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[}emnml`lanabs b Bsqnqsqlcn C
Bsqnqsqlcn
In}ln ab Dnqlin Ilorbjs
Nje @bcqlte =;;;
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1*3 Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2>1*3*> Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs ml`nqb}n` {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2>1*3*= Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2=1*3*3 Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21
1*1 Erq}es qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 22
1*1*> Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n {}e{e}cne * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 221*1*= Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n cei{n}ncne ae tn`e} ibale ab arns {e{r`ncebs * * * * 2?
1*2 Qbsqb ne {}bssr{esqe an je}in`lanab ab rin {e{r`ncne * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4;
2 ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs 4?2*> ]b`ncne bjq}b tn}lntbls * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4?2*= Ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 472*3 Ibqeae aes ijlies ~rna}naes {n}n bsqlin} ; b > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4
2*1*> Bsqlinae} {n}n = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?>2*1*= ^rn`lanab ae nfrsqnibjqe * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?=
2*2 Alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi aes bsqlinae}bs; b
> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?32*2*> Alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi ab > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?3
2*2*= Alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi ab ; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?12*4 Ljdb}bjcln sem}b es {n}nibq}es ae ieab`e * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?2
2*4*> Ljdb}bjcln sem}b > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?22*4*= Ljdb}bjcln sem}b ; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ??2*4*3 Ljdb}bjcln sem}b = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?7
2*? Bsqlincne ae tn`e} bs{b}nae ab \ {n}n rin emsb}tncne ; an tn}lntb` cejq}e`nan * * ? Qnmb`n ab bsqlinae}bs {n}n e tn`e} ibale tn}lnjcln abstle {na}ne b {}e{e}cne * * * * =;
3*> Ljqb}tn`es ab cejnjcn {n}n e tn`e} ibale * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 111*= Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 171*3 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2;1*1 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 241*2 Qbsqbs {n}n n {}e{e}cne { * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 241*4 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n cei{n}ncne ab aels tn`e}bs ibales * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2?
3
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@lsqn ab Dlor}ns
>*> Drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab an {e{r`ncne b an niesq}n * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ?
3*> Ljqb}tn`es ab cejnjcn {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A * * * * * * * * * * * * * =
1*> Qbsqb ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 11
1*= Qbsqb ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 111*3 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1?1*1 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 171*2 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A * * * * * * * * * * * * 2;1*4 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2>1*? Qbsqb ml`nqb}n` {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2=1*7 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 231*< Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n n tn}lnjcln * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 221*>; Qbsqb ae ~rl)~rna}nae ne {}bssr{esqe ab je}in lanab * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 43
1
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Cn{qr`e >
Ljdb}bjcln Bsqnqsqlcn
>*> Ljq}earcne
N ljdb}bjcln bsqnqsqlcn b rin n}bn ab bsqrae abalcnan ne absbjte`tlibjqe b n{`lcncne ab ibqeaes~rb {esslml`lqbi n qeinan ab abclsebs b n {}balcne ab ~rnjqlanabs abscejgbclans jrin {e{r`ncne*Bsqb ibqeaes rql`lvni n ljde}incne cejqlan jrin niesq}n sb`bcclejnan an {e{r`ncne*
N ljdb}bjcln bsqnqsqlcn {eab sb} altlalan bi arns o}njabs n}bns6 bsqlincne ab {n}nibq}es b qbsqbsab gl{eqbsbs* Ceie bwbi{`e ab ri {}em`bin sem}b bsqlincne ab {n}nibq}es sr{ejgnies ~rb ribjobjgbl}e {}bqbjab njn`lsn} n }bslsqbjcln ab rin cei{ejbjqb rsnan je cgnssls ab ri nrqeietb`*Sbjae jnqr}n` ~rb n }bslsqbjcln tn}lb ab cei{ejbjqb {n}n cei{ejbjqb lsqe abtlae n aldb}bjcns ~rb{eabi ece}}b} jes inqb}lnls b je {}ecbsse ab dnm}lce ab cnan cei{ejbjqb nssli ceie jes ibqeaesab `blqr}n an }bs{bcqltn }bslsqbjcln e bjobjgbl}e bsqn n{bjns ljqb}bssnae bi bsqlin} n }bslsqbjclnibaln absqb ql{e ab cei{ejbjqbs* Jn {}nqlcn e bjobjgbl}e l}n rql`lvn} es anaes ab rin niesq}n ab}bslsqbjclns {n}n abqb}iljn} ri jrib}e ~rb ab n`ori ieae cejslab}b sb} rin men ntn`lncne 'er rin
{}balcne, an tb}anabl}n }bslsqbjcln ibaln* Bsqb jrib}e b abjeiljnae bsqlinqltn {ejqrn`* Tb}biesqnimbi ~rb b {esstb` bsqnmb`bcb} n {}bclsne absqn bsqlinqltn*
Cejslab}bies n slqrncne bi ~rb arns qbi{b}nqr}ns ab }bnccne alonies q> b q= {eabi sb} rql)`lvnans jri {}ecbsse ~rilce* Ri bjobjgbl}e cejfbcqr}n ~rb cei q> emqb}n bi ibaln }bsr`qnaes abinle} o}njabvn ae ~rb cei q=* E qbsqb bsqnqsqlce ab gl{eqbsbs b rin db}}nibjqn ~rb {b}ilqb }bse`tb}~rbsqebs absqb ql{e* Jbsqb cnse n gl{eqbsb sb}n ~rb e }bsr`qnae ibale ~rnjae rsnan n qbi{b}nqr}nq> b inle} ~rb e }bsr`qnae ibale ~rnjae rsnan n qbi{b}nqr}n q=* ]b{n}b ~rb jne b anae bjdnsb knbsqlincne aes }bsr`qnaes ibales8 bi tbv alsse n nqbjcne b al}lolan {n}n n cejc`rsne ~rb sb {eab}bql}n} ncb}cn an gl{eqbsb de}ir`nan sem}b es }bsr`qnaes ibales*
Ceibcnies {e} abjl} niesq}n n`bnqe}ln cejcblqe drjanibjqn` jn ljdb}bjcln bsqnqsqlcn* Inlsqn}ab tb}bies e cejcblqe ab bsqlinae} b bsqlinqltn ab ri {n}nibq}e b jn`ibjqb l}bies cn`cr`n}
n {}bclsne an bsqlinqltn ab ri {n}nibq}e njn`lsnjae ns {}e{}lbanabs ae bsqlinae} rql`lvnae b%erabqb}iljnjae bsqlinqltns {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn*
>*= [e{r`ncne b niesq}n n`bnqe}ln
>*=*> [e{r`ncne
Bwbi{`e >*> Cejslab}bies e cejfrjqe ab n`rjes an DCQ%RJ@ b n ljde}incne ncb}cn ae jrib}e ab{bssens ~rb cei{ebi e }bs{bcqlte no}bonae dnil`ln}* Nailqnies ~rb 2"
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>* Ljdb}bjcln Bsqnqsqlcn 4
>" aes n`rjes qbi ri no}bonae dnil`ln} cejsqlqrae {e} > = 3 1 2 4 b ? {bssens }bs{bcqltnibjqb* Sbde}ies bsce`gb} ri n`rje ne cnse b }bolsqn}ies e j*e ab {bssens je sbr no}bonae dnil`ln} {eab}biesemqb} ri tn`e} Wj*e {bssens je no}bonae dnil`ln} cei n sborljqb drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab
W > = 3 1 2 4 ?;*;2 ;*;< ;*1; ;*3; ;*>; ;*;2 ;*;>Sb e emfbcqlte de} bsqran} e j*e ab {bssens ~rb cejsqlqrbi e no}bonae dnil`ln} aes n`rjes an DCQ%RJ@bssb emfbcqlte cejslsqb bi bsqran} n t*n* W*
Bssb bsqrae {eab}n {nssn} {b`n bsqlincne an drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab ab W er {b`n bsqlincne aej*e bs{b}nae ab {bssens je no}bonae dnil`ln} ab ri n`rje er {b`n bsqlincne ae abstle {na}ne ab Wbqc*
Je drjae e bsqrae ljclab sem}b n t*n* W er sbfn sem}b n alsq}lmrlcne ae j*e ab b`bibjqes ~rbcei{ebi e no}bonae dnil`ln} aes n`rjes an DCQ%RJ@*
Abjlcne >*> Rin {e{r`ncne cejslsqb jn qeqn`lanab ans emsb}tncebs ae dbjeibje bi bsqrae*
Bi cnan {}em`bin n {e{r`ncne {eab sb} {b~rbjn o}njab er ljjlqn* E jrib}e ab emsb}tncebsjn {e{r`ncne b abslojnae {e} alibjsne an {e{r`ncne* [e} bwbi{`e e jrib}e ab on}}ndns jne cei){`bqnibjqb cgblns {}earvlans {e} aln jrin bi{}bsn ab }bd}lob}njqbs b rin {e{r`ncne jlqn* Nsemsb}tncebs emqlans {e} ibalcne ae jtb` aln}le ab iejewlae ab cn}meje b rin {e{r`ncne ljjlqn*
N bsqnqsqlcn abalcn)sb ne bsqrae an {e{r`ncne er sbfn ne bsqrae an }b{n}qlcne ab {}emnml`lanabsaes sbrs tn`e}bs* Sb }b{}bsbjqn}ies {e} W e cejfrjqe aes tn`e}bs an {e{r`ncne bsqran} W sb}n bsqran}n srn }b{n}qlcne ab {}emnml`lanabs sb}n {e}qnjqe bsqran} n srn alsq}lmrlcne*
Bssb bsqrae {eab}n {nssn} {b`n bsqlincne an {}e{}ln drjcne ab alsq}lmrlcne ab W er {b`e bsqlincneae tn`e} ab n`orjs aes {n}nibq}es an alsq}lmrlcne ~rb sb nailqb sb} n inls ce}}bcqn {n}n W*
[e} bwbi{`e ri bjobjgbl}e {eab cejslab}n} ~rb n {e{r`ncne ans }bslsqbjclns ab ri b`bibjqeae cgnssls qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` cei tn`e} ibale b tn}lnjcln =* '^rnjae cejslab}nies bsqb
{}bssr{esqe alvbies ~rb qbies rin {e{r`ncne je}in` er rin {e{r`ncne je}in`ibjqb alsq}lmran*,E sbr emfbcqlte b bsqlin} n }bslsqbjcln ibaln abssb b`bibjqe ae cgnssls*
>*=*= Niesq}n
Jn inle}ln ans slqrncebs b li{esstb` er li{}nqlcntb` emsb}tn} n qeqn`lanab an {e{r`ncne* [e}bwbi{`e jne sb}ln tlntb` bsqran} n }bslsqbjcln ae b`bibjqe ae cgnssls nq}ntbs an emsb}tncne ab qeaeses b`bibjqes an {e{r`ncne* Lsse sb}ln abinslnae abie}nae b als{bjalese* N`bi ae inls n`orjs '{e}tbjqr}n qeaes, abssbs b`bibjqes jne bwlsql}lni je ieibjqe bi ~rb sb ~rb} ql}n} rin cejc`rsne ncb}cnan srn }bslsqbjcln ibaln*
Nssli sb`bcclejnies n`orjs b`bibjqes an {e{r`ncne b cei e bsqrae ans srns cn}ncqb}sqlcns
tnies ql}n} l`nccebs sem}b ns cn}ncqb}sqlcns ab qean n {e{r`ncne*Nae{qnjae bsqb {}ecbalibjqe cnies ab{bjabjqbs ab ri cejfrjqe ab emsb}tncebs an {e{r`ncne
{n}n {eab}ies qein} abclsebs ncb}cn ab qean n {e{r`ncne*Abjlcne >*= Rin niesq}n b ri cejfrjqe ab emsb}tncebs sb`bcclejnans ne ncnse b sborjae riibqeae {}b)bsqnmb`bclae ab rin {e{r`ncne*
Bwbi{`e >*= Je bsqrae sem}b e jrib}e W ab {bssens ~rb cei{ebi e no}bonae dnil`ln} aes n`rjesDCQ%RJ@ }bce`gbr)sb rin niesq}n ab tn`e}bs }bs{blqnjqbs n 2; n`rjes 'sb`bcclejnaes ne ncnse,* Jn
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>* Ljdb}bjcln Bsqnqsqlcn ?
qnmb`n ~rb sb sborb }bsrib)sb n ljde}incne emqlan6
Tn`e}bs niesq}nls > = 3 1 2 4 ? Qeqn`
D}b~rbjcln nmse`rqn = 4 >7 >1 4 3 > 2;
D}b~rbjcln }b`nqltn ;*;1 ;*>= ;*34 ;*=7 ;*>= ;*;4 ;*;= >*;;
E cejfrjqe ab d}b~rbjclns }b`nqltns absqn niesq}n cejsqlqrl rin bsqlinqltn an drjcne ab {}emnml`)lanab ab W*
Sr{ejgn ~rb b}n {esstb` lj~rl}l} qeaes es n`rjes b ceie qn` emqb} n drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab ab W6
W
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
Dlor}n >*>6 Drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab an {e{r`ncne b an niesq}n
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
D}b~ ems
J* {bssens % No}bonae
J* {bssens
;*;
;*>
;*=
;*3
;*1
;*2
[n}n ~rb ns jessns ljdb}bjclns sbfni tn`lans n niesq}n abtb sb} }b{}bsbjqnqltn an {e{r`ncne* B{e} tbvbs qbjqnae} sb`bcclejn} b`bibjqes an {e{r`ncne n{`lcnjae c}lqb}les jn srn bsce`gn ceie {e}bwbi{`e n ceiealanab an srn sb`bccne* Bsqns nqlqrabs {eabi ljq}earvl} rin qbjabjcln jn niesq}n{}etecnjae bsqlinqltns srm)ntn`lnans er sem}b)ntn`lnans* [n}n btlqn} bsqbs {}em`bins abtbies sb)`bcclejn} rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln rsnjae ri ibcnjlsie ab bsce`gn cnsrn`* Nssli sbjae n sb`bccneab rin niesq}n abtb sb} }bsr qnae ab rin bw{b}lbjcln n`bnqe}ln* Cnan anae niesq}n` b ri tn`e}emsb}tnae ab rin tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln* E ieae ceie sb alsq}lmrbi ns emsb}tncebs jn {e{r`ncne lsqe bn srn drjcne ab alsq}lmrlcne abqb}iljn n {}emnml`lanab ab sb`bccne ab ri anae*
Bwbi{`e >*3 Sb ab dncqe n drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab ab W b
W
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
bjqne sb}n bsce`glae ri n`rje cei e no}bonae cejsqlqrae {e} > {bssen cei {}emnml`lanab ;*;2 rin`rje cei = {bssens je no}bonae cei {}emnml`lanab ;*;
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>* Ljdb}bjcln Bsqnqsqlcn 7
emsb}tncebs niesq}nls sne emqlans ceie sb emsb}tnssbies W ljab{bjabjqbibjqb b sem ns ibsinscejalcebs {e} j tbvbs* Sbfn Wl n tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln ~rb }b{}bsbjqn n l)bslin }b{`lcn* Bjqne nst*n*s W>, W=, * * * , W j cejsqlqrbi rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln b es tn`e}bs ~rb sb emqbi {e} cejc}bqlvncneabsqn niesq}n n`bnqe}ln sne }b{}bsbjqnaes {e} >, =, * * * , j* Ns tn}lntbls n`bnqe}lns ~rb cejsqlqrbi nniesq}n n`bnqe}ln sne ljab{bjabjqbs b qbi qeans n ibsin drjcne ab alsq}lmrlcne D rin tbv ~rb sb
nailqb ~rb cnan emsb}tncne niesq}n` b emqlan jns ibsins cejalcebs b jn ibsin {e{r`ncne*
Bwbi{`e >*1 Sb je bsqrae ab W)j*e ab {bssens {e} no}bonae dnil`ln} aes n`rjes an DCQ%RJ@e{qn}ies {e} sb`bcclejn} ne ncnse b cei }b{eslcne rin niesq}n ab 3 n`rjes bjqne W> }b{}bsbjqne j*e ab {bssens ae no}bonae dnil`ln} ae >e n`rje ~rb tlb}ies n sb`bcclejn}* C`n}e ~rb sb n drjcneab {}emnml`lanab ab W de}
W
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
bjqne e j*e ab {bssens ae no}bonae dnil`ln} absqb >e n`rje qb}n drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab
W> > = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
E j*e ab {bssens ae no}bonae dnil`ln} ae =e n`rje ~rb tlb}ies n sb`bcclejn} qb}n drjcne ab {}emnml`l)anab
W=
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
b e j*e ab {bssens ae no}bonae dnil`ln} ae 3e n`rje ~rb tl} n bsce`glae qb}n drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab
W3> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
Sb n bsce`gn absqbs 3 n`rjes de} {b}dblqnibjqb cnsrn` b rsn}ies ri ibqeae ab niesq}nobi cei}b{eslcne bjqne W>, W= b W3 sne t*n*s ljab{bjabjqbs b qeans lorn`ibjqb alsq}lmrans cei rinalsq}lmrlcne labjqlcn kn an {e{r`ncne W*
Nailqnies ~rb n{es n bsce`gn aes n`rjes sb emsb}tn}ni es tn`e}bs > 9 2 = 9 > b 3 9 3* Lsqeslojlcn ~rb n niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, W=, W3, del cejc}bqlvnan jn niesq}n emsb}tnan '>, =, 3, 9'2, >, 3,*
Abjlcne >*3 Sbfn W rin {e{r`ncne b 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln }bsr`qnjqb an sb)`bccne ne ncnse b cei }b{eslcne ab j b`bibjqes ab W* Bjqne6
'n, W>
, W=
, * * * , W j
sne tn}lntbls n`bnqe}lns ljab{bjabjqbs8
'm, W>, W=, * * * , W j sne tn}lntbls n`bnqe}lns labjqlcnibjqb alsq}lmrans cei alsq}lmrlcne lorn` kn an{e{r`ncne W*
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=* Bsqlincne [ejqrn` >;
sb alscrqbi {}em`bins ab ljdb}bjcln bsqnqsqlcn sem}b {n}nibq}es ab rin {e{r`ncne b gnmlqrn` e rseab `bq}ns o}bons {n}n jn }b{}bsbjqncne abssbs {n}nibq}es* [e} bwbi{`e {n}n e tn`e} ibale ab rin{e{r`ncne {n}n e abstle {na}ne ab rin {e{r`ncne*
E emfbcqlte an bsqlincne {ejqrn` ab ri {n}nibq}e cejslsqb jn nq}lmrlcne ab ri tn`e} jrib}lcemnsbnae jn ljde}incne an niesq}n ~rb sbfn ri tn`e} {`nrstb` {n}n * Bssb tn`e} jrib}lce sb}n n
bsqlinqltn {ejqrn` ae {n}nibq}e*Bi ob}n` sb W b rin {e{r`ncne cei drjcne ab alsq}lmrlcne D cn}ncqb}lvnan {e} ri {n}nibq}e
ab tn`e} abscejgbclae b sb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab alibjsne j an {e{r`ncne Wbjqne n bsqnqsqlcn 9 g 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b abjeiljnan bsqlinae} {ejqrn` ab * ]b{n}b ~rb b rintn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln {e}~rb b drjcne ab tn}lntbls n`bnqe}lns* N{es rin niesq}n qb} slae sb`bcclejnan qein ri tn`e} jrib}lce {n}qlcr`n} cgninae bsqlinqltn {ejqrn` ab *
Abjlcne =*= Rinbsqlinqltn {ejqrn`ae {n}nibq}e ab rin {e{r`ncne b ri rjlce tn`e} jrib}lce ab rin bsqnqsqlcn emqlae {b`n emsb}tncne '>, =, * * * , j, ab rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln'W>, W=, * * * , W j,*
Bwbi{`e =*> ]bo}bssbies ne bwbi{`e ae j*e ab {bssens {e} no}bonae dnil`ln} aes n`rjes an DCQ%RJ@*Sr{ejgnies ~rb ~rb}nies snmb} ~rn` e j*e ibale ab {bssens {e} no}bonae dnil`ln} absqbs n`rjes5
Sb njn`lsnssbies qean n {e{r`ncne snmb}nies ~rb W qbi drjcne ab {}emnml`lanab
W
> = 3 1 2 4 ?
;*;2 ;*;< ;*1 ;*3 ;*> ;*;2 ;*;>
b {e}qnjqe snmb}nies ~rb
9 B'W, 9 > ;*;2 ( = ;*;< ( * * * ( ? ;*;> 9 3*2 {bssensIns ab dncqe e ~rb cejgbcbies b n niesq}n
Tn`e}bs niesq}nls > = 3 1 2 4 ? Qeqn`
D}b~rbjcln nmse`rqn = 4 >7 >1 4 3 > 2;
b {e} lsse {eab}bies ~rnjae irlqe n{}bsbjqn} rin bsqlinqltn {ejqrn` ab rsnjae n bsqnqsqlcn
W 9>
j
jl9>
Wl* N bsqlinqltn {ejqrn` ab }bsr`qn}ln bi6
9>
2;
2;l9>
l 9>
2;'> = ( = 4 ( 3 >7 ( * * * ( ? >, 9 >?, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ceialibjsne j ab W*
Bsqlinae} ae tn`e} ibale ab rin {e{r`ncne W
W 9>
j
jl9>
Wl 9W> ( W= ( * * * ( Wj
j
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=* Bsqlincne [ejqrn` >=
=*3 Ibqeaes {n}n abqb}iljncne ab bsqlinae}bs
=*3*> Ibqeae aes ieibjqes
Abjlcne =*3 Anan rin {e{r`ncne W b }J abjb)sb e jeib ab ieibjqe ab e}abi } {e}
} 9 B'W}, ,
b e ieibjqe cbjq}nae ab e}abi } {e}
} 9 BX'WB'W,,Y} *
Anan rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, an {e{r`ncne W {n}n bsqlinae}bs absqbs ieibjqescejslab}bi)sb
I} 9>
j
j
l9>W}l ,
e bsqlinae} ab } abslojnae {e} ieibjqe niesq}n` ab e}abi } b
I} 9>
j
jl9>
Wl W
},
e bsqlinae} ab } abslojnae {e} ieibjqe niesq}n` cbjq}nae ab e}abi }*
Sb W b rin {e{r`ncne crfn alsq}lmrlcne ab{bjab ab h {n}nibq}es >, =, * * * , h es }bs{bcqltesbsqlinae}bs ab ieibjqes >,
=, * * * ,
h sne ns se`rcebs ae slsqbin ab h b~rncebs n h ljceojlqns
B'W, 9 W
= 9 I=3 9 I3***h 9 Ih
Bwbi{`e =*1 Sbfn 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcneR'n, m,* Abqb}iljbies es bsqlinae}bs ab ieibjqes N b M aes {n}nibq}es n bm }bs{bcqltnibjqb*
Ceie snmbies B'W, 9n ( m
=b = 9 T 'W, 9
'm n,=>=
* Nssli
B'W, 9 WT 'W, 9 I=
n(m= 9
W'mn,=
>=9 I
=
n 9 W3 I=m 9 W(
3 I=
]b{n}b ~rb I= 9>
j
jl9>
Wl W
=9
j >j
>
j >jl9>
Wl W
=9
j >j
S=*
Es bsqlinae}bs ab ieibjqes {n}n n b m sne
N 9 W
3 'j >,j
S
M 9 W(
3 'j >,
jS
*
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=* Bsqlincne [ejqrn` >1
Slqrncne N6 W qbi alsq}lmrlcne Je}in cei tn}lnjcln = cejgbclan
Nailqnies ~rb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin n*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcne J
, =
bi ~rb= qbi ri tn`e} cejgbclae*
Ceie W>, W=, * * * , W j sne t*n*s l*l*a cei alsq}lmrlcne J, =
bjqne W J
B
W
, T
W
lsqe b
W J
,=
j
'=*1*3,
b
V 9W %
j j W
J';, >, '=*1*1,
Slqrncne M6 W qbi alsq}lmrlcne abscejgbclan er cejgbclan b jne je}in` cei tn}lnjcln= cejgbclan b j 3;
Nailqnies ~rb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin n*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcne jne je}in` erabscejgbclan cei tn}lnjcln = cejgbclan*Ibsie jes cnses bi ~rb b {esstb` abarvl} n alsq}lmrlcne ab W bssn alsq}lmrlcne jne b injbfntb`je
sbjqlae an ceiealanab ae cn`cr`e ab {}emnml`lanabs*^rnjae W qbi rin alsq}lmrlcne abscejgbclan b li{esstb` abqb}iljn} n alsq}lmrlcne ab W*[b`ns arns }nvebs nclin ibjclejnans e{qn)sb {b`n }bce`gn ab rin niesq}n ab qninjge }nventb`)
ibjqb o}njab je}in`ibjqb ab alibjsne inle} er lorn` n 3; j 3; ab ieae n {eab}ies ljtecn} eQbe}bin @lilqb Cbjq}n` b bsqnmb`bcb}ies ~rb
V 9W %
j j W
n J';, >, '=*1*2,
Slqrncne C6 W qbi alsq}lmrlcne Je}in` cei tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclan
Nailqnies ~rb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin n*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcne J
, =
bi ~rb= qbi ri tn`e} abscejgbclae*
Jne cejgbcbjae e tn`e} ab = {eabies ceibcn} {e} e bsqlin} rsnjae e bsqlinae}
S= 9>
j >jl9>
Wl W
=*
Bjqne n bsqnqsqlcn 't*n*,
Q 9W S%j
j
W S
qbi alsq}lmrlcne q 'er q)Sqrabjq, cei j > o}nrs ab `lmb}anab ~rb sb }b{}bsbjqn ab ieae nm}btlnae{e} qj>*
Q 9W S%
j j W
S qj> '=*1*4,
Jeqn6 N alsq}lmrlcne q b slibq}lcn bi qe}je ab vb}e b e sbr sr{e}qb b ]*
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=* Bsqlincne [ejqrn` >2
Slqrncne A6 W qbi alsq}lmrlcne abscejgbclan er cejgbclan b jne je}in` cei tn}lnjcln= abscejgbclan b j 3;Nailqnies ~rb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin n*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcne jne je}in` erabscejgbclan cei tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclan*
Inls rin tbv e abscejgbclibjqe ae tn`e} ab =
`btn n ~rb e bsqlibies nq}ntbs ab
S= 9>
j >jl9>
Wl W
=*
Sb cejslab}n}ies rin niesq}n ab alibjsne j 3; n bsqlinqltn ab = b srclbjqbibjqb {}bclsn abieae ~rb e Qbe}bin @lilqb Cbjq}n` b erq}ns cejslab}ncebs de}n ae nimlqe absqn alscl{`ljn {b}ilqbibsqnmb`bcb} ~rb
V 9W S%
j j W
Sn J';, >, '=*1*?,
=*1*= Alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi ab S=
Sbjae li{e}qnjqb bsqlin} n tn}lnjcln ab rin {e{r`ncne W {eabies nae{qn} ceie sbr bsqlinae}
S= 9>
j >jl9>
Wl W
=*
^rnjqe kn srn alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi se bwlsqbi }bsr`qnaes ab rql`lvncne {}nqlcn ~rnjae nniesq}n {}etbi ab rin {e{r`ncne cei alsq}lmrlcne Je}in`* Nssli sb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rinn*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei alsq}lmrlcne J
, =
bi ~rb qbi tn`e} abscejgbclae n bsqnqsqlcn
't*n*,
W= 9'j >, S=
=
qbi alsq}lmrlcne ae ^rl)^rna}nae cei j> o}nrs ab `lmb}anab '~rb nm}btlnanibjqb sb bsc}btb =j>,*
W= 9'j >, S=
= =j> '=*1*7,
Jeqn6 N alsq}lmrlcne ae ^rl)~rna}nae b nsslibq}lcn b e sbr sr{e}qb b X;, (X*Emsb}tncne6 ^rnjae 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin n*n* ab rin {e{r`ncne Wcei alsq}lmrlcne J
, =
bi ~rb qbi tn`e} cejgbclae {eabies bsqlin} = nq}ntbs ae bsqlinae}
=
9 >j
jl9>
'Wl ,= *
N srn alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi b
j=
= =j '=*1*
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=* Bsqlincne [ejqrn` >?
=*2 [}e{}lbanabs aes bsqlinae}bs
Ceie b rin tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln {eabies dn`n} ae B
ibalan ~rb bw{}bssn e tn`e} bs{b}nae
ab an T b ae abstle {na}ne ~rnjqlanabs bsqns ~rb bw{}bssni n als{b}sne ab *Bsqns ibalans {b}ilqbi bsqnmb`bcb} {}e{}lbanabs li{e}qnjqbs {n}n e bsqlinae} *=*2*> B}}e {na}ne
Abjlcne =*4 E b}}e {na}ne ab ri bsqlinae} {ejqrn` b e sbr abstle {na}ne
E bsqlinae} sb}n qnjqe ib`ge}~rnjqe ibje} de} e sbr b}}e {na}ne {e}~rb jes ljde}in ab ~rbns bsqlinqltns ae {n}nibq}e sne {erce als{b}sns ceie cejtbi ~rb ncejqbcn*
=*2*= Bjtlbsnibjqe
Qnimbi sb}n absbfntb` ~rb ri bsqlinae} dncr`qb tn`e}bs ~rb bi ibaln celjclani cei e tn`e}ae {n}nibq}e * Alqe ab erq}e ieae cejtbi e tn`e} bs{b}nae ab sbfn lorn` ne tb}anabl}e tn`e} ab
* Inqbinqlcnibjqb b absbfntb` ~rb B
9 *
Abjlcne =*? Ri bsqlinae} {n}n e {n}nibq}e alv)sbjne bjtlbsnae 'ercbjq}nae, sbB
9 *
Abjlcne =*7 E bjtlbsnibjqe ab ri bsqlinae} {n}n e {n}nibq}e b mlns
9 B
*
Bwbi{`e =*2 Sr{ejgnies ~rbW b rin {e{r`ncne cei alsq}lmrlcne bw{ejbjcln` ab {n}nibq}es ', >,bi ~rb qbi tn`e} abscejgbclae*
Anan rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, absqn {e{r`ncne cejslab}bi)sb es aels bsqlinae}bs
{n}n 6
9 ilj 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b 9 W >
b njn`lsbies e }bs{bcqlte bjtlbsnibjqe6
B
9 B'ilj'W>, W=, * * * , W j,, 9 (>
j
B', 9 B
W > 9 B'W, > 9 ( > > 9 ]b`nqltnibjqb ne bjtlbsnibjqe b ib`ge} {e}~rb b cbjq}nae*
E bjtlbsnibjqe ab b mlns 9 ( >j 9 >j *
Cejqrae e mlns
cejtb}ob {n}n vb}e ~rnjae n alibjsne an niesq}n nribjqn* Alvbies bjqne
~rb b ri bsqlinae} nssljqeqlcnibjqb cbjq}nae*
Abjlcne =*< b ri bsqlinae} nssljqeqlcnibjqb cbjq}nae {n}n e {n}nibq}e sb `lij(
B
9 *
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19/84
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21/84
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22/84
Cn{qr`e 3
Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn
3*> Ljq}earcne
Bi irlqns slqrncebs rin bsqlincne {ejqrn` ab ri {n}nibq}e jne de}jbcb ljde}incne srclbjqbsem}b bssb {n}nibq}e*
Tbfnies e cnse ae bwbi{`e =*=* Ceie sb {}bqbjaln bsqlin} B'W, b sb nae{qer e bsqlinae}W n bsqlinqltn {ejqrn` ab je ibale ab abdblqes {e} {nljb` del 9 4*=* Ins b {erce {}etntb`
~rb e tb}anabl}e je ibale ab abdblqes sbfn bwncqnibjqb 4*=* [e}qnjqe b `eolce ~rb jes ljqb}}eorbiesncb}cn an {}ewlilanab absqn bsqlinqltn }b`nqltnibjqb ne tb}anabl}e je ibale * Ceie sb d}lser jnsbccne njqb}le} e b}}e {na}ne 'er e b}}e ~rna}nqlce ibale ~rnjae e bsqlinae} jne b cbjq}nae, fnjes an}n rin labln an {}bclsne an jessn bsqlinqltn* Erq}e ql{e ab nme}anobi {nssn}ln {e} {}bqbj)ab}ies on}njql} ~rb {n}n rin o}njab {b}cbjqnobiab qeans ns niesq}ns ~rb {rabssbies }bce`gb}n aldb}bjcn bi tn`e} nmse`rqe bjq}b n ibaln niesq}n` W b e tn`e} ibale jne r`q}n{nssb ri cb}qetn`e} n '~rb ce}}bs{ejab ne b}}e inwlie ~rb absbfnies {n}n n bsqlincne ab ,* Sb ljqb}{}bqn}ies
bssn {b}cbjqnobi ceie n {}emnml`lanab ab }bce`gb}ies rin niesq}n ~rb cri{}n e njqb}le} }b~rlslqeb n }b{}bsbjqn}ies {e} > bjqne {eab}nies b~rnclejn} e {}em`bin ae sborljqb ieae6
[ W n 9 > *
Ceie W n W n W ( n bjqne e {}bqbjanies bjcejq}n} b}n ri ljqb}tn`e
W n, W( n ~rb cei {}emnml`lanab > b`btnan cejqltbssb e tn`e} ibale *Abslojn}nies bssb ljqb}tn`e {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn > {n}n b }bn`lvn}nies nssli rin
bsqlincne ab {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn > 'er bsqlincne ljqb}tn`n} ab ,*
Abjlcne 3*> Ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn > {n}n ri {n}nibq}e 'ab tn`e} abscejgbclae, b riljqb}tn`e an de}in
X@ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , R'W>, W=, * * * , W j,Y
ejab @ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b R'W>, W=, * * * , W j, sne bsqnqsqlcns ~rb jne ab{bjabi ae tn`e} ab b ~rbsnqlsdnvbi
['@ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, R'W>, W=, * * * , W j,, 9 > *
=>
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn ==
@ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b R'W>, W=, * * * , W j, sne abjeiljnaes `lilqbs ab cejnjcn ljdb}le} b sr{b}le}}bs{bcqltnibjqb b '> , b cgninae cebclbjqb ab cejnjcn ae ljqb}tn`e*
]bsqn)jes noe}n alvb} n`oe sem}b e ibqeae ob}n` ab abqb}iljncne absqbs ljqb}tn`es* E ibqeae inlsrsrn` b ~rb l}bies rql`lvn} b e ibqeae {lteqn * [n}n e {e}ies bi {}nqlcn b jbcbssn}le bjcejq}n}ies
er cejgbcb}ies rin bsqnqsqlcn {lteq*
Abjlcne 3*= Sbfn 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab rin {e{r`ncne crfn alsq}lmrlcne ab){bjab ab ri {n}nibq}e * Cejslab}biesQ Q 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , rin bsqnqsqlcn drjcne an niesq}nn`bnqe}ln b ab 'b btbjqrn`ibjqb ab erq}es {n}nibq}es ab tn`e} cejgbclae,* Sb n alsq}lmrlcne ab Qjne ab{bjab ab b`n alv)sb rin bsqnqsqlcn {lteq {n}n *
Bwbi{`e 3*> Sb'W>, W=, * * * , W j, de} rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab rin {e{r`ncne W J, 2= bjqneQ 9
W 2=%j
J';, >,
[eabies n}in} ~rb Q b rin bsqnqsqlcn {lteq {n}n {e}~rb n alsq}lmrlcne ab Q b sbi{}b J';, >,~rn`~rb} ~rb sbfn e tn`e} ab *
E ibqeae {lteqn {n}n abqb}iljncne ab ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn > {n}n cejslsqb bi6 Cejgbcb} 'er bjcejq}n}, rin bsqnqsqlcn {lteq Q Q'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , {n}n 8
N {n}ql} an alsq}lmrlcne ab Q abqb}iljn} tn`e}bs n> b n= ~rb snqlsdncni8
['n> Q n=, 9 > 8
]bse`tb} ns abslorn`anabs
n> Q 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , n=bi e}abi n ab ieae n ~rb
n> Q 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , n= @ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, R'W>, W=, * * * , W j, ,
sbjae @ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b R'W>, W=, * * * , W j, bsqnqsqlcns jne ab{bjabjqbs ab 8
LC>;;'>," ', X@ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, , R'W>, W=, * * * , W j,Yb ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn > {n}n *
JEQNS LI[E]QNJQBS6
[n}n ri cebclbjqb ab cejnjcn > we bwlsqbi altb}sns bsce`gns {esstbls {n}n ns cejsqnjqbsn> b n=* Sbi{}b ~rb {esstb` abtbies e{qn} {e} rsn} n~rb`ns ~rb cejarvbi n ri ljqb}tn`e abcejnjcn ab ni{`lqrab ijlin*
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn =3
^rnjae n bsqnqsqlcn {lteq qbi rin alsq}lmrlcne slibq}lcn bi qe}je ab vb}e n ib`ge} bsce`gn{n}n n> b n= b6
n> 9 n= b n= n qn` ~rb [ 'n Q n, 9 > *
Es cebclbjqbs ab cejnjcn inls rsnaes sne , =, * * * , j, {n}n n ~rn` abqb}iljnies ri lj)qb}tn`e ab cejnjcn X` '>, =, * * * , j, , r '>, =, * * * , j,Y* Ceie bsqb ljqb}tn`e tnl cejqb} er jne etb}anabl}e tn`e} ae {n}nibq}e jne b }nventb` nssecln} rin {}emnml`lanab n bsqb ncejqbclibjqebs{bcce* E ~rb abtbies n}in} b ~rb e ljqb}tn`e emsb}tnae X` '>, =, * * * , j, , r '>, =, * * * , j,Ynm}njob e tb}anabl}e tn`e} ab cei rin cejnjcn ab '> ,* Bsqn n}incne qbi rin ljqb}{}bqncned}b~rbjclsqn8 lsqe b jes jne snmbies sb {n}n rin niesq}n bs{bccn n n}incne b tb}anabl}n ins eibqeae rsnae {n}n emqb} e ljqb}tn`e X` '>, =, * * * , j, , r '>, =, * * * , j,Y {b}ilqb n}incebs ce}}bcqns>;;'> , ans tbvbs*
N ni{`lqrab emsb}tnan r '>, =, * * * , j,
` '>, =, * * * , j, ab ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn b rin
li{e}qnjqb ibalan an ~rn`lanab an bsqlincne ae {n}nibq}e* Bi {n}qlcr`n} n ibqnab an ni{`lqrab aeljqb}tn`e abslojnan {e} {}bclsne an bsqlincne {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn b ri ljalcnae} an ~rn`lanaban bsqlinqltn ae {n}nibq}e * ^rnjqe inle} de} n ni{`lqrab ab ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn inlscejnjcn qbies ab ~rb bssb ljqb}tn`e cejqbi ab dncqe e tb}anabl}e tn`e} ab * [e} erq}e `nae ~rnjqeinle} de} n ni{`lqrab ae ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn 'ibje} {}bclsne an bsqlincne, ibjes ljde}incneqbies ncb}cn ae tb}anabl}e tn`e} ab rin tbv ~rb qbies rin inle} onin ab tn`e}bs {esstbls {n}n* N slqrncne labn` }bslab jri ljqb}tn`e ab {b~rbjn ni{`lqrab b cei b`btnae cebclbjqb ab cejnjcn*
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn =2
tnies abqb}iljn} e tn`e} ab n*
[
W n W( n 9 [n W n 9 [j
n j W
j
n
9
9 [
j
n V
j
n 9 [V
j
n [V
j
n 99
j
n
j
n
9
j
n
> (
j
n
9
9 =
j
n
>*
Nssli
[
W n W( n 9 > =j
n
> 9 >
j
n
9 > %=
j n 9 > '> %=, n 9 j > '> %=, *
[e} sli{`lclanab ab jeqncne sb }b{}bsbjqn}ies > '> %=, {e} v%= qbies
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e tn`e} ibale [e{r`ncne je}in cei tn}lnjcln = cejgbclan
LC>;;'>," ',
W j
v%=, W(
jv%=
Bwbi{`e 3*= E qbi{e ~rb rin in~rljn `btn n bwbcrqn} n srn qn}bdn bi cnan {bcn {}earvlansborb rin alsq}lmrlcne je}in` ab abstle {na}ne lorn` n 3 sborjaes*
[}bqbjabjae)sb bsqlin} {e} ljqb}tn`e ab
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn =4
Slqrncne M Nailqnies ~rb 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab alibjsne j 3; ab rin{e{r`ncne W crfn alsq}lmrlcne jne b je}in` er b abscejgbclan ins cei tn}lnjcln = cejgbclan*Sbfn e tn`e} ibale an {e{r`ncne W ~rb ~rb}bies bsqlin}*
N{bsn} ab sb cejgbcb} e tn`e} an tn}lnjcln = lsse {e} sl se jne {b}ilqb e cejgbclibjqe analsq}lmrlcne ab W* Cejqrae sb n niesq}n de} o}njab lsqe b sb qltb} rin alibjsne j
3; {e}
n{`lcncne ae Qbe}bin @lilqb Cbjq}n` {eabies n}in} ~rb
V 9W
=%j9
jW
n J';, >,
'tb} }bsr`qnae =*1*2 an sbccne =*1*>6 Alsq}lmrlcebs ab niesq}nobi ab W,*
]bce}}bjae noe}n ne ibqeae {lteqn` qbies6
V 9
j
W
n
J';, >, b rin bsqnqsqlcn {lteq {n}n *
[ 'n V n, > E}n
[ 'n V n, 9 ['V n, ['V n, 9 'n, 'n, 99 'n, X> 'n,Y 9 = 'n, >
{b`e ~rb
['n V n, 9 > = 'n,> 9 > 'n, 9 >%= n 9 > '> %=, v%=
v%= V v%= v%= j W v%= W v%= j W( v%= j
LC>;;'>," ',
W v%= j , W( v%= j
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e tn`e} ibale [e{r`ncne jne je}in` cei tn}lnjcln = cejgbclan b j 3;
LC>;;'>," ',
W j
v%=, W(
jv%=
Slqrncne C Cejslab}bies 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab rin {e{r`ncne W cei als)q}lmrlcne je}in` ab tn`e} ibale '~rb sb {}bqbjab bsqlin}, b tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclan*
]b`nqltnibjqb n Slqrncne N e ~rb noe}n sb n`qb}n b e dncqe an tn}lnjcln = sb} abscejgbclan*
Sb n tn}lnjcln = b abscejgbclan {eabies ab libalnqe {bjsn} bi n srmsqlqrl} {b`n tn}lnjclnniesq}n` er sbfn {e}
S= 9>
j >jl9>
Wl W
=9
>
j >
jl9>
W=l
jW=
*
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn =?
Ceie }bsr`qnae absqn srmsqlqrlcne n alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi {n}n W b
Q 9W S%
j qj>
'tb} }bsr`qnae =*1*4 an sbccne =*1*>6 Alsq}lmrlcebs ab niesq}nobi ab W,
Ab jete {b`e ibqeae {lteqn` qbies
Bsqnqsqlcn {lteq6 Q 9 W S%
j qj>
[e}~rb n alsq}lmrlcne q b slibq}lcn bi qe}je ab vb}e cei sr{e}qb ] b jbcbssn}le bjcejq}n}e tn`e} n ~rb tb}lcn [ 'n Q n, 9 > *
[ 'n Q n, 9 ['Q n, [ 'Q n, 9 ['Q n, ['Q n, 99 ['Q
n,
X>
['Q
n,Y 9 =[ 'Q
n,
>
Bjqne
['n Q n, 9 > =['Q n, > 9 > [ 'Q n, 9 > %= n 9 D>Q '> %=, qj>6%=
qj>6%= Q qj>6%= qj>6%=
jW
S qj>6%=
W qj>6%=S
j W( qj>6%=
Sj
LC>;;'>," ',
W qj>6%= Sj , W( qj>6%= Sj
Jeqn6N srmsqlqrlcne ab {e} S je ljqb}tn`e an Slqrncne N {eab ljq}earvl} b}}e je ljqb}tn`eb ceie qn` e jete ljqb}tn`e {b}ilqb n bsqlincne ab cei n ibsin cejnjcn '> , ins qbirin inle} ni{`lqrab*
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e tn`e} ibale [e{r`ncne je}in cei tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclan
LC>;;'>," ',
W Sj
qj>6%=, W( Sj qj>6%=
Bwbi{`e 3*3 Rin niesq}n ae {bse ab 7 njlinls n`libjqnaes cei ri abqb}iljnae ql{e ab}ncne de}jbcbr es sborljqbs tn`e}bs 'bi ho,6
1 4 1*2 1 2*4 4*= 2*7 4
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn =;;'>," ',
W v%= Sj , W( v%= Sj
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e tn`e} ibale [e{r`ncne jne je}in` cei tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclan b j 3;
LC>;;'>," ',
W Sj
v%=, W(S
jv%=
Bi }bsrie
Qnmb`n 3*>6 Ljqb}tn`es ab cejnjcn {n}n e tn`e} ibale
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e tn`e} ibale N [e{r`ncne je}in` cei = cejgbclan W j v%=, W( j v%=M [e{r`ncne jne je}in` cei = cejgbclan b j 3;
W
jv%=, W(
j
v%=
C [e{r`ncne je}in` cei = abscejgbclan
W S
jqj>6%=, W(
Sj
qj>6%=
A [e{r`ncne jne je}in` cei = abscejgbclan b j 3;
W S
jv%=, W(
Sj
v%=
Dlor}n 3*>6 Ljqb}tn`es ab cejnjcn {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn 3>
LC>;;'>,"
= 'j>,S==j>6{=
, 'j>,S=
=j>6>{>
N jne slibq}ln an alsq}lmrlcne ae ~rl)~rna}nae `btnjqn alcr`anabs jn bsce`gn aes tn`e}bs ans{}emnml`lanabs {> b {= ~rb {b}ilqni emqb} ri ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn ab ni{`lqrab ijlin* [e} lsse
b {n}n sli{`lcncne ae {}ecbsse ab abqb}iljncne ae ljqb}tn`e b gnmlqrn` cejslab}n})sb {> 9 {= 9 %=nmalcnjae)sb ae emfbcqlte ab cejsborl} e ljqb}tn`e ab ibje} ni{`lqrab*
Nae{qnjae bsqn bsq}nqboln6
n> =j>6>%= b n= =j>6%=Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n n tn}lnjcln =[e{r`ncne je}in` cei tn`e} ibale abscejgbclae
LC>;;'>,"
=
'j >, S==j>6%=
,'j >, S==j>6>%=
Dlor}n 3*36 Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn {n}n n tn}lnjcln
Bwbi{`e 3*1 Cejslab}b rin niesq}n ab =2 {bssens crfn n`qr}n ibaln b abstle {na}ne sne }bs{bc)
qltnibjqb >?= b 2 cbjqibq}es* Nailqljae ~rb n n`qr}n b rin tn}lntb` cei alsq}lmrlcne je}in`bsqlibies {e} ljqb}tn`e ab 2*
N bsqlinqltn {e} ljqb}tn`e ab 2,
=1 =2>3*717
9 X>4*17, 13*33Y
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3* Bsqlincne {e} Ljqb}tn`e ab Cejnjcn 32
3*2*3 Aldb}bjcn ab {}e{e}cebs niesq}nls ab arns {e{r`ncebs {> {=
Qnmb`n 3*16 Alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi {n}n n aldb}bjcn ab {}e{e}cebs niesq}nls ab arns {e{r`ncebs
Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Alsq}lmrlcne ab {> {=j> 3; b j= 3; ' {> {=, '{> {=,
{> '>{>,j>
({= '>{=,
j=
n J';, >,
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Cn{qr`e 1
Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs
1*> Ljq}earcne
Jes cn{qr`es = b 3 tlies ceie bsqlin} {ejqrn`ibjqb b {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn es {n}nibq}esab rin {e{r`ncne qbjae anae {n}qlcr`n} }b`bte ne tn`e} ibale kn tn}lnjcln 'b ne abstle {na}ne, b nrin {}e{e}cne*
Erq}e {}ecbalibjqe irlqe li{e}qnjqb bi ljdb}bjcln bsqnqsqlcn b e qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs b ~rbcejslsqb jn ntb}lorncne an cejslsqbjcln aes anaes niesq}nls cei abqb}iljnans cejfbcqr}ns ~rb sbbsqnmb`bcni sem}b n {e{r`ncne* [e} bwbi{`e6
Jri abqb}iljnae ab{n}qnibjqe {}bqbjab)sb bsqran} e jrib}e W ab dn`qns ne q}nmn`ge 'abcnan drjclejn}le, ar}njqb es 2 alns rqbls ab rin sbinjn* W b rin {e{r`ncne cei alsq}lmrlcnemljeiln` ab {n}nibq}es '2, {, b e sbr bsqrae {nssn {b`e cejgbclibjqe ae tn`e} ab {* Nssli bsqn)mb`bcb} cejfbcqr}ns sem}b n {e{r`ncne b nalnjqn} tn`e}bs {n}n { ~rb ce}}bs{ejani n bw{bcqnqltns~rb sb qbjgni sem}b W* [e} bwbi{`e {eabies {b}orjqn}6 Sb}n ~rb { 9 ['dn`qn jri aln, ;*3er sb}n ~rb { 9 [ 'dn`qn jri aln, : ;*35
Je cejq}e`e ae {}ecbsse ab bjon}}ndnibjqe ab }bd}lob}njqb bi `nqns ab 33c` {eabies cejfbcqr}n}6Sb}n ~rb e te`rib ibale ab }bd}lob}njqb {e} on}}ndn b lorn` n 33c` 9 33 'mens cejalcebs abbjon}}ndnibjqe, er sb}n ~rb e te`rib ibale ab }bd}lob}njqb {e} on}}ndn b aldb}bjqb ab 33c` 9 33 'ins cejalcebs ab bjon}}ndnibjqe,*
Sb}n ~rb e qbi{e ab ar}ncne ab ri qb`bietb` ab rin abqb}iljnan in}cn qbi alsq}lmrlcnebw{ejbjcln`5
Jes aels {}libl}es bwbi{`es ns cejfbcqr}ns sne dblqns sem}b e tn`e} ab {n}nibq}es an {e{r`ncneer ib`ge} alvbjae sem}b e tn`e} aes {n}nibq}es an alsq}lmrlcne an {e{r`ncne W* Je qb}cbl}e bwbi{`e
n cejfbcqr}n b dblqn sem}b n {}e{}ln alsq}lmrlcne an {e{r`ncne W*Ns cejfbcqr}ns ~rb sb dnvbi sem}b n {e{r`ncne '~rb} sbfn sem}b es sbrs {n}nibq}es ~rb} sbfn sem}bn {}e{}ln alsq}lmrlcne, abslojni)sb {e} gl{eqbsbs*
Jri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs bwlsqbi sbi{}b arns gl{eqbsbs6 N gl{eqbsb jr`n }b{}bsbjqnan {e} G; b ngl{eqbsb n`qb}jnqltn }b{}bsbjqnan {e} G>*
Jes bwbi{`es nq}ns }bdb}laes ns gl{eqbsbs sne6
G; 6 { ;*3 ts G> 6 { : ;*3 G; 6 9 33 ts G> 6 9 33
34
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 3?
G; 6 W B';, , ts G> 6 W B';, ,
Es qbsqbs crfns gl{eqbsbs ljclabi sem}b e tn`e} aes {n}nibq}es ab ri {e{r`ncne alvbi)sb qbsqbs{n}nibq}lces b ~rnjae jne bjte`tbi {n}nibq}es alvbi)sb qbsqbs jne){n}nibq}lces* Jns bwbi){`lcncebs njqb}le}bs es aels {}libl}es qbsqbs sne {n}nibq}lces b e r`qlie b jne){n}nibq}lce*
N gl{eqbsb G; ae sborjae bwbi{`e b rin gl{eqbsb sli{`bs {e}~rb jb`n or}n n{bjns ri tn`e}{n}n e {n}nibq}e* E ibsie jne ncejqbcb jn gl{eqbsb G> abssb bwbi{`e {e}~rb jb`n sb nalnjqnialtb}ses tn`e}bs {n}n * Alv)sb bjqne ~rb G> b rin gl{eqbsb cei{esqn* Qeans ns gl{eqbsbs ~rb or}nijes aels erq}es bwbi{`es sne gl{eqbsbs cei{esqns*
Jri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {}bqbjabies tb}lcn} n tn`lanab an gl{eqbsb n`qb}jnqltn G> b {e} lsse bgnmlqrn` alvb}ies ~rb tnies qbsqn} G>* Ab{els ab bjrjclnan n gl{eqbsb G> ~rb sb ~rb} qbsqn} abjb)sb n gl{eqbsb jr`n G; ceie n gl{eqbsb cei{`bibjqn} ab G>*Je bwbi{`e sem}b e jrib}e ab dn`qns ne q}nmn`ge cejslab}n)sb o}ntb ~rb { 9 [ 'dn`qn jri aln, sbfnsr{b}le} n 3;"* Sb ~rlsb}ies qbsqn} bsqn slqrncne bsqnmb`bcbies n gl{eqbsb G> 6 { : ;*3 b se ab{elscnies n snmb} n gl{eqbsb ~rb n cei{`bibjqn b G; 6 { ;*3*
E qbsqb ab rin gl{eqbsb G> cejslsqb bi n{}etblqn} n ljde}incne cejqlan jn niesq}n b bi tb}lcn}n cejslsqbjcln abssn ljde}incne cei n gl{eqbsb G; abclaljae)jes bjqne {b`n }bfblcne er jne }bfblcneab G;*
E {}ecbsse bsqnqsqlce jri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs cejslsqb bi abqb}iljn} n {}emnml`lanab ab ceies anaes niesq}nls emsb}tnaes n gl{eqbsb jr`n G; sb} dn`sn* Sb bssn {}emnml lanab de} b`btnan cn{}etnan n tn`lanab ab G>* Sb de} {b~rbjn jne abtbies }bfblqn} G; {e}~rb es anaes jne sr{e}qni ntn`lanab ab G>*Jbsqb {}ecbalibjqe n gl{eqbsb jr`n G; b cejslab}nan tb}anabl}n nqb ~rb sb tb}l~rb ~rb jne bwlsqbbtlabjcln bsqnqsqlcn ~rb n sr{e}qb abtbjae bjqne sb} }bfblqnan 'ncblqnjae ceie tn`lan n gl{eqbsbn`qb}jnqltn G>,*
Bi qb}ies {}nqlces ri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs cejslsqb jrin {n}qlcne ae cejfrjqe ab qeans n niesq}ns
~rb b {esstb` }bce`gb} bi aels srmcejfrjqes abslojnaes {e} }bolne ab }bfblcne 'er }bolne c}qlcn, b}bolne ab ncblqncne*
Ins ceie n abclsne sem}b n }bfblcne er jne }bfblcne an gl{eqbsb G; b dblqn kn crsqn an ljde}incneniesq}n` {eabies sbi{}b ceibqb} b}}es jn abclsne* Bssbs b}}es sne6 E b}}e ab ql{e L 'er b}}e ab >n
bs{bclb, ce}}bs{ejabjqb n abclal}ies }bfblqn} n gl{eqbsb G; ~rnjae b`n b tb}anabl}n b e b}}e ab ql{eLL 'er b}}e ab =n bs{bclb, ce}}bs{ejabjqb n jne }bfblqn}ies n gl{eqbsb G; ~rnjae b`n b dn`sn*
Abclsne G; tb}anabl}n G; dn`sn
]bfblqn} G; Abclsne ljce}}bcqn Abclsne ce}}bcqn
Jne }bfblqn} G; Abclsne ce}}bcqn Abclsne ljce}}bcqn
Bwlsqljae sbi{}b n {esslml`lanab ab ceibqb}ies bsqbs b}}es ab abclsne {eabies nssecln})`gbs rin
{}emnml`lanab ab ece}}b}bi* Bssns {}emnml`lanabs sne6 9 ['b}}e ab ql{e L, 9 [']bfblqn} G; pG; b tb}anabl}n ,
Ne tn`e} inwlie absqn {}emnml`lanab an)sb e jeib ab jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 'rsrn`ibjqb }b{}bsbjqnae{e} ,*Es jtbls ab slojlcnjcln inls rsnaes sne 9 ;*> 9 >;" {n}n rin abclsne {erce slojlcnjqb 9 ;*;2 9 2" {n}n rin abclsne slojlcnjqbb 9 ;*;> 9 >" {n}n rin abclsne n`qnibjqb slojlcnjqb*
Ne b}}e ab ql{e LL ce}}bs{ejab n {}emnml`lanab
9 ['b}}e ab ql{e LL, 9 ['Jne }bfblqn} G; pG; b dn`sn ,
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 37
N ^ 9 > an)sb e jeib ab {eqbjcln*E qbsqb e{qlie sb}n n~rb`b bi ~rb ns {}emnml`lanabs b qbi ri tn`e} ijlie* Cejqrae b
inqbinqlcnibjqb li{esstb` iljlilvn)`ns slir`qnjbnibjqb* Ab dncqe ~rnjae aliljrl nribjqnb tlcb)tb}sn*
Jn {}nqlcn es qbsqbs ~rb }bn`lvnies ljc`rbi)sb jes abjeiljnaes qbsqbs ab slojlcnjcln er sbfn
es qbsqbs bi ~rb e jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 'tn`e} inwlie ab , b bsqnmb`bclae {e} jes 'b {e}qnjqe qbiri tn`e} we, b {n}n es ~rnls n drjcne {eqbjcln > qbi tn`e} inwlie 'er b~rltn`bjqbibjqb qbitn`e} ijlie,*
[nssnies ab sborlan n n{}bsbjqn} n ibqeae`eoln rsrn` {n}n n cejsq}rcne ab ri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs{n}n e {n}nibq}e an {e{r`ncne W*
Ibqeae`eoln6 Nailqnies ~rb L b ri ljqb}tn`e ab tn`e}bs ae {n}nibq}e b ~rb ~rb}bies qbsqn}ns gl{eqbsbs6
G; 6 L ts G> 6 % L*
cei ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln *N ibqeae`eoln rsrn` cejslsqb bi6
Bsce`gb} ri bsqlinae} {n}n Q 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, sbjae 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, rin niesq}n n`bnqe}lnan {e{r`ncne W8
Sb`bcclejn} rin bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb _ _ 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, ~rb ~rnjql~rb n alsqnjclnabQ'W>, W=, * * * , W j, nes tn`e}bs ab L*Bsqnmb`bcb} 'er cejgbcb}, n alsq}lmrlcne ab _ ~rnjae G; b tb}anabl}n*
Bjcejq}n} n }bolne ab }bfblcne ] ce}}bs{ejabjqb ne tn`e}bs an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb _ ~rbbw{}bssbi ri alsqnjclnn G; slojlcnqltnibjqb o}njab lsqe b ~rb n{ejqbi {n}n n jne tn`lanab
ab G;*
Dncb n rin niesq}n emsb}tnan '>, =, * * * , j, cn`cr`n} e tn`e} emsb}tnae an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqbwems 9 _'>, =, * * * , j, b abclal}6
]bfblqn} G; sb wems 9 _'>, =, * * * , j, ]8 Jne }bfblqn} G; sb wems 9 _ '>, =, * * * , j, % ]*
[n}n cnan qbsqb ~rb n sborl} bw{eies l}bies bsce`gb} n bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb _'W>, W=, * * * , W j,abqb}iljn} n }bolne ab }bfblcne ] {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln we n{es e ~rb sb}n {esstb`qein} rin abclsne dncb n rin niesq}n }bce`glan*
Cei n bte`rcne ans db}}nibjqns ab cn`cr`e b gefb {esstb` abqb}iljn} {}emnml`lanabs ab ieaebw{balqe b ceieae* [e} lsse b noe}n rsrn` nssecln} b qein} abclsebs sem}b ri qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbsnq}ntbs ae cejcblqe ab {)tn`rb*
E {)tn`rb b rin {}emnml`lanab ~rb ibab nqb ~rb {ejqe es anaes niesq}nls srob}bi n }bfblcne abG; b b bs{bcln`ibjqb li{e}qnjqb ~rnjae e tn`e} emsb}tnae an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb bsqn irlqe {}ewliean d}ejqbl}n an }bolne ab }bfblcne b {e} lsse jne }bfblqnies G; {e} {erce*
Abjlcne 1*> Sbfn '>, =, * * * , j, n cejc}bqlvncne ab rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, W=, * * * , W j, b
wems 9 _'>, =, * * * , j,
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 1;
sb qljgni ece}}lae n`qb}ncebs je onsqe sbinjn` ibale bi n`libjqncne ans ibsins dni`lns* [n}nqn` sb`bcclejer)sb rin niesq}n ab onsqes sbinjnls bi n`libjqncne ab =2 dni`lns 'cei = `ges, ~rb}btb`er rin ibaln 9 >;7 br}es*^rb cejc`rsebs {eabies }bql}n} ncb}cn an n`qb}ncne ae onsqe ibale sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne absqbql{e ab dni`lns5
N {e{r`ncne bi bsqrae b W)onsqe sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne ans dni`lns cei = `ges ins eljqb}bssb {}lie}aln` alv }bs{blqe n 9 B'W,)onsqe ibale sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne ans dni`lns cei= `ges* N jessn ~rbsqne }bslab bi snmb} sb {b}injbcb lorn` n >;; br}es 9 >;; er sb biNoesqe b aldb}bjqb ab >;; br}es 9 >;;*
^rb}bies bjqne qbsqn} n tn`lanab ans gl{eqbsbs
G; 6 9 >;; ts G> 6 9 >;;
N abclsne ncb}cn an tn`lanab ab n`orin absqns gl{eqbsbs abtb}n sb} dblqn kn crsqn an ljde}incne ~rbn niesq}n de}jbcb}* Rin tbv ~rb ns gl{eqbsbs alvbi }bs{blqe ne tn`e} ibale an {e{r`ncne abtbiescejslab}n} n ljde}incne ~rb n niesq}n de}jbcb} sem}b * Ins fn snmbies ~rb n ljde}incne niesq}n`sem}b }bslab jn bsqlinqltn ab er sbfn }bslab je tn`e} an ibaln ab rin niesq}n ab alibjsne j
W 9>
j
jl9>
Wl
E tn`e} ab W tnl)jes {b}ilql} abclal} sb 9 >;; er sb 9 >;; lsqe b tnl)jes {b}ilql} abclal}sb }bfblqnies G; er sb jne }bfblqnies G;* Ceie qn` se jes }bsqn snmb} ~rnls es tn`e}bs ab W ~rbjes `btni n }bfblqn} G; er n jne }bfblqn} G;* Bi }bsrie {}bclsnies ab rin }bo}n ab abclsne*
]bo}n ab abclsne
Sb W qltb} ri tn`e} irlqe aldb}bjqb 'er alsqnjqb, ab >;; b jnqr}n` ~rb sb abclan ~rb 9 >;;*[eabies alvb} ~rb W b irlqe aldb}bjqb ab >;; sb W >;; de} irlqe o}njab er sbfn sb e tn`e} abW >;; r`q}n{nssn} rin cb}qn ~rnjqlanab n 'n : ;,* Bjqne
]bfblqnies 9 >;; sbW >;; : n 'n : ;,
er ab ieae b~rltn`bjqb
]bfblqnies G; sbW >;; : n 'n : ;,
Je cnse ob}n` ae qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs ml`nqb}n`
G; 6 9 ; ts G> 6 9 ;
]bfblqnies G; sbW ; : n 'n : ;,
Jbsqb bwbi{`e, e ~rb sne es b}}es ab abclsne5
Nailqnies ns sborljqbs slqrncebs6
>* Bi Noesqe e onsqe ibale sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne {b}injbcb lorn` n >;; br}es 9 >;;* Lsqeb e ~rb ncejqbcb jn {e{r`ncne ins jes jne snmbies {e}~rb jne njn`lsnies n {e{r`ncne jnqeqn`lanab*
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 1>
Sr{ejgnies ~rb e ncnse an niesq}nobi `btntn n ~rb sb emqltbssbi tn`e}bs niesq}nls sem}be onsqe sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne irlqe b`btnaes 'irlqe {b~rbjes,* Bjqne W qb}ln ri tn`e}b`btnae '{b~rbje, b ab qn` ieae b`btnae '{b~rbje, ~rb
W >;; : n* Ceie cejsb~rbjclnl}nies abclal} }bfblqn} G; er sbfn abclal} ~rb 9 >;;*N jessn abclsne sb}ln b}}nan {e}~rb 'mnsbnaes jn niesq}n, abclanies ~rb
9 >;; b ab dncqe
9 >;;* Bsqn}nies n ceibqb} ri b}}e ab ql{e L jeibnanibjqb n }bfblqn} G; 6 9 >;;~rnjae G; b tb}anabl}n*
=* Bi Noesqe e onsqe ibale sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne sed}br rin n`qb}ncne b {nsser n qb} ritn`e} 9 >;;* Lsqe b e ~rb ncejqbcb jn {e{r`ncne ins jes jne snmbies {e}~rb jne njn`lsniesn {e{r`ncne jn qeqn`lanab*
Sr{ejgnies ~rb n ibaln niesq}n` W bwlmln ri tn`e} jne irlqe aldb}bjqb ab >;; ab qn` ieae~rb
W >;; n* Ceie cejsb~rbjcln l}nies abclal} jne }bfblqn} G; 6 9 >;; er sbfnabclal} ~rb e onsqe ibale sbinjn` cejqljrntn lorn` n >;;*
Bsqn abclsne sb}ln b}}nan {e}~rb 'mnsbnaes jn niesq}n, abclanies ~rb 9 >;; b ab dncqe9 >;;* E b}}e ceibqlae b}n ri b}}e ab ql{e LL jeibnanibjqb jne }bfblqn} G
; ~rnjae G
;b
dn`sn*
[}emnml`lanab aes b}}es ab abclsne
Ns {}emnml`lanabs aes b}}es ab abclsne sne jbsqb cnse
9 [']bfblqn} G; pG; tb}anabl}n, 9 [W >;; : n p 9 >;; 'jtb` ab slojlcnjcln,
', 9 ['Jne }bfblqn} G; pG; dn`sn, 9 [W >;; n p 9 >;;
JEQN6 E qbsqb ~rb noe}n bw{eies b ri qbsqb ~rb iljlilvn ', {n}n cnan 'jtb` ab slo)jlcnjcln, ~rb bsce`gb}ies*
]bolne ab }bfblcne er }bolne c}qlcnCejslab}bies ns gl{eqbsbs objb}lcns {n}n ri qbsqb ml`nqb}n` sem}b e tn`e} ibale
G; 6 9 ; ts G> 6 9 ;Fn tlies ~rb {eabies
]bfblqn} G; sbW ;
: n 'n : ;,
Ins ~rn` e tn`e} ab n5Nailqnies ~rb bsce`gnies ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln {n}n e jesse qbsqb* Bjqne
9 [W ; : n p 9 ;
Q}nqn)sb ab rin {}emnml`lanab crfe tn`e} cejgbcbies e ~rb abscejgbcbies b e tn`e} ab n* Inssb sermb}ies ~rn` n alsq}lmrlcne an t*n* W {eabies q}nmn`gn} bsqn lorn`anab sem}b {}emnml`lanabs b{e}qnjqe abarvl} e tn`e} ab n*
Sr{ejgnies ~rb n {e{r`ncne oevn ans sborljqbs cn}ncqb}sqlcns6
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 1=
W qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` ab tn`e} ibale b tn}lnjcln cejgbclan = 9 T 'W, W J, =Bjqne n jessn niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, * * * , W j, b cejsqlqran {e} t*n*s cei alsq}lmrlcne J
, =
b {e}qnjqe W qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` ab tn`e} ibale b tn}lnjcln =%j W J,
=
j lsqe bV 9
j
W
J';, >,*
^rnjae G; 6 9 ; b tb}anabl}n V 9
jW ;
sem G;
J';, >,
Noe}n fn {eabies abqb}iljn} e tn`e} ab n*
9 [W ; : n p 9 ; 9 [j W ;
: j n
9 [
pVp : j n
j
9
9 [
V 0 j n
( [
V :
j
n
9
j n
( >
j
n
9
9 >
jn
( >
jn
9 = =
jn
9 =
>
jn
er sbfn
jn
9 >
= j n
9 >
>
=
9 v%= n 9
j
v%=
]bo}n ab abclsne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln
]bfblqn} G; sbW ; :
jv%=
er ab ieae b~rltn`bjqb
]bfblqn} G; sb j W ; : v%=
JEQNS6
]b{n}b ~rb cejsborlies abarvl} e tn`e} ab n {e}~rb sermbies ns cn}ncqb}sqlcns an {e{r`ncneb {e}qnjqe cejsborlies snmb} ~rn` n alsq}lmrlcne ab W* ]b{n}b qnimbi ~rb bsqb cejgbclibjqeans cn}ncqb}sqlcns an {e{r`ncne W ce}}bs{ejab kn slqrncne N absc}lqn jn sbccne =*1*>*
V 9 j W ;
b n bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb b V 9
jW ;
9;
J';, >,*
N }bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln b ] ,v%= v%=, (* N }bo}n ab abclsne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln sb}n n ab }bfblqn} G; cnse vems 9
j
;
]*
^rnjqe ne { tn`rb qb})sb)n{ tn`rb 9 ['pVp : pvemsp pG; , ,
cei V 9;
J';, >,*
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 13
Bwbi{`e 1*= Cejqljrncne ae bwbi{`e 1*>Ns gl{eqbsbs sne
G; 6 9 >;; ts G> 6 9 >;;
Snmbies ~rb 9 >2 b ~rb n niesq}n ab j 9 =2 emsb}tncebs de}jbcbr 9 >;7*
Bsqlinae} ab 6 W 9 jl9> Wl%j8 Bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb6 V 9 =2W>;;>2 9>;; J';, >,8
]bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 ;*;26];*;2 Y,cX Yc, (X cei c qn` ~rb ;*;2 9 ['V ];*;2,['V ];*;2, 9 ['pVp : c, 9 =[ 'V : c,;*;2 9 =['V : c, ['V : c, 9 ;*;=2 c 9 v;*;=2 9 >***;7>;;>2 9 =*44? ];*;2]bfblqnies G; ne jtb` ab slojlcnjcln ab 2" lsqe b bwlsqb btlabjcln bsqnqsqlcn {n}n {eab}iesn}in} ~rb bwlsqb n`qb}ncne je onsqe ibale sbinjn` je ibs ab Noesqe*
Cn`cr`e b abclsne {b`e { tn`rbSbjae vems 9
=2>;7>;;>2 9 =*44?
{ tn`rb 9 ['pVp : p=*44?p, 9 =['V : =*44?, 9 = '> ['V =*44?,, 9 = '> ;*
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 11
Qnmb`n 1*>6 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale
G; 6 9 ; ts G> 6 9 ;
Slqrncne Cejgbclibjqe ab W b an niesq}n Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne 'c : ;,
N W J, = cei = cejgbclan V 9 jW; 9; J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (XM W5 cei = cejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;
n9;
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (XC W J, = cei = abscejgbclan Q 9 jW;S 9; qj> Y,cX Yc, (XA W5 cei = abscejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;S
n9;
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (X
Dlor}n 1*>6 Qbsqb ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A
Dlor}n 1*=6 Qbsqb ml`nqb}n` {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 14
1*=*= Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale
Ns gl{eqbsbs jri qbsqb ml`nqb}n` sem}b e tn`e} ibale cejfbcqr}ni sb e tn`e} ibale ab rin{e{r`ncne W qbi ri tn`e} ; er sb ece}}b}ni n`qb}ncebs b e sbr tn`e} ncqrn` b aldb}bjqb ab ;* Ins{e} tbvbs qbi inls ljqb}bssb snmb} sb bssns n`qb}ncebs ece}}b}ni je sbjqlae ae tn`e} ab sb} noe}n
inle} ~rb ;*
G; 6 ; ts G> 6 : ;Tbfn)sb e sborljqb bwbi{`e6Bwbi{`e 1*1 Njrjcln)sb ~rb ri jete q}nqnibjqe b inls bcnv ~rb e q}nqnibjqe q}nalclejn` {n}n{}e`ejon} n tlan ab aebjqbs bi bsqnae qb}iljn` sed}bjae ab cnjc}e* E q}nqnibjqe q}nalclejn` fn b rsnaekn n`ori qbi{e b snmb)sb ~rb n srn n{`lcncne {}etecn ri qbi{e ibale ab 1*= njes ab sem}btltbjclncei ri abstle {na}ne ab >*> njes*E jete q}nqnibjqe del nailjlsq}nae n 7; {nclbjqbs b es qbi{es }bolsqnaes ab sem}btltbjcln kn aebjcnabsab e ceibce ae q}nqnibjqe bwlml}ni rin ibaln niesq}n` ab 1*2 njes*Sb}n ~rb bsqn ljde}incne ce}}eme}n e njrjcle dblqe ne jete q}nqnibjqe5
Ns cejfbcqr}ns bi cnrsn sne
G; 6 1*= ts G> 6 : 1*=
sbjae e qbi{e ibale ab sem}btltbjcln absab e ljcle ab ri q}nqnibjqe*Jnqr}n`ibjqb n }bo}n ab abclsne {nssn {e} }bfblqn}ies n gl{eqbsb G; 6 1*= sb
W 1*= de}
irlqe o}njab lsqe b sb
W 1*= : m ceim : ;*Ins ~rn` n alsq}lmrlcne ab W5 Sb cejslab}n}ies ~rb e abstle {na}ne sb injqbi cei e tn`e} ab
9 >*> njes bsqnies je cnse an slqrncne M an sbccne =*1*> {e}~rb jne sb cejgbcb n alsq}lmrlcne an{e{r`ncne W)qbi{e ab sem}btltbjcln absab e ljcle ab ri q}nqnibjqe ins cejgbcb)sb n srn tn}lnjclnb qbi)sb rin niesq}n ab alibjsne j 9 7; 3;* [e}qnjqe {eabies alvb} ~rb ~rnjae 9 ; 1*=
V 9 j W ;
qbi alsq}lmrlcne nssljqeqlcn J';, >,
V 9 j W ;
n9;
J';, >,
Bjqne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln
9 inw [']bfblqn} G; pG; tb}anabl}n, 9 inw
[
W 1*= : m p 1*= 9 [W 1*= : m p 9 1*= 99 [
j
W 1*=
:
jm
>
j
m
Cejslab}njae 9 >
jm
j m
9 > '> , 9 v
]bo}n ab abclsne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln
]bfblqn} G; sb W 1*= : j
v
er ab ieae b~rltn`bjqb
]bfblqn} G; sb
jW 1*=
: v
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 17
Qnmb`n 1*=6 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale
G; 6 ; ts G> 6 : ;
Slqrncne Cejgbclibjqe ab W b an niesq}n Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne
N W J, = cei = cejgbclan V 9 jW; 9; J';, >, Yc, (XM W5 cei = cejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;
n9;
J';, >, Yc, (XC W J, = cei = abscejgbclan Q 9 jW;S 9; qj> Yc, (XA W5 cei = abscejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;S
n9;
J';, >, Yc, (X
Dlor}n 1*16 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` al}blqe {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C
1*=*3 Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale
Ins qnimbi {eab qb} ljqb}bssb snmb} sb ns n`qb}ncebs ab ece}}bi je sbjqlae ae sbr tn`e} sb}ibje} ~rb ;*
G; 6 ; ts G> 6 0 ;Tbfnies e sborljqb bwbi{`e6Bwbi{`e 1*2 Jri {}ecbsse ab dnm}lce ab {`ncns ab tla}e {}earvbi)sb me`gns ~rb sb alsq}lmrbin`bnqe}lnibjqb {b`ns {`ncns* Cei mnsb jn nmrjanjqb ljde}incne }bce`glan {b`e ab{n}qnibjqe ab ~rn`)lanab n abjslanab ibaln ans me`gns bsqlintn)sb nqb gn {erce qbi{e bi ;*1 me`gns%i=*]bcbjqbibjqb dbv)sb rin qbjqnqltn ab ib`ge}n} e {}ecbsse {}earqlte bi {n}qlcr`n} je qecnjqb ne
n{n}bclibjqe absqb ql{e ab abdblqe* Ab{els ab sb}bi ljq}earvlans n`orin n`qb}ncebs je {}ecbsse abdnm}lce }bce`gbr)sb rin niesq}n cejsqlqran {e} >2 {`ncns ab 1*2 i= b }bolsqer)sb e jrib}e ab me`)gns bi cnan rin ab`ns* N ibaln an niesq}n del ab 9 ;*3>? me`gns%i= b e abstle {na}ne niesq}n`del ab s 9 ;*==21 me`gns%i=*Tb}l~rbies ne jtb` ab slojlcnjcln ab 2" sb n abjslanab bs{b}nan ab me`gns {e} i= aliljrlr*
Sb }b{}bsbjqn} n abjslanab ibaln ab me`gns%i= ns gl{eqbsbs ~rb bsqne bi cnrsn sne6
G; 6 ;*1 ts G> 6 0 ;*1Dncb kn {}bsbjqb gl{eqbsb jr`n G; 6 ;*1 n }bo}n ab abclsne inls jnqr}n` {nssn {e} }bfblqn}ies
G; 6 ;*1 sb
W ;*1 de} irlqe ibje} ~rb ; lsqe b sb W ;*1 0 c ceic 0 ;*
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 2;
^rnjqe ne { tn`rb qb})sb)n
{ tn`rb 9 ['Q 0 qems p 9 ;*1 , 9 [ 'Q 0 >*1=4>?, 9 ['Q : >*1=4>?, 9 ;*;7?1* Nssli { tn`rb : ;*;2 {b}ilqb)jes abclal} {b`n jne }bfblcne ab G; ne jtb ab 2" ab slojlcnjcln*
[n}n bsqn b erq}ns slqrncebs }bdb}bjqbs ne cejgbclibjqe an {e{r`ncne b an niesq}n qbi)sb n qqr`eab }bsrie6
Qnmb`n 1*36 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale
G; 6 ; ts G> 6 0 ;
Slqrncne Cejgbclibjqe ab W b an niesq}n Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne
N W J, = cei = cejgbclan V 9 jW; 9; J';, >, Y, cXM W5 cei = cejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;
n9;
J';, >, Y, cXC W J, = cei = abscejgbclan Q 9 jW;S 9; qj> Y, cXA W5 cei = abscejgbclan b j 3; V 9 jW;S
n9;
J';, >, Y, cX
Dlor}n 1*26 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncebs N M b A
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 2>
Dlor}n 1*46 Qbsqb rjl`nqb}n` bs~rb}ae {n}n e tn`e} ibale6 Slqrncne C
1*3 Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n tn}lnjcln
Jbsqn sbccne tnies abalcn} n nqbjcne bwc`rsltnibjqb n gl{eqbsbs ~rb bsqnmb`bcbi cejfbcqr}nssem}b n tn}lnjcln = 9 T 'W, ab rin {e{r`ncne W*
Es {}ecbalibjqes b es cejcblqes sne slil`n}bs nes rql`lvnaes jns abarcebs aes qbsqbs {n}n e tn`e}ibale*
Es {}bssr{esqes n bsqnmb`bcb} sem}b n bw{b}lbjcln bsqnqsqlcn sne6>* Qb} rin niesq}n n`bnqe}ln 'W>, * * * , W j, ab alibjsne j an {e{r`ncne W8
=* N {e{r`ncne W qb} rin alsq}lmrlcne je}in` cei tn`e} ibale b tn}lnjcln = abscejgbclans*
[n}n bsqlinae} ab
=
tnies rsn} S
=
9
>
j > jl9> Wl W= b {n}n bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqbW= 9
'j >, S==
~rb ~rnjqlcn}n n alsqnjclnbjq}b S= b = nq}ntbs ab ri ~reclbjqb*
1*3*> Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs ml`nqb}n` {n}n n tn}lnjcln
Cejslab}bies ns gl{eqbsbs
G; 6 = 9 =; ts G> 6
=
9 =;
Jnqr}n`ibjqb ~rb abtbies }bfblqn} n gl{eqbsb = 9 =; sb n niesq}n jes de}jbcb} rin bsqlinqltn
S= irlqe aldb}bjqbab =;* Alqe ab erq}e ieae sb e ~reclbjqbS=
=;de} irlqe {b~rbje er sb de} irlqe
o}njab* Ins sb lsqe ncejqbcb} qnimbi e ~reclbjqb'j >, S=
=;abtb}n sb} abinslnae{b~rbje er
abinslnaeo}njab* Jrin de}ir`ncne inqbinqlcn abtb}bies }bfblqn} n gl{eqbsb ab = 9 =; sb
'j >, S==;
0 n er'j >, S=
=;: m*
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 22
Dlor}n 1*j>jl9>
Wl W
=8
Bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb6 W= 9 = Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n {}e{e}cne
Bwbi{`e 1*? Ri ceib}clnjqb nailqb ~rb n {esslml`lanab ab ri c`lbjqb na~rl}l} {b`e ibjes ri{}earqe jn srn `efn b cejsqnjqb b ab tn`e} sr{b}le} n ;*1* Ar}njqb ri ibs cejqer e jrib}es ab
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 24
Qnmb`n 1*16 Qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs {n}n n tn}lnjcln
G; 6 = 9 =; ts G> 6
= 9 =;Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne '; 0 c> 0 c=,
W J, = abscejgbclae W= 9 'j>,S==; =9=;
=
j> X;, c>X Yc=, (XG; 6
= =; ts G> 6 = 0 =;Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne 'c : ;,
W J, = abscejgbclae W= 9 'j>,S==;
=9=
;
=j> X;, cX
G; 6 = =; ts G> 6 = : =;
Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne 'c : ;,
W J, = abscejgbclae W= 9 'j>,S==;
=9=
;
=j> Yc, (X
Qnmb`n 1*26 Qbsqbs {n}n n {}e{e}cne {
G; 6 { 9 {; ts G> 6 { 9 {;Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne 'c : ;,
W M '>, {, j 3; V 9 j [{;{;'>{;,
n{9{;
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (XG; 6 { {; ts G> 6 { 0 {;
Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne
W M '>, {, j 3; V 9 j [{;{;'>{;,
n{9{;
J';, >, Y, cXG; 6 { {; ts G> 6 { : {;
Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne
W
M '>, {, j
3; V 9
j [{;
{;'>{;,
n
{9{;
J';, >, Yc, (
X
c`lbjqbs ~rb bjq}n}ni jn `efn nssli ceie es ~rb vb}ni n`orin cei{}n qbjae }bolsqnae es tn`e}bs7?7 b 1 6 { : ;*1~rb tnies qbsqn} cei ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 >;"*
N ljde}incne als{ejtb b6
{ 9 1,8
]bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 >;"6 ];*>; Y,cX Yc, (X cei cqn` ~rb ;*>; 9 ['V ];*>;,*;*>; 9 ['V ];*>;, ;*>; 9 ['pVp : c, ;*>; 9 =[ 'V : c, ;*;2 9 ['V : c, c 9 v;*;2 9 >*=7Bjqne ];*>; Y,>*=7X Y>*=7, (X8
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 2?
]bo}n ab abclsne ne jtb` ab slojlcnjcln ab >;"6 ]bfblqn}G; sbvems Y,>*=7XY>*=7, (X8 Abclsne ne jtb` ab >;" ab slojlcnjcln6 vems 9
7?7 ;*24;*1
;*1'>;*1, 9 ; `eoe }bfblqniesG; er sbfn bwlsqb btlabjcln bsqnqsqlcn {n}n n}in} ~rb n {}emnml`lanab ab ~rn`~rb} c`lbjqb dnvb}rin cei{}n b sr{b}le} n ;*1 cei rin slojlcnjcln ab >;"*
E {)tn`rb nsseclnae ne qbsqb b6 { tn`rb 9 ['pVp : pvemsp, 9 [ 'pVp : 9 = ts G> 6 > 9 =Slqrncne Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne 'c : ;,
N W J>, => , \ J=, == V 9 W\=>
j>(==
j=
>9=
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (X=> ,
== cejgbclans
M W5, \ 5 V 9 W\=>
j>(==
j=
n>9=
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (X
=> , == cejgbclans j> b j= 3;
C W J>, => , \ J=, == Q 9 W\S{
>
j>( >j=
>9=
qj>(j== Y,cX Yc, (X=> 9
== abscejgbclan
A W5, \ 5 V 9 W\S=>
j>(S==
j=
n>9=
J';, >, Y,cX Yc, (X
=> , == abscejgbclans j> b j= 3;
G; 6 > = ts G> 6 > 0 =Slqrncne Cejalcebs ab n{`lcncne Bsqnqsqlcn qbsqb ]bolne }bfblcne
N W J>, => , \ J=, == V 9 W\=>
j>(==
j=
>9=
J';, >, Y, cX
=> , == cejgbclans
M W5, \ 5 V 9 W\=>
j>(==
j=
n>9=
J';, >, Y, cX
=> , == cejgbclans j> b j= 3;
C W J
>,
=>
, \ J
=,
==
Q 9
W\
S{
>
j>( >j=
>9=
qj>(j== Y, cX
=
> 9 =
= abscejgbclanA W5, \ 5 V 9 W\
S=>
j>(S==
j=
n>9=
J';, >, Y, cX
=> , == abscejgbclans j> b j= 3;
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 4>
N d}b~rbjcln }b`nqltn ab rin c`nssb b rin bsqlinqltn an {}emnml`lanab abssn c`nssb*[e} bwbi{`e n d}b~rbjcln }b`nqltn 1%34 9 ;*>>> an c`nssb Y3*7, 1*;Y b rin bsqlinqltn an tb}anabl}n
{}emnml`lanab absqn c`nssb er sbfn ab ['3*7 0 W 1*;,*E}n sb n gl{eqbsb G;6 W qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` de} tb}anabl}n lsqe b sb W J
, =
{= 9 ['C C=, 9 ['3*7 0 W 1*;, 9 ['W 1*;, ['W 3*7, 99 [
V 1*;
[
V 3*7
9
9
1*;
3*7
~rb jne {eabies cn`cr`n} {e}~rb abscejgbcbies e tn`e} ab b ab *
Cejqrae snmbies ~rb es bsqlinae}bs W b S de}jbcbi mens bsqlinqltns {n}n b {n}n }bs{bcql)tnibjqb* [e}qnjqe {eabies bsqlin} n njqb}le} {}emnml`lanab srmsqlqrljae {e} W b {e} S*
Nssli
{= 9 ['W C=, 1*;
s 3*7
s 99 '>*=>, '>*?;, 9 ;*;4Jeqn6 ]b{n}b ~rb {n}n e cn`cr`e an {}emnml`lanab deies em}lonaes n rsn} ns bsqlinqltns ab =
{n}nibq}es*
Sb }b{bql}ies bsqb }nclecjle {n}n ns }bsqnjqbs c`nssbs bjqne ns d}b~rbjclns }b`nqltns =%34 9 ;*;241%34 9 ;*>>> 2%34 9 ;*>37 4%34 9 ;*>4? 4%34 9 ;*>4? ?%34 9 ;*>>> b =%34 9 ;*;24ans c`nssbs }bs{bcqltnibjqb Y, 3*7Y Y3*7, 1*;Y Y1*;, 1*=Y Y1*=, 1*1Y Y1*1, 1*4Y Y1*4, 1*7Y Y1*7, 2*;Y bY2*;, (X sne bsqlinqltns ans sborljqbs {}emnml`lanabs 'cnse G; sbfn tb}anabl}n,
{> 9 ['W C>, 9 ['W 3*7, 3*7
s 9 '>*?;, 9 ;*;114{= 9 ['W C=, 9 ;*;4{3 9 ['W C3, 9 ['1*; 0 W 1*=,
1*=
s
1*;
s
9
9 ';*?>, '>*=>, 9 ;*>=37{1 9 ['W C1, 9 ['1*= 0 W 1*1,
1*1
s
1*=
s
9
9 ';*==, ';*?>, 9 ;*>?17{2 9 ['W C2, 9 ['1*1 0 W 1*4,
1*4
s
1*1
s
9
9 ';*=?,
'
;*==, 9 ;*>?;4{? 9 ['W C?, 9 ['1*7 0 W 2*;,
1*7
s
2*;
s
9
9 '>*=4, ';*?4, 9 ;*>>7>{7 9 ['W C7, 9 ['W : 2*;, >
2*;
s
9 > '>*=4, 9 ;*>;12
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 4=
Ncejqbcb ~rb sb n gl{eqbsb G;6 W J
, =
de} tb}anabl}n n aldb}bjcn bjq}b n d}b~rbjcln}b`nqltn b n {}emnml`lanab ab cnan c`nssb jne abtb sb} irlqe o}njab*
Ins sb n gl{eqbsbG;6W J
, =
jne de} tb}anabl}n n alsc}b{njcln bjq}b n d}b~rbjcln }b`nqltnb n {}emnml`lanab ab cnan c`nssb {eab}n sb} irlqe o}njab*
]bsriljae abtb}bies }bfblqn} G;6 W
J, = sb e qeqn` ans aldb}bjcns bjq}b ns d}b~rbjclns}b`nqltns b ns {}emnml`lanabs ab qeans ns c`nssbs de} irlqe o}njab lsqe b sb
hl9>
'Dl {l,=
de} irlqe o}njab ejab h }b{}bsbjqn e qeqn` ab c`nssbs cejslab}nans*Cejqrae b inls ceieae q}nmn`gn}ies cei ns d}b~rbjclns nmse`rqns El 9 jDl ae ~rb cei n
d}b~rbjclns }b`nqltns b ceie qn` abtb}bies }bfblqn}G;6 W J
, =
sb
h
l9> 'El j{l,=
de} irlqe o}njab*N ~rnjqlanab j{l b abslojnan {e} d}b~rbjcln bs{b}nan an c`nssb l b }b{}bsbjqn)sb {e} Bl 9 j{l*Jn }bn`lanab jne b bwncqnibjqb n sein
hl9>
'El Bl,=
~rb sb}tl}n {n}n qbsqn}ies ns jessns gl{eqbsbs ins sli n sein
W=
9
hl9>
'El
Bl,
=
Bl
~rb sb abslojn {e} bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb ae ~rl)~rna}nae*Nssli }bfblqn}bies n gl{eqbsbG;6W J
, =
~rnjae W= nssril} tn`e}bs abinslnae b`btnaes
b {e}qnjqe n }bolne ab }bfblcne ae qbsqb b6
] Yc,X
sbjae e jtb` ab slojlcnjcln ~rb nssecln}ies kn jessn abclsne*Bsce`glae bssb jtb` ab slojlcnjcln e tn`e} c sb}n n~rb`b qe}jn tn`lan n lorn`anab6
9 [W= ] 9 [W= : cb ceie qn` {}bclsnies ab snmb} {}btlnibjqb ~rn` n alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqbW=*
^rn` n alsq}lmrlcne ab niesq}nobi ab W=5^rnjae G; b tb}anabl}n W
= qbi alsq}lmrlcne ae ~rl)~rna}nae cei ri jrib}e ab o}nrs ab `lmb})anab lorn` n 'je c`nssbs je {n}nibq}es bsqlinaes >, 9 'h = >, 9 'h 3, o}nrs ab `lmb}anab bbsc}btbies ab ieae nm}btlnae
W= semG;
=h3
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 43
Bjqne
9 [
W= : c c 9 =h36
b n }bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln b6
] =h36, (]bsriljae
]bo}n ab abclsne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln
]bfblqn} G; sb W= 9hl9>
'El Bl,=Bl
: =h36
Dlor}n 1*>;6 Qbsqb ae ~rl)~rna}nae ne {}bssr{esqe ab je}in`lanab
Bwbi{`e 1*>; Tnies noe}n cejc`rl} e jesse bwbi{`e 1* Y, 3*7Y = >*4;24 = Y3*7, 1*;Y 1 =*17?4 3 Y1*;, 1*=Y 2 1*1247 1 Y1*=, 1*1Y 4 4*=7=< 2 Y1*1, 1*4Y 4 ?*;;=; 4 Y1*4, 1*7Y ? 4*>1>4 ? Y1*7, 2*;Y 1 1*=2>4 7 Y2*;, (X = 3*?4=;
Qeqnls 34 34
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 41
Njqbs ab {}essborl}ies je cn`cr`e ae tn`e} emsb}tnae an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb W= abtbies dnvb}ri }b)no}r{nibjqe ans c`nssbs {e}~rb jrin men {}nqlcn absqb qbsqb b rsrn` bwlol})sb ~rb qeans nsc`nssbs qbjgni tn`e}bs bs{b}naes sr{b}le}bs n 2 lsqe b
Bl 9 j{l : 2, > l h, sbjae h e qeqn` ab c`nssbs
Jbsqb bwbi{`e abtbies no`rqljn} ns c`nssbs >= b 3 nssli ceie ns c`nssbs ? b 7 sbjae n d}b~rbjclnbs{b}nan ans jetns c`nssbs lorn` kns d}b~rbjclns ans c`nssbs ~rb sb rjl}ni*
N sborl} n{}bsbjqnies n qnmb`n ab d}b~rbjclns emsb}tnans b bs{b}nans n ~rb sb nalclejn rin r`qlince`rjn 'e{clejn`, cei ns {n}cb`ns an bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb ae ~rl)~rna}nae*
C`nssb D}b~rbjcln nmse`rqn D}b~rbjcln bs{b}nan
l Cl El Bl 'El Bl,= %Bl> Y, 1*=Y >> 7*22;; ;*?;=; = Y1*=, 1*1Y 4 4*=7=< ;*;>34 3 Y1*1, 1*4Y 4 ?*;;=; ;*>131
1 Y1*4, 1*7Y ? 4*>1>4 ;*>=;; 2 Y1*7, (X 4 7*;>34 ;*2;4; Qeqnls 34 34 >*172
Bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb6 W= 9 2l9> 'El Bl,= %Bl semG;
=2=> =={e}~rb qbies h 9 2 c`nssbs b bsqlinies { 9 = {n}nibq}es8
]bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 2"6];*;2 Yc, (X cei c qn` ~rb [
W= ];*;2
9 ;*;2*
[
W= ];*;2
9 ;*;2 [
W= : c
9 ;*;2 c ==6;*;2 9 2*2 br}es*
Ns jessns gl{eqbsbs sne
G; 6 W J
, >2=
ts G> 6 W jne qbi alsq}lmrlcne J
, >2=
Sb cejslab}n}ies rin niesq}n ab onsqes bi n`libjqncne abj 9 1; dni`lns b e sbr no}r{nibjqebi c`nssbs bw{esqe jn qnmb`n sborljqb6
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 42
Qnmb`n ab d}b~rbjclns
C`nssb D}b~rbjcln emsb}tnanl Cl El> Y, ?2Y >= Y?2, 72Y =
3 Y72, ;2 Y>;2, >>2Y >=4 Y>>2, >=2Y 7? Y>=2, >32Y 37 Y>32, (X >
Qeqnls 1;
b snmbjae ~rb 9 >;7 br}es {}bclsnies noe}n ab cn`cr`n} n d}b~rbjcln bs{b}nan ab cnan c`nssb{}bssr{ejae ~rb n gl{eqbsb G; b tb}anabl}n er sbfn {}bssr{ejae ~rb W J
, >2=
*
[n}n bwbi{`lcncne n{}bsbjqnies e cn`cr`e an d}b~rbjcln bs{b}nan an c`nssb C3 9 Y72, 2
9
9 1;
2
72
>2
Ins ceie abscejgbcbies e tn`e} ab qb}bies ab e srmsqlqrl} {b`n }bs{bcqltn bsqlinqltn 9 >;7*
Jeqn6 ]b{n}b ~rb {n}n e cn`cr`e ans d}b~rbjclns bs{b}nans seies em}lonaes n rsn} n bsqlinqltnab > {n}nibq}e*
Bjqne
B3 9 j{3 1;
2
72
>2
9
9 1; ' ';*7?, '>*23,, 9 1; ;*>3;2 9 2*==;;Cei{`bqnjae e cn`cr`e ans }bsqnjqbs d}b~rbjclns bs{b}nans b cejslab}njae n bsqnqsqlcn ae qbsqb ae
~rl)~rna}nae
W= 9?
l9>'El Bl,=
Bl
~rb 'sem n tn`lanab ab G; 6 W
, >2=
, qb}n noe}n alsq}lmrlcne ae ~rl)~rna}nae cei ri jrib}eab o}nrs ab `lmb}anab lorn` n'je c`nssbs je {n}nibq}es bsqlinaes >, 9 '? > >, 9 2 emqbi)sb
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1* Qbsqb ab Gl{eqbsbs 44
C`nssb D}b~rbjcln emsb}tnan D}b~rbjcln bs{b}nan
l Cl El Bl 'El Bl,= %Bl> Y, ?2Y >
4;*224
?*?=1 ;*3717 = Y?2, 72Y = >*;2, >>2Y >= >;*324 ;*=4>; 4 Y>>2, >=2Y 7 ?*4?= ;*;>1; 4 Y>=2, >32Y 3
13*?;1
2*>1; ;*=2=7 ? Y>32, (X > >*134
Qeqnls 1; 1; >*;;;;
Bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb6 W= 9 2l9> 'El Bl,= %Bl semG;
=2>> =3{e}~rb qbies h 9 2 c`nssbs b bsqlinies { 9 > {n}nibq}es8
]bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 2"6];*;2 Yc, (X cei c qn` ~rb [
W= ];*;2
9 ;*;2*
[
W= ];*;2
9 ;*;2 [W= : c 9 ;*;2 c =36;*;2 9 ?*7>2* Nssli ];*;2 Y?*7>2, (X8 ]bo}n ab }bfblcne ne jtb` ab 2" ab slojlcnjcln6 ]bfblqn} G; sb =ems Y?*7>2, (X8 Abclsne {n}n 2" ab slojlcnjcln6 Ceie =ems 9 >*;;;; % ];*;2 jne bwlsqb btlabjcln bsqnqsqlcn
{n}n artlan} ab ~rb n {e{r`ncne W)onsqe sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne '{n}n dni`lns cei aels`ges, bi Noesqe ab =;;3 qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` cei abstle {na}ne cejgbclae b ab tn`e} 9 >2 br}es*
{ tn`rb nsseclnae ne qbsqb6 { tn`rb 9 [W= : >*;;; 9 ;*7;>3*
Bsql{r`njae ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln 9 ;*;2 qbies =26;*;2 9 >>*;? b ceie
=ems 9 ?>*;? 9 =26;*;2
jne bwlsqbi }nvebs {n}n artlan} ab ~rb n {e{r`ncne W)onsqe sbinjn` bi n`libjqncne '{n}n dni`lnscei aels `ges, bi Noesqe ab =;;3 qbi alsq}lmrlcne je}in` cei abstle {na}ne cejgbclae b ab tn`e} 9 >2 br}es*
Jeqn6 E qbsqb ae ~rl)~rna}nae {n}n qbsqb ae nfrsqnibjqe an alsq}lmrlcne ab rin {e{r`ncne birlqe inls tnsqe ae ~rb e n~rl bw{esqe* Jn }bn`lanab {eab sb} rsnae {n}n qbsqn} e nfrsqnibjqe ab
~rn`~rb} alsq}lmrlcne {}bcejlvnan {n}n rin t*n** [n}n n srn rql`lvncne se {}bclsnies ab on}njql} ~rbn niesq}n sbfn srclbjqbibjqb o}njab*Bwlsqbi erq}es qbsqbs {n}n qbsqn} n alsq}lmrlcne nssrilan {n}n rin {e{r`ncne 'er t*n*,* Se n
qqr`e ab ljde}incne jne {eabies ablwn} ab }bdb}l} e qbsqb ab He`ieoe}et)Sil}jet {n}qlcr`n}ibjqbcejtbjlbjqb {n}n qbsqn} n je}in`lanab ab rin {e{r`ncne*
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Cn{qr`e 2
]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs
2*> ]b`ncne bjq}b tn}lntbls
N }bo}bssne `ljbn} b rin qbcjlcn bsqnqsqlcn ~rb {b}ilqb bsqran} n }b`ncne inqbinqlcn bjq}b rintn}lntb` \ 'cgninan tn}lntb` ab{bjabjqb, b rin er inls tn}lntbls , w , * * * 'cgninans tn}lntbls lj)ab{bjabjqbs,* [}bqbjabies bsqnmb`bcb} rin }b`ncne inqbinqlcn ~rb {esslml`lqb bw{`lcn} e tn`e} antn}lntb` \ rin tbv cejgbclaes es tn`e}bs ans tn}lntbls ljab{bjabjqbs , w , * * **
Btlabjqbibjqb ~rb q}nqnjae)sb ab rin qbcjlcn bsqnqsqlcn n }b`ncne n bsqran} bjq}b n tn}lntb`ab{bjabjqb b ns tn}lntbls ljab{bjabjqbs b rin }b`ncne cnsrsqlcn 'er li{}bclsn,* Er sbfn rin }b`ncnebi ~rb {n}n es ibsies tn`e}bs ans tn}lntbls ljab{bjabjqbs jne b {esstb` alvb} bwncqnibjqb ~rn` etn`e} ab \*
Bwbi{`e 2*> Cejslab}bies e sborljqb cejfrjqe ab anaes }b`nqltes ne te`rib ibjsn` ab tbjans \'bi il`gn}bs ab rjlanabs, ab rin in}cn ab cei{rqnae}bs b ne jrib}e ab njrjcles ~rb {nssn}ni
aln}lnibjqb jn qb`btlsne bi cnan ibs*Ibs Fnj Dbt In} Nm} Inl Frj Fr` Noe Sbq Erq Jet Abv
l 1 > 3 ; = 1 = 3 > = ; >
|l 1*; =3 3? => 3*; 1? 32 1= =< 3= >< =4
E alno}nin ab als{b}sne absqbs anaes }btb`n n bwlsqbjcln ab rin }b`ncne `ljbn} {}emnml`sqlcn*
; > = 3 1
=*;
=*2
3*;
3*2
1*;
1*2
Njrjcles
Tbjans
4?
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs 47
2*= Ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs
^rnjae bwlsqb n{bjns rin tn}lntb` ljab{bjabjqb b n srn }b`ncne {}emnml sqlcn cei n tn}lntb`ab{bjabjqb \ b rin }b`ncne `ljbn} e ieab`e inqbinqlce li{ clqe b bw{}bsse {e}6
\ p 9 ; ( > ( B, '2*=*>,
b alv)sb ri ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs*Alvbies ~rb ri ieab`e inqbinqlce b ri ieab`e `ljbn} ~rnjae bsqb de} `ljbn} jes {n}nibq}es*
[e} bwbi{`e e ieab`e inqbinqlce
\ p 9 ; ( >= ( B
qnimbi b ri ieab`e `ljbn}* Ins e ieab`e inqbinqlce
\ p 9 ; ( > ( Bfn jne b ri ieab`e `ljbn} {e}~rb n{bsn} ab sb} `ljbn} }b`nqltnibjqb n ; fn jne e b }b`nqltnibjqb n>*
[e} erq}e `nae e ieab`e 2*=*> b ri ieab`e ab }bo}bssne sli{`bs {e}~rb jb`b cejsqn n{bjns rintn}lntb` ljab{bjabjqb* [e} bwbi{`e e ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn}
\ p 9 ; ( > ( =w ( B,
b alqe ri ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} ir`ql{`n*Njn`lsbies cei inls abqn`gb e ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs
\ p 9 ; ( > ( BN cei{ejbjqb ; ( > b n cei{ejbjqb abqb}iljsqlcn ae ieab`e* N cei{ejbjqb B bw{}bssn n
jnqr}bvn n`bnqe}ln ae ieab`e*Nssli ri ieab`e bsqnqsqlce ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs cn cei{`bqe sb cejslab}n}ies ~rb6 ; b > sne es {n}nibq}es ae ieab`e 'cgninaes cebclbjqbs an }bo}bssne, n bsqlin}8 b n tn}lntb` ljab{bjabjqb 'er tn}lntb` cejq}e`nan,8 \ b n tn}lntb` ab{bjabjqb 'er tn}lntb` }bs{esqn, b q}nqn)sb ab rin tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln8 B b e b}}e b q}nqn)sb ab rin tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln ~rb sb
{}bssr{eb qb} alsq}lmrlcne je}in` ab tn`e} ibale jr`e b tn}lnjcln =
B J;, = *
; b n e}abjnan jn e}lobi b > b e abc`ltb an }bcqn*
Jeqn6 \ p ncnmn {e} sb} rin tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln {e}~rb sbjae e b}}e B n cei{ejbjqb n`bnqe}lnbjqne \ p 9 ; ( > ( B b qnimbi tn}lntb` n`bnqe}ln*
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs 4 ( B, 9 ; ( > ( B'B, 9 ; ( >T '\ p , 9 T '; ( > ( B, 9 T 'B, 9 =
er sbfn\ p J; ( >, = *
Abtbies qnimbi sn`lbjqn} ~rb = b ri {n}nibq}e nalclejn` ae ieab`e ~rb jbcbsslqn sb} bsqlinaecnse jne sb cejgbcn e sbr tn`e}*
2*3 Ibqeae aes ijlies ~rna}naes {n}n bsqlin} ; b >
Ncblqnjae ri ieab`e ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs
\ p 9 ; ( > ( B,li{e}qn noe}n bsqlin} n }bcqn ab }bo}bssne er sbfn bjcejq}n} bsqlinae}bs {n}n es {n}nibq}es ; b >*
Btlabjqbibjqb ~rb {}ecr}nies bjcejq}n} n }bcqn ~rb ib`ge}sb nfrsqb n ri cejfrjqe ab jemsb}tncebs '>, |>, , '=, |=, , * * * , 'j, |j, an tn}lntb` cejq}e`nan b an tn}lntb` }bs{esqn \ p *
Nssrilies ~rb es b}}es n`bnqe}les Bl {n}n cnan {n} 'l, \l, sne ljab{bjabjqbs sborljae qeaes nibsin alsq}lmrlcne J
;, =
6
\ pl 9 ; ( >l ( Bl, Bl J
;, =
ljab{bjabjqbs
Nssli abtb}bies bjcejq}n} bsqlinae}bs ; b > aes cebclbjqbs an }bcqn ab }bo}bssne ; b >}bs{bcqltnibjqb {n}n emqb}ies rin }bcqn bsqlinan
\ p 9 ; ( >
Ab bjq}b altb}ses ibqeaes ~rb bwlsqbi {n}n n abarcne an }bcqn nfrsqnan tnies n~rl nme}an} eljqlqr`nae ibqeae aes ijljes ~rna}naes* Cejslsqb bsqb ibqeae bi abqb}iljn} es bsqlinae}bs ; b> aes cebclbjqbs ab }bo}bssne ; b > ~rb cejarvni n rin }bcqn ~rb sb nfrsqn ne cejfrjqe abemsb}tncebs iljlilvnjae n sein ae ~rna}nae aes abstles bjq}b cnan emsb}tncne ab 'l, \l, b n }bcqn\l 9 ; ( >l l 9 >, * * * , j*
Jbsqb ibqeae es abstles
Bl 9 \l \l 9 \l ; >l
sne n aldb}bjcn jn tb}qlcn` bjq}b e tn`e} an emsb}tncne \l b n srn bsqlinqltn ab }bo}bssne\l 9
;(
>lbjqbjabjae)sb {e} sli{`lclanab ab jeqncne ~rb \l \ pl b \l \ pl *
N sein ae ~rna}naes ab qeaes es abstles }b{}bsbjqn})sb)n {e} S^B b bjcejq}n} es bsqlinae}bs; b > alqes bsqlinae}bs ab ijlies ~rna}naes ab ; b > }bs{bcqltnibjqb cejslsqb bi }bse`tb} e{}em`bin
iljlilvn} S^B 9jl9>
B=l 9jl9>
\l \l
=9jl9>
\l ; >l
=,
bi e}abi n ; b >*
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs ?;
Abiejsq}n)sb ~rb bsqn iljlilvncne b cejsborlan }bse`tbjae bi e}abi n ; b > e slsqbin abb~rncebs
;S^B 9 ;
>S^B 9 ;
=j
l9> \l ; >l
9 ;
=jl9>
l
\l ; >l
9 ;
Ns se`rcebs absqb slsqbin sne6
> 9
jjl9>
l\l jl9>
l
jl9>
\l
jjl9>
=l jl9>
l
=
; 9
>
j
jl9>
\l >>
j
jl9>
l
~rb {eabi nljan sb} bw{}bssns {e}
> 9Sw\Sww
b ; 9 \ >,
cejslab}njae
9 >j
jl9>
l ibaln ans emsb}tncebs ab
\ 9 >j
jl9>
\l ibaln an niesq}n n`bnqe}ln ab \
Sww 9jl9>
'l ,= 9jl9>
=l j= sein ab ~rna}naes {n}n
S\ \ 9jl9>
\l \
=9jl9>
\=l j \= sein ab ~rna}naes {n}n \
Sw\ 9j
l9>'l ,
\l \
9
j
l9>l\l j \ sein ab {}earqes c}rvnaes {n}n ', \,
N sein aes ~rna}naes aes abstles {eab nljan sb} bsc}lqn
S^B 9jl9>
\l \l
=9jl9>
\l ; >>
=9 S\ \ S
=w\
Sww9 S\ \ =>Sww*
An)sb e jeib ab }bcqn ab }bo}bssne ab ijlies ~rna}naes ne bsqlinae} an }bcqn ab }bo}bssne
\ p 9 ; ( >*
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs ?=
2*1*= ^rn`lanab ae nfrsqnibjqe
^rnjqe ibje}bs de}bi es tn`e}bs aes }bsares
Bl 9 \l \l 9 \l ; >l, l 9 >, * * * , j
ib`ge} b e nfrsqnibjqe an }bcqn ab ijlies ~rna}naes* [e} bsqn }nvne {eabies alvb} ~rb ~rnjqeibje} de} e tn`e} an sein ae ~rna}nae aes }bsares S^B ib`ge} b e nfrsqnibjqe*Abjlcne 2*> An)sb e jeib ab cebclbjqb ab abqb}iljncne n
]= 9 > S^Bjl9>
\l \
= 9 >S\ \ =>Sww
S\ \9 =>
SwwS\ \
9S=w\
SwwS\ \
b qein tn`e}bs ; ]= >*
Jeqn6 N sein ab ~rna}naes S\ \ 9
j
l9> \l \
=}bbcqb n tn}lnml`lanab ab \ ~rnjae jne sb
bjq}n bi `ljgn ab cejqn cei n srn btbjqrn` }b`ncne cei n tn}lntb` * [e} erq}e `nae S^B }bbcqb ntn}lnml`lanab ab \ ~rnjae b rsnae e ieab`e ab }bo}bssne {n}n bw{`lcn} es tn`e}bs ab \ ceie }bs{esqnn * [e} i S\ \ S^B ibab n }barcne jn tn}lnml`lanab qeqn` ab \ ~rb sb cejsborb ne rsn} {n}nbw{`lcn} n }bs{esqn \* Bjqne ne altlal}ies S\ \ S^B {e} S\ \ emqbies ri bsqlinae} an }barcne}b`nqltn an tn}lnml`lanab ne rsn}ies e ieab`e {n}n bw{`lcn}ies \ ceie drjcne `ljbn} ab *
S\ \ 9jl9>
\l \
=9jl9>
\l \l ( \l \
=9
9j
l9> \l \l
=
S^B
(j
l9> \l \
=
S^]
(j
l9> \l \l\l
\ N
N 9jl9>
\l \l
\l \
9jl9>
\l \l
; ( >l \
9
9jl9>
\l \l
\ > ( >l \
9 >
jl9>
\l \l
'l , 9
9 >
jl9>
\l ; >l
'l , 9 >
jl9>
\l \ ( > >l
'l , 9
9 >
j
l9>
\l \ 'l , Sw\
(>=j
l9> 'l ,
=
Sww
9
9 Sw\Sww
Sw\ (S=w\S=ww
Sww 9 ;
S\ \ 9 S^B ( S^]
Jeqn6 E cebclbjqb ab abqb}iljncne nssrib tn`e}bs cei{}bbjalaes bjq}b vb}e b ri* Tbfnies nljqb}{}bqncne ~rb {eab sb} anan n bsqbs tn`e}bs*
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs ?2
@eoe ; b bsqlinae} cbjq}nae {n}n ;*
T
;
9 T
\ >
9 T
\
( =T
> =cet
\ , >
9
9=
j
( ==
Sww =cet \ , > 9
=
j
( ==
Sww
9=
j > (
j=
Sww9
9=
jSww
Sww ( j
=
9=
jSww
jl9>
=l
j= ( j=
9
=
jSww
jl9>
=l
{e}~rb cet
\ , >
9 cet
\ ,
Sw\Sww
9
>
Swwcet
\ , Sw\
9
9>
Swwcet
>
j
jl9>
\l,jl9>
'l , \l
9 {b`n ljab{bjabjcln ab \l
9>
jSww
jl9>
cet '\l, 'l , \l, 9 >jSww
jl9>
'l , cet '\l, \l,
9 >jSww
jl9>
'l , T '\l, 9 >jSww
jl9>
'l , =
9=
jSww
jl9>
'l , 9 =
jSww'j j, 9 ;
Bi }bsrie6
; J
;,=
jSww
jl9>
=l
Sbjae abscejgbclan n tn}lnjcln = aes b}}es {eabies bsqlin)`n {e} = 9S^B
j =* N srmsqlqrlcne
ab = {b`e sbr bsqlinae} = em}lon)jes n cejslab}n} n sborljqb alsq}lmrlcne {n}n ;6
Q 9; ;
=jl9>
=l
jSww
9
jSwwjl9>
=l
; ;
qj=
'Q qbi alsq}lmrlcne q cei 'j =, o}nrs ab `lmb}anab,
2*4 Ljdb}bjcln sem}b es {n}nibq}es ae ieab`e
2*4*> Ljdb}bjcln sem}b >
Bsqlincne ab > {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn
> b e abc`ltb an }bcqn ab }bo}bssne b ceie qn` ibab e o}nr ab c}bsclibjqe ab \ }b`nqltnibjqb nestn`e}bs ab * [nssnies n bsqran} n srn bsqlincne {b`es aels {}ecbsses ~rb cejgbcbies* N bsqlincne
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2* ]bo}bssne @ljbn} Sli{`bs ?4
{ejqrn` b dblqn {b`e bsqlinae}
> 9Sw\Sww
[nssbies kn bsqlincne {e} ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> ,*
N bsqnqsqlcn {lteq ~rb abtbies rsn} b6 Q 9 Sww > > qj=*Anan n slibq}ln bi vb}e an alsq}lmrlcne q {eabies absab `eoe n}in} ~rb6
> 9 [qj=6%= Q qj=6%= > 9 [qj=6%=
Sww
> >
qj=6%=
> 9 [> qj=6%=
=
Sww > > ( qj=6%=
=
Sww
Nssli
Ljqb}tn`e ab cejnjcn '> , {n}n e abc`ltb >
LC> '>, > qj=6%=
=
Sww, > ( qj=6%=
=
Sww
Qbsqb ab gl{eqbsbs sem}b >
Fn nq}ns alssbies ~rb > b e abc`ltb an }bcqn ab }bo}bssne b ceie qn` ibab e o}nr ab c}bsclibjqeab \ }b`nqltnibjqb nes tn`e}bs ab * Ab {n}qlcr`n} li{e}qnjcln b e cnse bi ~rb > 9 ;* ^rnjae qn`ncejqbcb n tn}lntb` jne b cn{nv ab absc}btb} es tn`e}bs ab \* Nssli e qbsqb ans gl{eqbsbs
G; 6 > 9 ; ts G> 6 > 9 ;{b}ilqb qbsqn} bsqn slqrncne*
Ins e qbsqb absqns gl{eqbsbs ljc`r)sb je qbsqb inls objb}lce ans gl{eqbsbs
G; 6 > 9 n ts G> 6 > 9 n~rb {nssnies n abarvl}*
^rnjae G; b tb}anabl}n n bsqnqsqlcn ab qbsqb b6 Q 9
Sww> n
>9n
qj=
N }bolne ab }bfblcne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln b abjlan {e}6 ] Y,cXYc, (X , c : ;Abqb}iljbies e tn`e} ab c6
9 ['Q
]
, 9 ['Q 0
c, ( [ 'Q : c, 9 [ 'Q : c, ( [ 'Q : c, 9
9 =['Q : c, ['Q : c, 9 %= c 9 qj=6%=
]bo}n ab abclsne {n}n ri jtb` ab slojlcnjcln
]bfblqn} G; sb qems ] ,qj=6%= qj=6%=, (
Jeqn6 Qnimbi sb {eabi abarvl} qbsqbs ab gl{eqbsbs rjl`nqb}nls sem}b > sb mbi ~rb jne qbiqnjqe ljqb}bssb jns n{`lcncebs nes ieab`es ab }bo}bssne `ljbn} sli{`bs*
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