
F∂nh Bcw-`n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßn-bXpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI ]iv\ ߃ krjvSn-°m-
Ø-Xp-amb kpÿnc Irjnbv°v (Sustainable farming) A¥m-cmjvSXe-
Øn¬ ]m[m\yw e`n®p hcp-∂p.
arK-kw-c-£-W- ta-J-e-bn¬ Db¿∂ DXv]m-Z\£aX ssIh-cn-
°m≥ sa®-s∏´ P\p- p-Isf hf¿Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w imkvXob Xo‰-
Iaw, ]cn-Nm-c-W-ap-dIƒ, tcmK-\n-b-¥-W- am¿K߃ F∂nh A\p-
h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
Xo‰ \n¿Ωm-W -cw-KØv \nc-h[n \ho\ kmt¶-XnIhnZy-Iƒ
C∂v A\p-h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. ss_∏m-kv t]m-´o≥ Xo‰, ss_∏m-kv
sImgp∏v Xo‰, bqdn-b- -sam-fm-k v tªm°v, Total Milk Ration (TMR), bqdnb
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 32
kw]p-jvSo-I-c-Ww, ssht°m¬ s]√-‰p-Iƒ, tl \¿ΩmWw, Xo‰-
∏p¬Irjn F∂nh Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
hn⁄m\ hym]\ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv
imkvXob Xo‰-Ia ]cn-N-c-W-ap-d-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ I¿j-Isc klm-
bn-°pw. ]©m-bØptXmdp-ap≈ arKm-ip-]-Xn-Iƒ tIc-f-Øns‚ amXw
]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. \qX\ Kth-j-W ^-e߃, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn apX-
em-bh arKNnIn’mcwKØv ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn hcp-∂p. kmwI-anI
tcmK-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ]Xn-tcm-[-Ip-Øn-shbv]v ap≥K-W\
\¬IWw. Good manufacturing Practices (GMP) ]men-°p∂ hmIvkn≥ DXv]m-
Z\ tIµ-߃, R&D bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂nh AXym-h-iy-amWv arK-kw-c-
£W hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn¬ Xncn-h-\¥-]pcw Pn√-bnse ]mtemSv ]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Institute of AnimalHealth and VeterinaryBiologicals Ch-bn¬
][m-\-s∏-´ -h-bm-Wv.
et_m-d-´-dn-I-fn¬ Goodlaboratory Practices (GLP)Dd -∏ p -h - c p -Øp -∂X v
tcmK-\n¿Æ-b-Ønepw
NnIn-’-bnepw ]pØ≥ DW¿th-Ipw.
tIc-f-ØnepXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]men¬ 18% ¬ Xmsg amXta kwL-
SnX taJ-e-bn-eqsS hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂p-≈q. _m°n-bp≈ ]mepw
ap´bpw Cd-®nbpw I¿j-I¿ t\cn´v hn¬]\- -\-S-Øp-∂Xv AkwL-SnX
taJ-e-bn-eqsSbmWv. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ CXv]-∂-߃ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v
Xmßm-hp∂ hne°v imkvXob hn]-W\ X¥-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn®v e`y-
am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Hma-\-ar-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ]£n-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ h≥
am‰w tIc-f-Øn¬ I≠p XpS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \mbsb ho´p-Im-h-en-se-∂-Xn-
\p-]cn k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-sb∂ \ne-bn-emWv ]ecpw Icp-Xp∂-Xv.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 33
Dev]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m-≥
Gjy≥ cm-Py-ß-ƒ £ochyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ Ign™ Im¬
\q‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ h≥ hf¿®m \nc°v ssIh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. 2020
HmSpIqSn temI-Øm-h-iy-amb £otcm-ev]-∂-ß-fn¬ 60% Gjy≥ cmPy-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CXn¬ Xs∂ 30% hpw C¥y-, ssN\ F∂o cmPy-ß-
fn¬ \n∂p-am-bn-cn°psa∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
£oc-ta-J-e-bn¬ cmPyØv hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈
apt∂‰w IqSp-X-embn I≠p hcp-∂p. F∂m¬ 2˛3 ]ip-°-sf
hf¿Øp∂ sNdp-InS \ma-amX bqWn-‰p-Iƒ 90% Ønte-sd-bm-Wv.
h¿≤n® DXv]m-Z-\-s®-eh,v Ipd-bp∂ Dev]m-Z\ £a-X F∂nh
£otcm-ev]m-Z\taJ-e-bnse ]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. cmPyØv
Ign™ c≠p h¿j°meb-f-hn¬ Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS hne-bn¬ 60% h¿≤-
\-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.
]mep-ev]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn-\pw, Xo‰-∏p¬Irjn
t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p-apX-Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ £oc-I¿j-I¿°v Gsd
Bizm-k-I-c-ambncn°pw. sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn £otcm-ev]m-ZI taJ-e-
I-fn¬ IqSp-X-embn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Gsd ]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw. £oc-
hy-h-kmb taJ-ebv°v `£y-kw-kvI-cW taJ-ebv°v e`n-°p∂ B\p-
Iq-ey-߃ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ IqSp-X¬ sXmgn¬ kwcw`-I¿ Cu taJe
sXc-s™-Sp-°pw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ £o-c-hy-h-km-b-Øn\v Im¿jn-I-ta-
J-e-bvt°m, hyh-kmb taJ-ebvt°m A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ ]cn-K-W\/Cf-
hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂n-√. hmbv]-°p≈ ]eni \nc°v IqSp-Xem-Wv. tkh\
\nIpXn Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xpw, VAT \nIpXn ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw IqSp-X¬
BZmbw Dd∏p hcp-Øpw.
`£y-kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \¬In hcp-
tºmƒ KpW-ta∑ Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂ sajn-\p-Iƒ, ]mt°-PnwKv D]-I-c-
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 34
W-߃ F∂n-hsb IÃw-kv, FIvsskkv Xocp-h-bn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-
°p∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ Gsd ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. sImf-kvtSm-fns‚
Afhv Ipd™ £otcm-ev]-∂-߃, ]pfn-∏n® £otcm-ev]-∂-߃ F∂n-
h-bpsS D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ \nIpXn \nc°v Ipd-bvt°-≠-Xp-≠v.
I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø-ens‚ sNe-hn¬ 75%hpw Imen-Øo-‰bv°v
th≠n hcp∂Xn\m¬ Imen-Øo-‰-bnse tNcp-h-I-fpsS hne-Ip-d-bv°m≥
Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xv \√-Xm-Wv. arKNnIn-’m- acp-∂p-I-
fpsS hne Ipd-bv°p-∂Xv NnIn-’m-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Imen-Øo-‰bv°v ]Icw IqSp-X¬ Xo‰∏p√v
\¬In ]ip-h-f¿Ø¬ BZm-b-I-c-am-°m-\p≈ ]h-W-X-Iƒ \S∂p hcp-
∂p. Kth-jW ^e-߃ I¿j-I-cn-se-Øn-°m≥ Im¿jnI hn⁄m\
hym]\ ]h¿Ø-\-߃, Ib-‰p-aXn e£y-an-´p-sIm-≠p≈ DXv]m-Z\w,
hn]Wn e£y-an´psIm≠p≈ DXv]m-Z\ ]In-b, lcn-X -Kr-l-hm-X-I-
ß-fpsS Afhv Ipd-bv°m\pw, DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m\pw, ]mcn-ÿn-
XnI ]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pap≈ Kth-j-W-Øn\pw ap¥nb ]cn-K-W\ Bh-
iy-am-Wv.
arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂pw kwcw`-I-cpsS sImgn™p
t]m°v, bph-Xnbp-hm-°fpsS Xm¬]-cy-°p-dhv F∂nh IW-°n-se-SpØv
ÿmbn-bmb kzbw sXmgn¬ kwcw`߃°v cq]w sImSp-t°-≠-Xp≠v.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 35
hn]W\w imkvXobamIWw
temI `£y Im¿jnI kwLS\bpsS IW°\pkcn®v 300
Zi-e£w P\߃ C∂v temIØv ]´nWnbnemWv. BtKmfXeØn¬
`£ykpc£m ]Xnk‘n \ne\n¬°ptºmƒ hnIknX, hnIkzc
cmPy߃ CXv XcWw sNøm\mbn hnhn[ ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv°cn®v
\S∏nem°n hcp∂p.
`£ykpc£ ]cnlcn°m≥ t]m´o≥ ASßnb
`£yhkvXp°fpsS Dev]mZ\w ]Xn≥aSßv h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xp≠v.
F∂m¬ Ipd™ Imebfhn¬ `£ykpc£ ]cnlcn°m\pw, t]mjI
\yq\X AI‰m\pw P¥pP\y t]m´o≥ Dev]∂߃°v amXta
km[n°q. AXn\m¬ P¥pP\y t]m´o≥ DdhnSßfmb ]m¬, Cd®n,
ap´ F∂nhbpsS Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xp≠v. Cu hkvXpX
IW°nseSpØv Im¿jnI taJebpsS A\p_‘ taJebmb
arKkwc£W taJebv°v ap¥nb ]cnKW\ e`n®p hcp∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS D]t`mKØn¬ cmPyØv 4˛5%
˛tØmfw h¿≤\hv tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. h¿≤n® BhiyØn
\\pkcn®v Dev]mZ\hpw Dev]mZ\£aXbpw h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xv
A\nhmcyamWv.
C¥y, ]m¬, `£y[m\y߃, ]©kmc, tImgnbnd®n
apXembhbpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ ap≥ \ncbnemsW¶nepw hnIknX
cmPyßsf At]£n®v Dev]mZ\£aXbn¬ ]ndInemWv. 5%˛¬ Xmsg
P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃ amXta C∂v Ib‰paXn sNøs∏Sp∂p≈p.
samØw Cd®nbpev]mZ\Øn¬ ssN\ C¥ysb°mƒ Gsd ap∂nemWv.
h¿≤n®phcp∂ Dev]mZ\s®ehv kpÿnc arKkwc£W
taJesb ]XnIqeambn _m[n®phcp∂p. Db¿∂p hcp∂
]mcnÿnXnI sh√phnfnIfpw Cu taJebv°v t\sc `ojWn
Db¿Øp∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 36
Gsd ]XnIqeamb kmlNcyßfnepw arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ amXrIm]camb ]h¿Ø\w ImgvN hbv°m≥ tIcfØn\v
Ign™n´p≠v. hntIµoIrXmkqXWØneqsS arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ Hcp IpXn®p Ib‰w km[yam°m≥ tIcfØn\p
Ign™n´p≠v.
Dev]mZ\s®ehnep≠mIp∂ h¿≤\hv arKkwc£W
taJebnse em`hnlnXw Ipdbv°m\nShcpØnhcp∂p. AXn\m¬
Dev]mZ\w em`Icam°m≥ Dev]mZ\£aX Db¿Øp∂ tXmsSm∏w
imkvXob hn]W\am¿§ßƒ Ahew_n°Ww.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS hn]W\Øn¬ I¿jI\v 35% hne
e`n°ptºmƒ 65% tØmfw a[yh¿ØnIƒ°v e`n°p∂Xmbn tZiob
XeØnep≈ CLFMA IW°pIƒ kqNn∏n°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev∏∂ßfpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ ap≥Imeßfn¬
Dev]mZ\w eIvjyan´ ]Inbbv°mbncp∂p ap≥Xq°w \¬Inbncp∂Xv.
F∂m¬ C∂v tZiob Im¿jnI \bØns‚ `mKambn hn]Wn
e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\ ]Inbbv°v ]m[m\yw \¬Inhcp∂p.
hn]Wn e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\ ]Inb arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ kpÿncX ssIhcn°m≥ I¿jIsc klmbn°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS hn]W\Øn¬ \nch[n Imcy߃
i≤nt°≠Xp≠v. Ipd™ kq£n∏pImew, thKØn¬ tISmIm\p≈
km[yX F∂nhbn¬ ap≥Xq°w \nev°p∂ P¥pP\y, a’y
Dev∏∂߃ Dev]mZn∏n®bpSs\ Xs∂ D]t`m‡m°fnseØn
t°≠Xp≠v. ]m¬, Cd®n, ap´ F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬
]tXyIcoXnbnep≈ hn]W\ X¥ßƒ Bhnjv°cnt°≠Xp≠v.
hnIknX cmPyßsf At]£n®v C¥ybn¬ 51% t]cpsSbpw
icmicn hb v 26 BWv. Cu ]mbØn¬ IqSpX¬ t]m´o≥ ASßnb
t]mjIaq√ytadnb `£y hkvXp°fpw, Du¿÷w ]Zm\w sNøp∂
sl¬Øv Un¶vkpw C∂mhiyamWv.
`£y kwkv°cW ]Inbbnepƒs∏SpØn ]m¬, ap´ Cd®n
F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬ aqeyh¿≤nX hkvXpXIfp≠m°m≥
ian°p∂Xv kwcw`w IqSpX¬ hnPbIcam°m≥ klmbn°pw.
aqeyh¿≤nX Dev]∂߃ \n¿Ωn°ptºmƒ D]t`m‡mhns‚
Xmev]cyØn\nWßnb hkvXp°ƒ \n¿Ωn°m≥ ian°Ww. 7.5%
tØmfw t]cpw 60 hb p Ign™ C¥ybn¬ h¿≤n®
sImfkvtSmfns‚ Afhv aqew _p≤nap´p∂hcpsS FÆw 15
iXam\Øne[nIamWv. Ch¿°nWßnb sImgp∏p Ipd™ ]m¬,
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 37
]mepev]∂߃, Cd®nbpev]∂߃ F∂nh hn]W\w sNøm≥
km[yXtbsdbmWv. apbend®nbv°v Cu cwKØv hn]W\
km[yXItfsdbp≠v.
BtKmfXeØn¬ t]mØnd®n Ib‰paXnbn¬ C¥y
apt∂dm\p≈ ImcWw C¥y≥ t]mØnd®nbn¬ sImgp∏ns‚ Afhv
IpdhmbXn\memWv. a‰p cmPyßsf At]£n®v XmcXtay\ Ipd™
]mbØn¬ C¥ybn¬ t]mØn≥ Ip´nIsf Cd®n°pth≠n
D]tbmKn®p hcp∂p. Cu km[yXIƒ a\ nem°n tIcfØn¬ Cd®n
Dev]mZ\ taJebn¬ t]mØn≥ Ip´nIsf IqSpXembn hf¿Øn hcp∂p.
IqSpX¬ t]m´o≥ ASßnb `£y hkvXp°ƒ hf¿®bpsS
BZyL´Øn¬ BhiyamWv. Ip´nIƒ°nWßnb tNm°tf‰pIƒ,
_¿§dpIƒ, sl¬Øv Un¶vkv, hnhn[ cpNnbnepw \ndØnepap≈
`£y hkvXp°ƒ F∂nhbv°v km[yXtbsdbmWv.
tImgn ap´bpsS ImcyØn¬ \mS≥ tImgnap´, t^m¿´nss^Uv
ap´Iƒ, tS_nƒ FKvkv F∂nhbv°v tIcfØn¬ Bhiy°m¿
GsdbmWv.
C∂v h¿≤n®p hcp∂ ssPthmev]∂ taJebntebv°v B´nd®n,
t]mØnd®n, tImgnbnd®n, Xmdmhnd®n, ]∂nbnd®n, tImgnap´,
Xmdmap´ F∂nh Dƒs∏SpØn ]oanbw hnebv°v hne v]\
\SØmhp∂XmWv.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ IpSpw_io
Kq∏pIsf ^e]Zambn ]¶mfnIfm°m≥ km[n°pw. ]m¬, Cd®n
tImgnap´ F∂nh KpWta∑tbmsS hoSpIfnseØn°m\p≈ hn]W\
kwcw`߃ anI® em`w ]Zm\w sNøpw
Dev]∂w, hne, hn]W\ X¥ßƒ, e`yX F∂nhbSßnb 4P bmWv hn]W\Ønse imkvXob X¥ßƒ. Dev]∂ßfpsS
ImcyØn¬ D]t`m‡mhns\ e£yan´ customized approach BhiyamWv.
`£y kpc£nXXzØn¬ Dev]mZ\w apX¬ hn]W\w hsc
Dev]∂߃ D]t`m‡mhns‚ ssIIfnsetØ≠Xp≠v. CXn\mbn
lmkn∏v (HACCP), GMP, GRP F∂nh ]mh¿ØnIamt°≠Xp≠v.
KpWta≥a hnebncpØnbmWv D]t`m‡m°ƒ Dev]∂߃
hmßp∂Xv.
kmºØnI amµyØnepw cmPyØv samØw hcpam\Øn¬
\n∂pw `£y[m\y߃, ]®°dnIƒ F∂nhsb At]£n®v
IqSpX¬ XpI P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃°mbn \o°n hbv°p∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 38
]XnZn\ hcpam\Øns‚ 40% amWv `£yhkvXp°ƒ°mbn
C¥y°m¿ sNehgn°p∂Xv.
hn]W\Øn¬ _m≥UnwKv, ]mt°PnwKv, F∂nh Gsd
]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃ hn]W\w \SØm≥ Dev]mZI¿
Dƒs∏Sp∂ commodity interest groups-\v cq]w sImSp°mw. CXv ]m¬,
Cd®n, ap´ F∂o hn`mK߃°\pkcn®v ]tXyIw
Kq∏pIfmbncn°Ww.
KpWta≥abv°v Du∂¬ \¬In Cu cwKØv hnPbw ssIhcn®
]me°mSv Nature Fresh Milk, £oc-km-K-c, Xr»qcnse sImSIcbnse
kpÿnc ]mep¬]mZ\w F∂nh Cu cwKØv A\ph¿Øn°mhp∂
amXrIIfmWv.
ho´pap‰Øv hf¿Øp∂ tImgnIfn¬ \n∂p≈ ap´ tiJcn®v
Kq∏Snÿm\Øn¬ hn]W\w \SØmhp∂ irwJeIƒ
cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°mw.
Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw Bhiyamb Afhn¬ tImgnbnd®n,
B´nd®n, am´nd®n, F∂nh e`yam°m\pXIp∂ Divisibility hn]W\
]Inb Ffp∏Ønem°Ww. Xangv\m´nse DUpa¬t]´nse kp§okv
Nn°s‚ amXrI Cu cwKØpw ]mh¿ØnIam°mhp∂tXbp≈p.
ssPhIrjn kwcw`߃°v th≠n ssPhhfw hn]W\w
sNøm≥ NmWIw, B´n≥ ImjvTw, _tbmKymkv πm‚n¬ \n∂p≈
…dn F∂nh ^e]Zambn kwkv°cn®v hn]W\w \SØmw. Xr»q¿
Pn√bnse Nmh°m´p≈ IpSpw_io kwcw`ßfpsS ]h¿Ø\w Cu
cwKØv amXrIbm°mhp∂XmWv.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃ hn]W\w \SØptºmƒ
D]t`m‡mhn\nWßnb Dev]∂w cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°m≥ ]tXyIw
i≤n°Ww. arKmip]XnIƒ, Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃,
IpSpw_io bqWn‰pIƒ, amXrIm I¿jI¿, I¿jI ]Xn\n[nIƒ
F∂nhbpsS Iq´mb ]h¿Ø\߃ P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS
imkvXob hn]W\Øn\pw, ÿmbnbmb arKkwc£W taJe
cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°m\pw klmbn°pw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 39
ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-tºmƒ
arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, tImgn-Iƒ F∂n-
hbv°v Ah-bpsS ]mIrXymep≈ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-\n-¿-Øm-
hp∂ coXn-bn¬ ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-
apºv F√m L´-ß-fnepw k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ Bh-iy-am-Wv. I∂p-Im-en-h-
f¿Ø-en¬ ^mw apgp-h-\mbn ssPh-Ir-jnbv°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøm≥
Ipd-™Xv aq∂p-h¿jw th≠n hcpw. th≠X hmbp-k-©mcw, AanX
kqcy-]-Im-i-Øn¬ \n∂v kwc-£-Ww, sXmgp-Øn¬ Bh-iy-Øn\v
ÿe-ku-Icyw, btYjvSw ip≤-Pew F∂nh AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.
Xmdm-hv, tImgn, apb¬ F∂n-hsb IqSp-I-fn¬ (Cages) ]m¿∏n-°-cpXv.
Imen-Øo-‰-bmbn \¬Ip∂ Xo‰-∏p√v, ]mIr-XnI ]p¬h¿§-߃ F∂n-
hbv°v IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, If\m-in-\n-Iƒ, cmk-h-f-߃ XpS-ßn-bh
D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. P¥p-t£a ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
Iq´-tØmsS Pohn-°p∂ arK-ßsf sht∆sd IqSp-I-fn¬ ]m¿∏n-°-cp-Xv.
ssPh-Ir-jn -bpsS \n_-‘-\-Iƒ
]men®p Ign-™m¬ ssPthm-ev]-∂-
߃ hn¬∏\ \S-Ømw.
arKNnIn’ \S-Øp-tºmƒ
ssPh-kw-cw-`-ß-fn¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-
Iƒ, hf¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ LS-
I-߃ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv.
ASn-b-¥n-c-L-´-ß-fn¬, tcmK`o-jWn
\ne-hn-ep-s≠-¶n¬ amXta hmIvkn-
\p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. Bbp¿th-Z,
tlmantbm, bp\m\n acp-∂p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. AIyp-]-MvN¿ NnIn-
’bpw A\p-h¿Øn-°mw. sh‰-dn-\dn acp-∂p-Iƒ AXym-hiy L´-Øn¬
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 40
amXta D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. Ch D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ DXv]-∂-߃°v
Withholding Period Bh-iy-amWv.
IS-º-I-tfsd
arKkw-c -£-W-ta -J -e -bn¬ ssPh-Ir -jnbv°v IS -º-
ItfsdbmWv. ssPthm-Xv]-∂-߃°v hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ km[y-X-bp-
s≠-¶nepw hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fnse Bh-iy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v hnI-kzc cmPy-
߃ DXv]m-Z\ ]Io-b-bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-∂Xv B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z\w
Ipd-bm-\n-S-h-cp-Øpw. ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX Xptemw Ipd-
hm-Wv. ssPh-Irjn kwcw-`߃ em`I-c-am-°m≥ D¬∏-∂߃°v anI®
hne e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ Organic Products- t\mSp≈
XmXv]-cyw a\- n-em°n hnI-kzc cmPy-߃ cmPym-¥c hn]-Wn-bn-te°v
DXv]-∂-߃ FØn®phcp-∂p. F∂m¬ 5% Xmsg I¿j-I-cp≈ hnI-
knX cmPy-߃ ssPh-Irjn XmXv]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse 75% tØmfw
I¿jI-cp≈ C¥y ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v Xncn-bp-∂Xv `£y-kp-c-£n-
X-XzsØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw.
\ΩpsS \m´n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn-kw-cw-`߃
ssPh-Ir-jn -ta-J-e-bn -te°p am‰p -∂-XmWv Ffp-∏w. cmPym-¥c
hn]Wnbnse XmXv]-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v amXr-Im-]-c-amb coXn-bn¬
sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ ]c-º-cm-KX ssien-bn¬ \n∂pw
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v am‰mhp∂-Xm-Wv.
ssPh-Irjn ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßn-b-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ ÿmbn-bmb
Im¿jnI Bhmk hyhÿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Gsd klm-b-I-
cam-Wv.
hn]-Wn-bn¬ e`n-°p∂ ssPthm-Xv]-∂-߃ ]q¿Æ-ambpw
ssPhoIw Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. FX iX-am\w Hm¿Km-\nIv BsW∂v
te_-en¬ ]tXyIw ImWn-®n-cn-°pw. ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn-co-Xn-bn¬
\n∂pw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te-°p≈ am‰-Øn\v GXm≠v c≠p h¿j-tØmfw
kabw th≠n hcpw. CXv Conversion Period F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.
GsXmcp ssPh-Ir-jn-bnepw Hgn®p IqSm≥ ]‰mØ LS-I-amWv I∂p-
Im-en-h-f¿Ø¬. ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ anI® ssPh-hfw NmWIw Xs∂-
bm-Wv.
arK-kw-cw-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ ssPh-Irjn ia-I-c-am-sW∂v kqNn-
∏n-®-t√m. ]P-\-\w, ]cn-N-c-Ww, Xo‰-I-aw, tcmK-\n-b-¥Ww F∂n-hbv°v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb X¥-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßn-
b, AXmXv ÿeØv hf¿Øm≥ tbmPn® C\-ßsf amXta ssPh-
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 41
Ir-jn-bn¬ hf¿Øm-hq. P¥p-°ƒs°m-cp-°p∂ ]m¿∏n-S-Øn¬ Bh-iy-
Øn\v ÿe-ku-I-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-ambn ssPh-]m¬
DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Hm¿Km-\nIv Ubdn ^mw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Hcp slIvS-
dn¬ 1.8 F∂ tXmXn¬ amXta I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ ]mSp-≈q. ]ip-hn\v
sXmgp-Øn¬ 6 NXp-c-i- ao-‰¿ ÿe- ku-Icyw thWw hymbm-a-Øn\v
aq∂p NXp-c-i-ao-‰¿ A[n-I-ambn thWw. hnØp-Im-f-Iƒ°v 10 NXpi
ao‰¿ ÿe-hn-kvXrXnbpw 30 NXp-c-i-ao-‰¿ hybm-a-Øn-\p≈ \S-
ÿehpw Bh-iyam-Wv.
InSm-cn-Iƒ°v sXmgp-Øn¬ 1.5 NXp-c-i-ao-‰¿ F∂ tXmXn¬
ÿew thWw. S¿°n, Xmdm-hv, Ac-b∂w F∂n-hsb ssPh-Ir-jn- kw-
cw-`Øn¬ Iq´n¬ hf¿Øm≥ bYm-Iaw 2,10,2 NXp-c-i -ao-‰¿ ÿew
Bh-iy-am-Wv.
Iq´n¬ btYjvSw hmbp-k-©mc kuIcyw thWw. Imem-hÿm
hyXn-bm-\-߃°-\p-k-cn®v kwc-£Ww e`n-°-Ø-°-hn[w IqSp-Iƒ
\n¿Ωn-°-Ww. btYjvSw ip≤-Pew Bh-iy-amWv. ]Ir-Xym-ep≈
kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-ƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ kuIcyhpw Hcp-°-Ww.
i≤n-°pI
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-߃ ssPh-Irjn
XpS-ßn-bm¬ ssPthm-Xv]-∂-ß-fmbn hn]-W\w \S-Ømw. te_-en¬
Conversion Period emsW∂v ]tXyIw hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bv°mbn sIm≠p-h-tc≠ arK-ß-fp-sSbpw ]£n-I-
fp-sSbpw ]mbw NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
a) Cd-®n-t°mgn Ip™p-߃ 2 Znhkw ]mb-Øn¬
b) ap´-t°mgn ˛ 18 BgvN ]mb-Øn¬
c) Xmdm-hv, S¿°n ˛ 2 BgvN ]mb-Øn¬
d) ]∂n-°p-™p-߃ ˛ 6 BgvN ]mb-Øn¬
e) I∂p-Ip-´n-Iƒ ˛ 4 BgvN ]mb-Øn¬
k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ coXn-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n 5 h¿j-߃°Iw
]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ IrXna _oP-kw-tbm-P\w ]mh¿Øn-I-am-
°mw. tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ, P\n-X-I-hy-Xn-bm\w hgn Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-SpØ P\p-
p-Iƒ F∂nh A\p-h-Z-\oba√.
100% ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-eqsS hf¿Ønb Xo‰ amXta I∂p-Im-en-
Iƒ°v \¬Im-hq.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 42
hf¿® Xzcn -X-s∏-Sp -Øp∂ hkvXp-°ƒ (growth promoters,stimulants) F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. ]Ir-Xym-ep≈ hn‰m-an-\p-Ifpw [mXp-
e-h-W-ßfpw amXta D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. kmwI-anI tcmK-߃s°-Xn-
cm-bp≈ ]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-sh-bv]p-Iƒ \evIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. NnIn-’-°mbn
sl¿_¬, tlmantbm, Bbp¿th-Z, bp\m\n acp-∂p-Ifpw, AIyp-]w-
IvN¿ coXn-Ifpw Ah-ew-_n-°mw. B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-
cp-Xv. B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ ASn-b-¥nc L´-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ DXv]-∂-߃°v Double withdrawal period AXm-bXv \njvI¿jn-
°p-∂-Xns‚ Cc-´n-°m-e-b-fhv D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. IqSmsX te_-en¬ D]-
tbm-K-Iaw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.
Cd®n kwkvI-cW ]In-b-bn¬ Iim-∏n-\p≈ arK-ßsf hml-
\-Øn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ btYjvSw ip≤-Pew sImSp-°-Ww. Bh-
iy-Øn\v hni-ahpw \¬I-Ww. kvsS p-f-hm-°p∂ Imcy-߃ D]-tbm-
Kn-°-Ww. Hcp arKsØ Adhp ]In-bbv°v hnt[-b-am-°p-tºmƒ a‰p
arK-߃ ImW-cp-Xv. I∂p-Im-enI-sf Ad-hp-im-e-bn¬ FØn-°m≥ 8
aWn-°q-dn¬ IqSp-X¬ kabw FSp-°-cp-Xv. ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ (tranquilizers)D]-tbm-Kn-°-cpXv.
sXmgpØpw IqSpw ]cn-k-chpw ipNn-bm-°m≥ tkmUnbw
sslt∏m-t¢m-ssd‰v , tkmUnbw ssltUm-IvsskUv, \ocm-hn, t^m¿a-
en≥, Aæ-߃, kky-P\y Im¿_WnI AWp-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, sslU-
P≥ s]tdm-IvsskUv, tkmUnbw Im¿_-tW-‰v, s]m´mkyw tkm∏v,
tkmUnbw tkm∏v apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
tIc-f-Øn¬ ASp-°-f-ap-‰sØ tImgn, Xmdm-hv, S¿°n hf¿Ø-
en¬ ssPh-Irjn hfsc ^e-]-Z-ambn ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°mw. Imem-h-
ÿ-bv°n-W-ßnb tImgn-Isf hf¿ØWw. CXn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ ssPh
ap´-Iƒ°v (Organic eggs) Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv. henb apX¬ap-S-°n-
√msX Cu ]Inb \S-∏n-em-°mw. tcmK-\n-b-¥-W-Øn-\mbn tImgn-
Iƒ°v hmIvkn≥ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Cd-®n-t°m-gn, Cd-®n-Øm-dm-hv, S¿°n aqcn-°p´n hf¿Ø¬ F∂n-
h-bnepw ssPh-Irjn ]co-£-Wm-Snÿm\Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°mw. ssPh-
Ir-jn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ ipNn-Xzhpw Gsd ]m[m-\y-
a¿ln-°p-∂p.
ssPh DXv]-∂-߃ ]q¿Æ-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm Hm¿Km-\nIv
BsW-∂Xv te_-en¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww. k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥
C√msX ssPh DXv]-∂-߃ hn¬]\ \S-Øp-∂Xv in£m¿l-am-Wv.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 43
ssPh-Ir-jnbv°v km£y-]Xw \¬Ip∂ \nc-h[n k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥
GP≥kn-I-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXv :
1) Association for Promotion of Organic Farming, Bangalore2) Bio Inspector, Switzerland3) Indian Organic Certification Agency. Indocert, Aluva, Kochi4) SGS India Pvt. Limited, Gurgaon5) Skal International, Netherlands, Bangalore6) Naturland, Kochi
AIUn‰Uv GP≥kn-Iƒ k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ \S-Ønbm¬
amXta DXv]-∂-߃ Ib-‰p-aXn sNøm≥ km[n°q. arK-kw-c-£WtaJ-
e-bn¬ IS-º-I-tf-sd-bp≈ ssPh-Irjn ]co-£-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv. U¬ln Bÿm-\-ambn ]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Centre for Bharatiya Marketing Development (CBMD) F∂ GP≥kn
ssPh-Irjn t]mXm-km-ln-∏n®p hcp-∂p. ssPh DXv]-∂-ß-fn¬ IoS-
\m-in-\n, If-\m-in\n, hnjmwiw B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ apX-em-bh Ipd-
hm-I-W-sa-∂Xv X¿°-a‰ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 44
Cd®n hyh-kmbw km[y-X-Iƒ
C¥ybn¬ P¥p-P\y t]m´o-\ns‚ ]Xn-Zn\ Btfmlcn D]-
t`mKw 10 KmamWv F∂m¬ temI icm-icn 25 Kmam-Wv. hnI-kzc
cmPy-ß-fn¬ Cd-®n-bpsS D]-t`mKw 2020 HmSp-IqSn 60 % Bbn h¿≤n-°p-
sa-∂mWv IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥ybn¬ ]Xn-h¿jw 1.95 Zi-
e£w I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, 10.6 Zi-e£w Fcp-a-Iƒ, 17.7 Zi-e£w sNΩ-
cn-bm-Sp-Iƒ, 40.5 Zi-e£w BSp-Iƒ, 4.2 Z-i-e£w ]∂n-Iƒ F∂nh
Iim∏p sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. a‰p kwÿm-\-ßsf At]-£n®v Cd-®n-bpsS
D]-t`m-K-Ønepw tIcfw ap∂n-em-Wv. 95% tØmfw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw C-d®n
Ign-°p-∂-Xmbpw, Ign-°p∂ Cd-®n°v aX]-c-amb \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Ipd-
hm-sW∂Xpw IW-°p-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kºq¿Æ km£-cX, kmaq-
lnI kmº-ØnI cwKsØ Db¿∂ hf¿®m \nc-°v, t]mj-I-ß-fpsS
Ah-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ t_m[-h-Xv°-cWw F∂nh CXn\v hgn-sbm-
cp-°p-∂p. ]Xn-h¿jw 1.5 Zi-e£w I∂p-Im-en-Isf Cd-®n-°p-th≠n
Iim∏p sNø-s∏-Sp∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Cd®n hyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ km[y-
X-I-tf-sd-bmWv.
C¥y t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ ap∂n-em-Wv. CXv Imcm-_o^v
F∂ t]cnedn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. C¥y≥ t]mØn-d®n arZphpw am¿±-h-ap-≈-Xp-
am-b-Xn-\m¬ A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-bn¬ Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv.
C¥ybn¬ Cfw-]m-b-Øn¬ t]mØp-Isf Iim-∏n\p hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-
Xn-\m¬ sImf-kvtSmfns‚ Afhv Ipd-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ a‰p Gjy≥ cmPy-
ß-fn¬ 7˛8 hb- n-\p-tijw amXsa Cd-®n-°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°m-
hq. ate-jy, CuPn-]vXv, bp.-F.-C., Xmbem‚ v, sba≥, P∏m≥, kuZn-
A-td-_y, Ham≥, Ipssh-‰v, JØ¿ F∂o cmPy-ß-fn-te°v C¥y Cd®n
Ib-‰p-aXn sNbvXp hcp-∂p. ate-jy, CuPn-]vXv, Cdm≥, tPm¿Um≥,
Xmbve‚ v F∂o cmPy-ß-fn-te°v t]mØn-d-®n-bpw, Cd-®n-bp-ev]-∂-ßfpw
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 45
Ib-‰p-aXn sNbvXp hcp-∂p. Kƒ^v cmPy-ß-fn-te°v tImgn-bn-d-®nbpw,
Dt]m-ev]-∂-ßfpw Ib-‰p-aXn
sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p. sImgp-∏ns‚
Afhv Ipd -hm -b -Xn -\m¬
C¥ybn¬ \n∂p≈ t]mØn-d-
®n°v A¥m-cmjvS hn]-Wn-
bn¬ Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv.
A¥m-cmjv S Xe-
Øn¬ Im¿jn-tIm-ev]-∂-߃
Xo‰-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn -°p∂
ta™p \S-°p∂ I∂p-Im-en-I-
fp-sS Cd-®n°v h≥ Bh-iy-
IX C∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. amX-a√ Ch-bn¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-I-ƒ,
B‚n_tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS tXmXv Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hpam-Wv.
Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ ]iv\-ß-tf-sd-bp-≠v. Aim-
kvXob Ad-hp-im-e-Iƒ, kwkvI-c-Ww, ioXo-I-c-W-ß kuI-cyßfpsS
A`mhw, ]mt°-Pnw-Knse A]-cym-]vX-X, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-
\n¿Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
ip≤-amb Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn\v km[y-X-tb-sd-bm-Wv. Ipfºp
tcmKw, AIn-Sp-ho°w F∂nh Dev]m-Z-\sØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂
tcmK-ß-fm-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvIr-X-bp-K-Øn¬ CXv Ib-‰p-a-Xn-tbbpw kmc-
ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. bqtdm-∏y≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ `m¥n-∏ip tcmKw dnt∏m¿ v
sNbvX-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv t]mØn-d®n hn]-Wn Icp-Øm¿÷n-®Xv.
Aim-kvXob Cd®n ]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw, P¥p-P-\y-tcm-K-ßfpw
Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ krjvSn®p hcp-∂p. Cd®n
Cd-°p-aXn sNøp-tºmƒ ]e-cm-Py-ßfpw sh‰-dn-\dn ]cn-tim-[-\, k¿´n-
^n-t°-j≥ F∂nh ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-t≠m-sb∂v hne-bn-cpØn hcp∂p.
`£ykpc-£n-XXz _n¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂-tXmsS Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-
Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ssek≥knwKv
]Inb A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Aem\, lnµv BtKm, A¬I-_o¿ XpS-ßnb
h≥InS Cd®n kwkvI-cW πm‚p-I-fmWv C¥y-bn¬ \n∂pw Cd®n IqSp-
X-embn Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xv. Dev]m-Z\w apX¬ kwkv°-cWw sXm´v
D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ ssII-fn¬ FØp-∂Xphsc `£y-kp-c£nXXz \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 46
tKm-Zvsd-Pv, sh¶n-tS-iz-c, kpKpW XpS-ßnb Iº-\n-Iƒ tImgn-
bn-d®n kwkvI-cWw, hn]-W-\w, Ib-‰p-aXn F∂n-h-bn¬ cmPyØv ap≥\n-
c-bn-em-Wv. Ch¿ Divisibility ]Inb hgn D]-t`m-‡m-hn\v CW-ßnb D¬]-
∂-߃ e`y-am°n hcp∂p.
tIµ Kh¨sa‚ v Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z-\w, kwkvI-c-Ww, hn]-W\w,
Ib-‰p-aXn taJ-e-I-fnse km≤y-X-Iƒ a\- n-em°n U¬ln-bnemcw-
`n® National Meat and Poultry Processing Board (NMPPB) D¬]m-Z-I¿°pw,
hy-hkmbnIƒ°pw, Ib-‰p-a-Xn-°m¿°pap≈ GI-Pm-e-I -kw-hn[m\ambn
]h¿Øn°pw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 47
tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-a-Xn°v
km[y-X-tb-dp∂p
tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-a-Xn- ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-°m≥ Ata-cn-°≥ hmWnPy
a¥m-ebw C¥ybpsS ta¬ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øn hcp∂p. 2000 Øns‚
BZyw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tImgn-°m¬ Cd-°p-aXn C¥y≥ tImgn-
h-f¿Ø¬ taJ-esb ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®n-cp-∂p ! tImgn-°m-en¬
KpW-ta∑ Ipd™ sImf-kvtSmƒ IqSp-X-em-sW∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Ata-
cn-°-bn¬ Ah-iy-°m¿ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Ipd™ hnebv°v
Gjy≥ cmPy-ß-fn-te°v Ch Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXv
C¥y≥ tImgn-hy-h-km-bsØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®-Xn-\m¬ 100% Cd-
°p-aXn Xocph NpaØn Cd-°p-aXn XS-bm≥ hmWnPy a¥m-e-b-Øn\v
Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ aq∂mw temI-cm-jvS-߃ hgn tImgn-°m¬ Cd-
°p-aXn sNbvXv DXv]-∂-ß-fm°n C¥y≥ hn-]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂ps≠-
∂Xv Xo¿Øpw A¤p-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ temI-hym-]mc Icm¿ A\p-k-cn®v Aw-K-cm-Py-߃
D¬]-∂-߃ Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Cd-°p-aXn AwKo-I-cn-t°-
≠-Xpap-≠v. Cu \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°p-∂n-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Ata-
cn-°-≥ hmWnPy a¥m-ebw temI- hym-]mc kwL-S-\ (WTO) sb kao-
]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta∑, £y-kp-c-£n-XXzw F∂n-
h-bn¬ temtIm-Øc \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp∂ Ata-cn-°≥ tImgn DXv]-
∂-ßfpsS C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ Cd-°p-a-Xnbv°v temI- hym-]m-c-kw-L-S\
klm-bn-°p-sa-∂mWv Ata-cn-°≥ hmWnPy a¥m-e-b-Øns‚ IW-°p-
Iq-´¬. Ghn-b≥ C≥^vfp-sh≥k (]£n-∏\n) \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xns‚ mK-
am-bp≈ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men®p hcp-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿ Ah-
Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tImgn-bn-d®n, ap´ a‰pXv]-∂-
߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Cd-°p-aXn C¥y≥ tImgn- hy-h-kmb taJ-esb
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 48
Xf¿Ømt\ D]-I-cn-°q! C¥y-bn¬ h¿≤n®p hcp-∂ tImgn-^m-ap-Iƒ,
kwkvI-cW bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂n-hsb CXv ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw.
_ko-epw, saIvkn-t°mbpw C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ tImgn-bnd®n Ib-‰p-aXn
e£y-an´v ImØncn°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Cd-°p-aXn B`y-¥c hn]-
Wnsb Xf¿Ømt\ D]-I-cn°q!
2013 Unkw-_-dn¬ C≥tUm-t\-jy-bnse _men-bn¬ sh®v \S∂
temI-hym-]mc kwL-S-\-bpsS Hº-Xm-aXv a¥n-Xe D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬ hnI-
kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Ib-‰p-aXn t]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ [mc-W-
bnse-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 49
_men D®tImSnbn¬
C¥y°v t\cnb t\´w
C≥tUmt\jybnse _menbn¬sh®v 2013 Unkw_dn¬ \S∂
160 cmPyßfn¬ \n∂p≈ AwK߃ ]s¶SpØ temIhym]mc
kwLS\bpsS HºXmaXv a¥nXe D®tImSnbn¬ C¥ybpsS \ne]mSv
]tXyIw it≤bambncn°p∂p `£ykpc£m_n¬
]mh¿ØnIam°nb C¥ybn¬ s]mXphnXcW kwhn[m\ØneqsS
ZmcnZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈h¿°v k_vknUn \nc°n¬
`£y[m\y߃ \¬Ip∂ Xocpam\sØ AwKXzcmPy߃
FXn¿Øncp∂p. F∂m¬ C¥y ]´nWn XSbm≥ `£y[m\y߃°v
k_vknUn \¬Im\p≈ Xocpam\sØ \ymboIcn®Xpaqew c≠v
Zim_vZ°meambn ]cnian®p hcp∂ WTO bpsS BtKmf hym]mc
Icm¿ ]mh¿ØnIam°m≥ Ign™n√. Gjy, B^n°,
em‰n\tacn°≥ cmPy߃ C¥ybpsS \ne]mSns\ ]n¥pW®ncp∂p.
Im¿jnI taJebnse Xocph Ipdbv°pI, AhnIknX
cmPy߃°v A¥mcmjvS hn]Wnbn¬ D¬]∂߃ hn]W\w
sNøm\p≈ Ahkcw e`yam°pI, Izm´clnX hn]Wn Dd∏phcpØpI
F∂o Imcyßfn¬ `qcn]£w AwKcmPyßfpw GItZi
[mcWbnseØnbn´p≠v Atacn°bpsS t\XrXzØn¬ 12 cmPyßfpsS
Iq´mbva TPP (Trans Pacific Partnership) F∂ t]cn¬ 2013
Ahkm\tØmsS kzX¥ hym]mc DSºSn \S∏nem°m\p≈
iaßfpw \S∂p hcp∂p.
`£ykpc£ \ne\n¿Øm≥ 70% tØmfw hcp∂ sNdpInS
I¿jIsc kwc£n°Wsa∂ sFIycmjvS kwLS\bpsS
Blzm\Øn\v th≠≠X ]cnKW\ e`n®n√. Atacn°bS°ap≈
AwKcmPy߃ `£yk_vknUn \n¿Øem°m\pw hnIkzc
cmPy߃°p≈ 10% k_vknUn Hgnhm°m\pw hmZn®psh∂Xv
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 50
hnIknX cmPyßfpsS \n£n]vX Xm¬]cyØn\v sXfnhmWv. Gjy,
B^n°, em‰n≥ Atacn°≥ cmPyßfnse sNdpInS I¿jI¿°v Cu
cwKØv ][m\ ]¶p hln°m≥ km[n°psa∂v sFIycmjvSkwLS\
hnebncpØptºmƒ C≥t¥mt\jybnse _menbn¬ sh®v \S∂
temIhym]mc kwLS\bpsS HºXmaXv a¥nXe N¿®bn¬ C¥y°v
t\cnb t\´w amXtabp≈p.
temIhym]mc kwLS\ (World Trade Organisation) bpsS
\nbaßfn¬ Im¿jnI taJebv°v klmbw hcpØp∂ XeØnep≈
am‰ßƒ A\nhmcyamWv. 1994 ¬ H∏psh® DdptKzXe Icmdn¬
hnIknX cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v anI® klmbw e n°ptºmƒ
hnIkzccmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v th≠X klmbtam
k_vkoUntbm e`n°p∂n√.
hnIknX cmPyßfn¬ hyhkmbnImSnÿm\Ønep≈
Im¿jnI ^manwKv coXnIfmWv \nehnep≈Xv. A¥mcmjvS
hn]Wnbn¬ ChcpsS Dev∏∂ßfmWv IqSpXemsbØp∂Xv. CXns‚
ImcWw as‰m∂pa√ BtKmf hym]mca\pkcn®v hnIkzc
cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v k_vkoUn e`n®ncp∂Xn¬ Ipdhv
h∂n´p≠v. F∂m¬ Ko≥t_mIvkn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn hnIknX
cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v k_vkoUn F∂ t]cne√, adn®v
s]m´£≥ F∂ t]cn¬ klmbw e`n®p hcp∂p. hnIkzc cmPyßfn¬
Dev]mZ\ Nnehv IpdhmsW¶nepw s]m´£\neqsS hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ \ns∂Øp∂ Dev∏\߃ Ipd™ hne°v A¥mcmjvS
hn]Wnbn¬ hne v°s∏Sp∂p. CXv hnIkzc cmPyßfnse
BtKmfhym]mc km[yXIƒ°v Xncn®SnbmIp∂p.
Ko≥ t_mIvkn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂ k_vkoUn t\cn´v
D¬]mZ\hpambn _‘s∏´Xs√¶nepw I¿jI¿°v Dev]mZ\£aX
Db¿Øm\p≈ hmXmb\ßfmWv Xpd°p∂Xv. CXv hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ `£ykpc£tbmsSm∏w kmaqlnI kpc£ Dd∏p
hcpØp∂p. temIhym]mc kwLS\ Ko≥t_mIvkv k_vkoUn
klmbw t]m’mln∏n°ptºmƒ hnIkzc cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v
CXv \ntj[n°p∂ Ahkcw kwPmXamIp∂p. DdptKzXe Icmdn\p
tijw BtKmfXeØn¬ Im¿jntIm¬∏∂ßfpsS hnebn¬ h≥
h¿≤\hp≠mbn´p≠v. `£y Im¿jnI kwLS\ (FAO) bpsS £y
hne kqNnI 2002 ¬ 89.9 Bbncp∂Xv 2012 ¬ 211.8 Bbn Db¿∂n´p≠v.
DdptKzXe Icmdn\\pkcn®v hn]Wn e£yan´p≈
Im¿jntIm¬∏∂߃°p≈ klmbw hym]mcsØ _m[n°p∂Xn\m¬
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 51
Amber box emWv s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. amXa√ Amber box k_vkoUn
G‰hpw Xmsg X´nemWv Xn´s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. hnIkzc
cmPyßfnenXv Im¿jntIm¬∏∂Øns‚ hnebpsS 10% hpw hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ 5% hpamWv. Ct∏mƒ \nehnep≈ hnebpw,
s]mXphn]Wnbnte°v tiJcn°p∂ hnebpw XΩnep≈ A¥csØ
samØw Dev]mZ\hpambn KpWn®mWv Amber box eqsSbp≈
klmbØn\v am\ZWvUw IW°m°nbncp∂Xv. Ct∏mgp≈
hneb\pkcn®v CXn¬ am‰w hcptØ≠nbncn°p∂p.
_menbn¬ sh®v \S∂ N¿®Iƒ Im¿jnI taJebpsS
hnIk\Øn\pXIm≥ C¥ybv°v Xmsg sImSpØncn°p∂
\n¿t±i߃ KpWIcamIpw.
1. Im¿jnI k_vkoUnbpsS ImcyØn¬ hnIknX cmPyßfpw
hnIkzc cmPyßfpw XΩnep≈ A¥cw Hgnhm°Ww.
2. Im¿jntIm¬∏∂ßfpsS hne t£y[m\yßfpsS
hne°b‰Øn\p B\p]mXnIambncn°Ww.
3. tiJcn® `£y hkvXp°ƒ°\pkcn®mbncn°Ww
k_vkoUn \¬tI≠Xv. adn®v FX Afhn\v tbmKyX t\Sn F∂
am\ZWvUØn\\pkcn®mIcpXv.
4. tiJcn® `£y[mm\y߃ B y¥c hn]Wnbn¬ £y
kpc£ Dd∏phcpØm\mbn D]tbmKn°m\p≈ \S]Sn kzoIcn°Ww.
temI hym]mc DSºSnbn¬ sNdpInS I¿jI¿°nWßnb
klmb ]≤XnIƒ Dƒs∏SpØnbm¬ amXsa C¥y≥ Im¿jnI
taJebv°v apt∂dm≥ km[n°q.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 52
Ubdn ^man¬ \n∂v sshZypXnbpw
NmWIØn¬ \n∂pw tKm_¿ Kymkv D≠m°p∂ kmt¶XnI
hnZy°v ]Xn‰m≠pIfpsS ]g°aps≠¶nepw tKm_¿ Kymkv
D]tbmKn®v sshZypXnbpw knen≠dn¬ compressed ]mNIhmXIhpw
\n¿Ωn°p∂ ]pØ≥ kmt¶XnIhnZy IqSpX¬ hn]pes∏´phcp∂p.
tKm_¿ Kymkv ip≤oIcn®v Compressed Liquefied Gas Bbn
knen≠dn¬ e`yam°p∂ ]Inbpw hn]pes∏´phcp∂p.
tKm_¿ Kymkn¬ \n∂pw Ipd™ Nnehn¬ sshZypXn
Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ kmt¶XnIhnZy sh‰dn\dn k¿∆Iemimebnse
bqWnthgvkn‰n ssehvtÃm°v ^man¬ em`Icambn D]tbmKn®p
hcp∂p. Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ sshZypXn ^man¬ Idh b¥w
]h¿Øn∏n°p∂Xn\pw CeIvSnIv _ƒ_pIƒ IØn°p∂Xn\pw
D]tbmKn°p∂p.
25 Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ tijnbpff tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚mWv
CXn\mbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. Znhtk\ 200In.Kmw NmWIhpw
shffhpw πm‚ntebv°v ISØnhnSpw. πm‚n¬ Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ tKm_¿
Kymkv clarifier hgn ip≤oIcn®v sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ P\td‰dn\p
C‘\ambn D]tbmKn°p∂p. P\td‰¿ ]h¿Øn∏n°p∂XneqsS
aWn°qdn¬ 4 Intemhm´v sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂p. Hcp aWn°qdn¬
P\td‰¿ ]h¿Øn∏n°phm≥ 3½ ˛ 4 Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ Kymkv
AXymhiyamWv. πm‚n¬ \n∂pw 2 ˛ 2½ aWn°q¿ t\ctØ°v
Bhiyamb sshZypXn°v th≠ KymkmWv Ct∏mƒ Dev]mZn∏n°p∂Xv.
ImeØpw sshIo´pw ^manse hnhn[ sjUpIfn¬ ]h¿Øn∏n°p∂
1½ HP tijnbpff 2 Idhb¥ßƒ 4 aWn°q¿ CXneqsSbmWv
]h¿Øn∏n°p∂Xv.
tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚n¬ \n∂pff …dn Xo‰]p¬Irjnbv°v
D]tbmKn®phcp∂p. ]®°dn, DZym\Irjn F∂nhbv°mhiyamb
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 53
NmWIw DW°ns∏mSn®v 20 Intem, 2½ Intem ]m°‰n¬ hn¬∏\
\SØnhcp∂p.
Hcp tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚ v IqSn ÿm]n®v ^mantebv°pw
Hm^okntebv°pw Bhiyamb sshZypXn ]q¿Æambn´pw
Dev]mZn∏n°p∂Xn\pff ia߃ \S∂phcp∂p.
5 ˛ 8 ]ip°sf hf¿Øp∂h¿°v tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚neqsS
^mapIƒ°mhiyamb sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ k¿∆IemimebpsS
]h¿Ø\߃ £oc kwcw`I¿°v amXrIbm°mhp∂XmWv.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 54
£oc-hn-]-Wn-bnse am-dp∂ ]h-W-X-Iƒ
temI-Øn¬ ht®-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ C¥y-
bn¬ ]mens‚ D]-t`mKw A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n®p hcp-∂-Xmbn IW-°p-Iƒ
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.- C-hn-SpsØ ]Xn-io¿j- ]m-ens‚ D]-t`mKw 281 Kmam-
Wv. F∂m¬ C¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v saUn-°¬ dnk¿®v ip]m¿i
sNøp-∂Xv 280 KmamWv ! £oc kwkv°cW taJ-e-bn¬ Aaq¬, aZ¿
Ub-dn, s\kvte, _n´m-\nb XpS-ßnbhbpsS hnhn[ _m≥Up-Iƒ
dos´-bn¬ hn]Wn-bn¬ kpe`amWv.
C¥y≥ £oc-ta-J-e-bn¬ ]pXnb hn]Wn Is≠-Øn-s°m≠v
hntZi Iº-\n-Iƒ ]h¿Ø-\-am-cw`n®p hcp-∂p. ASp-Ø-bnsS km∂n≤y-
ap-d-∏n® ^©v Iº-\n-bmb Umt\m¨ (Danone) Ign™ aq∂v h¿j-
ambn e£y-an -Sp -∂Xv cmPy-Øn-\n -W-ßnb ]pØ≥ C∂-th-j≥
]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-s°m-≠mWv ! ]pfn-∏n® ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fmb ssXcpw,
e nbpw hnhn[ cpNn-bnepw \nd-Ønepw C¥y-°m¿°n-W-ßnb cq]-Øn-
ep≈ Indovation t\mSp IqSn-bmWv Danone hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. C¥ybn¬ U¬ln apwss_, sslZcm_mZv, ]qs\ tIµo-I-cn-
®mWv hn]-W\w \SØn hcp∂Xv.
Umt\m-¨ C¥y-bnse h≥InS Ub-dn-Iƒ Gsd-d-SpØp≈ Hu´v
tkm¿knwKv coXn-bmWv A\p-h¿Øn®v hcp-∂-Xv. 33,200 tImSn cq]-bpsS
hn]-Wn-bp≈ ]pfn-∏n® £otcm-ev]-∂-ß-fn¬ Umt\m-Wns‚ hn]-W\
hnlnXw 2513.5 tImSn cq]-bmWv
A¥mcmjvS GP≥knbmb bqtdm tamWn-‰¿ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂Xv
95% tØmfw BtKm-f- £o-c- hn-]-Wn-bpsS hf¿® 2011-˛2016 Ime-b-f-
hn¬ ]pØ≥ hn]-Wnsb Bi-bn-®n-´m-bn-cn-°pw F∂-XmWv. sh≈w,
]mep-ev]-∂-߃, Ip´n-I-fpsS t]mj Imlmcw F∂n-hbpambn _‘s∏´
Dev]∂߃ Ch-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 55
Aaq¬, aZ¿ Ub-dn, s\kvte, _n´m-\nb F∂nh tIµoIcn®
hn]Wnbn¬ tIhew aq∂p h¿jw -sIm≠v Umt\m-Wn\v C¥y≥ hn]-
Wn-bn¬ apt∂-dm≥ Ign-™n´p≠v. \yqkn-em‚nse Fonterraow bpw
C¥y≥ hn]-Wn-bnep≠v. sF.-Sn.-kn, dne-b≥kv F∂nh C¥y≥ £oc-
ta-J-e-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-bv°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv. cmPyØv ssXcns‚
]Xn-io¿j D]-t mKw ]Xn-h¿jw 2.3 IntemKmamWv. ^m≥kn-enXv
25 In.-Km-apw, P¿Ω-\n-bn-¬ 24 In.-Kmapw, tlmf≠n¬ 23 Intem-Km-ap-
amWv. e n, ssXcv F∂nh Huj[ KpW-Ønepw Zl\ ]In-b-bnepw
ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂ t]m_-tbm-´n-°p-I-fm-Wv. tcmK-]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn
Db¿Øm-\pw, Im≥k¿ t]mep≈ tcmK-ßsf \nb-¥n-°m\pw t]m_-
tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂ hn]W\ X¥ßƒ Ata-cn-°≥, bqtdm-
∏y≥ hn]-Wn-bn¬ hn]p-e-s∏´p hcp-∂XmWv Umt\m-Wns\ C¥y≥
hn]-Wn-bn-te-°m-I-¿-jn-®Xv. Ch¿ IqSp-X-embn e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv 30 tImSn-
tbmfw hcp∂ \Kchmkn-I-sf-bm-Wv. C¥y-°m¿°v Ip´n-°mew sXm´v
`£-W-tØm-sSm∏w ssXcv Ign-°p∂ ioe-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ CØcw Dev]-
∂-߃ hn]-W\w \S-Øm-s\-fp-∏-hpamWv ! C¥y≥ ssXcv hn]-Wn-
bn¬ Aaq-en\v 30% hn]-Wn-bp-≠v. aZ¿ Ub-dn°v 27% hpw s\kvte°v
25% hpw, tKmh¿≤\v 8% hpw, _n´m-\n-bbv°v 4% hpw hn]-Wn-bp-≈-
t∏mƒ Umt\m¨ CXn-\Iw 5% hn]Wn Iø-S°n Ign-™p. sNdnb
]m°nw-Kn-em-°n-bp≈ ssXcn-\mWv hn]-W\ km[yXtbsd-bp-≈-Xv.
Dev]mZ\ tIµ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ioXo-I-cn® hml-\-ß-fn-emWv hnev]\
tIµ-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Aaq-en\v hn]-Wn-bn¬ 3˛5% amXw em -hn-
lnXw e`n-°p-tºmƒ BtKmf Iº-\n-Iƒ Dev]-∂-߃ Db¿∂
hnebv°v hn¬°p∂Xmbn Aaq-ens‚ amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿ B¿. Fkv.
t_m[n A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Nn√d hym]mc taJ-e-bn¬ hntZi \nt£]w hcp-∂-tXmsS
h≥InS dos´-bn¬ Iº-\n-Iƒ kzImcy _m≥UpItfmSv Xm¬]cyw
]ISn∏n°m\p≈ km[yXtbdp∂p. kvIqƒ Ip´n-Isf e£y-an´v
Fundooz F∂ Dev]-∂hpw Umt\m¨ hn]-Wn-bn-en-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ata-
cn-°-bn¬ tbmK¿´ns‚ ]Xn-io¿j D]-t mKw ]Xn-h¿jw 5.6 Intem-
Km-an¬ \n∂v 10 In.-Km-ambn Db¿Øm≥ Ign-™n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ C¥y-
bn-enXv 2.3 Intem-Kman¬ \n∂v 6 Intem-Km-ambn Db¿Øm-\mWv
Umt\m¨ e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.
Top Related