Pagina 1© SENER Ingeniería y Sistemas S.A. 2009
DISEÑO DE SISTEMAS DE LAMINACIÓN DE AGUAS PLUVIALES
Juan JosJuan Joséé de la Torre de la Torre SuSuñéñé
SENER, INGENIERSENER, INGENIERÍÍA Y SISTEMAS, S.A.A Y SISTEMAS, S.A.
© SENER Grupo de Ingeniería, S.A. – Getxo, 2009
Áreas de Negocio Unidades Estratégicas de Negocio Área de Industria Aeroespacial Área de Energía y Medio AmbienteÁrea de Ingeniería
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© SENER Grupo de Ingeniería, S.A. – Getxo, 2009
Áreas de Negocio Unidades Estratégicas de Negocio Área de Industria Aeroespacial Área de Energía y Medio AmbienteÁrea de Ingeniería
SENER INGENIERÍA Y SISTEMAS – INSTALACIONES
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México DF Varsovia
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Okayama
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San FranciscoArgel
2-2
Northern Virginia BMP Handbook 11/6/92
In the Northern Virginia region, the
greatest threats posed by non-point
source pollution are excess nutrients,
particularly phosphorus, which is the
controlling pollutant for eutrophic con-
ditions in fresh water environments.
As demonstrated in Figure 2-2, nutri-
ents and sediments account for ap-
proximately 80 percent of all non-point
source pollution to the nation's lakes.
Some common sources of phospho-
rus include weathering and solution of
phosphate materials, atmospheric
deposition, groundwater, agricultural
and urban runoff, domestic and industrial sewage, septic systems, and waterfowl waste.
Excessive phosphorus loadings are of great concern to local water systems, such as the
Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, because they result in eutrophication which
Figure 2-2:Primary Types of Non-Point
Source Pollution in Lakesin the United States
(Source: USDA, 1991)
➤D
ISC
HA
RG
E
TIME
Figure 2-1: Pre and Post-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
(Adapted from DeGroot, 1982)
➤
Post-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
Pre-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
Nutrients58%
22%
4%
4%
3%
3%3%
2%
1%
Sediment
PhysicalHabitatAlteration
Acidity
Oxygen Demand
Toxics
SalinityPathogens
Pesticides
First Flush Phenomenon Characterization
Prepared for
Prepared for:
California Department of Transportation Division of Environmental Analysis
1120 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814
CTSW-RT-05-73-02.6
Prepared by:
Michael K. Stenstrom
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California, Los Angeles
Masoud Kayhanian
Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California, Davis
August 2005
7
Fognature: schemi e dimensionamento - Prof. G. Becciu
Tempo
Pioggia
PortateConcentrazioni
Ietogramma
Idrogramma
Pollutogramma
Controllo piene
Controllo dell’inquinamento
Tempo
Dove intervenire per ridurre lDove intervenire per ridurre l’’impatto dei deflussi meteoriciimpatto dei deflussi meteorici
C-17
DESCRIPTIONConstructed wetlands and multiple pond systems treat runoff through adsorption, plantuptake, filtration, volatilization, precipitation, and microbial decomposition. They aredesigned to simulate the water quality improvement functions of natural wetlands to treatand contain surface water runoff pollutants and decrease loadings.
SELECTION CRITERIA• Moderate to large drainage area.• Shallow surface water table.• Optimal water depth is approximately 6 inches.• Poorly drained organic soils.
LIMITATIONS• Potential augmentation of water flows.• Seasonal variability of plant growth.• Potential breading grounds for insects and undesirable odors.• Maintenance is required for efficiency.• Potential increase of thermal discharge, oxygen demand, and net nutrient loading.
DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS• An area consisting of at least 2 to 3 percent of the total contributing watershed’s area will
be needed.• Multiple pond systems potentially provide much higher levels of treatment.
Targeted PollutantsSuspended SedimentsTotal PhosphorusTotal NitrogenHeavy MetalsChemical Oxygen Demanding SubstancesTrace Metals
Implementation Requirements
Capital Costs
O&M Costs
Maintenance
Training
High Low
Structural BMP Fact SheetSFWMD-BMP-DS-3 - Detention Systems - Constructed Wetlands
NONSTRUCTURAL URBAN BMP HANDBOOK
5-44
factors will affect costs such as decisions regard-ing vegetative harvesting to prevent nutrient re-release.
Longevity – Factors influencing the longevityof created wetlands will primarily be the ability toregulate water depths, reinforcement of plantings,and selection of an experienced wetland consult-ant and/or contractor for design. If sediment fore-bays are used, this enhancement will also increasethe life span of the BMP.
Environmental Concerns – Stormwater wet-lands can result in increased temperatures down-stream as a result of their shallow nature. Place-ment of trees to shade shallow water areas canmitigate this to some extent. Also, there may bepossible takeover by invasive nuisance plants (e.g.loosestrife, cattails, and phragmites). Finally, bac-terial contamination may result if waterfowl popu-lations become very dense.
Source: MWCOG, Design of StormwaterWetland Systems: 1992.
FIGURE 5.2.4Schematic Design of an EnhancedShallow Marsh System
2-2
Northern Virginia BMP Handbook 11/6/92
In the Northern Virginia region, the
greatest threats posed by non-point
source pollution are excess nutrients,
particularly phosphorus, which is the
controlling pollutant for eutrophic con-
ditions in fresh water environments.
As demonstrated in Figure 2-2, nutri-
ents and sediments account for ap-
proximately 80 percent of all non-point
source pollution to the nation's lakes.
Some common sources of phospho-
rus include weathering and solution of
phosphate materials, atmospheric
deposition, groundwater, agricultural
and urban runoff, domestic and industrial sewage, septic systems, and waterfowl waste.
Excessive phosphorus loadings are of great concern to local water systems, such as the
Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, because they result in eutrophication which
Figure 2-2:Primary Types of Non-Point
Source Pollution in Lakesin the United States
(Source: USDA, 1991)
➤D
ISC
HA
RG
E
TIME
Figure 2-1: Pre and Post-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
(Adapted from DeGroot, 1982)
➤
Post-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
Pre-DevelopmentStream Hydrology
Nutrients58%
22%
4%
4%
3%
3%3%
2%
1%
Sediment
PhysicalHabitatAlteration
Acidity
Oxygen Demand
Toxics
SalinityPathogens
Pesticides
5-19
Northern Virginia BMP Handbook 11/6/92
B) Principles of Mitigating Water Quality Impacts
It is imperative that suspended sediment be removed from runoff water before it enters the
infiltration trench storage chamber. Experience has shown that clogging by sediment has
been the principle cause of past failure of these facilities. Keeping this design requirement
in mind, one can view the pollution removal system of an infiltration trench as two separate
mechanisms. The sediment control system needed to maintain the function of the trench
removes those pollutants associated with suspended solids. These include adsorbed
phosphorus, certain heavy metals, and some exchangeable ions. Upon infiltration into the
soil, the water enters an environment where several chemical and biological processes
attenuate the levels of an array of pollutant species. Of principal interest is the ability of most
soils to irreversibly fix large amounts of soluble orthophosphate by chemical precipitation
and by surface adsorption to soil minerals. Infiltration trenches located in a landscape
position that is hydrologically connected to vegetated, poorly drained soils may have the
singular ability to remove nitrate nitrogen (NO3) through denitrification to nitrogen gas (N2).
Figure 5-7: Infiltration Trench with Concentrated Input andAugmented Pipe Storage
(Source: Fairfax County Soils Office, 1991)
Two PerforatedOverflow CollectionLines
BMP WaterQuality Volume
StormwaterDetention Volume
Bottom Sand Filter
SodFilter Gravel
Three CorrugatedMetal PerforatedPipes
Geotextile FilterFabric (Mirafi 700Xor Equivalent)
SedimentSediment
Aggregate
Sediment
15
Fognature: schemi e dimensionamento - Prof. G. Becciu
Sistemi di drenaggio urbanoSistemi di drenaggio urbano
infiltrazionese compatibile
infiltrazionese compatibile
Vasca di prima pioggia
Vasca di prima pioggia e vasca volano
Sistema separato “perfetto” e senza inquinamento delle superfici (non necessità di vasche di prima pioggia)
Sistema misto
Vasca volano
7
Fognature: controllo degli scarichi - Prof. Gianfranco Becciu
Vasche in sito - 1
livello maxsfioratore
Pozzetto di ispezioneventilazione
Tubo d’uscita
Tubo d’entrata
Regolatore di flusso
23
CELL # 2
SLOPE = 2 %
SU
MP
SU
MP
CELL # 1
CELL # 2
CELL # 1
SLOPE = 2 %
SLOPE = 2 %
SLOPE = 2 %
"A"
"A"
"B"
"B"
600
mm
Dia
met
er S
ewer
Influent Sewer
Location of floatele. 175.75
Loca
tion
of fl
oat
ele.
175
.75
Loca
tion
of fl
oat
ele.
173
.65
Loca
tion
of fl
oat
ele.
173
.25
1650
500
2500
2000
43000
500
500
3985
0
8120
0
3985
0
1650 mm Diameter
ALL
DIM
EN
SIO
NS
SH
OW
N A
RE
IN m
m
Figure 6-11. Sarnia - CSO Storage Tank, Plan View
35
Figure 6-18. 14th Street Pumping Station - Tanks B1, B2 and B3
Figure 6-19. 14th Street Pumping Station - Tank B4
20
Plan View
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
2 %
3.7 %
FlushwaterSupply Pipe
3.7 %
Training Wall
Sump Sump
Flushing Gate (typ.)
Storage VolumeAdjustment Pipe
FlushwaterStorage Area
Section "A"
"A""A"
4.4 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.4
30.5
Figure 6-9. Cheboygan - Circular CSO Storage Tank, Plan and Section Views
21
Figure 6-10. Cheboygan - Photograhs of Circular CSO Storage Tank
8
Fognature: controllo degli scarichi - Prof. Gianfranco Becciu
Vasche in sito - 2
45
Effect of site controls(detention ponds)
Time
Flow Developed conditionswithout controls
Pre-developmentconditions
Developed conditionswith controls
44
Detention Ponds
Courtesy of Peter Shanahan. Used with permission.
16b_v2 Plan: plan 16b_v2 5/21/2009
Legend
WS 10FEB1999 0310
Ground
Bank Sta
Ground
Pagina 1© SENER Ingeniería y Sistemas S.A. 2009
FIN
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