7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 1/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 2/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 3/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 4/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 5/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4/ / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / /
Cxa| Måh &Ljjtm/!
A \ D O
1 9 6 % 6 = % 1 2 2 = % < 6 1 % 1
H O H T J 4
2 7 4
Cxa|g Ehchtj
Kj|hr Dxgmh|
Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{
]gegt \fxgca
Kxgo Iüeh{ Cgtg
Aioglaj Egt}åoh{
Tgûc ]çttgig
Kjgo G/ Grgta|a
Kj|hr Cgljedg
Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg
\gajg Dacdgj Xt`ama
Oxtag \httgoj
Hwxarj mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht
Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch|
\joag Jt}hig
Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh}
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 6/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC </ / / / / / / / /
GRTHOMAHOMJG \HT AIXGCH\/EGOXGC MHHMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 7/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=/ / / / / / / / /
ÅOMALH
ÅOMALH
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 8/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 8/ / / / / / / / /
Rth|ho}glaüo
7/// ºMa~ht|amgm j ma~ht|amgmh|: Cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|
Cxa| Måh# Cxa|g Ehchtj# Kj|hr Dxgmh|
7/// Ohlh|amgm mh mh|grthomht rgtg |hixat grthomahomj
4/// ºOxh~g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc j mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|:
</// Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag
=/// Hc iáohtj ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag8/// Cg amho}analglaüo thcaiaj|g ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag
4/// Rcxtgca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; ºwxá |aioanalg
–ao}htlxc}xtgc― lxgomj fgdcgej| mh –hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc―:
Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{
7/// Gcixog| rthixo}g|
4/// Rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh rgt}amg
</// Rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc
=/// Mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm;
=/7/// Cg ohlh|amgm mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej
=/4/// Cj h|rhlånalj mh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc
=/</// Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ljej ao|}txeho}j rgtg cg ljo~a~holag;
ljomalajoh| mh |x mh|gttjccj
=/=/// ºOhiglaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej j ltå}alg ljo|}txl}a~g:
8/// Thnchvaüo naogc |jdth hmxlglaüo q nx}xtj
</// Gcixoj| ejmhcj| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc; hc mhdg}h ho}th cj|
ljo}hoamj| q cj| mh|}aog}gtaj|
]gegt \fxgca 7/// Hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg; Hmxlglaüo q ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc
4/// Cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc
</// Ltå}alg mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc
=/// Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
8/// Honjwxh| }hütalj| q rtçl}alj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
>/// Xog rtjrxh|}g rtçl}alg mh rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc
72
7>
76
47
48
<7
<6
=6
=1
82
8<
8>
8>
89
86
81
>7
>>
>9
92
97
9<
98
96
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 9/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 10/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Egoxgc mh hmxlglaÜo ao}htlxc}xtgc 9/ / / / / / / / /
6/// Hc cxigt mh cg hmxlglaüo oj njtegc; cg njteglaüo mh h|rglaj| q rj|adacamgmh| mh
thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch|
Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg q \gajg Dacdgj Xt`ama
7/// Ao}tjmxllaüo4/// Mh cj| h|rglaj| rgtg cg thcglaüo mh gx}jgrjqj gc herjmhtgeaho}j rgtg cg ~a|adaca{glaüo
rûdcalg q rjcå}alg/
% Itxrj mh holxho}tj –]jtth mh Dgdhc―
% Cg rtgva| mh cg| exkhth| aoeaitgo}h| ho Exkhth| mhc Exomj
% Rtjqhl}j –Fheho―; Hvrhtaholag mh thcglaüo q holxho}tj kx~hoac ao}htlxc}xtgc
</// G|jlaglajoh| q H|rglaj| Ljexoa}gtaj|; ºh|rglaj| mh fjq gdaht}j| g cg laxmgmgoåg mhc eg÷gog:
% GERG mh cg H|lxhcg mh Xtadgtta ho Dacdgj
% Hc Ljo|jtlaj –Lxc}xtg| Xoamg| “ @xc}xt Dg}xg`―
=/// ºKxo}j| rhtj oj th~xhc}j|: H|rglaj| |jlagch| rgtg hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j
8/// Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho hc fjta{jo}h mh cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g j njteglaüo rgtg
cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g ho hc ohlh|gtaj fjta{jo}h mh cg |jcamgtamgm/ Cg hvrhtaholag mh
Exomx`j ]vj`jg
>/// Ljolcx|ajoh|
1/// Fa|}jtag mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ho H|rg÷g; cg hvrhtaholag mhc Rxhdcj Ia}goj
Oxtag \httgoj# Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj
7/// Hcheho}j| fa|}ütalj| q mh ljo}hv}j; cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|
4/// Cg |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|
</// Amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc=/// Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho cj| lho}tj|
hmxlg}a~j|/ Hc lg|j ia}goj
8/// Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc
>/// Cåohg| mh gllaüo# h|}tg}hiag| dç|alg|
9/// Cg| hvrhtaholag| ho hc }tgdgkj |jdth ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc
9/7/// Hc gllh|j g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|
9/4/// Cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ta}ej|# tx}aog| q ojteg| h|ljcgth|
9/</// Cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj
9/=/// Cj| cjitj| h|ljcgth|
9/8/// Thcglaüo mh cg ngeacag ljo cg h|lxhcg
72/// Hvlhcholag glgmáealg ho xo dgttaj fxeacmh q ljo gc}g rth|holag mh aoeaitgo}h|;
Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht# mh Egmtam
Hwxarj mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht
7/// Cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhc gcxeogmj; eç| gccç mh cg oglajogcamgm
4/// Lgtgl}htå|}alg| q jtigoa{glaüo mhc Lho}tj
4/7/// Hc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g
4/4/// Cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg
4/</// Hc Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag| &LGN!</// G|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|
=/// Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht
8/// Ljolcx|ajoh|
7>4
7><7>8
7>8
7>1
792
794
794
79=
79=
796
791
764
76<
76=
76876>
766
761
71<
71<
71<
71<
718
71>
716
422
42<
428
429
47=
479
471
471
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 11/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/6/ / / / / / / / /
GRTHO
A
77/// Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g/
Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc
Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch|# \joag Jt}hig q Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh}
7/// Ao}tjmxllaüo4/// Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g
</// Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc
</7/// Jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo/ Wxá |h h~gcûg
</4/// Naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg
</</// Gxmaholag| j ljchl}a~j| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo
</=/// Nxho}h| h ao|}txeho}j| mh aonjteglaüo
</8/// Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo
</>/// Goçca|a| q |åo}h|a| mh cg aonjteglaüo
</9/// Manx|aüo mh cg aonjteglaüo
74/// Hråcjij
444
44<44<
44>
4<4
4<<
4<=
4<>
4<6
4<6
4<6
4=2
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 12/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 1/ / / / / / / / /
MAHOMJG \HT
XGCH\/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 13/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/72/ / / / / / / / /
RTH\HO]GLAÜO
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 14/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 77/ / / / / / / / /
Qg ho 711<# wxhmgdg rhtnhl}geho}h lcgtj ho }jmg Hxtjrg &q# rjt }go}j# }gedaáo ho H|rg÷g!# wxh cg
hmxlglaüo %wxh rjt ho}jolh| thladåg hc lgcanalg}a~j mh –exc}alxc}xtgc―% oj rjmåg mataiat|h
hvlcx|a~geho}h g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| q wxh }hoåg wxh mataiat|h g }jmg cg
rjdcglaüo# mh ejmj wxh h|}g grthomahtg# mh|mh cg aongolag# g |ht aixgch|# g ljerjt}gt|h ljejaixgch|# g thljojlht|h ljej aixgch|/ \ao hedgtij hc hxtjlho}ta|ej q cj| |aicj| mh ljcjoagca|ej “q
jrth|aüo# aokx|}alag# mh|aixgcmgm q hvlcx|aüo% oj fglho# rthla|geho}h# nçlac mh ljo|hixat hc jdkh}a~j
mh cg aixgcmgm thgc ho Hxtjrg/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo hxtjrhg# mh|mh hc mh|gttjccj mhc fhchoa|ej q |x|
thcglajoh| &grthoma{gkh|# rtá|}gej| lxc}xtgch|# fadtamglajoh|# eh|}a{gkh|…! ljo hc H|}h “G|ag% q hc
\xt “Çntalg%# q exlfj eç|# mh|mh cg cchigmg mh –aoeaitgo}h|― g Hxtjrg wxh# ho ljo}tg mh cj wxh
|xhch lthht|h h| exq go}aixg rthla|geho}h rjt cj| |aicj| mh thcglajoh| ljcjoagch| ljo hc th|}j mhc
exomj# fg thwxhtamj rhtegoho}heho}h xog hmxlglaüo –ao}htlxc}xtgc―/ \ao hedgtij# q h|}j th|xc}g
jd~aj# h|}j oj fg |amj |aherth g|å &IXOMGTG# 711<!/
–Xo hcheho}j ltå}alj ho cg rxh|}g ho egtlfg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc h| hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg|mh|}th{g| mh cj| rtjraj| rtjnh|jth|/ \h rxhmh gljeh}ht cg njteglaüo aoalagc mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho
h|}thlfg ljjrhtglaüo ljo h|lxhcg| wxh rj|hho rcgo}hgeaho}j| hnalglh| ho h|}j| }heg|/ ]gedaáo
h| ohlh|gtag xog njteglaüo rhtegoho}h gc th|rhl}j mxtgo}h cg ~amg rtjnh|ajogc mh cj| rtjnh|jth|/
Cg| h|lxhcg| mhdhtågo igtgo}a{gt wxh }jmj| cj| rtjnh|jth| gmwxatah|ho }gch| ljerh}holag| ho
eg}htag rhmgiüialg q lxttalxcgt/ Hc rtjdcheg rgtg cg| h|lxhcg|# ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# h| wxh exlfj|
ijdahtoj| oj ljergt}ho h|}g rht|rhl}a~g/
&…! Cg| h|lxhcg| ho}th lxqg| naogcamgmh| oj |h ljo}hercgo cg| ohlh|amgmh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| mh
gedj| itxrj| mh oa÷j|# hc egqjta}gtaj q hc eaojta}gtaj# rxhmho gqxmgt ljo |x ljtth|rjomaho}h
rtçl}alg gc ego}hoaeaho}j mhc tgla|ej q hc nxomgeho}gca|ej ho cg h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm/ Mh fhlfj#
rxhmh wxh rgt}h mh cg hvrcalglaüo mhc aoltheho}j mhc nxomgeho}gca|ej ho |jlahmgmh| ejmhtog| q#
mh ngl}j# cgalg|# tgmawxh ho wxh }gch| H|}gmj| oj fgo cjitgmj rtjrjtlajogt xo egtlj nateh q |hixtj
rgtg cg| ljexoamgmh| mh ma~ht|j| lthmj|/ Ljej ljo|hlxholag# cg hmxlglaüo thcaiaj|g q mh cj|
~gcjth| ehthlh xo thrcgo}hgeaho}j ho cg| h|lxhcg|# ho h|rhlagc ho cg ehmamg ho wxh h|}g| rxhmgo
gqxmgt ho hc rtjlh|j mh mh|gttjccj mh xo |a|}heg mh ~gcjth| ljeûo q ljergt}amj rjt gcxeoj| mh
dgl`itjxom| ma~ht|j|/
&…! Xog lgtgl}htå|}alg dç|alg mhdhtåg |ht cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg thgc q hnhl}a~g mh cg aixgcmgm mh
jrjt}xoamgmh| q mh th|xc}gmj| ho cg hmxlglaüo rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j|/ &…! Ljo h|}h rgojtgegihohtgc# ºwxá ehmamg| rxhmho gmjr}gt cj| wxh ma|h÷go rjcå}alg| g cj| oa~hch| ljexoa}gtaj# cjlgc#
thiajogc q oglajogc rgtg ea}aigt cg mh|~ho}gkg hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc wxh |xnth itgo rgt}h mh cg |hixomg
ihohtglaüo: Xo rxo}j mh rgt}amg th|amh ho wxh cg mh|~ho}gkg hmxlg}a~g# ljej wxahtg wxh |h cg
mhnaog# }ahoh wxh |a}xgt|h ho hc ljo}hv}j |jlagc }j}gc/ Cg hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg gqxmgt g rthrgtgt g
}jmj| cj| oa÷j| rgtg xog ~amg rgt}alarg}a~g ljerch}g ho xog |jlahmgm lxc}xtgceho}h ma~ht|g/ H|}j
aercalg wxh cj| ijdahtoj| oglajogch| ohlh|a}go |ht# aolcx|j# eç| hvrcåla}j| glhtlg mh |x
glhr}glaüo mh cj| lgedaj| rjdcglajogch| wxh fgo }hoamj cxigt ho cg| ûc}aeg| málgmg|/ Cg
hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg hkhtlht xo tjc mh camhtg{ij ho cg cxlfg ljo}tg hc tgla|ej/ H|}j aercalg wxh cg
gl}xgc chia|cglaüo go}ama|ltaeaoglaüo mhdh |ht eç| hnalg{# g nao mh wxh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|
}hoigo ljonago{g ho |x lgrglamgm rgtg rtj}hihtch|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 15/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/74/ / / / / / / / /
&…! Gmheç|# h| h|holagc wxh cg hmxlglaüo ho cj| rgå|h| hxtjrhj| grjt}h g }jmj| cj| oa÷j| cg|
mh|}th{g| h aonjteglaüo ohlh|gtag| rgtg ljedg}at hc tgla|ej gdaht}j q holxdaht}j/ Cj| |a|}heg|
hmxlg}a~j| rxhmho igtgo}a{gt wxh hc thomaeaho}j mh cj| oa÷j| mh itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|# aolcxqhomj
cj| mh cg |hixomg ihohtglaüo# mhdh |ht hc ea|ej wxh hc mh |x| aixgch|/
&…! Cg hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg lgrgla}gt g lgmg oa÷j }go}j rgtg wxh gclgolh hc mjeaoaj ihohtgc mh cg
choixg oglajogc# ljej rgtg |x ljerch}g njteglaüo ho hc x|j mh |x choixg eg}htog# lg|j mh |ht
manhtho}h/ Rjoht ho rtçl}alg h|}j |aioanalgtåg wxh fgdtåg wxh aolcxat hc grthoma{gkh mh cg choixg
eg}htog ho cg hmxlglaüo ihohtgc q rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg aercgo}gtcg
ljo áva}j/ Hccj thwxahth xog| gmhlxgmg| ma|}tadxlajoh| rth|xrxh|}gtag|# g|å ljej xog| h|}txl}xtg|
h|ljcgth| grtjragmg|# rgtg g|hixtgt aixgceho}h xog grtjragmg jnht}g hmxlg}a~g/
&…! Xog lxh|}aüo lho}tgc mh }jmg| cg| h|lxhcg| mh Hxtjrg h| hc lxttalxcxe/ Xo lxttalxcxe
hxtjláo}talj wxh oj |h dg|h ho cg| ma~ht|g| nxho}h| mh ljojlaeaho}j gchkg g }jmj| cj| oa÷j| mhgmhlxgmg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh/ Aolcx|j ho çthg| grgtho}heho}h ejojlxc}xtgch|# cg
aerjt}golag mh xo lxttalxcxe ao}htlxc}xtgc h| hojteh |a cj| oa÷j| fgo mh mh|gttjccgt mh|}th{g|
ltå}alg| ho thcglaüo g cg| lthholag| q ljerjt}geaho}j| vhoünjdj|/ Ho|h÷gt xo lxttalxcxe
ao}htlxc}xtgc q g|hixtgt wxh cg hmxlglaüo ho cg| h|lxhcg| |hg hnalg{ rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j| thwxahth mh
lgedaj| ho cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj }go}j aoalagc ljej rhtegoho}h/ Xog gmhlxgmg njteglaüo
mhc rtjnh|jtgmj gqxmgtåg g igtgo}a{gt wxh }jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h| h|}ço |ahomj rthrgtgmj| rgtg xog
Hxtjrg ûoalg rhtj ma~ht|g ho hc |aicj ~hao}axoj―7/
H|}h goçca|a| q h|}g| rtjrxh|}g|# wxh mg}go mh 711<# oj |h fgo cch~gmj g cg rtçl}alg q daho rjmtåg
mhlat|h wxh# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# |ahomj xog ohlh|amgm }jmg~åg eç| aerhtaj|g wxh go}g÷j# cj| g~golh|
ao|}a}xlajogch| q rjcå}alj| fgo |amj eç| daho caea}gmj| q lcgtgeho}h ao|xnalaho}h| q# rjt ljo|aixaho}h#
cg| |jlahmgmh| fgo h~jcxlajogmj gc gcdxt mh cj| ~ga~hoh| rjcå}alj|# mh cj| ao}hth|h| mh mh}hteaogmj|
itxrj| q mh xog aiojtgolag wxh |h thnxiag ho ihohtgca{glajoh|# h|}hthj}arj| q rthkxalaj|/
Hc rtjdcheg h| wxh# mh h|}h ejmj# cg thrtjmxllaüo mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| g|å ljej mh cg aiojtgolag h|
exq manålac mh h~a}gt/ Q ljo h|}g mjdch thrtjmxllaüo h|}gej| gdjogomj hc }htthoj mh cj |jlagc rgtg wxh
|xtkgo q |h hv}ahomgo# xog ~h{ eç|# cj| ngo}g|eg| mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag# cj| ngo}g|eg| mh cj|
oglajogca|ej| hvlcxqho}h|# cg ohiglaüo# hvrcåla}g j mh ngl}j# mh cg xoa~ht|gcamgm ho thcglaüo ljo cg
maioamgm q cg aixgcmgm mh }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj|# ljo cg rátmamg ljo|aixaho}h mh mhthlfj| q ljo cggoxcglaüo mh cg| mh rjt |å h|lg|g| igtgo}åg| q |a|}heg| mh rtj}hllaüo mh cg| rht|jog| q itxrj| eç|
mh|ng~jthlamj|# gwxhccj| g cj| wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm mhkg eç| mh|rtj}hiamj|/
Lxgcwxaht |hithiglaüo# hvlcx|aüo j |hieho}glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo ho cg rj|adacamgm mh ~a~at xog ~amg
maiog# ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| ljo cg| mheç| rht|jog|# |jo ho |å ea|eg| gl}j| mh ~ajcholag
wxh rxhmho ihohtgt xog ~ajcholag thgl}a~g wxh aeramgo hc nx}xtj mh }jmj| q }jmg|/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj#
cg lthlaho}h ~a|adacamgm mh xog ma~ht|amgm wxh |aherth fg hva|}amj oj| hercg{g g mh|gttjccgt# rjt
7
Ixomgtg# K/\/ &711<!/ Ma~ht|amgm |jlagc# hmxlglaüo h ao}hitglaüo hxtjrhg/ Ho Th~a|}g mhHmxlglaüo# o» <24# Ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej; |jlahmgm q hmxlglaüo/ \hlth}gtåg mh H|}gmj mh Hmxlglaüo#
Eaoa|}htaj mh Hmxlglaüo q Laholag/ Rçi|/ 4>%<7/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 16/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7</ / / / / / / / /
}jmj| cj| ehmaj| rj|adch|# cg| h|}tg}hiag| q cg| lgrglamgmh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg wxh rjmgej|
thljojlhtoj| ho cj| j}tj|# aolcx|j ho cj| h|}gdchlamj| ljej –manhtho}h|― q# mh h|h ejmj#
rjmgej| ljo|}txat xo rtjqhl}j mh thcglajoh| rht|jogch| q mh |jlahmgm ljeûo h aolcxqho}h# xo
rtjqhl}j thgceho}h ljergt}amj ho hc wxh }jmj| q }jmg| fhej| mh }hoht lgdamg q wxh oj| igtgo}alhcg rj|adacamgm mh ~a~at xog ~amg fxegog maiog# |ao ma|}aolaüo oa hvlhrlaüo gcixog/ G hccj wxahth
ljo}tadxat h|}h }tgdgkj q cg cgdjt magtag mh cg| rht|jog| wxh }tgdgkgej| ho LhaEaitg q ho }go}g|
j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh|# jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch| q g|jlaglajoh|/ Ljo hccg| grthomhej| g ljo|}txat#
ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|# h|h nx}xtj maioj rgtg }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj| |ao hvlhrlaüo/
Rgtg hccj# h|}h egoxgc |h ma~amh ho jolh lgrå}xcj|/ Ho hc rtaehtj# ao}ho}gej| ma|}aoixat cg|
|a}xglajoh|# j gxo cg| manalxc}gmh|# wxh oj }ahoho wxh ~ht ljo cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# |aoj ljo cg|
mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|/ H|}h rtaeht rg|j h| ohlh|gtaj rgtg oj –lxc}xtgca{gt― cg| |a}xglajoh| q
cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh# ho thgcamgm# }ahoho wxh ~ht ljo cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc# hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg
mh|aixgcmgm ho}th fjedth| q exkhth|# j cg ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g/
Mh|mh gwxå# ho hc |hixomj lgrå}xcj# rjmågej| gdjtmgt mathl}geho}h cg lxh|}aüo mhc rcxtgca|ej# hc
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho cg hmxlglaüo/ Ljej ~hthej| g cj cgtij mh }jmj| cj| lgrå}xcj|# cg
eû|alg mh njomj }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg aolcx|aüo thgc ho cg h|lxhcg “q ho j}tj| çeda}j| mh grthoma{gkh q
thcglaüo oj njtegch| oa thicgmj|% q cg lgrglamgm aolcx|a~g mh cg| rht|jog| h ao|}a}xlajoh|/ Ljej ~hthej|#
h|}j fglh eç| |holaccg cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# wxa}çomjch xo laht}j fgcj mh ea|}htaj go}tjrjcüialj#
rhtj mh~xhc~h cg rthixo}g rjt cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g cg| lgrglamgmh| q g cg|
jrlajoh| mh cg| rht|jog| q cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| aercalgmg|/
Ho hc }htlht lgrå}xcj# oj| rcgo}hgej| cg lxh|}aüo mh |a cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxhmg mhnaoamg
rjt cj| mh|}aog}gtaj|# dç|algeho}h –cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rtjlhmho}h| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|―# ho
lxqj lg|j cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc rjmtåg oj |ht ohlh|gtag ho gwxhccj| ljchiaj| ho cj| wxh oj
fxdahtg xog hch~gmg rth|holag mh –gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h―0 j |a# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# wxhmg mhnaoamg
rjt cj| ljo}hoamj|# dç|algeho}h thcglajogmj| ljo cg xoa~ht|gcamgm mh }jmj| cj| mhthlfj|
fxegoj|# ho lxqj lg|j q ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mh cj| mh|}aog}gtaj|# mhdhtåg
h|}gdchlht|h ljej xog ohlh|amgm xtiho}h ho }jmg| cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| hmxlg}a~g| q lxqg
grcalglaüo q mh|gttjccj mhdhtåg ljertjdgt|h g }tg~á| mh cj| lgxlh| q ljo cj| ehmaj| wxh nxhtgo
ohlh|gtaj| rgtg |x }tgo|ea|aüo hnalg{/
G ljo}aoxglaüo# ho hc lgrå}xcj lxg}tj# gdjtmgej| cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag|
aoeaitgmg| q hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho hc gxcg/ Q h|}g| lxh|}ajoh| |h gdjtmgo mh|mh
xog }tarch maeho|aüo# wxh |xrjoh j}tg| }go}g| }gthg|; cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm mh|mh cg|
thcglajoh| wxh |h h|}gdchlho ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|0 hc lgedaj mh rht|rhl}a~g# mh|mh cg }hjtåg mhc mánala} g
cg }hjtåg mhc áva}j0 q cg rht|rhl}a~g mhc iáohtj# ljej ljomalaüo rgtg fgdcgt mh cg rj|adacamgm mh xog
aixgcmgm thgc/ Q }jmj hccj fg mh rcgo}hgt|h mh|mh xo ea|ej hkh wxh ~g mh|mh xo }arj mh ao}hitglaüo#
rg|gomj rjt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# fglag xog aolcx|aüo thgc mh }jmj| q }jmg|/
\ao hedgtij# hc rgrhc q cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh cg h|lxhcg |jo rj}holagmj| j aolcx|j goxcgmj| ho
nxolaüo mhc rgrhc q cg th|rjo|gdacamgm wxh g|xeh j h| lgrg{ mh mh|herh÷gt cg ngeacag/ Manålaceho}hcj| mjlho}h| cjitgtço njtegt gmhlxgmgeho}h g cg| rht|jog| g |x lgtij# oa –ao}htlxc}xtgceho}h― oa
ho oaoiûo j}tj |ho}amj# |a cg| ngeacag| oj rxhmho j oj wxahtho gljerg÷gt malfj| rtjlh|j|/ Cg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 17/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=/ / / / / / / / /
ngeacag# lxqg aerjt}golag ho cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| manålaceho}h rxhmh hvgihtgt|h
gxowxh fg mh |ht eg}a{gmg# h| cg dg|h nxomgeho}gc wxh nglaca}g j manalxc}g hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh
lgmg rht|jog q# mh|mh gfå# fglh j oj rj|adch cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Rhtj fgtågej| egc
fglahomj thlght }jmg cg th|rjo|gdacamgm ho cg| ngeacag|# qg |hgo h|}g| gx}ül}jog| j aoeaitgmg|# jho cg h|lxhcg# rxh| cg ljerchkamgm mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo# glxc}xtglaüo q ljo|}txllaüo mh
cg| amho}amgmh| rht|jogch| q mh itxrj h| }gc wxh lxgcwxaht th|rjo|gdaca{glaüo oj eg}a{gmg# j
aoljo|laho}h mh cg ljerchkamgm mh cg thgcamgm# rxhmh }hteaogt |ahomj aokx|}g q |x thgca{glaüo#
aerj|adch/ H|}j h| cj wxh }tg}gej| mh hvrcalgt ho hc lgrå}xcj wxao}j/
Hc |hv}j lgrå}xcj gdjtmg hc rgrhc mh cj| q cg| mjlho}h| q# rjt hv}ho|aüo# mh }jmg rht|jog
ao~jcxltgmg ho cj| rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh ao}htlxc}xtgc/ ºLxçch| |jo cg| gl}a}xmh| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj
mh cj| ma|}ao}j| oa~hch| th|rhl}j mh cg rth|holag mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho hc gxcg q# rjt }go}j#
th|rhl}j mhc gcxeogmj wxh cg thrth|ho}g; aoeaitgo}h| q ia}goj|: ºLxçc h| cg njteglaüo wxh }ahoho
h|}j| mjlho}h| q wxh njteglaüo }homtågo wxh }hoht rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg| ljerh}holag| qlgrglamgmh| wxh ohlh|a}go grcalgt ho ljo}hv}j| mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc: Q mh|mh gfå |h rcgo}hgo
cj| th}j| q gc}htog}a~g| rgtg ehkjtgt cg jtigoa{glaüo mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# cj| eg}htagch|
x}aca{gmj| q hc rtjraj rgrhc mh cj| q cg| mjlho}h| ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j/
Cchigmj| g h|}h rxo}j# ljo|amhtgej| ohlh|gtaj gdjtmgt# ho hc lgrå}xcj |ah}h# cg |a}xglaüo mhc
|a|}heg rûdcalj mh hmxlglaüo# rjt |ht rtjdgdcheho}h hc racgt nxomgeho}gc# gxowxh oj ûoalj# mh cg
xoa~ht|gcamgm mh cg hmxlglaüo/ Rhtj oj |ücj }homtç wxh th~a|gt|h |x mh|gttjccj gl}xgc# mh|mh hc
rxo}j mh ~a|}g }go}j mh cg jtigoa{glaüo h|ljcgt# ljej mh|mh cg njteglaüo q cg| lgrglamgmh| mh cj|
q cg| mjlho}h|# |aoj }gedaáo mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cg gmhlxglaüo mh cj| thlxt|j| ma|rjoadch|
th|rhl}j mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| hva|}ho}h| q# rjt }go}j# th|rhl}j mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog|#
}go}j gx}ül}jog|# ljej oglajogca{gmg|# ljej hv}tgokhtg|# q th|rhl}j mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg
ea|eg |jlahmgm# h| mhlat# th|rhl}j mh gwxhccj| rtjlh|j| wxh |jo ohlh|gtaj| rgtg mh|gttjccgt q
gclgo{gt xog ljo~a~holag ljej cg wxh ~g g rcgo}hgt|h ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
\ao hedgtij# h|}g ljo~a~holag q |x grthoma{gkh q }tgo|ea|aüo oj rxhmho caea}gt|h g cj| ljo}hoamj|
oa g cj| h|rglaj| mh cg hmxlglaüo njtegc q thicgmg/ Rxh|}j wxh mh cj wxh |h }tg}g h| mh ng~jthlht cg
ljo~a~holag rglånalg# mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# hc th|rh}j# hc gx}j%thljojlaeaho}j ho hc j}tj…
cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh mataiat|h# ohlh|gtageho}h# g }jmg cg |jlahmgm q oj |ücj g cg
rjdcglaüo ho hmgm h|ljcgt/ Rjt hccj# rth|ho}gej|# ho hc lgrå}xcj jl}g~j# xog mh cg| exlfg|hvrhtaholag| qg hva|}ho}h| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g }tg~á| mh h|rglaj| mh holxho}tj q thcglaüo
oj njtegch|# mataiamj| rtaolargceho}h g rht|jog| gmxc}g|# gxowxh oj |ücj g hccg|/ H|}g hvrhtaholag
|h dg|g ho cg gl}xglaüo mhc Lho}tj \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtåg# mh Dacdgj/
Cg |hixomg mh cg| hvrhtaholag| wxh rth|ho}gej|# ho hc lgrå}xcj oxh~h# wxh mhdh |ht }hoamg exq
ho lxho}g# |h dg|g ho hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg rtçl}alg glxexcgmg rjt rht|jog| h ao|}a}xlajoh|
ao~jcxltgmg| ho cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc thcglajogmg ljo hc Rxhdcj Ia}goj/ Oj |aherth |h
thlxhtmg wxh# exlfj go}h| mh cg cchigmg mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg|# oj rjlg| rht|jog| h
ao|}a}xlajoh| cch~gdgo málgmg| rjoahomj ho rtçl}alg h|g hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh# h|j |å# fg
gmwxatamj xog ~a|adacamgm q xog oj}jtahmgm |jlagc q rjcå}alg wxh go}h| oj |h ch fgdåg ljolhmamj/ Q#rthla|geho}h rjt hccj# mhdhtågej| rjmht grthomht mh h|g| hvrhtaholag|# mh cj| ljojlaeaho}j|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 18/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 78/ / / / / / / / /
glxexcgmj| q mh cg tawxh{g q cg |gdamxtåg mh }go}g| rht|jog|# hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg|# wxh
mxtgo}h }go}j| g÷j| fgo rxh|}j ho rtçl}alg cj wxh gfjtg rgthlh xo mh|lxdtaeaho}j q xog oj~hmgm/
Ho hc lgrå}xcj mah{# ho cg }htlhtg q ûc}aeg mh cg| hvrhtaholag| wxh thljihej| gwxå# mh|ltadaej| xogdxhog rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g# wxh mh|gttjccg xo lho}tj rta~gmj%ljolht}gmj ho xo dgttaj fxeacmh# mh
lcg|h }tgdgkgmjtg# ljo xo gc}j rjtlho}gkh mh rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# ljo rjdcglaüo ia}gog#
ljo xog rj|alaüo |jlajhljoüealg ehmag%dgkg# q ljo gcixog| ngeacag| –exc}artjdcheç}alg|―/ Ljo
h|}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg|# hc ntglg|j h|ljcgt mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| mhc dgttaj mhdhtåg |ht eç| wxh
h~amho}h/ Q# |ao hedgtij# cg rtjrjtlaüo mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| wxh }hteaogo ljo áva}j |x| h|}xmaj|
h| |xrhtajt g cg ehmag mh cj| wxh cj fglho ho }jmj| cj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam/
Naogceho}h# ho hc lgrå}xcj jolh# gdjtmgej| cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh
cg ho|h÷go{g/ Rthla|geho}h rjt hc gxeho}j mh cg ~a|adacamgm mh cg ma~ht|amgm |jlagc q lxc}xtgc# ho
h|}h ejeho}j# xog ho|h÷go{g wxh oj mh|gttjcch cg lgrglamgm mh thcglaüo q ljo~a~holag eç| gccçmh cg rtjrag rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc q thcaiaj|g &j atthcaiaj|g! h|}gtç fglahomj xo ncglj ng~jt g cg
|jlahmgm gl}xgc q g cg |jlahmgm nx}xtg/ Q# rjt cg aerjt}golag gl}xgc q h|}tg}áialg wxh }ahoh cg
hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg| q cg| rht|jog| gx}ül}jog| q
rgtg cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc# malfg hmxlglaüo fg mh ljo}gt ljo |a|}heg| mh h~gcxglaüo mh lgcamgm wxh
igtgo}alho |x hnalglag# cg hnalaholag mh cj| thlxt|j| x}aca{gmj| q cg rj|adacamgm mh ljtthiat q |xrhtgt
cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh rxhmgo at |xtiahomj/
\gdhej| wxh cj wxh rth|ho}gej| oj h| hc naogc mh xo lgeaoj# |aoj hc ljeaho{j mh xo }tgdgkj wxh
|h dg|g ho hc ljertjea|j rht|jogc h ao|}a}xlajogc0 ho cg| gl}a}xmh| mh grht}xtg# th|rh}j q
thljojlaeaho}j mhc j}tj0 ho cg| ehkjtg| thgch| ho cg aixgcmgm mh }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj|# ljo
aomhrhomholag mh |x| lgtgl}htå|}alg| rht|jogch| j |jlagch| q mh |x |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g0 q ho cg
thnchvaüo q hc }tgdgkj mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg|/ \a j}tj exomj fg mh |ht rj|adch# fgdthej|
mh ljo|}txatcj ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 19/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>/ / / / / / / / /
ºMA^HT\AMGMLXC]XTGC J
MH\AIXGCMGMH\OJ TH\XHC]G\:
Cxa| Måh# Cxa|g Ehchtj# Kj|hr Dxgmh|4
LGRÅ]XCJ
7
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 20/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 79/ / / / / / / / /
Rgtg gmho}tgtoj| ho cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh h~a}gt|h hc rhcaitj mh –lxc}xtgca{gt― cg|
manhtholag| j cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh rxhmgo |xtiat ho cg| gxcg| j ho cg| thcglajoh| ho}th mjlho}h| q
gcxeoj| j gcxeog| q ho}th hc gcxeogmj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ H|}g lxc}xtgca{glaüo g|xeh cg
manhtholag j cg manalxc}gm ljej th|xc}gmj mathl}j mh xog ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g|jlagmg ho hvlcx|a~g#gltå}alg h atthnchva~geho}h# g cg rth|holag mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|/ Cg
ljo|hlxholag h| lcgtg; |a hc rtjdcheg h| cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q cg lgx|g h| cg rth|holag mh cj|
oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# ho}jolh| cg |jcxlaüo h|… Q g rgt}at mh gwxå rxhmh th|xc}gt
manålac oj lght ho hc ma|rgtg}h j cg aokx|}alag/
Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# gc aoalagt hc }tgdgkj wxh |xrjoh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# fgo mh }hoht|h ho
lxho}g cg| manhtholag| q mh|aixgcmgmh| wxh oj }ahoho wxh ~ht }go}j ljo cg lxc}xtg# ljej ljo j}tg|
ma~ht|amgmh| oj }hoamg| ho lxho}g rth~ageho}h q ljo mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|/ Cg aoeaitglaüo
oj fg ihohtgmj h|g| mh|aixgcmgmh|# rhtj |å rjoh ho h~amholag# ljo nthlxholag# wxh oj fgdågo |amj
th|xhc}g|/
Gmheç|# rxhmho |xtiat manalxc}gmh| g|jlagmg| gc ehtj gxeho}j mh rjdcglaüo ho xo ljo}hv}j
ao|}a}xlajogc ho hc wxh oj gxeho}go rtjrjtlajogceho}h cj| thlxt|j|/ Rhtj h|}g| manalxc}gmh| }ahoho
wxh ~ht ljo hc oûehtj mh rht|jog| wxh mhdho |ht aixgceho}h g}homamg|# qg ~hoigo á|}g| mh
mho}tj j nxhtg mh H|rg÷g# q ljo cg aogmhlxglaüo mh cg g|aioglaüo rth|xrxh|}gtag ljtth|rjomaho}h
wxh# mh oxh~j# oj }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg aoeaitglaüo# |aoj ljo cg| rtajtamgmh| mhc ijdahtoj &cjlgc#
gx}joüealj# oglajogc j hxtjrhj! mh wxh |h }tg}h/ Cg lxh|}aüo h|# ho h|}h |ho}amj# wxh h| eç| nçlac
dx|lgt xo lxcrgdch hv}htoj wxh g|xeat cg th|rjo|gdacamgm j cg |xeg mh th|rjo|gdacamgmh| ho}th cj|
rtjraj|/ Ljo aomhrhomholag mh wxh h|j ho}xtdah j aolcx|j aeramg cg ojtegcamgm mh cg| thcglajoh|
fxegog| q |jlagch| q fg|}g cg ea|eg ljo~a~holag/
Naogceho}h# h| nçlac holjo}tgt xog manalxc}gm g÷gmamg# wxh |h dg|g ho cg gnateglaüo mh wxh –|a oj fgq
dg|}go}h| thlxt|j|# ho}jolh|# rtaehtj rgtg cj| oxh|}tj|―/ Hc rtjdcheg gwxå h| ljomalajogt cg
aixgcmgm mh mhthlfj| q mh }tg}j g cg hva|}holag mh xoj| thlxt|j| wxh mhrhomho mh xog g|aioglaüo
rth|xrxh|}gtag wxh oj }ahoh ho lxho}g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog|/ J# mh j}tj ejmj# cj wxh
fgdtåg wxh rcgo}hgt h| rjt wxá oj fgq thlxt|j| |xnalaho}h|# lüej ljo|hixatcj| q tha~aomalgt wxh cg
g|aioglaüo igtgo}alh cg aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g q thexh~g cj| jd|}çlxcj| rgtg |x rchoj hkhtlalaj q
mh|gttjccj/
\ücj mh|rxá| }homtç |ho}amj rcgo}hgt cg| manhtholag| lxc}xtgch|/ Q h|}g| manhtholag| rxhmho |ht xog
jrjt}xoamgm mh holxho}tj q maçcjij# mh grthoma{gkh q thnchvaüo# g rgt}at mhc ex}xj thljojlaeaho}j#
ho}th rht|jog| mh ma|}ao}g| lxc}xtg| q jtåihoh|/ H|}h h| xo holxho}tj mh|mh cg ljercheho}gtahmgm
ho cg ma~ht|amgm0 mh|mh hc mhthlfj g |ht manhtho}h|0 mh|mh hc lxh|}ajogeaho}j mh cj rtjraj q hc
ljojlaeaho}j mh cj ma|}ao}j0 mh|mh cg fxeacmgm q hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cj aoljerch}j mh lgmg xoj0 q
mh|mh cg glhr}glaüo mh cj wxh fgq mh ~htmgm# djomgm# kx|}alag q lgcamgm fxegog }go}j ho cj gkhoj
ljej ho cj rtjraj/ –H| xo holxho}tj }go jtaiaogc wxh hc eh|}a{gkh h| go}htajt g }jmj kxalaj q
ljomalajog }go}j cj| ljojlaeaho}j| ljej cj| |ho}aeaho}j|/ Th|rh}g cg ao}hitamgm mh lgmg xog mh
4
Mhrgt}geho}j mh H|}xmaj| mh cg Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/ Cj| ljtthj| th|rhl}a~j| |jo; cxa|/mahBlha%eaitg/oh}0 cxa|g/ehchtjBlhaeaitg/oh}0 kj|hr/dxgmh|Blhaeaitg/oh}/ Cxa| Måh h|# gmheç|# rtjnh|jt
mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh ^gcholag –\go ^alho}h Eçt}at―/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 21/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/76/ / / / / / / / /
cg| rgt}h|# rhtj ch| ljertjeh}h ho xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo# wxh |h ohijlag q |h gkx|}g
aolh|go}heho}h/ Gc ljo}tgtaj wxh ho cg g|aeacglaüo q hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# ho cj| wxh cg gllaüo thlgh
nxomgeho}gceho}h |jdth cg eaojtåg# ho h|}h rcgo}hgeaho}j wxhmgo aercalgmg| gedg| rgt}h| q
jdcaig }go}j g cg |jlahmgm wxh thladh ljej g cj| itxrj| mh rht|jog| }hoamg| rjt manhtho}h|/ H|}hrcgo}hgeaho}j h| |aoüoaej mh ljo|}go}h ljexoalglaüo# mh ao}htgllaüo herç}alg q nxolajogc mh cj|
gl}jth| aercalgmj|/ \h }tg}g mh ljedaogtcj| mh egohtg wxh |h gxeho}h hc rj}holagc mh }jmj| cj|
|xkh}j| aercalgmj|/ \aioanalg h~a}gt hc ga|cgeaho}j q gxeho}gt cg ljjtmaoglaüo q hc hotawxhlaeaho}j
ex}xj ho}th cj| ma|}ao}j| gl}jth|― &Igtlåg%Tjlg# ho Ljoacc# 4224!/
\h }tg}g# ho mhnaoa}a~g# mh xog ao~a}glaüo g mh|lxdtat cg xoamgm mhc iáohtj fxegoj; }jmj| |jej| rht|jog|#
}hohej| cg| ea|eg| ohlh|amgmh|# oj| goix|}ago cg| ea|eg| |a}xglajoh| q ljergt}aej| cj| ea|ej|
|xh÷j| &Ch~jq q ^htdtxiho# 4228!/ H|# rjt }go}j# xog jrjt}xoamgm rgtg mh|lxdtat gwxhccj wxh oj| xoh
ljej rht|jog| q rgtg |hixat ljo|}txqhomj kxo}j| xog |jlahmgm ljeûo h aolcxqho}h/
7%% Ohlh|amgm mh mh|grthomht rgtg |hixat grthomahomj
Hc jdkh}a~j mh xo grthoma{gkh rtjith|a~j# glxexcg}a~j q qg ho}homamj ljej xog }gthg wxh mxtg }jmg
cg ~amg h| fjq aoma|lx}adch }go}j ho hc }htthoj rjcå}alj# ljej ho hc hmxlg}a~j q cgdjtgc# ljej ho cg|
rth~a|ajoh| q rtjqhl}j| rht|jogch| q ngeacagth|/ \ao hedgtij# |h fg jd~agmj# ljo mheg|agmg
nthlxholag# wxh lxgcwxaht grthoma{gkh# lxgcwxaht ljo}hoamj# lxgcwxaht njteg mh }tgo|ea|aüo#
lxgcwxaht ejmhcj j aolcx|j lxgcwxaht gl}a}xm rht|jogc }go}j mh cg| rht|jog| mjlho}h| ljej mh cg|
wxh fgo mh |ht njtegmg|# oj rj|adaca}g cj| ea|ej| rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh# oa cg ljo|}txllaüo mh
cj| ea|ej| h|wxheg| eho}gch|# oa cg| ea|eg| lgrglamgmh| mh rhtladat%~gcjtgt%th|rjomht g cg
thgcamgm# oa# ho mhnaoa}a~g# hc ea|ej mh|gttjccj rht|jogc q fxegoj/ Mh|mh gwxå# cg amhg mh cg
ohlh|amgm mh –mh|grthomht― fg amj }jegomj ljo|a|}holag fg|}g |x x}aca{glaüo ho ma~ht|j| çeda}j|
|jlagch| j lxc}xtgch| &Rgcglaj| Iac# 4228!/
Hc rtjdcheg ljeaho{g ho hc fhlfj mh wxh oaoiûo |ht fxegoj }ahoh cg lgrglamgm mh gdgtlgt }jmj|
q lgmg xoj mh cj| mg}j| mh thgcamgm/ ]jmj| cj| |hth| ~a~j| rhtladho |hchl}a~geho}h gwxhccj wxh
aerjt}g j aolcx|j wxh h| mh}hteaogo}h rgtg cg |xrht~a~holag mh lgmg aoma~amxj q mh cg h|rhlah/
Rhtj th|xc}g h~amho}h wxh oj }jmg cg thgcamgm }ahoh hc ea|ej itgmj mh thch~golag ~a}gc/ Xog itgorgt}h mh cg thgcamgm# rjt }go}j# rhtegohlhtç ao%|aioanalgo}h eaho}tg| mh hccg oj |jdth|gcig gciûo
hcheho}j wxh attxerg ho j}tj| çeda}j| wxh |å |hgo thch~go}h| j gmwxahtg hccg ea|eg h|g
thch~golag/
Ljo eç| tg{üo jlxtth cj ea|ej ho cg h|rhlah fxegog# mgmg cg aomh}hteaoglaüo dajcüialg mh
oxh|}tg h|rhlah< q cg grht}xtg tgmalgc g cg thgcamgm ljej }gc thgcamgm/ Rxhmh mhlat|h wxh cj| |hth|
fxegoj| }ahoho cg lgrglamgm og}xtgc mh rhtladat# ~gcjtgt q th|rjomht g cg thgcamgm# lgmg ~h{# mh
< \h ho}ahomh rjt aomh}hteaoglaüo dajcüialg hc fhlfj mh wxh# cj wxh |hg |ht rht|jog# ho
ihohtgc# q wxá rht|jog fg mh |ht lgmg |ht fxegoj oj ~ahoh mh}hteaogmj dajcüialgeho}h/ Cjdajcüialj fxegoj h| cg thgcamgm rhtegoho}h mh|mh cg lxgc |h ljo|}txqh –cj fxegoj― q# rjt
}go}j# cg thgcamgm rht|jogc# |jlagc h fa|}ütalg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 22/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 71/ / / / / / / / /
ejmj eç| rthla|j &eç| gmhlxgmj g cg rtjrag thgcamgm!# mh ejmj eç| rtjnxomj &ljo egqjt
ljojlaeaho}j mh lgmg thgcamgm! q mh ejmj eç| hv}ho|j &aolcxqhomj# lgmg ~h{# xog egqjt rjtlaüo
mh cg thgcamgm }jmg!/ \ao hedgtij# wxh |h }hoig h|g lgrglamgm oj |aioanalg wxh |h x}acalh# wxh |h
hkhtla}h q |h mh|gttjcch rxh|# ljej }jmg rj|adacamgm ho hc |ht fxegoj# |ücj rxhmh h|}gdchlht|h qmh|gttjccgt|h g }tg~á| mh xog jrlaüo# mh cg hchllaüo mathl}g j aomathl}g# h| mhlat# g }tg~á| mhc
hkhtlalaj ljo|laho}h mh cg cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm/ Cg thoxolag g }gc hkhtlalaj# j cg hchllaüo mh cg
aofadalaüo q hc |jeh}aeaho}j g cj| ~ga~hoh| mh cg ~amg q mh cg fa|}jtag q# h~amho}heho}h# cg hchllaüo
mh cg ngc|hmgm q hc httjt# cg hchllaüo mh cg| |hmxllajoh| q cg grgtaholag mhc rjmht q cg tawxh{g#
aerj|adaca}go# mh fhlfj# h|g lgrglamgm mh mh|gttjccj fxegoj/
Ho hc rtaeht lg|j# |h hcaih |ht |xkh}j| gl}a~j| mh cg ~amg q mh cg fa|}jtag/ Ho hc |hixomj lg|j# |h hcaih#
gxowxh oj |h fgqg fhlfj hvrcåla}geho}h g|å# |ht |xkh}j| rg|a~j| go}h cj wxh oj| |xlhmh q go}h cj wxh
gljo}hlh go}h oj|j}tj|# go}h xog mh}hteaogmg njteg mh hkhtlht hc rjmht j mh ljo}tjcgt cg aonjteglaüo#
rjt hkhercj/ J# aolcx|j# |h hcaih ljo|laho}heho}h |ht rgt}h mh cg lgx|g mh cj| rtjdcheg| gl}xgch| qnx}xtj| mh cg |jlahmgm q mh cg fa|}jtag/ Rhtj# ho xoj x j}tj lg|j# |h h| aixgceho}h th|rjo|gdch# lgmg
rht|jog ho |x çeda}j mh gl}xglaüo q mh glxhtmj ljo |x| lgrglamgmh| q rj|adacamgmh| thgch|# mh cg
mhla|aüo wxh |h }jeg# mh lgmg hchllaüo wxh |h fglh q mh cg| jrlajoh| q rtajtamgmh| wxh |h g|xeho
ljej rtjrag|# g|å ljej mh cg| ljo|hlxholag| mh }jmj hccj/ Aolcx|j hc fhlfj mh oj rcgo}hgt|h j oj
hchiat ogmg ho gd|jcx}j# h| xog hchllaüo daho ljolth}g mh cg wxh |h h| aixgceho}h th|rjo|gdch q wxh
}ahoh xog| ljo|hlxholag| ljolth}g|# wxh dhohnalago g xoj| q rhtkxmalgo g j}tj|# q wxh njtego rgt}h#
ljo|aixaho}heho}h# mhc ho}tgegmj mh thcglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm q h|}tg}analglaüo wxh ihohtgo xog
mh}hteaogmg h|}txl}xtg |jlagc q# mh|mh gfå# fglho rj|adch wxh cg thgcamgm |jlagc |hg mh xo ejmj
mh}hteaogmj q oj mh j}tj/ ]jmj hccj fglh h~amho}h wxh oj fgq oa rxhmh fgdht ohx}tgcamgm rj|adch ho
cj| ljerjt}geaho}j|# |a}xglajoh| q thgcamgmh| fxegog|/
Rgtg ljeho{gt# cg thgcamgm ljej }gc |aherth fg |amj aogdgtlgdch rgtg hc |ht fxegoj# aolcx|j rgtg
gwxhccg| rht|jog| ehkjt mj}gmg| rgtg hc ao}ho}j mh ljerthomht wxá h| q lüej nxolajog cg
thgcamgm/ Rhtj# g cj cgtij mh cg Fa|}jtag# cg thgcamgm icjdgc q# exq h|rhlagceho}h# cg thgcamgm fxegog#
|jlagc h fa|}ütalg# fg gmwxatamj }gc ljerchkamgm wxh manålaceho}h gcixaho rjmtç |ht ljo|amhtgmj
hvrht}j eç| wxh ho rgtlhcg| lgmg ~h{ eç| rhwxh÷g| mh cg thgcamgm/ H|}h hvlh|j mh mg}j|
ljomxlh g cj| |hth| fxegoj| g cg ohlh|amgm mh |aercanalgt h|g aogdgtlgdch thgcamgm/ Q h|}g
|aercanalglaüo h| xog ohlh|amgm rjtwxh# ljerthomg j oj cg thgcamgm# cj| |hth| fxegoj| |h ~ho
jdcaigmj| g ~a~at ho hccg# gmgr}gomj# ho cg ehmamg ho wxh ch| h| gclgo{gdch# |x| th|rxh|}g| g cg|ljomalajoh| q hvaiholag| mh cg rtjrag thgcamgm wxh ch| tjmhg q wxh ljo}hv}xgca{g |x hva|}holag/
Cg aogdgtlgdacamgm mh cg thgcamgm q cg ohlh|amgm mh |aercanalgtcg cch~go# g |x ~h{# g ao}tjmxlat xo
–jtmho― ho cj| mg}j| wxh ljojlhej| mh hccg/ Rhtj h| lgmg rht|jog cg wxh jtmhog cj| mg}j| mh cg
thgcamgm wxh ljo|amhtg thch~go}h| q cj fglh mh|mh |x| rj|alajoh| rth~ag| q |x| ao}hth|h|# |x|
ljo~allajoh| q lthholag|# |x| ljojlaeaho}j| rth~aj|# |x| ~gcjth| h aolcx|j mh|mh |x aiojtgolag#
mh|mh cg| ihohtgca{glajoh| q h|}hthj}arj| wxh ljo|}txqh# mh|mh |x| rth%kxalaj|/ Q h| h|h jtmho#
wxh ao}tjmxlh lgmg rht|jog# hc wxh fglh wxh lgmg xog g}ahomg eç|# j aolcx|j |jcgeho}h# g
gwxhccj| j}tj| mg}j| mh thgcamgm wxh holgkgo j wxh ch ljonatego h|h jtmho/
]jmj gwxhccj wxh oj holgkg ljo h|h jtmho aoljejmg# rtjmxlh xog ma|jogolag ljioa}a~g wxh
mh|h|}gdaca{g h|h exomj ljo|}txamj q cj fglh }gedgchgt|h/ Oj h| mh hv}tg÷gt# rjt }go}j# wxh hc |ht
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 23/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/42/ / / / / / / / /
fxegoj mh|gttjcch ehlgoa|ej| mh mhnho|g# mh ohiglaüo mh cg thgcamgm# ljo}tg gwxhccj| mg}j| j
rgt}h| mh cg thgcamgm wxh lxh|}ajogo j gxo mh|eaho}ho |x ljo|}txllaüo q thrth|ho}glaüo mhc
exomj/ Rjtwxh# |a cj| gmea}ahtg# }homtåg wxh thljojlht cj aoljerch}j mh |x rhtlhrlaüo%
ljo|}txllaüo%~gcjtglaüo%th|rxh|}g# g|å ljej cg ohlh|amgm mh ljerch}gtcg| j lgedagtcg|/
Mh h|}g njteg# cj wxh cj| |hth| fxegoj| oj |gdhej| &cj wxh aiojtgej|! cj |xrcaej| j thcchogej|
ljo ihohtgca{glajoh|# h|}hthj}arj| q rthkxalaj|# wxh oj |h dg|go ho cg thgcamgm# rhtj wxh gmwxahtho
lgtçl}ht mh thgcamgm# aoncxqhomj q ejmanalgomj ljerjt}geaho}j| rht|jogch| q rtjlh|j| |jlagch|
thgch|/ Q mh h|}h ejmj# cg aiojtgolag# hc httjt j gxo cg ngc|hmgm |h ljo~aht}ho ho j}tg rgt}h mh cg
ea|eg q ûoalg thgcamgm |jlagc/
Xo rtjdcheg g÷gmamj h| wxh# ljonjteh |h ljo|}txqh cg thgcamgm# ljonjteh |h ~go |hchllajogomj q
glxexcgomj gwxhccj| mg}j| wxh grjqgo q ljonatego hc jtmho wxh nxh hchiamj q h|}gdchlamj
rth~ageho}h# h|}g ljo|}txllaüo |h fglh eç| |ücamg q h| eç| manålac wxh lgedah/ H|}j# wxh jlxtth}go}j |a hc |ht fxegoj |h glhtlg rtjith|a~geho}h g xo ljojlaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# ljej |a |h
dg|g ho hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j q cj wxh |h fglh h| ihohtgca{gt# g}tadxat# h|}hthj}argt q rthkx{igt# fglh
aoh~a}gdch q# ho gcixoj| lg|j|# xtiho}h# hc goçca|a| q hc mhdg}h |jdth cj| ~gcjth| h ao}hth|h| wxh fgq
ho kxhij ho lgmg lg|j j |a}xglaüo/ Rjtwxh# jd~ageho}h# oj }homtç hc ea|ej ~gcjt oa mgtç cxigt g cg|
ea|eg| ljo|hlxholag| hc ljojlaeaho}j rtjith|a~j mh cg thgcamgm thgc wxh hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j#
aolcx|j ljej jrlaüo rth~ag mataiamg g rtj}hiht mh}hteaogmg| ljo|}txllajoh|/
Gedg| rj|adacamgmh| |aixho lgeaoj| ma|}ao}j|/ Cg rtaehtg# |xrjoh g|xeat cg rgtlagcamgm mhc rtjraj
ljojlaeaho}j# cg grht}xtg g cg thgcamgm thgc }gc q ljej |h rth|ho}g# q |xrjoh xog mj|a| oj rhwxh÷g
mh ao|hixtamgm rht|jogc q mh aolht}amxedth rjt lxgo}j cg thgcamgm icjdgc rhtegohlhtç aogdgtlgdch
q |jej| oj|j}tj| cj| wxh mhdhej| lxh|}ajogt oxh|}tg| rtjrag| |hixtamgmh| q lht}h{g| q |gcat gc
holxho}tj mh cg thgcamgm/ Cg |hixomg# |xrjoh# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# hc h}awxh}gkh mh cg thgcamgm q# ho h|h
|ho}amj# |x –lahtth― &qg |gdhej| cj wxh cg thgcamgm h|°!# q |xrjoh# rjt }go}j# hc thlfg{j mh }jmj
gwxhccj wxh rxmahtg lxh|}ajogt h|g ljo|}txllaüo# q jnthlh# ho lgedaj# xo gc}j itgmj mh |hixtamgm q
mh lht}h{g# gxowxh h|}g| oj |h ljtth|rjomgo ljo cj thgc/
Rjt h|j mhlaej| wxh fhej| mh hchiat ljo|}go}heho}h ho}th cg |hixtamgm mh oxh|}tj jtmho ntho}h g cg
ao|hixtamgm mh cj thgc/ Q mh gfå cg ohlh|amgm mh mh|grthomht oxh|}tg| ljo|}txllajoh| j cg|
ljo|}txllajoh| wxh oj| fgo |amj }tgo|ea}amg|# rgtg mhkgt h|rglaj q rj|adacamgm rgtg wxh cg thgcamgmattxerg q |h h|}gdch{lg ljej thnhtholag# rjt holaeg mh cj wxh lthågej| |gdht/ Ohlh|a}gej| }jegt
ljo|laholag mh oxh|}tg rgtlagcamgm rgtg gercagt oxh|}tj| ejmj| mh grthomht q ljojlht/ Ljo cj| g÷j|
q cg| hvrhtaholag| ~a~amg|# h|}gej| rth%rtjitgegmj| rgtg xog| lj|g| q oj rgtg j}tg| q cg }gthg# ho
xog |jlahmgm ljo egtlj| ma~ht|j|# mhdh rg|gt rjt gercagt h|g| rgtlagcamgmh|# ljojlahomj q
gdtaáomjoj| g cj| j}tj| egtlj|# aixgceho}h chiå}aej|# rth|ho}h| ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm/ Ohlh|a}gej|
mh|grthomht oxh|}tg| ~htmgmh| gd|jcx}g| rgtg ljerthomht wxh hva|}ho j}tj| ejmj| mh ho}homht cg
thgcamgm# manhtho}h|# chiå}aej|# q wxh rxhmho hotawxhlhtoj| ljej |jlahmgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 24/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 47/ / / / / / / / /
4%% ºOxh~g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc j mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|:
Hc |ht fxegoj# |hiûo rxhmh ~ht|h# h| dg|}go}h caea}gmj q# rxh|}j wxh cg ehtg dajcjiåg oj
mh}hteaog rjt |å |jcg wxá rht|jog rjmhej| cchigt g |ht# lgmg |ht fxegoj fg mh holjo}tgt# |xnjteg mh |ht%fglht%}hoht%h|}gt ho hc exomj# |x njteg mh |ht rht|jog# mh h|}gt ho cg thgcamgm q mh
th|rjomht g hccg/ Rjt h|j# lgmg |ht fxegoj |h ao|ht}g rtjdcheç}algeho}h ho |x thgcamgm# wxh h| g
cg ~h{ dajcüialg# rht|jogc# |jlagc h fa|}ütalg/
Mh|mh gwxå# cg lxc}xtg }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg lgrglamgm mhc |ht fxegoj mh gmgr}gt|h g cg og}xtgch{g#
g cg ~amg |jlagc ho itxrj|# g cg thcglaüo ho}th itxrj|# q g cg egtlfg mh cg fa|}jtag/ Rhtj }gedaáo }ahoh
wxh ~ht ljo cg ohlh|amgm mh gmgr}glaüo mh cg rtjrag ~amg mhc |ht fxegoj go}h q ntho}h g |å ea|ej/
Cg lxc}xtg# g|å# –xdalg― &jnthlh xog hvrcalglaüo |jdth |å ea|ej! q mg |ho}amj gc |ht fxegoj# mh|mh
|x oglaeaho}j fg|}g |x exht}h/ Rhtj }gedaáo –xdalg― q mg |ho}amj g cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| q g cg|
thcglajoh| ho}th cg| rht|jog| q cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch|/ Mh h|}g njteg# cg lxc}xtg fglh grgthlhtljej –lxg|a%og}xtgch|― cj wxh oj h| j}tg lj|g wxh ma|}ao}j| ejmj| mh gmgr}glaüo g ma~ht|g|
thgcamgmh| g|å ljej cg| hvrcalglajoh| ma|rjoadch| glhtlg mh }jmj hccj/ Rhtj oaoixog thgcamgm j
|a}xglaüo fxegog| |jo |ücj –og}xtgch{g― j |ücj –lxc}xtg―/ Ho hc |ht fxegoj# lxc}xtg q og}xtgch{g
|jo gd|jcx}geho}h ao|hrgtgdch|# |a daho cg thcglaüo wxh lgmg lxc}xtg h|}gdchlh ho}th hc |ht fxegoj
q cg og}xtgch{g h| xog rgt}alxcgtamgm mh lgmg xog mh hccg|/
Lgmg lxc}xtg |h ma|}aoixh mh cg| mheç| rjt cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh jnthlh g wxahoh| cg ljergt}ho0 rjt cj|
ljo}hoamj|# hcheho}j|# ao|}a}xlajoh| q thcglajoh| wxh cg njtego0 g|å ljej rjt hc glho}j wxh lgmg xog
gmjr}h ho lxgo}j g |x nxolaüo |jlagc mh –jtmhogeaho}j―# –h|}gdacamgm |jlagc j mhc itxrj―# q
–thrtjmxllaüo―/ H|}g| nxolajoh| rjmtågo ljo|amhtgt|h –xoa~ht|gch|―# ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh njtego
rgt}h mh }jmg| q lgmg xog mh cg| lxc}xtg|/ Rjt h|j# rjmhej| mhlat wxh –cg lxc}xtg― h|# g cg ~h{#
ihohtgc q h|rhlånalg/ Cg h|rhlah fxegog ohlh|a}g mh –cg lxc}xtg― ljej ehmaj aerth|laomadch mh
gmgr}glaüo gc ehmaj# mh |xrht~a~holag# q ljej lgxlh rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Rhtj lgmg itxrj
fxegoj }ahoh xog lxc}xtg h|rhlånalg lxqg| th|rxh|}g| oj ohlh|gtageho}h ljaolamho ljo cg| wxh mgo
cj| mheç| itxrj| ho j}tj| }aherj|# cxigth| j |a}xglajoh| j rj|alajoh| |jlagch|# hljoüealg|# á}oalg|
j thcaiaj|g|/ H|}g| th|rxh|}g| q# rjt cj }go}j# cj| ljo}hoamj|# cj| hcheho}j|# cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| q cg|
thcglajoh| wxh lgmg lxc}xtg h|}gdchlh ljej rgx}g mh thgcamgm# rxhmho manhtat mh egohtg |aioanalg}a~g
q# |ao xog ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo hvfgx|}a~g# rxhmh th|xc}gt manålac cg ljergtglaüo ho}th xoj| q j}tj|# }go}j
ljej cg lgcanalglaüo mh –og}xtgc― mh gcixoj mh gwxhccj|/
Cj wxh wxhmg lcgtj# ho }jmj lg|j# h| wxh }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| fxegog| |jo grthomamg| q }tgo|ea}amg| g
}tg~á| mh cj| eûc}arch| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo/ Cg| lxc}xtg|# rjt }go}j# |ücj |at~ho ho }go}j wxh |jo
ljergt}amg| rjt cj| eahedtj| mh xo mh}hteaogmj itxrj# g cj| wxh mg rgx}g| ho cg rhtlhrlaüo# ho hc
goçca|a| mh cg |a}xglaüo# ho cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h h|}gdchlho# ho cj| ~gcjth| grcalgdch|# ho cg| gl}a}xmh|
q ho cg| gllajoh| ljo cg| wxh |h th|rjomh g lgmg |a}xglaüo# h}l/ Rhtj# gmheç|# cg lxc}xtg jnthlh
|åedjcj| ljergt}amj| wxh rxhmho }hoht xo jtaiho thgc# g}tadxamj j aolcx|j eå}alj# rhtj wxh |at~ho
rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg| amho}amgmh| rht|jogch| q mh itxrj q# rjt }go}j# rgtg mh|gttjccgt hc |ho}amj
mh rht}hoholag g xog mh}hteaogmg ljexoamgm j itxrj |jlagc/ Rthla|geho}h rjt cg nxolaüo
–|x|}ho}gmjtg― wxh lxercho h|}j| |åedjcj|# }jmj| cj| itxrj| |xhcho |ht exq |ho|adch| g cg| ltå}alg|#lxh|}ajogeaho}j| q dxtcg| mh gwxhccj|# rjt cj wxh |x }tg}geaho}j mhdh lho}tgt|h ho cj wxh
thrth|ho}go rgtg cg| rht|jog| q oj |ücj ljej ehtj| jdkh}j| mh goçca|a|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 25/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/44/ / / / / / / / /
Hc rtjdcheg |xtih# xog ~h{ eç|# lxgomj cg lxc}xtg –|h lahttg― ljej gcij h|}ç}alj# ljej xo jdkh}j
wxh fgq wxh |gc~gixgtmgt mh lxgcwxaht ljo}geaoglaüo j lgedaj/ \ao hedgtij# cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg
lxc}xtg |jo mh og}xtgch{g maoçealg q gmgr}g}a~g;
%% Amho}analglaüo q |aioanalgmj mh cg h}oalamgm# mh cg| thcglajoh| á}oalg| q mh cj|
ljoncal}j| á}oalj|/
%% Cg ljertho|aüo mh q cg aerjt}golag g}tadxamg g cg| tgålh| dajcüialg| mhc
ljerjt}geaho}j fxegoj/
%% Cg og}xtgch{g# cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| q cg| chia}aeglajoh| mh cj| |a|}heg| hljoüealj|;
|xd|a|}holag# rtjmxllaüo# ljo|xej# glxexcglaüo q h|rhlxcglaüo/
%% Kx|}analglaüo# }jchtgolag q }tg}geaho}j mh cg rjdth{g# egtiaoglaüo q hvlcx|aüo
|jlagch|/
%% Cg| njteg| mh gllh|j gc rjmht# cg rgt}alarglaüo j oj ho cg ih|}aüo q x|j mhc rjmht q
cg ljo|}a}xlaüo mh itxrj|# oglajoh| q rg}tag|/%% Cj| |a|}heg| mh rgtho}h|lj q nacaglaüo/
%% Cg| thcglajoh| mh |hvj%iáohtj q |x kx|}analglaüo; –og}xtgch{g―# –h|rhlagca{glaüo―#
–mjeaoglaüo―/
%% Cg| thcaiajoh| q cg grht}xtg mhc |ht fxegoj g cg }tg|lhomholag/
%% Lj|ej~a|ajoh| q go}tjrjcjiåg| ma|rjoadch|/
%% Cg| thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog q |jlahmgm; rht|jogcamgm# choixgkh# thcglajoh|
|jlagch|# |jlagca{glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc/
%% Glhr}glaüo j oj mh cg maogealamgm mh cg rtjrag lxc}xtg; rj|adacamgmh| mh
gmgr}glaüo q lgedaj# mh h~jcxlaüo q }tgo|njteglaüo0 glhr}glaüo j thlfg{j mh
rtá|}gej|# fadtamglajoh| q eh|}a{gkh| lxc}xtgch|/
Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg lxc}xtg h| xo ao|}txeho}j wxh rxhmh |ht~at rgtg cg gmgr}glaüo mhc
|ht fxegoj g cg ljtrjthamgm0 g cg ljo|laholag q gc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm0 g cg ljo|laholag q gc
ljojlaeaho}j mh |å ea|ej0 g cg rj|adacamgm q g cj| cåea}h| mh cg cadht}gm0 gc ljo}tjc |jlagc q gc hkhtlalaj
mhc rjmht/ Q oj| jnthlh hc egtlj rgtg cg| rthixo}g| rjt hc |ho}amj mh cg ~amg fxegog# rjt cj wxh
h|}ç daho j oj q rjt cg naoa}xm j cg }tg|lhomholag mh cg ~amg fxegog# h| mhlat# cg| rthixo}g|
eh}gnå|alg|# á}alg| q thcaiaj|g|/ Rhtj }gedaáo fhej| mh |ht ljo|laho}h| mh wxh cg lxc}xtg rxhmh |ht
gmgr}go}h j –egc%gmgr}go}h― q wxh# ljej lgxlh j ao|}txeho}j# oj oj| jnthlh eç| wxh xo
mh}hteaogmj lgeaoj wxh fg mh |ht grcalgmj mh egohtg aoh~a}gdcheho}h rgt}alxcgt# mh|mh cg|ma~ht|g| hvrhtaholag| wxh ~a~h xog ea|eg rht|jog/ Rjt h|j# h| aoh~a}gdch wxh cg iho}h x}acalh
lthg}a~geho}h cg lxc}xtg/ Q wxh# rthla|geho}h rjt h|g ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo rht|jogc# lgmg grcalglaüo
rgt}alxcgt thwxahth |ht –}tgmxlamg―# ljercheho}gmg q ljerch}gmg ljo cg| hvrhtaholag| mh cg|
manhtho}h| rht|jog| q itxrj|/
Mh|mh }jmj cj go}htajt# th|xc}g manålac h|}gdchlht xog h|}tal}g fjejihohamgm lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh
oaoiûo itxrj fxegoj# eç| gccç mh cj| itxrj| eç| rhwxh÷j|# ga|cgmj| q g|jlagmj| g ljexoamgmh|
txtgch| q }tgmalajogch|/ Cg lxh|}aüo h|# gwxå# wxh fhej| nxolajogmj ljej |a# rjt hkhercj# }jmg| cg|
rht|jog| h|rg÷jcg| &j mh cg Ljexoa}g} ^gcholagog# j hxtjrhg|! ljergt}ah|ho xog ea|eg lxc}xtg#
ljeûo q fjejiáohg ho }jmj| |x| g|rhl}j| q maeho|ajoh| q ljej |a# lxgcwxaht ma|ho|aüo jmanhtholag# nxhtg gcij rgthlamj g xog –mh|~aglaüo― j# gc ehoj|# xog hvlhrlaüo/ Rhtj h|g lxc}xtg
ûoalg# ljeûo q fjejiáohg# oj fg hva|}amj oxolg g|å/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 26/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 27/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4=/ / / / / / / / /
ntjo}htg| ho}th cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| rahtmho cg taiamh{ q cg lcgtamgm wxh rhtea}ågo cg ea|eg
lcg|analglaüo &Dgxegoo# 4222!/ Q h|}g rátmamg mhc –fjigt lxc}xtgc― fglh hehtiht xo jtmho |jlagc
exlfj eç| ntåj h ao|hixtj wxh hc rthlhmho}h/ Cg itgo rgtgmjkg h| wxh hc exomj gdaht}j q
lj|ejrjca}g mh fjq h| hc wxh ihohtg# ljej thgllaüo# rj|}xtg| thgl}a~g| mh eahmj q mh mhnho|g hocj| go}aixj| q oxh~j| oglajogca|ej|# ao}hita|ej| thcaiaj|j| q }tgmalajogca|ej| lxc}xtgch|/ Hc
h|lgcjntåj mh cg ao|hixtamgm |h }jtog ao}jchtgo}h q hoheaij mh lxgcwxaht maçcjij ljo hc exomj# gc
wxh ~h ljej hoheaij ljo}geaogmjt/ Cg ohlh|amgm mh rtj}hllaüo egomg lhttgt nacg| gcthmhmjt mh
cg |gog mjl}taog# mh cg gx}jtamgm jnalagc q ljerh}ho}h q thlhcg mh }jmg grht}xtg j thljojlaeaho}j mh
–cj j}tj―# ljej xog ljolh|aüo aogmea|adch q xog }tgalaüo g –cj oxh|}tj―/ \h aoalago# g|å# cj| lgeaoj|
rhcaitj|j| mh cg ma~a|aüo geaij%hoheaij# mho}tj%nxhtg# hccj|%oj|j}tj|# ljo }jmg| |x|
|aercanalglajoh| q gith|a~amgmh| &Egtmjoh|# 7119!/
Rjt j}tj cgmj# rxhmh jd|ht~gt|h xog hv}ho|aüo q fg|}g exomagca{glaüo# rhtj |ao mhejltg}a{glaüo#
mh cg aonjteglaüo q mh cg| lxc}xtg|# wxh h| ljo|hlxholag mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh icjdgca{glaüo/ Rhtjh|g hv}ho|aüo q exomagca{glaüo |h fg amj ljonaixtgomj ljej fjejihoha{glaüo mh cj hv}htoj q cj
gllh|jtaj g cg| rht|jog|# aolcx|j ljej aoljtrjtglaüo g xo rtjlh|j amho}a}gtaj ljeûo# rhtj |ücj ho
cj }ta~agc &ejmg|# grgtaholag hv}htog…!# |ücj ho cj wxh oj |xtih mh gwxhccj wxh fglh ûoalj h
atthercg{gdch g lgmg |ht fxegoj/ \ao hedgtij# h|}h rtjlh|j }ahoh }gedaáo xog| ljo|hlxholag|
geda~gcho}h|# rj|a}a~g| q ohig}a~g| gc ea|ej }aherj/ Cg ljo|hlxholag rj|a}a~g h| wxh gxeho}g cg
|ho|glaüo mh tawxh{g lxc}xtgc q mh thljojlaeaho}j mh –cj j}tj q ma~ht|j―# mh gx}jtthljojlaeaho}j
ho cj| h|}gdchlamj| ljej –manhtho}h|― q# mh|mh gfå# |h g~a|}g ljo nglacamgm cg aixgcmgm nxomgeho}gc#
cg tgmalgc xoamgm mhc iáohtj fxegoj# dg|gmg oj ho xog fjejihoha{glaüo herjdthlhmjtg# |aoj ho
cg tawxh{g q cg rj}holagcamgm mh cg thgcamgm exc}alxc}xtgc/ Rhtj cg ljo|hlxholag ohig}a~g h| cg egqjt
ao|hixtamgm h aolht}amxedth# aolcx|j hc eahmj# go}h cj manhtho}h q hc |ho}aeaho}j mh gehog{g rjt cg
rátmamg mh xog aegiaogtag fjejihohamgm j xoanjteamgm wxh# ljej |h fg |h÷gcgmj# oxolg hva|}aü
&Egtmjoh|# 7119!/
Hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg thcg}a~amgm mh cg| lxc}xtg| q }tgmalajoh| fglh j rhtea}h wxh cg| rht|jog| |hgo
eç| thnchva~g|# gxowxh }gedaáo ch| rxhmh fglht eç| h|lár}alg| q egoarxcgmjtg|/ Cg hvrhtaholag
mh xog cadht}gm aohcxmadch q mh cg ohlh|amgm mh hchiat fglh h~amho}h# }gedaáo# cg aerj|adacamgm mh
ljo}tjcgt cg |jlahmgm/ Fgq# g|å# xog eh{lcg mh grht}xtg q lahtth mh fjta{jo}h|# wxh rxhmh }go}j
h|}aexcgt cg lthg}a~amgm q cg th|rjo|gdacamgm |jlagc# ljej rgtgca{gtcg|/ Rjt h|j# ho h|}g g}eü|nhtg
|jlagc q lxc}xtgc# cg }jchtgolag q cg ao}jchtgolag h|}ço ccgegmg| g lthlht gc ea|ej }aherj/ Rxhmhlthlht cg }jchtgolag g }tg~á| mh cg ~a~holag q hc holxho}tj ljo –cj manhtho}h―/ Rhtj cg }jchtgolag rxhmh
}tgmxlat|h ho xog h|rhlah mh ljo|xej mh |ho|glajoh| ma~ht|g| wxh naogceho}h glgdgo holhttgmg|
ho xo exomj wxh oj }jeg ho |htaj oa cj rtjraj oa cj manhtho}h/ H|}h rhcaitj kx|}analg cg thgllaüo
ljo}tgtag; cg ao}jchtgolag wxh hoihomtg ngoç}alj|/ Q cg h|lxhcg# cg hmxlglaüo# hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q
cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| |htço# aoh~a}gdcheho}h# xoj mh cj| cxigth| |jlagch| mjomh |h hontho}gtço
h|}g| rj|}xtg|# lgmg xog mh cg| lxgch| }tg}gtç mh g|ho}gt |x| rj|alajoh|/ Cg hmxlglaüo h|}ç
|htageho}h mh|gnagmg g rtjrjtlajogt cg| hcheho}gch| lht}h{g| ljo cg| wxh ~a~at xog ~amg fxegog# g
cg ~h{ wxh rtjlxtgt cg grht}xtg rgtg rjmht |ht laxmgmgoj| mh xo exomj rcgoh}gtaj q exc}alxc}xtgc
&Egtmjoh|# 7119!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 28/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 48/ / / / / / / / /
<%% Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc
Qg ho cg málgmg mh cj| 12 mhc |aicj rg|gmj# |h mgdg rjt h|}gdchlamj wxh cg |jcxlaüo g cg rjdth{g oj
htg qg xo rtjdcheg mh ehmaj|# |aoj mh naoh|# mh wxhtht j oj wxhtht q# rjt }go}j# mh ~jcxo}gm rjcå}alg&LHR\# 7118!/ Ho hc ljo}hv}j ao|}a}xlajogc mh Lçta}g| q mh cg Nxomglaüo NJH\\G# ljo cg
exc}arcalglaüo mh cj| h|}xmaj| |jdth cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho H|rg÷g# hc
Aonjteh Ihohtgc# cg| ejojitgnåg| |jdth itxrj| q*j |a}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg| &exkhth|# kü~hoh|#
}htta}jtaj q ~a~ahomg…!# h}l/# wxhmgdg lcgtj cj wxh |xrjoåg –cxlfgt ljo}tg cg rjdth{g fjq― &Thoh|#
7117!# g|å ljej cg| hvaiholag| wxh |h mhta~gdgo mh hccj/
Ho h|}h ejeho}j# ~hao}h g÷j| mh|rxá|# xog dxhog rgt}h mh cg| rtjrxh|}g| wxh |h fgo fhlfj
ljo|}go}heho}h mh|mh ho}jolh| |aixho |ahomj gmhlxgmg| q ohlh|gtag|/ Aolcx|j fgo gmwxatamj xo
egqjt itgmj mh xtiholag rjt cg| |a}xglajoh| wxh fgo amj grgthlahomj ljej th|xc}gmj mh cg lta|a|
hljoüealg q mhc mh|jtda}gmj gxeho}j mhc mh|herchj ho H|rg÷g mh|mh |hr}ahedth mh 4229/Rthla|geho}h# ho h|}h ejeho}j eç| wxh ho j}tj|# h| aerth|laomadch q xtiho}h thlxrhtgt cg rjcå}alg
ljej lgxlh rtaolargc rgtg g}homht thgceho}h cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| q mh cg |jlahmgm/ Hc
ea|ej mh|rth|}aiaj |jlagc mh cg rjcå}alg# q cg h~amholag mh cg| rtçl}alg| wxh cg mh|rth|}aiago# h| xo
ngl}jt g÷gmamj wxh manalxc}g q# ho jlg|ajoh|# aeramh cg |jcxlaüo thgc mh cj| rtjdcheg|/ Rhtj# rgtg
thlxrhtgt h|h rth|}aiaj q h|g ljonago{g rhtmamj|# fgdtç wxh g|xeat q fglht rj|adch# ho}th }jmj| q
}jmg|# xo lgedaj mh ejmhcj ho hc ejmj mh fglht rjcå}alg/
Fjq oj rxhmh th|xc}gt glhr}gdch xo ejmhcj dg|gmj ho hc jlxc}geaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# ho cg
rtjrgigomg rjcå}alg ljej ehtg gnateglaüo mh cg atthgcamgm# ho hc thlfg{j mh }jmg ltå}alg q hc lg|}aij
mh cj| wxh |h g}th~ho g fglhtcg|/ Oj rxhmh kx|}analgt|h ho ejmj gcixoj cg ljjr}glaüo mh cg|
ao|}a}xlajoh| ma|rxh|}g| g rgt}alargt ho cg rtjrgigomg/ ºLüej rxhmh ljo|}txat|h xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo
h aolcxqho}h mh|mh hc hontho}geaho}j q cg mh|lgcanalglaüo mh }jmj cj wxh |h grgt}g mh cg| mathl}talh| j
mhla|ajoh| mhc rgt}amj mh wxh |h }tg}h: Xo ejmhcj g|å |xrjomtåg# ho thgcamgm# cg aohnalglag q ho cg
aohnalaholag mh }jmj hc |a|}heg/ Rjt hccj# fg mh gnategt|h cg xtiholag q cg aerjt}golag mhc
thljojlaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# mh cg rgt}alarglaüo ho hc ma|h÷j# hkhlxlaüo q ljo}tjc mh cg| rjcå}alg|
rûdcalg|0 mh cg ljcgdjtglaüo q ljjtmaoglaüo thgc ho}th ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| &mh ma|}ao}j oa~hc “h|}g}gc#
gx}joüealj# cjlgc%# rhtj }gedaáo ho}th cg| mhc ea|ej oa~hc!# rtaehtj# q ho}th ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| q
jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# mh|rxá|0 cg xtiholag q cg aerjt}golag mh cg g|aioglaüo mh rth|xrxh|}j|
|xnalaho}h| rgtg th|rjomht thgceho}h g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| q mh cg |jlahmgm q rgtgthgca{gt cj wxh |h malh rth}homht ljej jdkh}a~j q# rjt }go}j# mh xo ejmhcj dg|gmj ho cg mj}glaüo mh
cj| thlxt|j| naogolahtj|# fxegoj| q }áloalj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj cg| rjcå}alg| ohlh|gtag|/
Gmheç| mh cg ohlh|amgm mh xo lgedaj mh ejmhcj ho cg rtçl}alg rjcå}alg q ho cg ih|}aüo mh cj
rûdcalj# h| aerth|laomadch gdjtmgt cg ntgiacamgm q cg| itg~h| caea}glajoh| mh cg rtj}hllaüo |jlagc q mh
cg| igtgo}åg| mh xog aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g ho H|rg÷g/ Hc ejmhcj mh rtj}hllaüo |jlagc q mh
igtgo}åg| rgtg cg aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g h| xo ejmhcj ao|xnalaho}h ho |x mh|gttjccj# ho |x mj}glaüo
hljoüealg q ho cj| thlxt|j| fxegoj| ma|rjoadch|/ \å fgq xog |xlh|aüo mh ehmamg| chia|cg}a~g| q
rcgoh|# h|}tg}áialj| j rxo}xgch|# rhtj cg rtjnx|aüo ho hc ma|h÷j q ho hc goxolaj mh cg| ehmamg| oj
|h fg ljtth|rjomamj ljo g~golh| thgch|# ljo|jcamgmj| g }tg~á| mh mhthlfj| jdkh}a~j|# ho cgrtj}hllaüo q ho cg aixgcmgm mh cg| rht|jog| wxh |h holxho}tgo ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|rtj}hllaüo j mh
mh|aixgcmgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 29/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4>/ / / / / / / / /
Gmheç|# gc aergl}j mh cg lta|a| ho }áteaoj| mh mh|herchj# |h ch |xeg cg mh|rtj}hllaüo thgc wxh |h
jtaiaog rjt xoj| thlxt|j| wxh qg htgo ao|xnalaho}h|# go}h| mh cg lta|a|# rgtg cg| ohlh|amgmh| wxh
fgdåg ho}jolh|/ Cg aogmhlxglaüo ho}th cj| rth|xrxh|}j| g|aiogmj| q cg| ohlh|amgmh| rht|jogch|#
ngeacagth| q |jlagch|# fg |amj xog ljo|}go}h ho }jmj| h|}j| g÷j|/ Q# }tg| hc ljeaho{j mh cg lta|a|# |hfgo amj rtjmxlahomj thljt}h| |xlh|a~j| ho cg hv}ho|aüo q ho cg ao}ho|amgm mh cg rtj}hllaüo |jlagc/
Mh|rtj}hllaüo wxh gnhl}g }gedaáo# q mh ejmj exlfj eç| itg~h# g cg| |a}xglajoh| eç| xtiho}h|/
]jmj hccj |h mg g cg ~h{ wxh gcixog| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# |ao xog naogolaglaüo rûdcalg
|xnalaho}h# ao}ho}go |xrcat g cj| |ht~alaj| rûdcalj|# aolcx|j g|xeahomj th|rjo|gdacamgmh| q
ljerh}holag| rûdcalg|/ Eaho}tg| }go}j# ho gcixog| mh cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| th|rjo|gdch| mh cg|
th|rxh|}g| g h|g| |a}xglajoh| |h mg xog ma|ljo}aoxamgm mh rtjitgeg| q gllajoh|0 xog
aoh|}gdacamgm mh cj| }áloalj| wxh fgo mh rjohtcj| ho rtçl}alg0 xo hvlh|j mh dxtjltglag q xog ngc}g
mh th|rxh|}g| hnhl}a~g|0 xo mh|ljojlaeaho}j# rjtwxh oj |h thia|}tgo# mh cg| |a}xglajoh| oj
g}homamg| j mhta~gmg| g j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh|0 xog ngc}g mh lcgtamgm q }tgo|rgtholag wxh rxhmh}tgmxlat|h ho ma|lthlajogcamgm q gtda}tgtahmgm# rjt hkhercj# ho cg g|aioglaüo mh thlxt|j|#
|xd~holajoh|# h}l/0 q xog mhejtg manålac mh kx|}analgt ho cg th|rxh|}g g cg| |a}xglajoh| eç| xtiho}h|/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rjt }go}j# hc ea|ej ejmhcj h| xo ngl}jt g÷gmamj wxh ihohtg# ego}ahoh q
thrtjmxlh cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc# h| mhlat# mh rjdth{g# egtiaoglaüo q hvlcx|aüo/
Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh hc |a|}heg h|rg÷jc mh rtj}hllaüo |jlagc h| hc |hixomj eç|
aohnalaho}h mh Hxtjrg# ho itgo ehmamg rjt cg manålac h|}txl}xtg gmeaoa|}tg}a~g h|rg÷jcg/ Rjt j}tg
rgt}h# th|xc}g exlfg| ~hlh| h~amho}h cg mh|ljjtmaoglaüo# lxgomj oj cg ljerh}holag mh|chgc# ho}th
Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|# aolcx|j mhc ea|ej |aioj rjcå}alj q mho}tj mh cj| ma~ht|j| çeda}j|
|hl}jtagch| mh xog ea|eg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo# qg |hg h|}g cjlgc# gx}joüealg j h|}g}gc &~a~ahomg#
herchj# njteglaüo q lgrgla}glaüo cgdjtgc# hmxlglaüo# |ht~alaj| |jlagch|# |gcxm…!/ ]jmj hccj
ihohtg# mh fhlfj# xog ~htmgmhtg mh|aixgcmgm mh cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh |h mgo# mh|mh cg| ma|}ao}g|
ljexoamgmh| gx}üojeg|# go}h |a}xglajoh| j rtjdcheg| aixgch|# rthla|geho}h rjt cg| manhtholag|
ho cg hv}ho|aüo q cg ao}ho|amgm mh cg ljdht}xtg mh cg| th|rxh|}g| mh cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|/
Gc naogc# g cg| rht|jog|# ngeacag| q itxrj| mh|}aog}gtaj| mh cg g}holaüo |ücj cchig xog rhwxh÷g rgt}h
mh cj| thlxt|j| wxh |h ~go rhtmahomj ho hc }tg|~g|h mh xo oa~hc mh cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo gc |aixaho}h/
H|}g |a}xglaüo# g cj cgtij mh cj| g÷j|# fg |xrxh|}j xo }tg|rg|j mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm wxh }jmg~åg
}ahoho ho hvlcx|a~g cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg| ho nxolaüo mh |x| ljerh}holag|# g cg|jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# exq h|rhlagceho}h ho cg g}holaüo q th|rxh|}g g cg| ohlh|amgmh|#
lgtholag| q rtjdcheg|# aolcx|j dç|alg|# mh cg| rht|jog| q cj| itxrj| |jlagch| gnhl}gmj|/ Rhtj h|}g
|xrcholag h| jd~ageho}h aerj|adch; cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch| oj rxhmho |x|}a}xat g cg|
Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|# oa h|}g| rxhmho fglht mhkglaüo mh |x th|rjo|gdacamgm/
Gmheç|# cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# aolcx|j cg| wxh h|}ço ao}ho}gomj g}homht cg| ohlh|amgmh|#
lgtholag| q rtjdcheg| oj g}homamj| rjt cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo# }ahoho xo rgrhc |ücj |hlxomgtaj q#
exlfg| ~hlh|# aohva|}ho}h# ho hc ma|h÷j q h~gcxglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg|/ Cg| |xd~holajoh| |h
x}aca{go# ho jlg|ajoh|# oj ljej lgxlh mh rgt}alarglaüo laxmgmgog q ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm ho}th cg|
ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| q cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# |aoj ljej ao|}txeho}j mh ljo}tjc mh cj|eho|gkh| rûdcalj| mh cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|/ H|}g|# rjt }go}j# }ahoho# ho hc ehkjt mh cj|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 30/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 49/ / / / / / / / /
lg|j|# xo rgrhc ehtgeho}h ljo|xc}a~j# rhtj |ao ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm thgc# oa rgt}alarglaüo thgc# ho hc
ma|h÷j# hkhlxlaüo q h~gcxglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| |jlagch|/
]jmg| h|}g| manalxc}gmh| |h gitg~go rjt hc fhlfj mh wxh ngc}g xo ljojlaeaho}j gmhlxgmj mh cgthgcamgm |jlagc gl}xgc# g|å ljej mh cg| ohlh|amgmh|# lgtholag| q rtjdcheg| mh cg| rht|jog| q
ngeacag| wxh th|amho ho lgmg çeda}j }htta}jtagc/ Exq rjlg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch| ao}ho}go
|a|}heg}a{gt |x ljojlaeaho}j q hvrhtaholag ho njteg mh h|}xmaj| j goçca|a| mh cg| thgcamgmh|
|jlagch| g cg| wxh ao}ho}go th|rjomht/
\ao hedgtij# }jmg| h|}g| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g| oj |ücj gnhl}go g cg| ljomalajoh| thgch| mh
~amg mh cg| rht|jog|# ngeacag| q itxrj| |jlagch| gl}xgch|# fglaáomjcg|# ho jlg|ajoh|# aofxegog| j
aontgfxegog|/ \aoj wxh gnhl}go# }gedaáo# g cg| ihohtglajoh| nx}xtg| g }tg~á| mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh
thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc &~ht naixtg 7!/ Eç| gccç mh cg aoncxholag mh cg rtjrag ngeacag q mh cj| mheç|
ngl}jth| mh |jlagca{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| &wxh gdjtmgthej| ho xo lgrå}xcj rj|}htajt!# rjt h|j|jo }go aerjt}go}h| cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|; rjtwxh rtjmxlho j ego}ahoho xog rgt}alxcgt
h|}tg}analglaüo |jlagc q ihohtgo xog mh}hteaogmg h|}txl}xtg |jlagc wxh aoncxqh hojteheho}h ho cg|
rj|adacamgmh| mh hmxlglaüo# rtjejlaüo cgdjtgc q mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh lgmg oa÷j q oa÷g# ho nxolaüo
mh |x jtaiho |jlagc q# rjt }go}j# mh |x oglaeaho}j/
Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc hva|}ho}h aercalg wxh ho}th xo 42( q xo 48( mh cg| ngeacag| th|amho}h| ho
H|rg÷g h|}ço hvlcxamg| mhc gllh|j g xog ~amg maiog q g cg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh rtjejlaüo q
mh|gttjccj rht|jogc wxh |h dg|go# rthla|geho}h# ho cg lgcamgm mh ~amg/ Cg egcg lgcamgm mh ~amg q cg
ngc}g mh jrjt}xoamgmh| jlg|ajogo hc mh}htajtj# }go}j mh cg| ljomalajoh| eg}htagch| mh cg hva|}holag
ho cg| ngeacag|# ljej mh cg| thcglajoh| fxegog| mho}tj q nxhtg mh cg ngeacag# mh}htajtçomj|h# g|å# cg
ao}hitglaüo rht|jogc q |jlagc/ Cj| fakj| mh h|}g| ngeacag| ~a~ho q grthomho –ljej og}xtgc― cg| egcg|
ljomalajoh| mh ~amg# cg| lgtholag| rht|jogch| q |jlagch|# cg ngc}g mh jrjt}xoamgmh| mh mh|gttjccj#
cj| rtjdcheg|# cg| gl}a}xmh|# cg| gr}a}xmh| q cg| njteg| mh thcglaüo wxh |h h|}gdchlho ho cg ngeacag#
ho hc ho}jtoj |jlagc q xtdgoj q ljo cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/ H|}g h| cg fhtholag wxh thladho h|}j| oa÷j| q
oa÷g|/ H| hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg mh cg –|hixomg ihohtglaüo― “mh lgmg |hixomg ihohtglaüo%/ G|å#
lxgomj fgo mh ljerh}at –ho }áteaoj| mh aixgcmgm― ljo cj| mheç| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rgtg ljo|hixat xo
cxigt ho cg |jlahmgm ojtegca{gmg# grhog| |a }ahoho gcixog rj|adacamgm mh cjitgtcj# |gc~j wxh }hoigo
xog lgrglamgm mh h|nxht{j ~htmgmhtgeho}h fhtjalg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 31/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/46/ / / / / / / / /
Naixtg 7
Jtaiho |jlagc# hmxlglaüo q herchj; ngl}jth| mh thrtjmxllaüo j lgedaj |jlagc
Nxho}h; hcgdjtglaüo rtjrag/
Cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rgt}ho# g|å# mh xog rj|alaüo |jlagc# hljoüealg# h}l/# mh|aixgc ho nxolaüo mh cg ngeacag ho
cg wxh fgo oglamj/ Mh|mh gfå# |h aoljtrjtgo# cj| wxh cj fglho# gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ Xo |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j
wxh |h ljoladh g |å ea|ej# gc ehoj|# mh|mh mj| ~a|ajoh| ma|}ao}g| &\çolfh{ mh Fjtlgkj# 7117!/
Xog mh hccg| gnateg cg ohx}tgcamgm mh cg h|lxhcg q h|}gdchlh wxh hc th|xc}gmj mh cg hmxlglaüo mhrhomh
hvlcx|a~geho}h mh cg ~jlglaüo q cg| lgrglamgmh| –og}xtgch|― mh lgmg gcxeoj j gcxeog/ Cj ûoalj wxh
fglh cg h|lxhcg# |hiûo cg rtaehtg mh h|}g| ~a|ajoh|# gc naogc mhc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j# h| lht}analgt cj wxhlgmg rht|jog –h|―# cg| lgrglamgmh| wxh }ahoh# cg ~jlglaüo wxh exh|}tg/ Q# g }tg~á| mh cg|
lgcanalglajoh|# j}jtig g lgmg rht|jog cj wxh mhdh h|rhtgt# cj wxh –ehthlh―# cj wxh }ahoh mhthlfj g
thlcgegt g cg |jlahmgm/ Mh|mh h|}g rj|alaüo# cg H|lxhcg }tg}g g }jmj| rjt aixgc# mgomj g }jmj| q }jmg|
cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh|/ H| aomhrhomaho}h mh cj wxh jlxtth ho cg |jlahmgm q h| aoexoh g cg|
mh|aixgcmgmh| q rtjdcheg| |jlagch|/ Cg H|lxhcg# naogceho}h# mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g# oj }ahoh ho
lxho}g cj| ao}hth|h| rth|ho}h| ho cg |jlahmgm# oa |x rth~gcholag# oa |x lgrglamgm mh aerj|alaüo# q
lxerch nahceho}h |x }gthg mh mh|gttjccgt q |a}xgt g lgmg rht|jog ho |x cxigt/
Cg j}tg# ho}ahomh cg hmxlglaüo ljej xo rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo lxqj nao h| cg gmhlxglaüo mh lgmg
aoma~amxj ljo cg |jlahmgm# h| mhlat# cg lgrgla}glaüo mh lgmg rht|jog rgtg wxh lgmg xog g}ahomg cg|ohlh|amgmh| h ao}hth|h| mh cg |jlahmgm# mh egohtg manhtholagmg# g }tg~á| mh cg ma|}tadxlaüo q g|aioglaüo
mh tjch| q ehmago}h cg g}tadxlaüo mh h|}g}x|/ \hiûo h|}g rj|alaüo# cg H|lxhcg thgca{g xog }gthg mh
Ejeho}j 7; rj|alaüo |jlagcmh cg ngeacag mh jtaiho
\a|}heg|hmxlg}a~j|
Ejeho}j 4; rj|alaüo |jlagcmh cj| fakj| rjt |x ao|htlaüo cgdjtgc
mh|mh cg hmxlglaüo thladamg
Gc naogc# oj| hontho}gej| g xog |a}xglaüo aowxah}go}h; ºWxá jlxtth |a |h tjerh cg thcglaüo ho}thhmxlglaüo q herchj: ºWxá }arj mh |jlahmgm |xtih: ºWxá jlxtth ljo cg| rht|jog|:ºWxá |h rxhmh ao}ho}gt:º\h |jcxlajogtç hc rtjdcheg: ºRjmhej| h|}gt fgdcgomj mh xog |jlahmgm ho cg wxh –oj lgdhej| }jmj|#h| mhlat# ho cg wxh oj }jmj| rjmthej| ~a~at xog ~amg maiog# gxowxh –fgigej| daho cg| lj|g|―:
Nac}tj nxolajogca|}g; cg aixgcmgmho hc gllh|j q cg aixgcmgmmh
jrjt}xoamgmh| xog ~h{mho}tj mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j
H|}txl}xtg \jlagcH|}tg}analglaüo \jlagcMh|aixgcmgm \jlagc
Oxh~g| njteg| mh |jlahmgmj mh thcglaüo fxegogq |jlagc# rjcå}alg# h}l/
% Giho}h| aercalgmj|% Thlxt|j| ma|rjoadch|
% Rtjlh|j|mh manhtholaglaüoq |hchllaüo
% Lgra}gc lxc}xtgc% ^ajcholag |aedücalg
% THRTJMXLLAÜO \JLAGCEHLÇOALG
% Th|a|}holag q lgedaj|jlagc# lxc}xtgc q rjcå}alj
% Thljojlaeaho}j mhceáta}j q hc h|nxht{j
H|}txl}xtg \jlagcH|}tg}analglaüo \jlagcMh|aixgcmgm \jlagc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 32/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 33/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<2/ / / / / / / / /
rj|adacamgmh| mh lgedaj |jlagc q mh ihohtglaüo mh oxh~g| njteg| q h|rglaj| q lgxlh| mh thcglaüo
mh cg| rht|jog| q mh jtigoa{glaüo |jlagc/
Gfjtg daho# }jmg| h|}g| rj|alajoh| rth|xrjoågo xog laht}g ljtth|rjomholag ho}th hmxlglaüo qherchj# ho}th cj| th|xc}gmj| ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q hc oa~hc gclgo{gmj ho hc ea|ej# q hc gllh|j#
rtaehtj# gc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj# q mh|rxá|# mho}tj mh h|}h# g cj| ma|}ao}j| rxh|}j| mh }tgdgkj gljtmh|
ljo cj| th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ Lgmg ~h{ mh njteg eç| glx|gmg# h|g
ljtth|rjomholag |h fg tj}j q oj| holjo}tgej| ho |jlahmgmh| ho cg| wxh# }gc q ljej h|}ç jtigoa{gmj
hc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj# rxhmh fgdht lgmg ~h{ eç| rht|jog| wxh oj }hoigo lgdamg ho cg |jlahmgm# gc
ehoj|# mh|mh cg rj|adacamgm mh gclgo{gt xo herchj mhc wxh |h mhta~ho xog| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg
maiog|/ Rhtj cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |xtiatço# |ao mxmg# mh xog |a}xglaüo g|å |jo exlfj|/
\a rgtg cg| rht|jog| wxh fgo h|}xmagmj oj fgq }tgdgkj maioj j# |aercheho}h# oj fgq }tgdgkj# ºrgtg wxh
h|}xmagt: \xtih# g|å# cg ihohtglaüo –oa%oa―# wxh –oa h|}xmag oa }tgdgkg―# rhtj g|ratg g xog ~amg maiog# aixgcwxh }jmj hc exomj/ Ho xog |a}xglaüo g|å# hc herchj rxhmh }hoht eç| wxh ~ht ljo cg ngeacag mh jtaiho q
|x| thcglajoh|# wxh ljo cg| lgrglamgmh| q cj| ljojlaeaho}j| gclgo{gmj|/ Rhtj h|j |aioanalg ~jc~ht g cg
Hmgm Ehmag q g xog |a}xglaüo rth~ag g }jmg| cg| th~jcxlajoh| mh cg ejmhtoamgm/ Oj }jmg| cg| rht|jog|#
ljo j |ao njteglaüo q h|}xmaj|# rjmtço }tgdgkgt oj qg –mh cj |xqj―# |aoj ho ogmg/ Rhtj# ho}jolh|# mh wxá
~go g ~a~at… Ljo cj wxh ~jc~htågej| g h}grg| mh –fgedtxog| q hramheag|―# wxa{ç| oj ho hc |ho}amj
ca}htgc# rhtj |å ho }áteaoj| mh –honhtehmgm |jlagc― q mh|aixgcmgmh| exq glho}xgmg|/ Cg –|jcxlaüo― wxh
ho|gqgo cg| rht|jog| q cg| ngeacag| rg|g rjt xog njteglaüo ljo|}go}h# farhth|rhlagca{gmg q# g cg ~h{#
ma~ht|analgmg/ Rhtj h|}j |ücj rxhmh rcgo}hgt|h ljej –thehmaj― ho }áteaoj| aoma~amxgch|# oj ho
}áteaoj| |jlagch|/ Rjt cj wxh# aolcx|j |a xoj cjitg –|gc~gt|h― wxhmg cg rthixo}g mh wxá rg|g ljo cj|
mheç| q mh |a rjmthej| ~a~at kxo}j| ho |jlahmgmh| mh|aixgch| q hvlcxqho}h| q# rjt cj }go}j# ~ajcho}g|/ G
xoj ch ~ahoh cg aegiho mh cg| |jlahmgmh| –njt}gch{g―# ljo cj| hvlcxamj| nxhtg mh cg| –extgccg|―/ \a h|j
nxhtg g|å# h|}gthej| g|xeahomj xog |a}xglaüo mh ~ajcholag# rtaehtj ljo}tg cj| wxh |h wxhmgo nxhtg mh
xog ~amg maiog/ Q# |hixomj q ljej ljo|hlxholag# mh h|}j| ljo}tg cj| wxh fgqgo ljo|hixamj h|g|
ljomalajoh| mh ~amg maiog|/ H|j h| cj wxh xo rth|amho}h mhc Dgolj Exomagc ccgeü –cg djedg |jlagc―#
rjtwxh oj rxhmh |ht |j|}hoadch oa |awxahtg ehmago}h cg ~ajcholag q cg thrth|aüo/
Eaho}tg| }go}j# j}tg |a}xglaüo ~g mh|gttjccçomj|h q gm~at}aáomjoj| mh cj| tah|ij| mh h|g
–ma~ht|amgm |jlagc oj th|xhc}g―# h| mhlat# mhc gxeho}j mh cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc# cj| rtjlh|j| mh
herjdthlaeaho}j# cg egtiaoglaüo q cg hvlcx|aüo/ \h }tg}g mhc ntglg|j h|ljcgt q hc gdgomjojrtheg}xtj mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo/ Ntglg|j j gdgomjoj wxh oj |ücj rxhmh gnhl}gt –g cj| mh |aherth#
|aoj g lxgcwxahtg# aolcxamj| cj| fakj| mh cg| lcg|h| |jlagch| ljo hch~gmg| hvrhl}g}a~g| q
rth}ho|ajoh| h|ljcgth|# ho rgt}alxcgt# cj| }áloalj| q herchgmj| mh lxhccj dcgolj# cg ~ahkg rhwxh÷g
dxtixh|åg# cg lcg|h lgra}gca|}g q fg|}g# ho ehojt ehmamg# cg lcg|h rtjnh|ajogc%mathl}a~g― &Nhtogomh{
Hoixa}g# E/0 Ehog Egt}åoh{# C/# q Ta~ahth Iüeh{# K/# 4272; 7=!/ Cg egioa}xm q cg hv}ho|aüo mhc
ntglg|j q hc gdgomjoj h|ljcgt cj ljo~aht}h ho xo itg~h rtjdcheg# rht|jogc q |jlagc# rhtj cg
lcgtå|aeg ljtthcglaüo ho}th ntglg|j*gdgomjoj q lgtgl}htå|}alg| |jlajhljoüealg| mh cg| ngeacag| mh
jtaiho# h|}j h| mh cj| rgmth|# rhtea}atåg fgdcgt mh xog –ljomhog g cg hvlcx|aüo― rjt tg{üo mh
oglaeaho}j wxh |ücj rxhmh |ht ljtthiamg# ljej ~hthej| gc naogc# |a }jmj| cj| giho}h| aercalgmj| |h
herh÷go q |h h|nxht{go rjt aixgcgt cg| |a}xglajoh| q cg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| qgcxeog|# ljo aomhrhomholag mh |x jtaiho |jlagc# mhc lgra}gc lxc}xtgc wxh fgo fhthmgmj# mh |x
choixg# oglajogcamgm j |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 34/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 35/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<4/ / / / / / / / / /
ljeûo# ljo hcheho}j| golh|}tgch| ljexoh|/ Q# mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j mhejltç}alj q mh mhthlfj|
fxegoj|# rgthlh h~amho}h wxh fhej| mh |xrhtgtcj ljokxo}geho}h/
Cg| ma~ht|g| egoanh|}glajoh| mh cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoglaüo q rjmht mh xoj| ljchl}a~j| |jdthj}tj| |jo }go rtaea}a~g| ljej oxh|}tg ehejtag ljchl}a~g/ Cj| ej}a~j| fgo amj |xlhmaáomj|h g cj
cgtij mh cg fa|}jtag# rhtj hc ej}jt mh h|}h nxolajogeaho}j |h ego}ahoh/ Ljolth}geho}h# cg hlcj|aüo
mh cg thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo mhc fjedth |jdth cg exkht mg}g mhc ^A eachoaj g/L/# ejeho}j ho wxh
grgthlho cj| rtaehtj| aomalaj| mhc ‖rg}tagtlgmj‑# ljo cg Hmgm mh cj| Eh}gch|# ljej xo ejmj mh
ljo}tjcgt q gl}xgt ho hc exomj wxh |xlhmh g cg htg eg}tagtlgc/
]jmj cj wxh mh|ltadaej| fjq ljej rg}tjoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm ho}th exkhth| q fjedth| fxomh |x|
tgålh| ho ác/ Q mh|mh ác |h hvrcalgo cg| maoçealg| eç| rj|}ejmhtog| wxh h|}gdchlho manhtholag|
holxdtahomj xog thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo# q oj mh manhtholag ljej }gc/ Hccj cch~g g wxh ho cg
gl}xgcamgm |h g}tadxqg ho oxehtj|g| jlg|ajoh| g cg manhtholag mh iáohtj cj wxh# |aercheho}h# |joohlh|amgmh| mh rjmht/ \h ljo|}txqh cg manhtholag |jdth cg mjeaoglaüo q# xog ~h{ ljo|}txamg# |h
ao}htajta{g fg|}g hc rxo}j mh wxh exlfg| exkhth| fgo lthåmj %q lthho fjq% wxh |jo aonhtajth| ho
lgrglamgmh|# maioamgm# mhthlfj| q jrjt}xoamgmh|/
Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh }gc thcglaüo mh rjmht |h gt}alxcg mh|mh cj| ma|}ao}j| rcgoj| mhc jtmho |jlagc#
aolcxqhomj; g! hc rcgoj |jlajlxc}xtgc &jtigoa{glaüo |jlagc# lj|}xedth|# ~gcjth|# chqh|!0 d! hc rcgoj
thcglajogc q ngeacagt &thrtjmxlahomj h|}g mjeaoglaüo g }tg~á| mh cg hvglhtdglaüo mh cg| manhtholag|
mh ihohtglaüo ho ihohtglaüo!# q0 l! hc rcgoj rht|jogc &mh|mh cg| gl}a}xmh| fglag hc j}tj# fg|}g cg
rtjrag amho}amgm# j hc ejmj ho wxh xog rht|jog |h ljo|amhtg g |å ea|eg ljej ‖dxhog‑ exkht j
‖dxho‑ fjedth!/
Gfjtg daho/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj wxh h| xog h~amholag wxh cg thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo fjedth%exkht h|
}tgo|lxc}xtgc# }gedaáo cj h| wxh oj ho }jmj| cj| egtlj| lxc}xtgch| |h fg mgmj cg ea|eg h~jcxlaüo
ho hwxamgm mh iáohtj/ Oa cj| ljo}hv}j|# oa cg| rj|adacamgmh|# oa cg| ohlh|amgmh|# oa cg|
jrjt}xoamgmh| fgo |amj cg| ea|eg|# rjt }go}j# }gerjlj fg |amj cj| ea|ej| cj| cjitj| gclgo{gmj|
ho cg| manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ Ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm gl}xgc ljhva|}ho q ljo~a~ho ma~ht|j| egtlj|
lxc}xtgch|/ Q# kxo}j ljo hccj|# ljo~a~ho manhtho}h| njteg| mh ljo|amhtgt cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/
Fgq xo rg}tüo aercåla}j wxh njteg rgt}h mh h|h ~h|}aiaj rth|ho}h ho lgmg lj|ej~a|aüo lxc}xtgc# wxh
h|}gdchlh cj wxh h| h|rhtgdch# cj ehkjt ~gcjtgmj |jlagceho}h ho lxgo}j g mhthlfj|# rj|adacamgmh| qegoanh|}glajoh| mh exkhth| q fjedth|/
Q ljej |jlahmgm rcxtgc# h| chiå}aej wxh hva|}go ma~ht|j| ejmj| mh ho}homht cg| thcglajoh| q cg|
njteg| mh ljerjt}geaho}j/ Gfjtg daho# hva|}h xog á}alg mh eåoaej| wxh ho }jmg |jlahmgm fg mh
th|rh}gt|h rgtg wxh cg ljo~a~holag q cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc |hg rj|adch &Ljt}aog# 711=!/ Ho oxh|}tj
lg|j# h| cg Mhlcgtglaüo mh cj| Mhthlfj| Fxegoj| hc egtlj á}alj mh eåoaej| wxh fg mh th|rh}gt|h
mh rgt}h mh }jmg cg laxmgmgoåg# rtjlhmg mh mjomh rtjlhmg q |hg lxgc |hg |x |a}xglaüo
gmeaoa|}tg}a~g/ Q rxhmh |ht ma|lx}adch hc ejmj ho wxh malfj egtlj h| xo rcgo}hgeaho}j wxh |ücj
thrth|ho}g g Jllamho}h q wxh mhdhtåg ho}tgt ho maçcjij ljo j}tg| |ho|adacamgmh| lxc}xtgch| ho |x|
njtexcglajoh| q rj|adacamgmh|/ Rhtj# mh ngl}j q mh ejeho}j# h| cj eç| ~gcaj|j ljo cj wxhljo}gej| ljej dg|h mh cg rtj}hllaüo mh lxgcwxaht rht|jog ho xo H|}gmj mhejltç}alj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 36/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC <</ / / / / / / / /
Mh|mh h|}h egtlj kxtåmalj q á}alj# q ho cj ljolth}j# mh|mh hc mhthlfj mh cadht}gm h aixgcmgm >}/7
Mhlcgtglaüo Xoa~ht|gc!# h| mh|mh mjomh rjmhej| aoalagt hc maçcjij ao}htlxc}xtgc |jdth wxá
ma~ht|amgm mh njteg| mh thcglaüo fjedth%exkht |jo rj|adch| ho xog |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg h
aixgca}gtag/ \h mhmxlh mh }gc rcgo}hgeaho}j wxh |jo njteg| chiå}aeg| gwxhccg| wxh |h gljiho gcrtaolaraj xoa~ht|gc mh aixgcmgm mh mhthlfj| q jrjt}xoamgmh| ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|/ Q gwxhccg|
wxh |h hcaiho cadtheho}h/
Th|rhl}j g cg cadht}gm mh hchllaüo# h| ljerchkj rjmht mh}hteaogt fg|}g wxá rxo}j xog njteg mh
~amg j mh thcglaüo h| cadtheho}h hchiamg/ Ho cg| thcglajoh| fa|}ütalgeho}h h|}gdchlamg| ljej
mh|aixgch|# malfg mh|aixgcmgm |h ojtegca{g# rjt cj wxh# ho exlfj| lg|j|# cg| rht|jog| wxh ~a~ho
cg mh|aixgcmgm cg g|xeho ljej ‖ojtegc‑ j ‖rtjrag mh |x ljomalaüo‑/ H|}h ehlgoa|ej mh jrth|aüo
ao}htajta{gmg h|}ç rth|ho}h ho exlfj| ütmhoh| mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| |jlagch|# ho h|}h lg|j# |h mg
mh xo ejmj h|rhlagceho}h thch~go}h ho cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/ Lxgomj xog exkht g|xeh wxh#
rjt hc fhlfj mh |htcj# }ahoh ehoj| mhthlfj| x jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh xo fjedth# rjt hc fhlfj mh|htcj# h|}gej| go}h xo lg|j mh jrth|aüo ao}htajta{gmg/
H| h~amho}h wxh ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm hva|}ho eûc}arch| njteg| mh mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj/ Q h|
jd~aj wxh cg| rht|jog| wxh rtjlhmho mh j}tg| }tgmalajoh| lxc}xtgch| }gedaáo thrtjmxlho cj|
rg}tjoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj rtjrag| mh |x| cxigth| mh thnhtholag# gc ehoj|# ho xo rtaeht
ejeho}j/ Hccj njteg rgt}h mh h|}h ~h|}aiaj }tgo|lxc}xtgc ljeûo/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|# mh fhlfj#
mh|mh hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j# |h kx{ig ljej manhtholag ‖lxc}xtgc‑ cj wxh h| xog egoanh|}glaüo mh
ma|ltaeaoglaüo mh cg exkht/ H| mhlat# |h |jdth%x}aca{g cg g}tadxlaüo lxc}xtgc rgtg mh|ltadat cj wxh oj
~hej| ljej ‖glhr}gdch‑ ho }áteaoj| mh thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/ G|å# hvrth|ajoh| ljej ‖lxc}xtg
eglfa|}g‑ oj |htågo }áloalgeho}h ljtthl}g|# mgmj wxh hc gmkh}a~j ‖eglfa|}g‑ oj mh|ltadh g xog
lxc}xtg ljolth}g |aoj g cg dg|h ljeûo mh }jmg| hccg|/
Go}h cg| eûc}arch| egoanh|}glajoh| mh cg mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj ho cj| manhtho}h| egtlj| lxc}xtgch|
cg ehkjt th|rxh|}g rgthlh |ht hc }tgdgkj ljokxo}j rgtg mh|dgolgt mhnaoa}a~g q rtjith|a~geho}h xog
cgltg ljeûo# gwxhccg| njteg| mh thcglaüo wxh jrtaeho# ho manhtho}h| itgmj| h ao}ho|amgm# g xog|
rht|jog| th|rhl}j mh j}tg|# g cg egqjtåg mh cg| exkhth| |jdth cg egqjtåg mh cj| fjedth|/ \ao mxmg#
hc rtaeht rg|j rgtg rj|adaca}gt xog| thcglajoh| cadth| q hwxa}g}a~g| ho xog |jlahmgm h| cg }jeg mh
ljo|laholag mh wxh hccj h|}ç |xlhmahomj/
Rhtj# rgtg wxh hccj |hg rj|adch# g |x ~h{# h| ohlh|gtaj rgt}at mhc ~gcjt aoohigdch mh lgmg egtlj lxc}xtgc/
Lgmg lxc}xtg }ahoh xog| njt}gch{g| q xoj| cåea}h|# q thgca{g xog| grjt}glajoh| g cg |jlahmgm# mhc ea|ej
ejmj wxh mhdh th~a|gt# g cg cx{ mh cg| j}tg|# gwxhccg| }gthg| rhomaho}h| mh egqjt egioa}xm# rgtg
holjo}tgt hc ehkjt ejmj mh }tgo|njtegtcg|/ Mgmj wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj h| xog thgcamgm wxh# |ao
|ht lxc}xtgc# h|}ç åo}aegeho}h caigmg g hccg# rgthlh lcgtj wxh xog mh cg| rtaolargch| }gthg| ljexoh| mh cg|
manhtho}h| lj|ej~a|ajoh| lxc}xtgch| rth|ho}h| ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# rg|g rjt hc maçcjij q cg ljo|hlxlaüo
mh xog| njteg| mh thcglaüo ho}th fjedth| q exkhth| eç| kx|}g| h aixgca}gtag|/
Cg hmxlglaüo |h }jtog# rgtg hccj# ho xog fhttgeaho}g nxomgeho}gc/ Hc ljo}hv}j hmxlg}a~j njtegc h
aonjtegc rxhmh ljo~ht}at|h ho xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj q maçcjij rgtg h|}g }jeg mh ljo|laholagrtjith|a~g# rgtg hc maçcjij# cg ohijlaglaüo# q hc }tgdgkj ljokxo}j ho rtj mh xog| thcglajoh| q xog
|jlahmgm eç| gteüoalg| q mhejltç}alg|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 37/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 38/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC <8/ / / / / / / / /
|xrjoh goxcgt h|}g| manhtholag|=# |aoj thljojlhtcg| mh|mh cg ljercheho}gtahmgm q# mh|mh hccg|#
ljo|}txat ljomalajoh| hwxa}g}a~g|/ Hwxamgm# rjt }go}j# fgdcg mh aixgcmgm mh|mh cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| h
amaj|aoltg|ag| mh lgmg |ht# fjedth j exkht/ G|å# hmxlgt oj |ücj mhdh }tg}gt mh ho|h÷gt g thrtjmxlat
cj wxh qg |gdhej| mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q fhej| h|}gdchlamj ljej ‖dxhoj‑ j ‖egcj‑/ Hmxlgtmhdhtåg |ht |aoüoaej mh hvrcjtgt oxh~g| rj|adacamgmh| mhc |ht# exkht q fjedth# ljo hc fjta{jo}h mh
egvaea{gt oxh|}tj| rj}holagch| q ~a~at mh egohtg eç| åo}hitg q ljerch}g/
Cg hvrcjtglaüo mh oxh~g| rj|adacamgmh| mh |ht thwxahth njeho}gt oxh~g| amho}amgmh|; oxh~g|
amho}amgmh| mh iáohtj# lxc}xtgch|# thcaiaj|g|# laxmgmgog|… Q hccj aercalg }tgdgkgt ljo hc exomj
hejlajogc ho |x h|}gmj eç| rxtj/ \a daho cg| hejlajoh| dç|alg| |jo }tgo|lxc}xtgch|# h| mhlat#
hva|}ho hejlajoh| ljexoh| ho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg|# cg njteg| mh hvrth|gtcg| h|}ço ehmagmg| rjt hc
ljo}hv}j |jlajlxc}xtgc ho wxh |h mh|gttjccgo/ G|aea|ej# cg| hejlajoh| |hlxomgtag|# gwxhccg| wxh
ljo|}a}xqho itgo rgt}h mh oxh|}tj ejmj mh h|}gt ho hc exomj &~htióho{g# lxcrgdacamgm# |jtrth|g#
gejt j g~ht|aüo!/ Hc ejmj mh hvrth|gtcg| q mh amho}analgtoj| ljo hccg| mhrhomhtç# ljo exlfj# mhcljo}hv}j ho wxh lgmg rht|jog |h mh|gttjcch/
]tgmalajogceho}h |h fg ~aolxcgmj cg amho}amgm nhehoaog ljo xo ejmj mh fglht q mh |ht; |xea|aüo#
|ht~alaj q lxamgmj fgo |amj }th| rgcgdtg| lcg~h rgtg ljo|amhtgt |jlagceho}h ‖daho ~gcjtgmg‑ g xog
exkht/ Th|rhl}j gc fjedth# ‖h|}gt g cg gc}xtg‑# rjmht q gx}j|xnalaholag |jo cg| lcg~h| dç|alg| |jdth cg|
wxh |h g|aho}g |x amho}amgm/ Gedg| |jo ejcmhgmg| |jlagceho}h rjt rgtçeh}tj| ljo|jcamgmj|# ljej
qg |h fg |h÷gcgmj# ho hc rg}tagtlgmj/ Mh|mh h|}j| rcgo}hgeaho}j|# cg| hvrth|ajoh| hejlajogch| mh
lxcrgdacamgm# }ta|}h{g q }htoxtg |jo thnjt{gmg| q rhtea}amg| rgtg cg| exkhth|/ Eaho}tg| wxh cg hvrth|aüo
mh cg tgdag# cg lxcrgdaca{glaüo mhc j}tj q cg |xrhtajtamgm mh |å ea|ej |jo rg}tjoh| hejlajogch|
thnjt{gmj| rgtg cg egqjtåg mh cj| fjedth|/ Hccj ~g ejcmhgomj njteg| mh |ht# mh amho}analgt|h/ Q# ljo
hccj# |h ~g howxa|}gomj xo |a|}heg mh mh|aixgcmgm wxh |h rhtrh}ûg/ Cg ao}htajta{glaüo mh cg ljomalaüo
mh aonhtajtamgm# mh rgt}h mh xog|# kxo}j ljo cg ao}htajta{glaüo mh cg ljomalaüo mh |xrhtajtamgm# rjt rgt}h
mh j}tj|# nthogo %ho cg ea|eg mathllaüo% hc g~golh ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm/
Malfj g~golh rg|g# |ao mxmg# rjt }tgdgkgt xo ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo eç| ao}hitgc# wxh |a}ûh hc
exomj hejlajogc ljej xo racgt dç|alj# ljej cj h|# mh ngl}j# hc ljioa}a~j/ Cg hmxlglaüo
hvlcx|a~geho}h ljioa}a~g rgthlh fgdht cchigmj g |x }hlfj; oj h| ohlh|gtaj mgt mg}j| mh ntglg|j
h|ljcgt rgtg ljojlht hc ejmj ho wxh cg hmxlglaüo ego}hoamg mh|mh fglh málgmg| h aolcx|j |aicj|
mhkg mh mgt th|rxh|}g g cj| rtaolargch| th}j| mh oxh|}tj ejeho}j fa|}ütalj/ Cg hmxlglaüohejlajogc |h ljo~aht}h ho xo ao|}txeho}j rta~achiagmj rgtg mgt th|rxh|}g g gcixoj| mh cj|
rtaolargch| th}j| hmxlg}a~j| gl}xgch|; hc áva}j h|ljcgt q cg aixgcmgm/ Q h|}g aixgcmgm# ho hc ljo}hv}j
hmxlg}a~j h|ljcgt# rg|g# g |x ~h{# gc ehoj| rjt mj| maeho|ajoh|; g! cg aixgc ~gcjtglaüo q
ljo|amhtglaüo ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|# oa÷g| q oa÷j|# q d! cg aixgc ~gcjtglaüo q ljo|amhtglaüo ho}th
rht|jog| wxh rtjlhmho mh manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ G|å# áva}j h|ljcgt# ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q hwxamgm mh
iáohtj |h ljo~aht}ho ho }th| jdkh}a~j| nxomgeho}gch| mh cg oxh~g hmxlglaüo/ Oj rxhmh
= Ljej |h fg }homamj g fglht ho h|}g| ûc}aeg| málgmg| ho gcixoj| ljo}hv}j| ljej hc hxtjrhj/
Hccj rxhmh jd|ht~gt|h ho hc çeda}j cgdjtgc# mjomh cg| exkhth| fgo |amj |x}aceho}h eç| ~gcjtgmg|
ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h fgo ejcmhgmj g |å ea|eg| rgtg hkhtlht h|}acj| }tgmalajogceho}heg|lxcaoj| &mathl}a~j# gx}jta}gtaj# rthmjeaogo}heho}h tglajogc q h|lg|geho}h hejlajogc!/ J ho
cg ejmg# mjomh fg amj ljo|jcamçomj|h xo rg}tüo amhgc mh exkht lgmg ~h{ eç| gomtüiaoj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 39/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<>/ / / / / / / / /
rth}homht|h ljo|hixat xog mh hccg| |ao cg| j}tg|# rxh|}j wxh |jo thgcamgmh| ao}htmhrhomaho}h|/ Eç|
gûo lxgomj rgthlh lcgtj wxh h|}gej| go}h xog lta|a|# }gedaáo# mh ~gcjth| |jlagch| q lxc}xtgch|/
–Cg lxc}xtg hejlajogc wxh lgtgl}hta{g oxh|}tg |jlahmgm gl}xgc exh|}tg |åo}jeg| mh lta|a|/Hc glj|j ejtgc q r|aljcüialj# hc |åomtjeh mhc rtjnh|jt wxhegmj# cg ~ajcholag ho}th
aixgch|… h}l/# |jo gcixog| mh |x| egoanh|}glajoh|/ Cg ~ajcholag mh iáohtj |h ~a|xgca{g g
}tg~á| mh gdtxegmjtg| h|}gmå|}alg| &…!/ Manhtho}h| ngl}jth| rgthlho h|}gt g|jlagmj|/ Xoj
mh hccj| h| hc lgedaj mh ~gcjth| lxc}xtgch|/ Cj| ~gcjth| rtjrxh|}j| rjt hc rg}tagtlgmj qg oj
|at~ho q |x lxh|}ajogeaho}j mh|mh ma|}ao}g| ao|}golag| h| fjq xog thgcamgm &…!/ Rjt j}tj
cgmj# cg| }tgo|njteglajoh| ho cg h|}txl}xtg |jlagc# wxh gnhl}g rgt}alxcgteho}h g
ao|}a}xlajoh| ljej cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg# rcgo}hgo cg ohlh|amgm oxh~j| ~gcjth| lxc}xtgch|
mh cj| lxgch| cj| ejmhcj| mh eg|lxcaoamgm q nheaoamgm |jo |ücj xo hkhercj― &Thdjccj
422>; 476!/
Rgthlh wxh h|}g lta|a| thlcgeg xo lgedaj wxh gqxmh g thmhnaoat q th%fxegoa{gt oxh|}tj rtjqhl}j
|jlagc/ Xog rhlxcagtamgm g÷gmamg ho }jmj h|}h rtjlh|j h| wxh hc ljo}hv}j rgtg ljo|jcamgt cg|
oxh~g| amho}amgmh| oj h| ûoalj oa h|}ç mhnaoamj; cg ao}htgllaüo mh eûc}arch| egtlj| mh thnhtholag fg
mh |ht hc h|lhogtaj ho wxh }jmj hccj |h cch~h g lgdj/ Hc ljolhr}j mh egtlj ljeûo# h|}ç}alj q ûoalj#
ljej mgmjt mh |aioanalgmj|# ho h|}j| ejeho}j| mhkg mh }hoht ~aiholag q |ho}amj# cj wxh oj| cch~g g
cg ohlh|amgm mh rcgo}hgt oxh~g| rtjrxh|}g|/
Hc |aicj VV q hc ljo|hlxho}h mh|gttjccj }hlojcüialj fg }tgåmj ljo|aij xo lgedaj ho cg ljolhrlaüo
mhc |å ea|ej “mhc |hcn% rjt hc wxh hc |ho}amj mhc ‖qj‑# aoma~amxgc q gx}üojej# rg|g g ljo|amhtgt|h xo
qj thcglajogc# ljo eûc}arch| rj|adacamgmh| q ho ljo|}go}h lgedaj/ G|å# cg |jlahmgm ho wxh ~a~aej|#
rcxtgc q maoçealg# oj h| gkhog gc |ho}amj mhc |å ea|ej wxh }hohej| lgmg xoj mh cj| eahedtj| wxh
cg ljonjtegej|/ Rjmtågej| mhlat wxh oj h| lg|xgc; cg amho}amgm |h ljonaixtg g }tg~á| mh cg|
aoncxholag| |jlagch| wxh thladh# q g cg ~h{# h|}g |h ljo|}a}xqh ho ej}jt mh lgedaj |jlagc/ –Cg
amho}amgm rht|jogc h| cg ao}htajta{glaüo mh ~gcjth|# tjch|# amhg|# hvrhtaholag|# h}l/ Q h|}g| |h
ljo|}a}xqho g }tg~á| mh cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th aoma~amxj q |jlahmgm# ho xo maçcjij rhtegoho}h q ho
ljo|}go}h lgedaj― &Ljcç|# 422<0 ho Thdjccj# 422># r/444!/
Mh fhlfj# xog mh cg| lcg~h| mhc mh|gttjccj hejlajogc h amho}a}gtaj |jo ‖cj| j}tj| |aioanalg}a~j|‑# mgmj
wxh cg amho}amgm h| magcüialg# |h ljo|}txqh g }tg~á| mhc maçcjij ljo j}tj| &Dtxoht# 422>!/ Q |h ljo|}txqhg }tg~á| mh cj wxh cj| j}tj| oj| }tgo|ea}ho ljej mh|hgdch j oj# h|rhtgdch j oj# glhr}gdch j oj# ehkjt
j rhjt… H|# rxh|# ho h|g ljo|}txllaüo mh |aioanalgmj| ljergt}amj| mjomh |h ih|}g cg dg|h mh cg|
hejlajoh| |hlxomgtag| q# rjt homh# mh cg| amho}amgmh| |jlajlxc}xtgch| q mh iáohtj/
Hc }tgdgkj |jdth cg amho}amgm |h fg ljo~ht}amj ho xo }heg mh itgo ao}htá| ho hmxlglaüo/ Q hccj cch~g
g thrcgo}hgt# }gedaáo# lxçc h| |x rgrhc ho cg njteglaüo mh cg rht|jog/ \a cj| ljo}hv}j| eç|
thch~go}h| rgtg hccj |jo cg ngeacag q cg ao|}a}xlaüo hmxlg}a~g# h|}j|# g |x ~h{# thea}ho g mj| mh cj|
rcgoj| eç| thch~go}h| ho cg ljo|}a}xlaüo mh cg amho}amgm; hc rcgoj ao}htr|aljcüialj &wxaáo |jq qj ho
thcglaüo g cj| mheç|! q ho ao}tgr|aljcüialj &wxaáo |jq ho thcglaüo g eå ea|ej*g!/ Mh h|}h ejmj# xoj
mh cj| rtaolargch| th}j| gl}xgch| thea}h g xo }tgdgkj ljokxo}j ho}th h|lxhcg q ngeacag wxh rcgo}hhlgeaoj| ljexoh| q ljercheho}gtaj|# wxh ng~jth{lgo cg hehtiholag mh amho}amgmh| ljerchkg|#
rhtj ljo|jcamgmg| mh|mh xog| dg|h| ljexoh| q ljfhtho}h|/ Cg aoljerg}adacamgm mh rtaolaraj|#
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 40/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 41/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<6/ / / / / / / / /
rgt}h ljo cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| thgca{gmj| ho h|}h grgt}gmj |jdth hmxlglaüo hejlajogc#
ljo|}txllaüo mh cg rht|jog# rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| ‖j}tj|‑ |aioanalg}a~j|# aixgcmgm ho cg| manhtholag|#
fjta{jo}gcamgm# maçcjij ao}htlxc}xtgc q }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc8/
H| exlfj cj wxh h|}ç ho kxhij; oxh|}tj ejmhcj |jlagc q# ljo ác# oxh|}tj| fjta{jo}h| mh |ho}amj/ \a
lxc}xtg q lgedaj fgo amj mh cg egoj fa|}ütalgeho}h# rgthlh wxh ho h|}h ejeho}j gl}xgc |h oj|
rjoh mh thcah~h cg ohlh|amgm mh gl}xgca{gt h|g h|}thlfg thcglaüo# rhtmahomj cj| eahmj| q
g}th~aáomjoj| g ljokxigt cg| eûc}arch| rj|adacamgmh| wxh# ljej |jlahmgm q# eç| gûo# ljej
la~aca{glaüo# fjq rjmhej| ljo|}txat fglag xog |jlahmgm eç| kx|}g q hwxa}g}a~g/
8%% Ma~ht|amgmh| oj th|xhc}g|; cg amho}analglaüo thcaiaj|g ljej manhtholag
Oj fgq xog th|rxh|}g h~amho}h g cg rthixo}g rjt cg amho}amgm thcaiaj|g mh cg |jlahmgm ~gcholagog#
mho}tj mh cg |jlahmgm h|rg÷jcg/ H| manålac mgt xog th|rxh|}g ao}xa}a~g# aoehmag}g# g h|}g rthixo}g/ G
ehmagmj| mhc |aicj VV |å fgdåg xog th|rxh|}g h~amho}h; ^gcholag# ljej H|rg÷g# htg lg}ücalg/ Hc
lg}jcala|ej htg cg thcaiaüo jnalagc mhc H|}gmj ho hc táiaeho ntgowxa|}g# ljej cj fgdåg |amj go}h| ho cg
ejogtwxåg# nxhtg mh cj| rgtáo}h|a| mh cg Icjtaj|g q mh cg AA Thrûdcalg/ Cg aoeho|g egqjtåg mh
thnhtholag| lxc}xtgch| }hoågo xo }tg|njomj lg}ücalj/ Q fgdåg xo hch~gmå|aej rjtlho}gkh mh rjdcglaüo
wxh |h amho}analgdg ljej lg}ücalg# nxhtg rjt ljo~allaüo rht|jogc# rjt }tgmalaüo |jlajcüialg# rjt
rth|aüo |jlagc j dgkj laht}g ljgllaüo rjcå}alg/ H|}h nhoüehoj gclgo{gdg aolcx|j g cg|
egoanh|}glajoh| mh ma|amholag thcaiaj|g; go}alchtalgc# mh|lthåmg# gioü|}alg j mh cg| exq thmxlamg|
eaojtåg| thcaiaj|g|/
\h rxhmh dx|lgt xog th|rxh|}g g cg rthixo}g rjt cg amho}amgm thcaiaj|g ho cg jraoaüo rûdcalg/ G h|}h
th|rhl}j# |jo mh gqxmg cj| dgtüeh}tj| mhc LA\>/ Eamho cg jraoaüo rûdcalg mh cg |jlahmgm h|rg÷jcg
ho xo ejeho}j mgmj# g rgt}at mh exh|}tg| mh 4/822 rht|jog| hchiamg| gc g{gt mho}tj mhc }htta}jtaj
oglajogc/ Ho gcixog| jlg|ajoh| ao}tjmxlho mj| lxh|}ajoh| |jdth thcaiaüo; lüej |h mhnaoho cg|
rht|jog| holxh|}gmg| ho eg}htag thcaiaj|g# q ho}th wxahoh| |h mhnaoho ljej lg}ücalj| j lthqho}h|
mh j}tg| thcaiajoh|# ljo wxá nthlxholag g|a|}ho g ea|g j g jnalaj| thcaiaj|j| eç| gccç mh cg|
lhthejoag| ljo egqjt lgtçl}ht |jlagc &djmg|# ljexoajoh|# nxohtgch|!/ Ehthlh cg rhog ljergtgt
cg| th|rxh|}g| mgmg| ho cj| }th| ûc}aej| dgtüeh}tj| ma|rjoadch| lxgomj |h h|ltadho h|}g| cåohg|#ho oj~ahedth mh 4277;
8 Rgtg egqjt rtjnxoma{glaüo# ljo|xc}gt; f}}r;**yyy/ljexoamgmh|mhgrthoma{gkh/oh}* > Gllh|adch| ho; f}}r;**yyy/la|/h|*la|*jrhole*H\*77Zdgtjeh}tj|*aomhv/k|r
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 42/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 43/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=2/ / / / / / / / /
Hc choixgkh mh cj| dgtüeh}tj| mhc LA\ thnchkg xo laht}j itgmj mh ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g/ Q g cg ~h{
thea}h g xo }tg|njomj caoióå|}alj q lxc}xtgc lg}ücalj/ Hccj |h h~amholag rjt cg ea|eg ljcjlglaüo mh cg
jrlaüo –lg}ücalj*g― ljej rtaehtg th|rxh|}g/ Q |h fglh eç| rg}ho}h ho cg h|}txl}xtg mh cg |hixomg
lxh|}aüo# thnhtamg rtaegtageho}h g cg ea|g &lg}ücalg%tjegog mh ta}j cg}aoj# ojtegceho}h |hiûo hcta}xgc tjegoj q hvlhrlajogceho}h |hiûo hc ta}xgc fa|rçoalj0 cg rjdcglaüo ithlj%lg}ücalg ho H|rg÷g
h|}ç ljo|}a}xamg rjt gcixoj| th|amho}h| xltgoagoj| q txegoj|!/ \ücj ho |hixomj cxigt |h thnahth g
–j}tj| jnalaj| thcaiaj|j|―# rth|xrjoaáomjcj| lta|}agoj| gc thnhtat|h g –}jmj| cj| mjeaoij| q
nh|}a~j|―/ Cj| dgtüeh}tj| mhc LA\ thnchkgo nxomgeho}gceho}h xog |jlahmgm ma~ht|g rjt hc ejmj mh
rj|alajogt|h go}h cg thcaiaüo; ljej lthqho}h &lg}ücalj j mh j}tg thcaiaüo!# oj lthqho}h &ljej
aomanhtho}h# gchkgmj# gioü|}alj! j g}hj/ Lxgomj |h }tg}g mh cg ma~ht|amgm mh ljonh|ajoh| j
}tgmalajoh| thcaiaj|g|# grhog| mhkg ~a|cxedtgt wxh h| exq eaojta}gtag ho cg |jlahmgm &ehoj| mh xo
<(!/ \ao hedgtij# lxgomj |h glxmh g xog nxho}h ljej hc Thia|}tj mh Ho}amgmh| Thcaiaj|g| mhc
Eaoa|}htaj mh Kx|}alag9# g cj| mathl}jtaj| mhc Jd|ht~g}jtaj mhc Rcxtgca|ej Thcaiaj|j ho H|rg÷g6 j g
cj| mathl}jtaj| q egrg| mh eaojtåg| thcaiaj|g| ho cg Ljexoa}g} ^gcholagog rxdcalgmj| rjtLhaEaitg1# lgedag cg rht|rhl}a~g |jdth cg ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g/ ^gcig cg |aixaho}h lcg|analglaüo mh
}tgmalajoh|# ljonh|ajoh|# mhojeaoglajoh|… thcaiaj|g| ljo ho}amgmh| thia|}tgmg|;
7/ Lta|}agoj|;
7/7/ Lg}ücalj%tjegoj|; cg}aoj| &itxrj egqjta}gtaj! q ithlj%lg}ücalj| &xltgoagoj| q txegoj|!
7/4/ Jt}jmjvj|/ Rg}tagtlgmj| mh; Txegoåg# Ej|lû q }jmg Tx|ag# Dxcigtag# Hlxeáoalj mh Ljo|}go}aojrcg#
\htdag &rtj}hl}jt mh cg Aich|ag Jt}jmjvg H|rg÷jcg!
7/</ Ljexoaüo goicalgog; lgrhccgoåg| mh cg Aich|ag mh Aoicg}httg# h Aich|ag H|rg÷jcg Thnjtegmg Hra|ljrgc
&AHTH!
7/=/ Rtj}h|}go}h|; cx}htgoj| &lgrhccgoåg| mh Aich|ag| oglajogch| |xhlg# ojtxhig# gchegog…!# thnjtegmj|
&lgc~aoa|}g| fjcgomh|h|!# Aich|ag H~goiácalg H|rg÷jcg &mh }tgmalaüo thnjtegmg# rth|da}htagog q
eh}jma|}g!/
7/8/ H~goiácalj|; dgx}a|}g|# aomhrhomaho}h|# G|gedchg| mh Fhtegoj|# ehojoa}g|# Hkátla}j mh \gc~glaüo#
lgta|eç}alj|# ao}htmhojeaoglajogch|# rho}hlj|}gch| &ho}th cj| wxh mh|}glgo cg Aich|ag H~goiácalg
Nacgmhcnag# cg| G|gedchg| mh Maj|# q wxh |h ma~amho ho xo |aooûehtj mh Aich|ag| aomhrhomaho}h|!# j}tj|
h~goiácalj|# eh|açoalj|…
7/>/ J}tj| lta|}agoj|; Aich|ag Oxh~g Grj|}ücalg…
4/ Aich|ag| ljo amho}amgm lta|}agog oj thljojlamg rjt }jmg| cg| Aich|ag|;
4/7/ Aich|ag Lta|}agog Gm~ho}a|}g4/4/ ]h|}aij| Lta|}agoj| mh Khfj~ç
4/</ Aich|ag mh Kh|xlta|}j mh cj| \go}j| mh cj| Ûc}aej| Måg|
4/=/ J}tj|; ljexoamgmh| go}tjrj|ünalg|# Chl}jtaxe Tj|gltxlagoxe# h}l/
</ Kxmgå|ej; jt}jmjvj# eg|jt}å &ljo|ht~gmjt!///
=/ A|cge;
=/7/ \xooå &ljo ljttaho}h| mjl}taogch| q h|rata}xgch| exq ma~ht|g|!
=/4/ Lfaå
=/</ Ljexoamgm Gfegmåg mhc A|cge &amho}amgm a|cçealg rxh|}g ho lxh|}aüo rjt |xoåh| q lfaåh|!/
9
Gllh|adch ho; f}}r;**mitgk/ekx/h|*Ho}amgmh|Thcaiaj|g|* 6 Gllh|adch| ho; f}}r;**yyy/jd|ht~g}jtajthcaiajo/h|* 1 Gllh|adch| ho; f}}r;**yyy/lhaeaitg/oh}*aomhv/rfr*h|rglaj%ao}htthcaiaj|j*rxdcalglajoh|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 44/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 45/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=4/ / / / / / / / /
Ljo|}a}xlaüo mh 7196 |xrjoh xo rg|j gmhcgo}h ho cg ih|}glaüo mh xo táiaeho nxomgmj ho cg
igtgo}åg mh cg cadht}gm amhjcüialg# thcaiaj|g q mh lxc}j# ljej xoj mh cj| mhthlfj| nxomgeho}gch|# q
ho hc th|rh}j mhc rcxtgca|ej/ Wxh g|å |hg# mhrhomh ho itgo ehmamg mhc ejmj ljej |h ih|}ajoho
cj| h|rglaj| mh th|rh}j ho}th wxahoh| rtjnh|go amhjcjiåg| q lthholag| thcaiaj|g| ma~ht|g|# q lüej|h glaht}h ho hc maçcjij rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog |jlahmgm ljeûo/
Lgdh rthixo}gt|h rjt cg ljo}tadxlaüo mh cg hmxlglaüo ho hc herh÷j rjt cg ljo~a~holag ho xog
|jlahmgm rcxtgc mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g thcaiaj|j/ Wxa{ç# xog mh cg| rtaehtg| }gthg| wxh rjmtåg
rhmåt|hch h| xog chl}xtg oj egoawxhg mh cg fa|}jtag# }gc wxh gqxmh g |xrhtgt cg| }üralg| mj|
H|rg÷g|/
Fgq xog chl}xtg mh cg fa|}jtag wxh mh|}glg cg njtkg mh xog amho}amgm h|rg÷jcg g rgt}at mh cg Aich|ag
lg}ücalg lxgomj |h mh|ljerjoh hc Aerhtaj Tjegoj q |h njteg xog ejogtwxåg ~a|aiü}alg ho
Fa|rgoag/ Ho h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# hc AAA ljolacaj mh ]jchmj h| xo fa}j egqjt# rxh|}j wxh cg ljo~ht|aüomh Thlgthmj mhc gttagoa|ej gc lg}jcala|ej aercalg cg xoamgm thcaiaj|g ho}th fa|rgoj%tjegoj| q
~a|aijmj|/ Fglahomj gd|}tgllaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo kxmåg# aercalgtåg cg xoamgm lg}ücalg mh }jmg cg
|jlahmgm fa|rçoalg/ Ho h|}g chl}xtg mh cg fa|}jtag# cg amho}amgm mh Fa|rgoag |h ~aj tj}g rjt cg
ao~g|aüo mh ]gta` q Ex{g# cg lgåmg mhc ûc}aej thq ijmj# cg a|cgea{glaüo mh xog rgt}h aerjt}go}h mh cg
|jlahmgm q mh cg| h|}txl}xtg| rjcå}alg|/ Cg Thljowxa|}g |h ljoladaü ljej xo ej~aeaho}j mh
th|}gxtglaüo mh cg amho}amgm thcaiaj|g# |jlagc q rjcå}alg rhtmamg/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj |h kx|}analgtjo cg|
|xlh|a~g| hvrxc|ajoh| mh kxmåj| q ejta|lj|# xog ~h{ naogca{gmg cg thljowxa|}g/ Mh|mh h|}g
rht|rhl}a~g |h kx|}analg aixgceho}h hc h|}gdchlaeaho}j mhc ]tadxogc mhc \go}j Jnalaj mh cg Aowxa|alaüo#
ljej ehmaj mh ljo}tjc rjcå}alj%hlch|aç|}alj mh cg jt}jmjvag lg}ücalg# ntho}h g kxmga{go}h|#
rtj}h|}go}h|# gcxedtgmj|# q j}tj| låtlxcj| ma|amho}h|/ Aixgceho}h |h kx|}analgtjo cj| h|}g}x}j| mh
caerah{g mh |goith# hvrth|aüo kxtåmalg mh cg aowxaog |jlagc ntho}h g cj| mh|lhomaho}h| mh kxmåj| q
ex|xcegoh| ljo~ht|j| gc lg}jcala|ej/ H|}g rj|}xtg kx{ig cg Acx|}tglaüo# hc cadhtgca|ej# cg
mhejltglag rjcå}alg# hc gogtwxa|ej# hc |jlagca|ej# hc ljexoa|ej# hc `tgx|a|ej# cg eg|johtåg… q
j}tg| egoanh|}glajoh| mh rcxtgcamgm mh rho|geaho}j q mh cadht}gm amhjcüialg%thcaiaj|g ljej j}tj|
}go}j| g}ho}gmj| ljo}tg cg xoamgm h|holagc mh H|rg÷g &}gc ljej ljoladho h|}g amhg!/
Fgq j}tg chl}xtg mh cg fa|}jtag wxh ljomhog cg rth}ho|aüo lg}ücalg mh ljonaixtgt cg amho}amgm mh cg
|jlahmgm h|rg÷jcg/ Ho |x eatgmg |jdth cg }tgo|alaüo ho}th hc dgkj Aerhtaj Tjegoj q cg ejogtwxåg
ijmg# tha~aomalg cj| ej~aeaho}j| thcaiaj|j| jrxh|}j| g cg jt}jmjvag lg}ücalg# ljej cg| go}aixg|fhthkåg| rta|lacagoa|}g q gttagog |jdth cg| wxh }taxonü hc lg}jcala|ej/ Eç| wxh tha~aomalgt cg ao~g|aüo
mh ]gta` q Ex{g# hvgc}g Gc%Çomgcx| ljej |jlahmgm lxc}xtgceho}h rcxtgc# thnaogmg q rjcå}algeho}h
}jchtgo}h/ Mhoxh|}g cg thljowxa|}g lta|}agog ljej thith|aüo g njteg| lxc}xtgch| txmg| q gc
j|lxtgo}a|ej thcaiaj|j/ Ljomhog cg| hvrxc|ajoh| mh kxmåj| q ejta|lj| q cg rht|hlxlaüo aowxa|a}jtagc
mh ngc|j| ljo~ht|j| q fhthkh|/ Rg|g rjt gc}j cg| egqjth| ljo}tadxlajoh| ca}htgtag| mh eå|}alj| q
}hücjij|# }gedaáo ho }htthoj| ljej hc Mhthlfj ao}htoglajogc/ \gcxmg cg Acx|}tglaüo# hc cadhtgca|ej#
cg mhejltglag rjcå}alg# hc gogtwxa|ej# hc |jlagca|ej# hc ljexoa|ej# hc `tgx|a|ej# hc
rtj}h|}go}a|ej# cg eg|johtåg… ljej gc}htog}a~g| rjcå}alj%lxc}xtgc g cg amho}amgm lg}ücalg/ Grcgxmh
hc ljedg}h cadhtgc q thrxdcalgoj ljo}tg hc rh|j mh cg| ljoithiglajoh| thcaiaj|g|# h|rhlagceho}h ho
cg hmxlglaüo/ Q ch~go}g |x ~j{ rgtg wxh hc H|}gmj mhoxolah cj| glxhtmj| nategmj| ljo cg \go}g\hmh# ho thrth|ho}glaüo mh cg Aich|ag Lg}ücalg# q rgtg wxh cg| egoanh|}glajoh| thcaiaj|g| oj }hoigo
lgdamg ho cg h|nhtg rûdcalg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 46/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 47/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 48/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 49/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=>/ / / / / / / / /
%% LHR\ &7118!/ Cg Aich|ag q cj| rjdth|/ Egmtam/ Ljonhtholag Hra|ljrgc H|rg÷jcg/
%% Ljoacc# Kh|û| &4224!/ Icj|gtaj rgtg xog |jlahmgm ao}htlxc}xtgc / gcholag/ Dgolgkg/
%% Ljt}aog# Gmhcg &711=!/ Á}alg eåoaeg/ Ao}tjmxllaüo g cg nacj|jnåg rtçl}alg/ Egmtam; Gogqg/
%% HMA\ &7118!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho cg Ljexoamgm gcholagog/ Egmtam/Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% HMA\ q j}tj| &7116!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/
Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% HMA\ q j}tj| &7111!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g
}htta}jtagc/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Nhtogomh{ Hoixa}g# E/0 Ehog Egt}åoh{# C/# q Ta~ahth Iüeh{# K/ &4272!/ Ntglg|j q gdgomjoj h|ljcgt
ho H|rg÷g# Ljchllaüo mh H|}xmaj| \jlagch|# o» 41/ Dgtlhcjog; Nxomglaüo Cg Lgavg/ Rçi/ 7=/
%% Nhttgmg# Mjog}acg q Nchlfg# Tgeüo &4226!/ Hc ejmhcj magcüialj mh cg rhmgijiåg; xo grjt}h mh|mh
cg| hvrhtaholag| mh ljexoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh/ Ho; H|}xmaj| Rhmgiüialj|# 7; =7%>7/
Ma|rjoadch ho f}}r;**yyy/|lahcj/lc*rmn*h|}rhm*~<=o7*gt}2</rmn%% Igtlåg Cürh{# Tgnghcg &422<!/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej th|rxh|}g; rtaolaraj|# jdkh}a~j| q
rtjrxh|}g| mh nx}xtj/ Ho; \gch|# Gxvacagmjtg q Igtlåg Cürh{# Tgnghcg/ Rtjitgeg| mh hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc/ R =4%></ Dacdgj/ Mh|lcáh mh Dtjxyht/
%% Ixomgtg# Kgima|f \/ &711<!/ Ma~ht|amgm |jlagc# hmxlglaüo h ao}hitglaüo hxtjrhg/ Ho Th~a|}g mh
Hmxlglaüo# <24/
%% A{wxahtmj# Go}joaj &4221!/ Hc ejmhcj mh aoeaitglaüo q cj| tah|ij| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Egmtam/
Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Kgta{# Ihteço &4272!/ Gl}xgt go}h cg hvlcx|aüo; goçca|a|# rjcå}alg| q fhttgeaho}g| rgtg cg aolcx|aüo
|jlagc / Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &4226!/ Rtjlh|j| mh hvlcx|aüo h a}aohtgtaj| mh ao|htlaüo/
Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &Ljjtm|/! &4226!/ Hvlcx|aüo |jlagc ho H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/
Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &4272!/ Hc rtaeht aergl}j mh cg lta|a| ho cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc ho
H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% Ch^jq# Ealfhch# q ^htdtxiiho# Ohch &4228!/ Mah{ egohtg| mh rtj}hiht g cj| }tgdgkgmjth|
aoeaitgo}h| ho |a}xglaüo atthixcgt / Dtx|hcg|/ RALXE/
%% Egmtxig# A|gdhc# q Ej}g# Tj|gcåg &7111!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cj| fjigth| rjdth|
holgdh{gmj| rjt xog exkht/Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/%% Egtmjoh|# Kj|á Egtåg &7119!/ Mh|gnåj| rgtg thlthgt cg h|lxhcg/ Egmtam/ RRL/
%% Ehchtj gcmá|# Cxa|g &ljjtm/! &4272!/ Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo
r|alj|jlagc ljo rht|jog| eaitgo}h|/ gcholag/ LhaEaitg/
%% Rgcglaj| Iac# Kxgo &4228!/ Hc ltxlaitgeg/ Th}j| h amhg| rgtg mh|grthomht g rho|gt / Egmtam/
Hmalajoh| Måg{ mh \go}j|/
%% Thdjccj# E« Çoihch| &422>!/ Hejlajoh|# iáohtj h amho}amgm; cg hmxlglaüo |ho}aeho}gc/ Ho; Thdjccj#
E« Çoihch| &ljjtm/!/ Iáohtj h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; Hmxlgt rgtg cg aixgcmgm/ Egmtam/ Cg Extgccg/
%% Thdjccj# E« Çoihch|# q Igtlåg Ráth{# Tgnghc &4277# Egqj%Gij|}j!/ Magioü|}alj mh cg lxc}xtg mh
iáohtj ho hmxlglaüo; cg| gl}a}xmh| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj fglag cg aixgcmgm/ Ho; Th~a|}g mh Hmxlglaüo#
<88/ R 847%8=>/%% Thoh|# ål}jt &7117!/ Cxlfgt ljo}tg cg rjdth{g fjq / Egmtam/ FJGL/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 50/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC =9/ / / / / / / / /
%% \çolfh{ mh Fjtlgkj# Kxgo Kj|á &7117!/ H|lxhcg# |a|}heg q |jlahmgm/ Ao~a}glaüo g cg |jlajcjiåg mh
cg hmxlglaüo/ Egmtam/ Cadht}gtag|%Rtjmfxna/
%% ]jt}j|g# Kj|á Egtåg &Ljjtm/! &4224!/ Exkhth| rjdth|/ Aomalgmjth| mh herjdthlaeaho}j ho cg
H|rg÷g mh fjq/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/%% ^amgc# Nhtogomj &4221!/ Rgo q tj|g|/ Nxomgeho}j| mh hvlcx|aüo |jlagc q herjmhtgeaho}j/
Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% ^amgc# Nhtogomj# q Egt}åoh{# Kxcaj &422>!/ Thcaiaüo h ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|/ Cg
rtxhdg mhc çoihc / gcholag/ Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/
%% ^amgc# Nhtogomj# q Thoh|# ^ål}jt &4229!/ Cg gihomg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo ho hvlcx|aüo q mh|gttjccj
|jlagc/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
%% accgcüo# Kxgo Kj|á &4229!/ Amho}amgmh| |jlagch| q hvlcx|aüo/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/
GRTHOG \HTAIXGCH
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 51/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 52/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 53/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/82/ / / / / / / / /
4%% Rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh rgt}amg
Rgtg rcgo}hgt gmhlxgmgeho}h hc mhdg}h ho }jtoj gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# q rgtg g~go{gt ho hc
rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc# h| gd|jcx}geho}h ohlh|gtaj ma|}aoixat ljo lcgtamgm mj| rcgoj| hothcglaüo ljo cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc q ljo |x }tg}geaho}j ho cg |jlahmgm ho ihohtgc q ho cg
h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt/ H|}j| mj| rcgoj| |jo# rjt xo cgmj# hc rcgoj mh cg thgcamgm |jlagc }gc lxgc h|#
wxh h| cj ea|ej wxh mhlat }gc q lxgc cg amho}analgej|# ojedtgej| h ao}htrth}gej| ljo xog| x j}tg|
lg}hijtåg| mh mh|ltarlaüo q goçca|a|# q rjt j}tj cgmj# hc rcgoj mh cj wxh mhdh j mhdhtåg |ht h|g
thgcamgm# g kxalaj mh xoj| j mh j}tj|# mh|mh xog x j}tg rj|alaüo amhjcüialg# rjcå}alg j á}alg/ \h }tg}g
mh ma|}aoixat hc rcgoj –mh cj| fhlfj|― j mh cj| rtjlh|j| q |a}xglajoh| thgch| q hc rcgoj ojteg}a~j q
mh cg| rtjrxh|}g|/
Ho hnhl}j# xog lj|g h| wxh ho xo mh}hteaogmj rgå|# j ho xog h|lxhcg# cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc }hoig
xog mh}hteaogmg rth|holag# ao}ho|amgm q ejmj| mh hvrth|aüo# q wxh cg| thcglajoh| ho}th cj| |xkh}j|ho nxolaüo mh |x| amho}amgmh| q lxc}xtg| |hgo xog| x j}tg| &ljo ljoncal}j egoanah|}j# cg}ho}h j
gedj|0 ljo egqjt j ehojt thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo q |xdjtmaoglaüo0 ljo gl}a}xmh| q
ljerjt}geaho}j| tgla|}g| j oj# h}l/! q j}tg lj|g h| wxh lgmg lxgc &gx}jtamgmh|# rgt}amj| rjcå}alj|#
cåmhth| |jlagch|# itxrj| mh jraoaüo# rtjnh|ajogch|# h}l! ljo|amhth wxh h| cj ehkjt ho lxgo}j g lüej
gdjtmgt q }tg}gt cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc/ Cj wxh h|}jq |xiatahomj h| cg ohlh|amgm mh ma|}aoixat
ho}th cg thgcamgm |jlagc q rjcå}alg mh cg| thcglajoh| mh fhlfj q cg| ljolhrlajoh| amhjcüialg| q
rtjrxh|}g| gvajcüialg| j á}alg| mh lüej mhdhtågo |ht cg| lj|g|/
Cg rtjrxh|}g mh lcgtanalglaüo wxh ~gej| g fglht |h dg|g# ho |hixomj cxigt# ho cg amho}analglaüo j
ljolhrlaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej mj| ejmgcamgmh| mho}tj mhc
rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh }tg| xog| rtaehtg| málgmg| ho wxh cg rtjrxh|}g
|jlajlxc}xtgc rcxtgca|}g mh cj| g÷j| |h|ho}g |h ljolth}ü ho hcgdjtglajoh| q rjcå}alg|
exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# mh|mh naogch| mh cj| jlfho}g fgo ~hoamj }jegomj nxht{g cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j|
ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g| ho lgerj| }go ma~ht|j| ljej cg hmxlglaüo# ehmaglaüo# ljexoalglaüo# }tgdgkj
|jlagc# nacj|jnåg# h}l/ Falaej| xog rtaehtg hvrj|alaüo mh h|}g amhg ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{ &7119!/
Rhtj oj |aherth |h ~h g|å/ hgej| dth~heho}h }th| egohtg| manhtho}h| mh ljo|amhtgt hc g|xo}j/
Xog rtaehtg h| ~ht hc rcxtgca|ej ljej xog lg}hijtåg ihohtgc mh cg |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg
&rcxtgca|ej |jlagc# rjcå}alj# kxtåmalj# h}l/! q hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej xo ljerjoho}h ohlh|gtaj qrjt cj }go}j ljercheho}gtaj/ Rgtg j}tj| hc gx}áo}alj exc}alxc}xtgca|ej j hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej daho
ho}homamj &oj hc manhtholagca|}g# rjt hkhercj! h| rtçl}algeho}h cj ea|ej wxh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
J}tg rj|alaüo tgmalgceho}h ma|}ao}g h| cg mh \gt}jta wxaáo ho |x cadtj cg \jlahmgm exc}aá}oalg
|j|}ahoh wxh hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h|# oa eç| oa ehoj|# cj jrxh|}j g cg |jlahmgm rcxtgca|}g; –Ho h|}h
cadtj ~jq g ego}hoht wxh h|g ljercheho}gtahmgm &ho}th rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej! h| ngc|g q
wxh rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej |jo ljolhrlajoh| go}a}á}alg| wxh oahigo cg xog g cg j}tg― &4222#
rçi|/ 9%6!/ H|g amhg lho}tgc mhc go}gijoa|ej ho}th rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# ~ht}hdtg aolcx|j
cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc ho|gqj rxh| \gt}jta ljo}tgrjoh hc –Rcxtgca|ej q |jlahmgm cadth― ljo hc
–Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg |jlahmgm mh|ehedtgmg―# }å}xcj| th|rhl}a~j| mh cg rtaehtg q |hixomg rgt}h
mh |x ho|gqj G|å rxh|# q go}h }jmj# hc }hv}j mh \gt}jta h| xog ltå}alg ntjo}gc mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ejlho}tgmg ho wxh á|}h –gttxaog cg ljexoamgm rcxtgca|}g―/ \h }tg}g mh xog jdtg wxh g}glg hc
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej mhnho|g mhc rcxtgca|ej j wxh# rgtg mhnhomht hc rcxtgca|ej# g}glg hc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 54/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 87/ / / / / / / / /
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ Ho cg| ljolcx|ajoh| theglfg h|g }h|a|; –hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej oj h| % ljej fh
|xdtgqgmj ho exlfg jlg|ajoh|% xog ljo}aoxglaüo j hv}ho|aüo mhc rcxtgca|ej |aoj wxh h| xog
ao~ht|aüo# xo ~xhclj wxh cj oahig― &åmhe# rçi/ 74<%74=!/ Ho h|}g cåohg# rhtj mh njteg exlfj eç|
|aerca|}g# hwxå~jlg q ehoj| nxomgeho}gmg# G{xtehoma &4224! fg |j|}hoamj wxh hcexc}alxc}xtgca|ej h| –xog igoithog mh cg |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg―# |ahomj cj jrxh|}j g cg
ao}hitglaüo/
\ao hedgtij# q ho cg ao}htrth}glaüo wxh rtjrjoij# }tg| gogca{gt xog ljo|amhtgdch lgo}amgm mh
}hv}j| |jdth hc }heg g|å ljej h|lta}j| |jdth rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| th|rhl}j g cg ma~ht|amgm ho
manhtho}h| ljo}hv}j| ihjrjcå}alj|# rxhmh ~ht|h wxh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc h|}ç |xtiahomj
dç|algeho}h }tg| cg ljo|}g}glaüo mh cj| cåea}h|# ntglg|j| q httjth| ho hc lgerj mhc
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# cj lxgc oj mhdh jlxc}gt cj| eáta}j| q grjt}glajoh| mh cg rht|rhl}a~g
exc}alxc}xtgca|}g &~ág|h |jdth h|}j# rjt hkhercj# Iaeáoh{# 4224!/ Rjt hccj# q rjtwxh gedj|
rcgo}hgeaho}j| }ahoho ho ljeûo cj| racgth| mhc hmanalaj rtjrxh|}j mh|mh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtg&~gcjtglaüo rj|a}a~g mh cg ma~ht|amgm# lta}alg mh cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh rátmamg j th|}g lxc}xtgc# aixgcmgm q
oj ma|ltaeaoglaüo rjt tg{joh| mh manhtholaglaüo h}ojlxc}xtgc mh cg| rht|jog|# th|rh}j gc manhtho}h#
h}l/! h| rjt cj wxh ljo|amhtgej| eç| gkx|}gmj “ q lcgtanalgmjt% ~ht hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej ljolthlajoh| |xlh|a~g| mhc rgtgmaieg rcxtgca|}g/
Kxo}hej| gfjtg cj| mj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg go}htajth|# j |hg; g! cg ohlh|amgm mh ma|}aoixat hc rcgoj
nçl}alj mhc ojteg}a~j q d! cg x}acamgm mh ljo}hercgt exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej
~ht|ajoh|# áong|a| j ejmgcamgmh| mho}tj mh xog ea|eg amhg# cg rcxtgca|}g lxc}xtgc/ Rxh| daho# h| nçlac
jd|ht~gt lüej ho cg| mj| ejmgcamgmh| j hvrth|ajoh| fa|}ütalg| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| rthla|j
}hoht ho lxho}g cg manhtholaglaüo go}htajt mh h|j| rcgoj|/ G|å# ho hc mhdg}h |jdth hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej
|h ljonxomh/ Ljo mheg|agmg nthlxholag cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mh fhlfj hva|}ho}h ljo hc }tg}geaho}j
wxh mhdhtåg }hoht/ Lxgomj |h malh# rjt hkhercj# wxh xog h|lxhcg h| –exc}alxc}xtgc― |h rxhmh h|}gt
malahomj wxh ho h|h lho}tj h|ljcgt h|}ço h|ljcgta{gmj| h|rg÷jch| q hv}tgokhtj|# gx}ül}joj| h
aoeaitgo}h|# ia}goj| q oj ia}goj| &rgqj|!/ \h h|}ç aomalgomj ljo hccj wxh h| thch~go}h cg rth|holag mh
eaojtåg| á}oalg|# wxh fgq xog ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc oj}gdch# h}l/ Rhtj |h rxhmh h|}gt malahomj “ q g|å
jlxtth ho rga|h| ljej Aoicg}httg mh gercag grcalglaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej “ wxh h|h lho}tj h|ljcgt
th|rjomh g cg| ojteg}a~g| q jtaho}glajoh| exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# }tg}gomj mh |xrhtgt cj| lxttalxcxe|
jlxc}j| q h}ojláo}talj|# jtigoa{gomj cg h|lxhcg rgtg wxh |h ~hgo thnchkgmg| cg| ma|}ao}g| hvrth|ajoh|
lxc}xtgch|# ljo}tg}gomj g rtjnh|jth| dacaoióh| q dalxc}xtgch|# h}l/
Ho mhnaoa}a~g# q }gc q ljej }tg}gej| mh ej|}tgt ho hc H|wxheg 7# h| rthla|j ma|}aoixat hc |ho}amj
nçl}alj mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej &|ahomj ho h|}h |ho}amj eç| grtjragmj fgdcgt mh exc}alxc}xtgcamgm j
ehkjt mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# á}oalg# caoióå|}alg# thcaiaj|g# h}l/# |ao eç|! q |x |ho}amj ojteg}a~j &ho hc
wxh qg h|}gej| fgdcgomj rtjrageho}h mh exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej rtgva| wxh rgt}h mhc
thljojlaeaho}j gl}a~j# |jlagc h ao|}a}xlajogc mh cg manhtholag q wxh nxomgeho}g# g rgt}at mh hccj#
mh}hteaogmj| ejmhcj| mh rjcå}alg rûdcalg# mh |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# h}l/!74
74 \jdth cg manhtholaglaüo mh cj| rcgoj| mh ngl}j q mh axth ho hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej rxhmh ~ht|h
Cgej mh H|raoj|g# 7118/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 55/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/84/ / / / / / / / /
H\WXHEG 7
Rcxtgca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Rtjrxh|}g }hteaojcüialg q ljolhr}xgc
Rcgoj Nçl}alj EXC]ALXC]XTGCAMGM AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM
j mh cj| Fhlfj| 5 ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# 5 thcglajoh| ao}htá}oalg|#
CJ WXH H\ caoióå|}alg# thcaiaj|g/// ao}htcaoióå|}alg|#
ao}htthcaiaj|g|///
Rcgoj Ojteg}a~j EXC]ALXC]XTGCA\EJ AO]HTLXC]XTGCA\EJ
j mh cg| Rtjrxh|}g| Thljojlaeaho}j mh cg manhtholag Ljo~a~holag ho cg ma~ht|amgm
|jlajrjcå}alg| q á}alg| 7/% Rtaolaraj mh Aixgcmgm 7/% Rtaolaraj mh Aixgcmgm
CJ WXH MHDHTÅG \HT 4/% Rtaolaraj mh Manhtholag 4/% Rtaolaraj mh Manhtholag
</% Rtaolaraj mh Ao}htgllaüo
Rj|a}a~g
Ejmgcamgm 7 Ejmgcamgm 4
RCXTGCA\EJ LXC]XTGC
Hcgdjtglaüo; Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj
Cj ea|ej |xlhmh ho hc lgerj |heço}alj mh cj ao}htlxc}xtgc # j gc ehoj| h|g h| cg rtjrxh|}g
}hteaojcüialg q }gvjoüealg wxh fgij/ Ho hnhl}j# xog lj|g h| thnhtat|h# mh|ltadat j gogca{gt cg|
thcglajoh| wxh |h mgo mh fhlfj# lj}amagogeho}h# ho}th rht|jog| q itxrj| manhtholagmj|
lxc}xtgceho}h &thcglajoh| ho}th oj ia}goj| q ia}goj|# ho}th gx}ül}joj| h aoeaitgo}h|# ho}th
aoeaitgo}h| mh ma|}ao}g| oglajogcamgmh|# ho}th |xditxrj| q |xdlxc}xtg| mho}tj mh xo ea|eg
dgigkh# amho}amgm q rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc mh thnhtholag! q j}tg egoanh|}gt|h mh xog x j}tg njteg
|jdth lxçch| thcglajoh| mhdhtåg fgdht; |a mh aixgcmgm j oj# |a mh gx}jojeåg j oj# h}l/ Rgtg hc rtaeht
|ho}amj# |htåg rj|adcheho}h eç| lcgtanalgmjt fgdcgt mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm j ehkjt gûo mh thcglajoh|
ao}htlxc}xtgch|# ao}htá}oalg|# ao}htthcaiaj|g| j ao}htcaoióå|}alg|/ Rgtg hc |hixomj |ho}amj# cj |xqj |htåg
fgdcgt mh ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho lxgo}j g rj|alaüo j rtjrxh|}g mh lüej mhdho |ht h|g| thcglajoh|#
ho lxgo}j g xog mh}hteaogmg rtgva| |jdth hc }tg}geaho}j q ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Ljo|amhthej| gfjtg rjt rgt}h| q ljo laht}j mh}gcch cj wxh hc H|wxheg 7 thnchkg/ Ljeho{gthej| rjtgfjomgt cj wxh |aioanalg hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc &|x| }h|a| q rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh njomj! rgtg# ho xo
|hixomj rg|j# ma|}aoixat ho}th exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej j rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 56/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 57/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/8=/ / / / / / / / /
thlaho}heho}h# hc Rtheaj Ojdhc mh Hljojeåg Gegt}qg \ho &7111! |h fg thnhtamj g cg cadht}gm
lxc}xtgc # j}tg njteg mh ljolhdat cg ea|eg amhg mh wxh }hohej| mhthlfj g hvrth|gt# ~a~at# egoanh|}gt#
}tgo|ea}at# oxh|}tg njteg mh |ht# |ho}at q rho|gt rgx}gmg| rjt oxh|}tg fhtholag# amho}amgm q
rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc# á}oalg# thcaiaj|g# j caoióå|}alg/
Rjmtågej| |hixat mh|gttjccgomj eûc}arch| g|rhl}j| mh nxomgeho}glaüo q rtjrxh|}g mhc rcxtgca|ej
lxc}xtgc# rhtj oj h| h|g cg rth}ho|aüo mh h|}g dth~h ao}tjmxllaüo/ ºLüej |ao}h}a{gt cj| rtaolaraj|
lcg~h| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc: Grtj~hlfgomj gcixog| mhlcgtglajoh| ao|}a}xlajogch|# njtexcglajoh|
mh rjcå}alg rûdcalg q h|cüigoh| j cheg| mh lgerg÷g| mh |ho|adaca{glaüo rj|a}a~g cch~gmg| g lgdj
mh|mh ej~aeaho}j| |jlagch| go}attgla|}g|# fh aomalgmj ho j}tj| }hv}j| &~ág|h# |jdth }jmj#
Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222! wxh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho mj| rtaolaraj|; 7! hc rtaolaraj mh
aixgcmgm j mh oj ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho nxolaüo mh cg tg{g# lxc}xtg# h}oag# thcaiaüo# choixg# oglajogcamgm#
jtaiho thiajogc# h}l/0 q 4! hc rtaolaraj mh manhtholagj th|rh}j q glhr}glaüo mhc J}tj/
Malfj mh j}tg egohtg# cj wxh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc rj|}xcg h| xog |jlahmgm# ljexoamgm# h|lxhcg q
ho ihohtgc |jlahmgm ao}htoglajogc ho cg lxgc cg| rht|jog| |jo aixgch| ho mhthlfj|# jdcaiglajoh| q
jrjt}xoamgmh|# gc }aherj wxh |jo th|rh}gmg| ho |x ma|}ao}a~amgm lxc}xtgc# caoióå|}alg q thcaiaj|g/
]gerjlj h| á|}h hc cxigt rgtg gogca{gt q mh|ehox{gt }jmj cj wxh ljocch~g lgmg xoj mh h|}j| mj|
rj|}xcgmj| &rgtg xog rtjnxoma{glaüo ho h|}j| }heg| rxhmh ~ht|h# ho}th j}tg| grjt}glajoh|#
Dcgolj# 71120 Cxlg|# 711= g0 Ljea|aüo Exomagc mh Lxc}xtg q Mh|gttjccj# 71190 Djc{ego# 71110
Ejthoj# 71110 \}g~hofgiho# 71110 ]xdaoj# 4224!/
Hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| xog rtjrxh|}g mh aolcx|aüo q rjt cj }go}j |h jrjoh q |h rth|ho}g ljej
gc}htog}a~g g cj| |a|}heg|# rtçl}alg| q njtexcglajoh| wxh ho j}tj| cxigth| &Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222! fh
hoicjdgmj dgkj ejmhcj| mh hvlcx|aüo ho thcglaüo ljo cg ih|}aüo |jlajrjcå}alg mh cg ma~ht|amgm
lxc}xtgc/ Hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| xog rtjrxh|}g ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo/ Ho hc H|wxheg 4 fh lcg|analgmj
hc gdgoalj mh|gnjt}xogmgeho}h gercå|aej mh cj| |a|}heg| hvlcxqho}h| “ tgla|ej# vhojnjdag#
grgt}fham# caerah{g á}oalg# h}l% }jegomj ljej lta}htaj rtaolargc cj wxh ho cg rtçl}alg fglho ljo hc
J}tj; ma|ltaeaogtcj# |hithigtcj j hcaeaogtcj# goj}gomj ho hc lxgmtj cg| |xdlcg|analglajoh| ho lgmg
xog mh h|g| rtçl}alg| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Rjt |xrxh|}j# wxh h|}j| ehlgoa|ej| |h th}tjgcaeho}go q
|jcgrgo# rhtj lgmg xoj }ahoh |x cüialg q h|}tg}hiag rtjrag|/
Cj wxh gwxå oj| ao}hth|g |h÷gcgt h| wxh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj hmxlg}a~j thwxahthgo}h }jmj cg |xrhtglaüo mh cg| njteg| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Rxhmh rgthlht jd~aj# rhtj oj ao|a|}athej| |xnalaho}h
wxh cg ehkjt egohtg mh }tgdgkgt hmxlg}a~geho}h rjt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# gc }aherj wxh xo thwxa|a}j
rth~aj# h| ljedg}at q |xrhtgt cg hvlcx|aüo/ Malfj mh j}tg njteg# h| xo ljo}tg|ho}amj }tg}gt mh g~go{gt ho
cg cåohg ao}htlxc}xtgc ho xo mh}hteaogmj lho}tj |ao xo h|nxht{j mhlamamj mh cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt rjt# q
xog hnalglag rtçl}alg ho# cg cxlfg ljo}tg cj| ehlgoa|ej| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Ljolth}hej| }jmj hccj ljo
th|rhl}j g cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh gcxeogmj mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj g cg| h|lxhcg|; hc ehkjt rg|j ho xo
fjta{jo}h mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm h| h~a}gt j |xrhtgt; g! cg mh|aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh |xntho cj| fakj|
mh aoeaitgo}h| &rjt manalxc}gmh| mh gcjkgeaho}j# rthlgtahmgm kxtåmalg# ngc}g mh thm ngeacagt# h}l/!0 d! cg
ma|}tadxlaüo mh|aixgc mhc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho lho}tj| rûdcalj| j rta~gmj| ljolht}gmj| &mgomj jtaiho
g |a}xglajoh| mh ixh}a{glaüo h|ljcgt!0 l! cg| h|}tg}hiag| hljoüealg| j lxc}xtgch| rgtg ma|xgmat |xrth|holag0 q m! cj| hvlh|j| wxh rxhmho mgt|h ho lxgo}j g |hrgtgt nå|algeho}h g cj| j}tj| ho gxcg|
h|rhlagch|# h}l/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 58/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 88/ / / / / / / / /
H\WXHEG 4
Fglag xog }arjcjiåg mh Ejmhcj| \jlajrjcå}alj| go}h cg Ma~ht|amgm Lxc}xtgc
]tg}gomj mh |xrhtgt hc rtaeht h|lgcüo mh cg h|lxhcg hvlcxqho}h# ~gqgej| g xo |hixomj h|lgcüo/
Oj fglh ngc}g |ücj |ht hnalg{ ho cg |xrhtglaüo mh cg| eûc}arch| q g ~hlh| |x}ach| njteg| mh hvlcx|aüo;h| rthla|j }gedaáo |gdht |xrhtgt cj| |xrxh|}j| ejmhcj| mh aolcx|aüo# ljej hc g|aeacglajoa|ej#
wxh ho cg rtçl}alg th|xc}go ohigmjth| mh cg amho}amgm mhc j}tj q mhc mhthlfj g cg manhtholag/ Ho j}tj
cxigt fh }tg}gmj mh ej|}tgt lüej cg |xrhtglaüo mhc g|aeacglajoa|ej h| gcij wxh rgthlh nçlac rhtj
oj cj h| ho gd|jcx}j# mgmg|; 7! cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoaj ho hc rcgoj ao}htá}oalj# wxhtahomj cg rgt}h
mjeaogo}h wxh cg mjeaogmg |h gejcmh# 4! cg nxht{g q nthlxholag mh cg| gl}a}xmh| h}ojláo}talg|
&rjmtågej| mhlat wxh hxtjláo}talg| q jllamho}gcjláo}talg|!# <! cg| ljolhrlajoh| xoacaohgch| q
|aerca|}g| mhc lgedaj |jlagc q mhc mh|gttjccj mh cg| |jlahmgmh| “}go hv}homamg| ho cj| ehmaj| mh
jraoaüo q ho hc ma|lxt|j rûdcalj# h}l/7</
HVLCX\AÜO
Tgla|ej# Vhojnjdag#
Go}a|hea}a|ej# Grgt}fham#
Fjcjlgx|}j# h}l/
AOLCX\AÜO Grgtho}h
Thgc
Ma|ltaeaoglaüo mhc J}tj
&}tg}j mh|aixgc!
\hithiglaüo mhc J}tj
Hcaeaoglaüo mhc J}tj
Fjejihoha{glaüo
Glhr}glaüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm
lxc}xtgc ljej rj|a}a~g
Chigc
\jlagc
H|rglagc
Ao|}a}xlajogc
Lxc}xtgc
Nå|alg
G|aeacglaüo
Nx|aüo lxc}xtgc
Rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc
Chqh| ma|ltaeaog}jtag|
Rtçl}alg| ma|ltaeaog}jtag|
Ixh}j| th|amholagch|
Ixh}a{glaüo h|ljcgt
Ixh}a{glaüo |goa}gtag
H}ojlamaj
Nxomgeho}gca|ej lxc}xtgc
Ihojlamaj
Caerah{g á}oalg
Goicala{glaüo
Gtgda{glaüo
Cg}aoa{glaüo
Ehc}aoi Rj}
Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej
Ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej
7< Fh gdjtmgmj cj| jtåihoh| q mhdg}h| ho }jtoj gc g|aeacglajoa|ej q hvrxh|}j h|}g amhg mh cg
manalxc}gm mh |x |xrhtglaüo ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{# 7119 ü 4222/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 59/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/8>/ / / / / / / / /
Ho cj wxh fglh g cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g |h }tg}g mh wxh }go}j ho hc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh lho}tj &|jdth
}jmj ho hc ma|h÷j lxttalxcgt! ljej ho cg| rtçl}alg| rhmgiüialg| q thcglajogch| mhc ljokxo}j mh cj|
mjlho}h| |h cjith |xrhtgt cg amhg mh wxh cj ehkjt j cj ûoalj wxh |h rxhmh fglht h| wxh hc thlaáo
cchigmj gmjr}h cg| rgx}g| lxc}xtgch| oxh~g|# gdgomjogmj cg| rtjrag| j mhkçomjcg| thchigmg gc çeda}jrta~gmj/ Ho |åo}h|a|# rgtg nxomgeho}gt gmhlxgmgeho}h xog rj|alaüo q rtgva| ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g h|
rthla|j rjt xo cgmj g|xeat rchogeho}h cj| rtaolaraj| mh aixgcmgm q manhtholag# rhtj }gedaáo q ljej
thwxa|a}j rth~aj j ljoma}aj |aoh wxg ojo |xrhtgt hc g|eacglajo|ej ho cg rtçl}alg mjlho}h/ Rg|hej| qg
g ~ht cg ao|xnalaholag mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg ohlh|amgm mh at g xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc/
=%% Mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm
Rgtg ma|}aoixat h|}g| mj| ejmgcamgmh| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# q ma|rjoht mh lta}htaj| rgtg |xmanhtholaglaüo ho xo mh}hteaogmj egtlj ljej hc hmxlg}a~j# |h fglh rthla|j gdjtmgt# gc ehoj|#
h|}j| lxg}tj ao}httjigo}h| j ljokxo}j mh ao}httjigo}h|;
7%% ºRjtwxá h| ohlh|gtag xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc:# ºrgtg ih|}ajogt cg ma~ht|amgm
mh|mh cg aixgcmgm q cg manhtholag oj dg|}g ljo hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg| rjcå}alg|
rûdcalg| ho ác dg|gmg|# ho}th j}tg| cg| rjcå}alg| hmxlg}a~g|:# ºrjtwxá ao~ho}gt j}tg
amhg |a qg }hohej| xog q exq rj|a}a~g:
4%% ºWxá grjt}g mh h|rhlånalj hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho hc çeda}j mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc:#
ºwxá fgq mh oj~hmj|j ho h|}h rcgo}hgeaho}j gfjtg }go ho djig:# ºlxçch| |jo |x|
|h÷g mh amho}amgm j tg|ij| manhtholagmjth| ho lxgo}j g rtjrxh|}g |jlajrjcå}alg q
rhmgiüialg:
<%% ºRhtea}h h|g ljo}tadxlaüo ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g ihoxaog xog ehkjt grtjvaeglaüo g cg
ih|}aüo rj|a}a~g q mhejltç}alg mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc:# º|xrjoh xo g~golh
th|rhl}j g rcgo}hgeaho}j| go}htajth|:0 |a hccj h| g|å# ºho wxá ljomalajoh| |jlagch| q
rjcå}alg|:
=%% ºLxçc h| ho}jolh| cg thcglaüo g h|}gdchlht ho}th exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm:#
º|jo go}giüoalj| j ljercheho}gtaj|:
=/7%% Cg ohlh|amgm mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej
Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fg ~hoamj fglahomj ohlh|gtag# q fg|}g gfjtg }jmj rgthlh aomalgt wxh
cj ~g g |ht eç| ho hc nx}xtj# mhdamj g cg| caea}glajoh|# httjth| q ntglg|j| mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ ]tg|
eç| mh }th| málgmg| mh grcalglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| exc}alxc}xtgch| fg|}g |x| mhnho|jth|
thljojlho |x| rxo}j| mádach|/ Thea}j gc chl}jt j chl}jtg g j}tj }tgdgkj mjomh fh }tg}gmj mh
|ao}h}a{gt cg| lta}alg| gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej rtjlhmho}h| mhc mhdg}h rjcå}alj q mh cj| h|}xmaj| laho}ånalj
|jlagch| &ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{# 4222!/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# rjmhej| th|gc}gt wxh “mhkgomj grgt}h
cj| g}gwxh| nxtadxomj| ljo}tg hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej mh|mh hc oxh~j tgla|ej wxh ~h ho ác xog
gehog{g g cg amho}amgm oglajogc wxh rthijogo# xog amho}amgm fjejihoha{go}h# h|}ç}alg qlho}tgca|}g% cg| ltå}alg| eholajogmg| }ahoho ljej njlj ljeûo cg ao|xnalaholag mhc rcgo}hgeaho}j
exc}alxc}xtgc ljej rtjqhl}j mh ljfh|aüo |jlagc mh cg ljexoamgm rjcå}alg mjomh |h xdalgo cj|
manhtho}h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 60/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 61/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 62/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 63/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 64/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC >7/ / / / / / / / /
8%% Thnchvaüo naogc |jdth hmxlglaüo q nx}xtj
Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc rxhmh |ht mh itgo gqxmg ho cg }gthg hmxlg}a~g/ Hoxehtgej| g
ljo}aoxglaüo# g ejmj mh th|xeho mh cj wxh fhej| ~hoamj gtixeho}gomj q mh th|rxh|}g g cj|ao}httjigo}h| mhc rtaolaraj# gcixoj| rxo}j| wxh ljo|amhtgej| lho}tgch| g cg fjtg mh nxomgeho}gt
cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho egtlj mh cg h|lxhcg q cg hmxlglaüo;
7%% Hc rxo}j aohcxmadch mh rgt}amg h| hc thlfg{j thgc mh cg hvlcx|aüo/ Oj rxhmh
g~go{gt|h fglag cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |jdth cg dg|h mh cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo q |hithiglaüo/
Aoalag}a~g| mh holxho}tj ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg| eû|alg| j ho cg| rtçl}alg| gcaeho}alag|#
|ht~atço mh rjlj |a oj fgq xog ~jcxo}gm mhlamamg q xog rtçl}alg ljo}tg hc }tg}j mh|aixgc#
cg |hrgtglaüo nå|alg mh cj| manhtho}h| j cg glxc}xtglaüo njt{gmg mhc j}tj/ Eç| gccç mh cg|
thch~go}h| manhtholaglajoh| ho}th cg h|lxhcg rcxtgc# exc}alxc}xtgca|}g ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g# cj
laht}j h| wxh }jmg| }ahoho ho ljeûo hc thlfg{j mh cg hvlcx|aüo/ Oj h|}ç mh eç|aomalgtcj# rgtg |xegt q oj th|}gt nxht{g|/
4%% Oj fgq wxh mgt rjt |xrhtgmj hc g|aeacglajoa|ej/ Cj| mjlho}h| mhdhej| th~a|gt
oxh|}tg ~a|aüo mh cg h~jcxlaüo# cg fa|}jtag q hc mh|gttjccj |xrhtgomj cg| ljolhrlajoh|
xoacaohgch|/ \xrhtgt hc g|aeacglajoa|ej oj ~g ho mh}taeho}j mh mhnhomht cg xoamgm mhc
lxttalxcxe# cg xoalamgm mhc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh lho}tj# h}l/
<%% H| rthla|g xog g|xolaüo ljfhtho}h mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# }tgdgkgomj cg| thcglajoh|
ho}th aixgcmgm q manhtholag/ Rgtg hccj |h fglh ohlh|gtaj oj ljonxomat hc rcgoj mh cg
aixgcmgm* mh|aixgcmgm fxegog| ljo hc rcgoj mh cg |aeaca}xm *manhtholag &Fh }tg}gmj h|}j
ho Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222!
=%% Th|rhl}j gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# |htåg ljo~hoaho}h xog rj|alaüo mh ltå}alg
ljo|}txl}a~g# grtj~hlfgomj q oj mh|rhtmalagomj |x| aerjt}go}h| grjt}glajoh|
hmxlg}a~g| &|xrhtglaüo mhc lxttalxcxe jlxc}j# rtjnh|jth| dacaoióh| q dalxc}xtgch|# h}l!/ G
rh|gt mh cg caea}glajoh| q httjth| exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# |htåg dg|}go}h aoû}ac q mh }jmj rxo}j
hvgihtgmj rgt}at mhc wxh hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h| cj jrxh|}j gc rcxtgca|ej h|ljcgt
&rgtgntg|hgomj g \gt}jta! j wxh h| cg igoithog mh cg h|lxhcg &rgtgntg|hgomj g G{xtehoma!/
8%% \aherth |htç û}ac thljtmgt cj wxh exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm }ahoho ho
ljeûo &cxlfg ljo}tg cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ma~ht|amgm ljej rj|a}a~g# |ht aixgch| q
manhtho}h|# h}l/! mj}gomj mh xog rht|rhl}a~g exc}a h ao}htlxc}xtgc cj| rtjqhl}j|
hmxlg}a~j|/>%% Hc rxo}j mhla|a~j h| th}jegt cj wxh xoh# cj ljeûo# cg| ljo~htiholag|# ho}th cj|
manhtho}h| gl}jth| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Cj| oa÷j|# rjt hc fhlfj mh |htcj# }ahoho
}go}j ho ljeûo q eç| rtjdgdcheho}h g |x hmgm/ Cj| rgmth| q egmth|# |jo rgmth| q
egmth| mh gcxeoj|# ao}hth|gmj| q rthjlxrgmj| rjt cj ihohtgc ho cg hmxlglaüo mh |x|
fakj|# q gmheç| |jo dcgolj| j ohitj|# oglajogch| j oj# h}l/
9%% Ljo|laho}h| mh wxh hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc h| xo oxh~j rgtgmaieg hehtiho}h
q ho ljo|}txllaüo# wxh oj h|}ç mhnaoamj oa lhttgmj ho oaoixoj mh |x| }áteaoj|# mhdh
aerxc|gt|h cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g lthg}a~g rgtg atcj ljonjtegomj rgxcg}aogeho}h ljo
glaht}j| q httjth|# ljo eh}jmjcjiåg |xlh|a~g|# ljej fhttgeaho}g û}ac rgtg hc rtjqhl}j
hmxlg}a~j/6%%Oj| rthixo}çdgej| gc rtaolaraj rjt cg| manhtholag ho}th cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc q cg
h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Rxhmho |h÷gcgt|h ~gtag|/ Jkgcç cg| rgiaog| go}htajth| fgqgo grjt}gmj
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 65/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>4/ / / / / / / / /
hcheho}j| rgtg wxh lgmg lxgc cg| h|}gdch{lg/ Wxa|aátgej| aomalgt# oj jd|}go}h# wxh mh|mh
oxh|}tg rht|rhl}a~g h|g manhtholag tgmalg |jdth }jmj ho wxh eaho}tg| cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc
h|}ç lho}tgmg ho hc th|rhl}j q ~gcjta{glaüo rj|a}a~g mh cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h| ho cg| gxcg| q ho
cg ma~ht|amgm mhc ho}jtoj &cj lxgc qg }ahoh eáta}j!# ho cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc# gmheç|# |hhong}a{g hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j mh cg ljo~a~holag q cg |xrhtglaüo mhc lxc}xtgca|ej q cg
hvglhtdglaüo mh cg| manhtholag| wxh ljocch~g/
1%% Ljej ljtjcgtaj mh cj go}htajt# xo rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j “|hg mh ma|}ta}j h|ljcgt q mh lho}tj
hmxlg}a~j# j eç| ljolth}j gûo mh xoamgm mamçl}alg j mh gxcg% rxhmh# ho hnhl}j#
lgtgl}hta{gt|h ljo cj| grhcg}a~j| mh rtjqhl}j exc}alxc}xtgc j mh rtjqhl}j
ao}htlxc}xtgc# q gwxå |a ch mhkgej| gc chl}jt j chl}jtg hc hkhtlalaj mh mh}gccgt h|g| oj}g|
ma|}ao}a~g| j |aercheho}h mh rthixo}gt|h rjt |x| gl}a~amgmh| mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g/
72%% J}tj ljtjcgtaj/ Lcgtj wxh fgq manhtholag| ho}th cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg|
exc}alxc}xtgch| h ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo/ H|}g ~h{ ch mhkgej|
cg }gthg oj |ücj g cj| rtjnh|jth| |aoj g cg| gx}jtamgmh| hmxlg}a~g|# th|rjo|gdch|rjcå}alj| q chia|cgmjth|# h}l/ H|j |å# }tg}ho mh fglht h|}j| mhdhth| oj ho lg|g &ho hc
igdaoh}h!# |aoj ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| gl}jth|/
77%% H|rhtgej| wxh cj| goçca|a| mh cj| grgt}gmj| go}htajth| rhtea}go ~a|cxedtgt wxh oj
h|}gej| go}h xo kxhij mh rgcgdtg| j mhdg}h ojeaog}a~j# |aoj go}h xog lxh|}aüo mh
honjwxh rhmgiüialj q mh g~golh |jdth rcgo}hgeaho}j| go}htajth|# ao}hth|go}h| rhtj
caea}gmj|/ Cg rtaolargc thch~golag mhc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g# }gc q ljej cj mhnaoaej|#
tgmalg ho ma|rjoht mh xog fhttgeaho}g rgtg; g! }tgdgkgt rjt cg xoamgm h|ljcgt ho cg
ma~ht|amgm &ho cj ao|}a}xlajogc!# xoat cg rhmgijiåg mh cg cadht}gm ljo cg rhmgijiåg mh cg
aixgcmgm q cg |jcamgtamgm &ho cj rhmgiüialj! q rgtg hotawxhlht cg rtgl}alg hmxlg}a~g q hc
mh|gttjccj rht|jogc mhc hmxlgmjt &ho cj rtjnh|ajogc!/
74%% Rgtg hc*cg mjlho}h# rtjnh|jt*g j egh|}tj*g# cch~gt hc rcgo}hgeaho}j
ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g g |x çeda}j mh }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j aercalg exlfg| lj|g|/
Th|gc}gthej| gcixog|; }tgdgkgt|h cg }jchtgolag gl}a~g &ho hc lgerj mh cj| ~gcjth|!#
|xrhtgt hc h}ojlho}ta|ej &ho hc lgerj mh cg| gl}a}xmh|!# |gdht h|lxlfgt eç|
g}ho}geho}h gc J}tj q rthixo}gtch ljo ao}htá| go}h| mh fgdcgt &ho hc lgerj mh cg|
fgdacamgmh|! q xo ao}ho}j rjt ma|ntx}gt cg ma~ht|amgm rtjnxomg mh |x gxcg# h|lxhcg q
exomj# g rh|gt mh }jmg| cg manalxc}gmh| mh ljexoalglaüo# ngc}g mh }aherj# thlxt|j|#
h}l/ &ho lxgo}j g |x ejmj lj}amagoj mh hkhtlht |x jnalaj!/
7<%% Lxgomj gnategej| wxh cg h|lxhcg mhdh |ht~at g cg lthglaüo mh xog |jlahmgmao}htlxc}xtgc h|}gej| aomalgomj cg itgo grjt}glaüo wxh rxhmh fglht &|aherth kxo}j ljo
h|nxht{j| ho j}tj| çeda}j| q cg ljjtmaoglaüo ho}th hccj|! q h|}gej| }gedaáo
hvrth|gomj wxh |ao cg cgdjt hmxlg}a~g |htç aerj|adch h|h |xh÷j/
7=%% Mhkgej| rgtg hc naogc# cj eç| |x|}golagc/ Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej hmxlg}a~j aercalg |gdht
ma|}aoixat# thcglajogt q egohkgt % ho cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| ihohtgch| mh rcgoh|#
rtjitgeg| q rtjqhl}j|# ho cj| mjlxeho}j| q eg}htagch|# q |jdth }jmj ho cg rtçl}alg
lj}amagog mh cg ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh % cj| ngl}jth| rht|jogch|# |a}xglajogch| q
lxc}xtgch| wxh h|}ço rth|ho}h| ho cg| thcglajoh| q }tgqhl}jtag| hmxlg}a~g|/ Fh }tg}gmj
h|}h g|xo}j ho j}tj cxigt &Iaeáoh{# 4224 d!# thnataáomjeh g cg ehmaglaüo q cg
ao}ht~holaüo ho ljo}hv}j| mh ma~ht|amgm# mjomh |h jnthlh xog eh}jmjcjiåg gc th|rhl}j#rhtj lahttj h|}j| grxo}h| ljo cg| |aixaho}h| aomalglajoh|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 66/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC ></ / / / / / / / /
Lxgomj xo egh|}tj j xog egh|}tg h|}ço ljo xo oa÷j j oa÷g &egttjwxå# oaihtagoj# ia}goj h|rg÷jc#
ia}goj txegoj# txegoj oj ia}goj# gx}ül}joj oj ia}goj# egmtach÷j mh Lfgedhtå j Cg~graá|# h}l/#
h}l/! |gdho wxh# go}h }jmj# |h }tg}g mh xog rht|jog ljo mh}hteaogmg hmgm# ljo xog njteg mh |ht
wxh |h h|}ç njtegomj q ho xog ng|h mh |x ~amg wxh }ahoh laht}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg| |hiûo oj| hvrcalg cgr|aljcjiåg h~jcx}a~g q mhc mh|gttjccj/ Qg }hohej| gfå rxo}j| mh |aeaca}xm q mh manhtholag# mh
aixgcmgm q mh mh|aixgcmgm ljo cj| mheç|/
Hc mjlho}h }gedaáo |gdh wxh# gmheç| mh h|j| ljerjoho}h| rht|jogch|# fgq ljomalajogo}h|
|jlagch| ho cg| ~amg| q }tgqhl}jtag| h|ljcgth| mh h|j| oa÷j| q gmjch|lho}h| &ngeacag h|}txl}xtgmg j
oj# ljo eç| j ehoj| thlxt|j|# ra|j ho ljomalajoh| j lfgdjcg# rthlgtahmgm kxtåmalg mh cj| rgmth| j
oj!/ ]gedaáo gwxå “ ho cj |jlagc q oj ho cj rht|jogc# q ho cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th gedj| “ hc hmxlgmjt
|gdtç ~ht |hehkgo{g| q manhtholag| q oj ljonxomatcg| ljo cg| aixgcmgmh| q mh|aixgcmgmh|/
Naogceho}h# h|j| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| fgo |amj |jlagca{gmj| ho hc çeda}j mh xog mh}hteaogmglxc}xtg# j ho ~gtag| ho ao}htgllaüo# q }ahoh njteg| mh |ht# rho|gt# |ho}at mhlat q gl}xgt wxh h|}ço
rgx}gmg| lxc}xtgceho}h/ ]gedaáo ho h|}h }htlht thaoj amho}analgtç ljo~htiholag|# ma~htiholag|# h}l/
Cg egh|}tg j egh|}tj ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g |gdtç ma|}aoixat ho}th cj rht|jogc# cj |a}xglajogc q cj lxc}xtgc# q
rth|}gtç g}holaüo g lüej |h ao}htthcglajogo/ Wxa{ç| fglaáomjcj rjmtç gqxmgt eç| g cj| kü~hoh| q
gqxmgt|h eç| g |å ea|ej/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# cj aerjt}go}h oj h| cg rgcgdtg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm # wxh
rjmtågej| jc~amgtcg j |acholagtcg cj wxh nxhtg ohlh|gtaj# |aoj }jmj cj wxh ljertjeh}h/
Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg|
%% Çc~gth{# A/ &4224!/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo mhc aoao}hitgdch lxc}xtgc# rçi| 7>6%718# ho K/ Mh Cxlg| q N/
]jtth| &hm|/! Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|: Gcixoj| mh|gnåj| q &egcg|! th|rxh|}g|/ ]gcg|g
Hmalajoh|/ Egmtam/
%% Geh|# R/ &4224!/ Hmxlglaüo h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Thrho|gomj ea}j|# amho}amgmh| q rtjqhl}j|#
rçi| <=<%<97# ho Nxccht# O/ &hm/!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/
%% Dcgolj# L/ &7112!/ Cg ao}hitglaüo mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| ho Dacdgj/ Ljchllaüo H|}xmaj| Dacdgåoj|/ Dacdgj/
%% Djc{ego# Lc/ &7111!/ –Rjcå}alg| mh aoeaitglaüo# mhthlfj| fxegoj| q laxmgmgoåg g fjtg mh cg
icjdgca{glaüo; xog }arjcjiåg―# rçi|/ 427% 4<7/ Ho H/ Egt}åo# H q \/ mh cg Jdtg &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/
%% Lçta}g| &711>!/ Fglag cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ao}tjmxllaüo g cg njteglaüo mhc ~jcxo}gtagmj mh
rtjitgeg| mh aoeaitgo}h|/ Lçta}g|/ Cg Gllaüo |jlagc/ Lxgmhtoj| mh Njteglaüo# o» <1/
%% Ljea|aüo Exomagc mh Lxc}xtg q Mh|gttjccj &7119!/ Oxh|}tg ma~ht|amgm lthg}a~g/ XOH\LJ
*Nxomglaüo \go}g Egtåg \E/
%% Mjxicg|# Y/G0 Cqego# \/E/ q [xcga`g# K/ &711=!/ Eaitglaüo# h}oalamgm q oglajogca|ej/ \ht~alaj
Hma}jtagc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mhc Rgå| g|lj/
%% Nxccht# O/ &hm/! &4224!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/ Rjo}analag Xoa~ht|amgm
Lg}ücalg mhc Rhtû# Xoa~ht|amgm mhc Rglanalj h Ao|}a}x}j mh H|}xmaj| Rhtxgoj|/
%% Iaeáoh{ &7119 q 4222!/ Ixåg |jdth Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm &Rtaehtg rgt}h/ Nxomgeho}j| ljolhr}xgch|/\hixomg rgt}h/ Hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj
|j|}hoadch!/ Ixg}hegcg/ ROXM% Ixg}hegcg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 67/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>=/ / / / / / / / /
%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &7119# Jl}xdth!/ Cg og}xtgch{g mh cg ehmaglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho Eaitglajoh|/
Egmtam/ Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analg mh Ljeaccg|# o» </
%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &7116!/ Eaitglaüo q oxh~g laxmgmgoåg/ ]heg| rgtg hc Mhdg}h# o» =</
%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4222 g# Egqj!/ Cg| ltå}alg| gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ ]heg| rgtg hc Mhdg}h/%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4222 d!/ Ejmhcj| go}h mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc; mhc tgla|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
Ho Gclaog# K/ &ljjtm/!/ Fglag xog oxh~g amhjcjiåg rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Egmtam/ Hma}jtagc G`gc/
%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4224 g!/ Hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc; |x thcglaüo ljo cg laxmgmgoåg q cg| rjcå}alg|
rûdcalg|# rçi|/ 8<7%8>2/ Ho \heaogtaj mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo rgtg cg Rg{ Cg aoeaitglaüo/ Xog thgcamgm ho
H|rg÷g/ Lho}tj Raiog}hcca * Mhrgt}geho}j mh Gitalxc}xtg q ]xta|ej mhc Ijdahtoj mh Gtgiüo/
%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4224 d!/ Rcgo}hgeaho}j exc}angl}jtagc rgtg cg ehmaglaüo h ao}ht~holaüo ho ljo}hv}j|
exc}alxc}xtgch|; xog rtjrxh|}g eh}jmjcüialg mh |xrhtglaüo mhc lxc}xtgca|ej# rçi|/ >49% >=</ Ho
Igtlåg Lg|}g÷j# N/ K/ q Extahc Cürh{# L/ &hm|/!/ Cg aoeaitglaüo ho H|rg÷g; ljo}hv}j| q gc}htog}a~g|/
^jcxeho AA/ Gl}g| mhc AAA ljoith|j |jdth cg aoeaitglaüo ho H|rg÷g &rjoholag|!/ Itgogmg/
Cgdjtg}jtaj mh H|}xmaj| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|/%% Fjn|}hmh# I/ &7111!/ Lxc}xtg| q jtigoa{glajoh|/ Hc \jn}ygth eho}gc/ Cg ljjrhtglaüo ao}htoglajogc
q |x aerjt}golag rgtg cg |xrht~a~holag/ Gcago{g Hma}jtagc/
%% Aca{gtdh# L/ &4224!/ Mhejltglag h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho cg| thcglajoh| ho}th H|}gmj q \jlahmgm#
rçi| 99% 77/ Ho Nxccht# O/ &hm/! &4224! Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/
%% @qecal`g# Y/ &711>!/ Laxmgmgoåg exc}alxc}xtgc/ Xog }hjtåg cadhtgc mh cj| mhthlfj| mh cg| eaojtåg|/
Dgtlhcjog/ Rgamü|/
%% Cgdg}# L/# q ^hteh|# I/ &711=!; Lxc}xth| jx~ht}h|# \jlaá}á| ao}htlxc}xthcch|# Mx ljo}gl} ç
c‑ao}htgl}ajo# C‑Fgteg}}go*HO\# Hma}ajo| Njo}hogtq*\}%Lcjxm/
%% Cgej mh H|raoj|g# H/ &hm/! &7118!/ Lxc}xtg|# h|}gmj|# laxmgmgoj|/ Xog grtjvaeglaüo gc
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ho Hxtjrg/ Gcago{g Hma}jtagc/
%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &711= g!/ Hc mh|gnåj mh cg| ntjo}htg|/ Mhthlfj| Fxegoj| q vhojnjdag ntho}h g xog
|jlahmgm rcxtgc/ Egmtam/ ]heg| mh Fjq/
%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &711= d!/ Mhthlfj| fxegoj|# chia|cglaüo rj|a}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Ho
Mjlxeho}glaüo \jlagc # o» 19 &ejojitçnalj |jdth ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm!# Egmtam/
%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &4224!/ Gcixog| rtjrxh|}g| rgtg ljeho{gt g fgdcgt ho |htaj mh rjcå}alg mh
aoeaitglaüo# rçi| 4<%=6/ Ho Mh Cxlg|# K/ q ]jtth|# N/ &hm|/!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|:
Gcixoj| mh|gnåj| q &egcg|! th|rxh|}g|/ Egmtam/ ]gcg|g Hmalajoh|/
%% Egcih|aoa# I q Iaeáoh{# L/ &7119!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth eaitglajoh|# tgla|ej h
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm / Egmtam/ Cg Lxh~g mhc J|j/ &Hmalaüo th~a|gmg ho Cj| cadtj| mh Cg Lg}gtg}g#4222!/
%% Egt}åo# H/ &7111!/ Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# oxh~j| |xkh}j| fa|}ütalj| q laxmgmgoåg lxc}xtgc# rçi| 721%
7<6/ Ho Egt}åo# H/ q mh cg Jdtg# \/ &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/
%% Ehtaohtj# E/K/ &ljjtm/! &4224!/ Maçcjij mh la~aca{glajoh| Jtaho}h% Jllamho}h/ Grjt}h gc
ho}homaeaho}j ao}htoglajogc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh Hv}thegmxtg/ Dadcaj}hlg Oxh~g/
%% Ejthoj/ A/ &7111!/ Mhthlfj| fxegoj|# laxmgmgoåg h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# rçi| 1%<># ho Egt}åo# H q
mh cg Jdtg# \/ &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/
%% Ej|}htåo# K/ &7169!/ H}ojlho}ta|ej# thcg}a~a|ej q tglajogcamgm # Gtdjt# o» 9=# rçi|/ 1% 49/
%% Jtigoa{glaüo mh cg| Oglajoh| Xoamg| rgtg cg Hmxlglaüo# cg Laholag q cg Lxc}xtg &XOH\LJ! &711>!/
Cg maeho|aüo lxc}xtgc mhc mh|gttjccj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 68/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 69/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>>/ / / / / / / / /
RHMGIJIÅGAO]HTLXC]XTGC;
MH CG
NXOMGEHO]GLAÜO]HÜTALG G CGGLLAÜO HMXLG]A G
]gegt \fxgca ]tglf}hodhti79
LGRÅ]XCJ
<
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 70/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC >9/ / / / / / / / /
7%% Hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg; Hmxlglaüo q ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc
Cj| ao~h|}aigmjth| ntgolh|h|# ljojlamj| rjt |x| grjt}glajoh| rajohtg| g cj| h|}xmaj| mh cg
hmxlglaüo q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# |h thnatahtjo ho |x| rtaehtj| ho|gqj| g cg| ehmamg| |jlaj%rhmgiüialg| herthomamg| rjt cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo ntgolh|g rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|
ljej –hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc― &ámxlg}ajo ao}htlxc}xthcch!/ Cj| ao~h|}aigmjth| ntgolh|h| wxh
glx÷go h|}h ljolhr}j g}tadxågo hc ntglg|j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho Ntgolag ho |x h}grg
aoalagc &g÷j| 62! g cg ngc}g mh mh|gttjccj mh xo grgtg}j }hütalj dg|gmj ho h|}xmaj| h ao~h|}aiglajoh|
rth~aj| g cg aercgo}glaüo mh malfg| ehmamg| &Gdmgccgf Rth}lhacch# 71110 Egt}åoh{ Ex÷j{# 4229!/
Ljej ~hthej| eç| gmhcgo}h# h|}h oj h| hc lg|j mh cg –hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc― &exc}alxc}xtgc
hmxlg}ajo!0 honjwxh rhmgiüialj wxh nxh ljolhdamj q mh|gttjccgmj ho cj| HH/XX/ g ehmagmj| mhc
|aicj VV g rgt}at mh xo egtlj }hütalj |ücamgeho}h ljo|}txamj# wxh |h nxh ljo|jcamgomj }go}j ho cg
rtçl}alg ljej g }tg~á| mh cg rtjmxllaüo mh xog gdxomgo}h rtjmxllaüo laho}ånalg g }jmj cj cgtij mhc
|aicj &Dgo`|# 71610 C/ gom R/ Mg~amego# 7119!/
Fjq ho måg# hc mhdg}h |jdth cg| ljo|}txllajoh| }hütalg| wxh nxomgeho}go xog q j}tg ljolhrlaüo
hmxlg}a~g “q |x| |xd|hlxho}h| h|}tg}hiag| q grcalglajoh| rtçl}alg|“# oj fg rhtmamj nxht{g0 rjt hc
ljo}tgtaj# ljej ~hthej| g ljo}aoxglaüo# cg rtjmxllaüo laho}ånalg q glgmáealg |aixh lho}tgmg ho cg
manhtholaglaüo ho}th gedg| ljolhrlajoh|# q h|}g aoncxqh mhla|a~geho}h ho hc }tg}geaho}j hmxlg}a~j mh cg
ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Ho cg| cåohg| wxh |aixho ~gej| g }tg}gt mh mh|icj|gt cj| hcheho}j| |x|}go}a~j| }go}j
mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc ljo hc nao mh “}tg| |x goçca|a|“ }tg}gt mh
njtexcgt xog rtjrxh|}g# }hütalg q rtçl}alg# mh cj wxh |htåg xog oxh~g rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc/
Ho h|}g cåohg# cg ohlh|amgm mh xog thnjtexcglaüo }hütalg mh cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho cj|
|aixaho}h| gtixeho}j|;
Ho rtaeht cxigt# cg itgo lgo}amgm mh }tgdgkj|# ho|gqj| h ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh |h fgo fhlfj rûdcalj|
ho cj| ûc}aej| lxgtho}g g÷j|# }go}j ho cj wxh |h thnahth g cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej g cg
hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# rhtea}h rtjnxoma{gt ho cg |x|}golag mh gedg| ljolhrlajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/
H|}g| ao~h|}aiglajoh| oj |ücj fgo rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j cj| eáta}j| q cg| caea}glajoh| mh lgmg
honjwxh# |aoj wxh rhtea}ho }gedaáo gogca{gt cg| ehmamg| rtçl}alg| q cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|
wxh |h fgo gmjr}gmj ljej mh|gttjccj mh lgmg xog mh h|}g| ljolhrlajoh|# }go}j rjt ao|}golag|
jnalagch| ljej rta~gmg|/ \ao hedgtij# ho hc ljokxo}j mh h|}g gdxc}gmg rtjmxllaüo }hütalg |hholahttg xog ljonx|aüo ljolhr}xgc wxh jd|lxthlh q manxeaog cj wxh# ho grgtaholag# |jo cj| rhtnach|
rtjraj| q mhnaoa}jtaj| mh gedg| ljolhrlajoh|/ G|å# eaho}tg| ho cg rgt}h ojt}h mhc ljo}aoho}h
gehtalgoj q# ho ihohtgc# ho hc exomj goicj|gküo# cj| }áteaoj| exc}alxc}xtgc h ao}htlxc}xtgc
mh|ltadho xo }arj mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm |jlaj%lxc}xtgc wxh |h dg|g oj |ücj ho hc
thljojlaeaho}j q th|rh}j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# |aoj }gedaáo ho hc ao}htlgedaj lxc}xtgc q ho hc
ex}xj hotawxhlaeaho}j j thlartjlamgm &Dgo`|# ElIhh# 71180 \chh}ht q Itgo}# 71690 Rjt}htg# 4272!0
ho Hxtjrg# ho lgedaj# cg mhojeaoglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |h ho}ahomh |ücj ljej gwxhc }arj mh ih|}aüo
wxh |h lho}tg nxomgeho}gceho}h ho hc |hixomj g|rhl}j# h| mhlat# ho hc ao}htlgedaj q ho hc ex}xj
hotawxhlaeaho}j lxc}xtgc &Gixgmj# 42720 H|lçeh{# 4224!/
79 Rtjnh|jtg mh \jlajcjiåg mh cg Hmxlglaüo ho cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh ^gcholag –\go ^alho}h
Eçt}at―/ \x ljtthj h| }gegt/|fxgcaBxl~/h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 71/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>6/ / / / / / / / /
Ho hc lg|j mh H|rg÷g# rjt hkhercj# ma~ht|j| h|}xmaj| |jdth }hjtåg mh cg hmxlglaüo |j|}ahoho wxh cg
manhtholag h}aejcüialg ho}th cg| mj| ljolhrlajoh| thrth|ho}g xog manhtholaglaüo amhjcüialg wxh
ma|}aoixh g gedj| honjwxh| rhmgiüialj| q wxh á|}g |h egoanah|}g ho cg rhtlhrlaüo wxh gedj|
}ahoho mh cj| ljolhr}j| mh amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc &H|lçeh{ 42240 \gch| qIgtlåg 71160 Dgt}gcjeá 42240 Dhvgcû 4224!/
Ho |hixomj cxigt# ho cg mhnaoalaüo q mh|gttjccj rtçl}alj| mh cj| ejmhcj| hmxlg}a~j|# }go}j rjt cg|
gmeaoa|}tglajoh| rûdcalg| ljej rjt cg| ho}amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| ho ihohtgc# oj hva|}h xog itgo
ljo|a|}holag ho cj wxh |h ljo|amhtg exc}alxc}xtgc j ao}htlxc}xtgc mho}tj cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|/ G|å#
}tg| fgdht thgca{gmj xo goçca|a| mh cj| nxomgeho}j| nacj|ünalj| q mh cg| njtexcglajoh| ljolhr}xgch|#
g|å ljej mh cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg| ehmamg| rtçl}alg| mh grcalglaüo wxh |h |xhcho hoegtlgt mho}tj mh
gedg| ljttaho}h| rhmgiüialg| j hmxlg}a~g|# ljertjdgej| ljej oj |aherth cg mhojeaoglaüo
hchiamg rjt cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| hmxlg}a~g| q rjt cj| rtjnh|ajogch| mh cg hmxlglaüo thrth|ho}g ho
rxtamgm hc honjwxh }hütalj wxh |h malh grcalgt/ Hnhl}a~geho}h# ho xo gercaj gdgoalj mh lg|j| “mhnjtexcglajoh| ljolhr}xgch| q mh ehmamg| h|}tg}áialg| j rtçl}alg|“ cj wxh |h mhojeaog j ljoladh
ljej hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc “j hcheho}j| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc“ h|# ho thgcamgm# gcij rtjraj j
ma|}ao}a~j mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# q ~alh~ht|g &\fxgca# 4226!/ H|}h fhlfj |h rxhmh g}tadxat g cg
ngc}g mh ljo|a|}holag q mh ljo}aoxamgm ho}th cg ljo|}txllaüo }hütalg q cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g g|jlagmg g
hccg# rtaolargceho}h ho cj wxh |h thnahth g cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}h fhlfj# ho nao# fg rtjralagmj
xo mh|gttjccj rj|}htajt mh rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| wxh mhexh|}tgo exq rjlg gnaoamgm ljolhr}xgc ljo cg
ljttaho}h ho cg wxh |xrxh|}geho}h |h nxomgeho}go# q gmheç|# ljo nthlxholag# malfg| rtçl}alg| |h
egoanah|}go ljej oj gmhlxgmg| g cj| jdkh}a~j| wxh rht|aixho/
Ho }htlht cxigt# }go}j hc honjwxh exc}alxc}xtgc ljej hc ao}htlxc}xtgc fgo amj h~jcxlajogomj g cj cgtij mh
cj| g÷j|/ G|å# cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# thnjtexcgmg ho |x ~a|aüo eç| gl}xgc ljej hmxlglaüo
exc}alxc}xtgc }tgo|njtegmjtg j hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc ltå}alg# dg|g |x ljo|}txllaüo }hütalg ho
hcheho}j| wxh |jo rtjraj| }gedaáo mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ljej# rjt hkhercj# cg ljolhrlaüo
mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc ljej rcxtanjteh# gnateçomj|h ljo hccj# rjt cj }go}j# hc rtj}gijoa|ej mhc
aoma~amxj g cg fjtg mh gx}jmh}hteaogt |x amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# |ao mh|rcg{geaho}j j thoxolag mh |x
amho}amgm itxrgc/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# |a gogca{gej| hc lgedaj hvrhtaeho}gmj rjt cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x h~jcxlaüo# ~hej| ljej# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# cj| honjwxh| rtçl}alj| mh cg ea|eg
lgeaogo fglag xog ~ht|aüo mh cg ao}hitglaüo wxh# qhomj eç| gccç mh cg ao}htthcglaüo jtaiaogc# |h glhtlg
eç| g cg g|aeacglaüo lxc}xtgc/ H|}j |h grthlag# rjt hkhercj# ho hc lg|j ntgolá| q# ho ljolth}j# ho cg|ehmamg| chia|cg}a~g| gmjr}gmg| rgtg rtjfadat cg hvfadalaüo rûdcalg mh |åedjcj| q g}xhomj| mh
lgtçl}ht thcaiaj|j “cg ltx{ lta|}agog# cg arg kxmåg# hc ~hcj ex|xceço# h}l/“ ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/
Naogceho}h# ho lxgt}j cxigt# |a g naogch| mhc |aicj VV cg manhtholag ljolhr}xgc dç|alg ho}th gedg|
~a|ajoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo q mh cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc |h dg|gdg ho cg ma|}ao}g ao}htrth}glaüo mhc ljolhr}j
mh lxc}xtg q# ljo|aixaho}heho}h# ho hc mh|gttjccj mh cj| manhtho}h| ejmhcj| mh ih|}aüo mh cg thcglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# gedj| honjwxh| |h dg|go ho xog ea|eg mhnaoalaüo mh lxc}xtg# wxh oj h|
j}tg wxh cg njtexcgmg rjt cg XOH\LJ; cg lxc}xtg h| –hc ljokxo}j mh cj| tg|ij| ma|}ao}a~j|# h|rata}xgch| q
eg}htagch|# ao}hchl}xgch| q gnhl}a~j| wxh lgtgl}hta{go g xog |jlahmgm j xo itxrj |jlagc/ Hccg hoicjdg#
gmheç| mh cg| gt}h| q cg| ch}tg|# cj| ejmj| mh ~amg# cj| mhthlfj| nxomgeho}gch| gc |ht fxegoj# cj||a|}heg| mh ~gcjth|# cg| }tgmalajoh| q cg| lthholag|―/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# –cg lxc}xtg mg gc fjedth cg
lgrglamgm mh thnchvajogt |jdth |å ea|ej/ H| hccg cg wxh fglh mh oj|j}tj| |hth| h|rhlånalgeho}h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 72/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 73/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 74/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 75/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/94/ / / / / / / / /
ljoladaü cg }hjtåg mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc; grcalgt eá}jmj| q |jcxlajoh| hmxlg}a~g| manhtho}h| “
h|rhlagch|“ rgtg g}homht g cg| ohlh|amgmh| manhtho}h| mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj/ Eá}jmj| q
|jcxlajoh| wxh# ho |x|}golag# aercalgdgo wxh cg hmxlglaüo mhdåg rtjmxlat|h ho hc egtlj mh xo
ho}jtoj q xoj| ljo}hoamj| cj eç| lhtlgoj| rj|adch g cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| ehojth|/ Hcrtjdcheg |h rcgo}hü lxgomj h|g| eaojtåg| aoeaitgo}h| |h ljo~at}ahtjo ho laxmgmgoj| rhtegoho}h|
mh cj| rgå|h| thlhr}jth| q# ljej ljo|hlxholag# |h ljertjdü wxh h|j| eá}jmj| hmxlg}a~j| oj
ljo}tadxqhtjo |aoj g |hrgtgt g cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj| q g ego}hohtcj| gc egtiho mhc
rtjlh|j mh rgt}alarglaüo h ao}hitglaüo |jlagc jtmaogtaj|# fglahomj wxh |x oa~hc hmxlg}a~j nxh|h
aonhtajt gc mh cj| kü~hoh| mh cg egqjtåg gx}ül}jog/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rxh|# oj rxhmh ehoj| wxh ljolcxat|h wxh# ljo cg rht|rhl}a~g wxh mg lg|a ehmaj
|aicj mh fa|}jtag# cg| ljolhrlajoh| }hütalg| q hc mh|gttjccj rtçl}alj mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc oj
fgo ljo|hixamj ho Hxtjrg cj| jdkh}a~j| mh kx|}alag h ao}hitglaüo |jlagch| wxh rth}homågo |x|
njtexcgmjth| gehtalgoj| q# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# fgo }homamj g rtjmxlat xo hnhl}j jrxh|}j; cgljergt}aeho}glaüo |jlagc q hc ga|cgeaho}j mh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|/ \jo# rxh|# rthla|geho}h cj|
httjth| q cg| caea}glajoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc cj wxh fg rtj~jlgmj cg ohlh|amgm mh xo
lgedaj h|}tg}áialj q eh}jmjcüialj ho cg| ljolhrlajoh| hmxlg}a~g| q cj wxh fg }tgåmj ljo|aij cg
njtexcglaüo mh xog oxh~g }hjtåg hmxlg}a~g; cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
Ho h|}g cåohg# mh glxhtmj ljo Gdmgccgf%Rth}lhacch &7111! “xog mh cg| naixtg| }hütalg| eç|
mh|}glgmg| mh cg ljttaho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc q ltå}alg ljo hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej“# cj| rtaolargch| httjth| mh
cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc q |x| ljo|hlxholag| fg| |amj cj| |aixaho}h|;
%% Glho}xglaüo mh cg| gl}a}xmh| mh thlfg{j q mh hvlcx|aüo/ ]jmg mhnaoalaüo g rtajta mh cj|
itxrj| hoihomtg xo rtjlh|j mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ljo}tgtaj gc hnhl}j dx|lgmj/ Hc
exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# gxo thljojlahomj cg| manhtholag|# dx|lg cg ljhva|}holag mh cj| itxrj|
q cj| aoma~amxj|# rhtj cj fglh lxc}a~gomj |x rgt}alxcgtamgm ho jrj|alaüo g cj| mheç|#
h|}gdchlahomj ljo hccj hc tah|ij mh glho}xglaüo mh cg manhtholag q mhc ljoncal}j |jlagc/
%% Caea}glaüo mh cg ej~acamgm |jlagc/ Hc njeho}j mh cg amho}amgm itxrgc }ahomh gc ga|cgeaho}j
mhc itxrj q manalxc}g cg ej~acamgm mh |x| eahedtj|# wxh rhtegohlho holhttgmj| ho |x|
ifh}j| lxc}xtgch| “q nå|alj|“/ Hccj# aomhnaoa}a~g# ljo}tadxqh }gedaáo g cg ljoihcglaüo mh cg
h|}txl}xtg |jlagc q manalxc}g hc rtjith|j |jlagc mh cj| aoma~amxj|/
%% Holxdtaeaho}j mhc lgtçl}ht lgmg ~h{ eç| rjcaltjej q rjcaejtnj mh cj| itxrj| q mh cg|
lxc}xtg|/ Ho xog thgcamgm }go rcxtgc ljej cg mh cg| |jlahmgmh| mh|gttjccgmg|
jllamho}gch|# cg rj|adacamgm mh rht}hohlht# mh egohtg |aexc}çohg# g eç| mh xo itxrj mh
manhtho}h amho}analglaüo “lxc}xtgc# rjcå}alg# |jlagc# h}l/“ h| cg eç| ljeûo mh cg| thgcamgmh|/
H|}h fhlfj fglh wxh |hg fjq eç| manålac wxh ho j}tg| árjlg| fa|}ütalg| rtjmxlat
amho}amgmh| itxrgch| gd|jcx}geho}h fjejiáohg| wxh manhtholaho# ljo rhtnach|
oh}geho}h mhcaohgmj| q ho }jmj| cj| g|rhl}j| mh cg ~amg fxegog# g cj| eahedtj| mh xo
itxrj j eaojtåg á}oalj%lxc}xtgc ljo th|rhl}j g cj| mheç|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rxh|# hc rxo}j
mh rgt}amg mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej “cg hva|}holag mh eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch| gd|jcx}geho}hfjejiáohg|“ h| httüohg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 76/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 9</ / / / / / / / /
%% \jdthmh}hteaoglaüo mh cg| ~gtagdch| lxc}xtgch|/ Ho cåohg ljo cj go}htajt# lgdh mhlat wxh cg
thgcamgm |jlagc h| exq rcxtgc q kxo}j g cg| ~gtagdch| lxc}xtgch| hva|}ho }gedaáo j}tj|
g|rhl}j| mh }arj |jlajcüialj# r|aljcüialj# fa|}ütalj q hljoüealj wxh aoncxqho
mhla|a~geho}h ho hc rj|alajogeaho}j |jlagc mh cj| aoma~amxj|/ Oj lgdh thhercg{gt cj|mh}hteaoa|ej| |jlagch| rjt cj| lxc}xtgch|# |aoj wxh fgq wxh ljo|amhtgt }jmj| hccj| ho |x
ljokxo}j/ Hc ngl}jt á}oalj%lxc}xtgc oj hvrcalg rjt |å |ücj cg h|}txl}xtg q hc ljoncal}j |jlagc
q# rjt cj }go}j# }gerjlj rxhmh th|jc~htcj rjt |å ea|ej/
%% Thoxolag g cg gx}jojeåg/ Cg |jdthh|}aeglaüo mhc rh|j mh cg rht}hoholag g xo itxrj
lxc}xtgc j á}oalj |xrjoh# oj |ücj caea}gt cg |xdkh}a~amgm q cg gx}jojeåg mh cj| aoma~amxj|
“cg rtjrag rhtlhrlaüo mh cg amho}amgm q mh cg rht}hohohlag“# |aoj }gedaáo rtj~jlgt ho
hccj| njteg| mh mhrhomholag itxrgc j mh atth|rjo|gdacamgm# rxh|# gc nao q gc lgdj# }jmj
mhrhomhtåg mhc itxrj q mh |x rj|alaüo |jlagc# q oj mhc aoma~amxj/
=%% Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
Cg| mhnalaholag| mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc nxhtjo rtjo}j rhtladamg| ho Hxtjrg q h| g|å ljej# g
ljeaho{j mh cj| g÷j| jlfho}g mhc |aicj VV# herah{go g rtjmxlat|h cg| ljolhrlajoh| ltå}alg| mhc
ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej/ Cg ao|ratglaüo nacj|ünalg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |h holxho}tg# ho rtaehtg
ao|}golag# ho cg rtjrag }tgmalaüo nacj|ünalg# rjcå}alg h fa|}ütalg mh Ntgolag# fhthmhtg mhc tglajogca|ej
thnjtea|}g mhc |aicj V^AAA/ ]tgmalaüo ho lxqg dg|h |h holxho}tg cg ljo|gitglaüo mhc aoma~amxj ljej
lho}tj q hkh mhc |a|}heg |jlagc q rjcå}alj q# rjt }go}j# hc mh|rthlaj mh cg| ao|}golag| ao}htehmag| “
itxrj| |jlagch|“ wxh |xrjoho xog dgtthtg ho}th á|}h q hc H|}gmj q wxh ljomalajogo hc hkhtlalaj mh
|x| mhthlfj| mh laxmgmgoåg &Fgtithg~h|# 71180 Gdmgccgf%Rth}lhacch# 4227!/
Mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g# hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc |xrjoh xog gc}htog}a~g g cg| rtjrxh|}g| rhmgiüialg|
wxh }tg}go cg hmxlglaüo mh|mh rcgo}hgeaho}j| fjcå|}alj| mh cg lxc}xtg# dg|çomj|h# ho lgedaj# ho xog
ljolhrlaüo rcxtgc mh á|}g# wxh rgt}h mh cg ljerchkamgm fxegog “|jlagc h aoma~amxgc“ h ao}tjmxlh cg
ohlh|amgm mh }hoht ho lxho}g h|g ma~ht|amgm# g nao mh rhtea}at “q njeho}gt“ cg ao}htthcglaüo ho}th cj|
ma~ht|j| itxrj| ho aoma~amxj|/ H|}h honjwxh hmxlg}a~j “ho thgcamgm# h|}g rhmgijiåg“ |h dg|g ho xog
thcglaüo maoçealg# mh ao}htlgedaj mh ~gcjth|# fçda}j| q rhtlhrlajoh| ho}th cj| aoma~amxj|# cj lxgcng~jthlh cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt j}tg rgt}h# hong}a{g cj| ~gcjth| xoa~ht|gch| q
|xdtgqg cj wxh xoh g cj| aoma~amxj|# eç| wxh cj wxh ch| manhtholag/ Hccj cch~g g cg ohlh|amgm mh thnchvajogt q
mhdg}at ljo}aoxgeho}h hc ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg &Gixgmj# 422<!/ Ho hc njomj mh h|}g ljolhrlaüo# rxh|# |h
holxho}tg hc ljertjea|j hmxlg}a~j ljo cg rchog thgca{glaüo mhc aoma~amxj ljej rht|jog q ljo hc rchoj
hkhtlalaj mh |x| mhthlfj| mh laxmgmgoåg# mh|mh cg aixgcmgm q hc ex}xj thljojlaeaho}j/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rjt hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho}homhej| ho Hxtjrg gwxhccg }hjtåg wxh gdjtmg cg
hmxlglaüo ho cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g rgt}at mh rtjlh|j| mh ao}htgllaüo “mh thcglaüo h ao}htlgedaj“#
q oj g rgt}at mh cg rth|ht~glaüo ao}goiadch mh ejmhcj| rthljolhdamj| mh itxrj|# lxc}xtg|#
thcaiajoh|# rtjlhmholag oglajogc q j}tj| rgtgmaieg|/ Rgtgmaieg| oj fglho |aoj rtjrjtlajogt xog~a|aüo |aerca|}g# tåiamgeho}h ntgieho}gmg# ljergt}aeho}gmg# q# rjt cj }go}j# ma|}jt|ajogmg mh cg
thgcamgm |jlagc q mhc rtjraj aoma~amxj0 thgcamgm wxh h|# rjt og}xtgch{g# ljerchkg# ma~ht|g q ncxamg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 77/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 78/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 98/ / / / / / / / /
Cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc# rxh|# |xdtgqg hc ~gcjt wxh grjt}g cg rcxtgcamgm q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g cj|
lho}tj| h|ljcgth| q g cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj/ Ho h|}g cåohg# rtjlxtg hwxargt gc hmxlgomj ljo cg
lgrglamgm mh rgt}alargt ho cg ljo|}txllaüo mh |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# mh ~h{ mh g|xeat xo rgrhc rg|a~j# mh
ehtj thlhr}jt# ho h|}h rtjlh|j/ Cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho hc ~gcjt mh cg rht|jog# ho |xmaioamgm q ho xo |ho}amj mh amho}amgm rcxtanjteh/ \h }tg}g mh xog hmxlglaüo wxh rth}homh holjo}tgt hc
hwxacadtaj ho}th hc mh|gttjccj mh cg rht|jog mh glxhtmj ljo |x rhtlhrlaüo mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm# q# gc
ea|ej }aherj# hc mh|gttjccj mh |x |ho}amj mh rgt}alarglaüo h ao}hitglaüo ho cg |jlahmgm/ Ho h|}h
|ho}amj# cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc njeho}g cg ao}htthcglaüo q# rjt cj }go}j# }jmj| gwxhccj| hcheho}j| mh
xoaüo ho}th cj| aoma~amxj|# eç| wxh rtjnxoma{gt ho cj wxh ch| |hrgtg/
Ho ljolcx|aüo# |h rxhmh mhlat wxh cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc;
%% tjerh ljo hc rgtgmaieg fjcå|}alj# jdkh}a~a|}g q h|}txl}xtgca|}g mh cg lxc}xtg h ao}tjmxlh cg
~a|aüo nchvadch# rhtehgdch j rcxtgca|}g mh cg ea|eg# gc glhr}gt cg lgrglamgm mhc aoma~amxjrgtg njtegt |x rtjrag amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# eç| gccç mh cj| cåea}h| h|}golj| mh cg| tåiamg|
amho}analglajoh| á}oalj%lxc}xtgch| }tgmalajogch|0
%% rth}homh mh|gttjccgt ho cj| gcxeoj| gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| mh glhr}glaüo q }jchtgolag ljo
th|rhl}j g cj manhtho}h# aeramahomj hc mh|gttjccj mhc }hejt j hc thlhcj# wxh }hteaogo rjt
rtj~jlgt hc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag0
%% rth}homh aolxclgt cj| ~gcjth| ljexoh|# |xrtglxc}xtgch|# mh cg maioamgm q cg aixgcmgm mhc
|ht fxegoj# njeho}gomj hc ljojlaeaho}j q nxolaüo mh cj| mhthlfj| fxegoj|0
%% dx|lg hc mh|gttjccj mh eh}jmjcjiåg| wxh rhtea}go wxh cj| rtjnh|jth| nglaca}ho hc cjitj
h|ljcgt mh cj| h|}xmago}h| rtjlhmho}h| mh cj| itxrj| tglagch|# á}oalj|# lxc}xtgch| q
|jlagch| eaojta}gtaj| q mh|ng~jthlamj|# g|hixtgomj xo }tg}geaho}j manhtholagc wxh# |ao
tjerht cg ao}hitglaüo ho hc gxcg# rhtea}g ljerho|gt cj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg mh|aixgch|/
8%% Honjwxh| }hütalj| q rtçl}alj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# |ao hedgtij# oj h| xo }jmj fjejiáohj q “ljej cg hmxlglaüo
exc}alxc}xtgc“ fg mgmj cxigt g ma~ht|g| egoanh|}glajoh|# }go}j }hütalg| ljej rtçl}alg|/ Cj wxh |h
}tg}g mh mh|}glgt gwxå h| hc mh|gttjccj wxh h|j| honjwxh| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fgo }hoamj q
cg thcglaüo mh cj| ea|ej| ljo cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| wxh fgo rth}homamj cch~gtcj| g cg thgcamgm/
Hccj oj| rhtea}atç mh}hteaogt ljo }jmg lcgtamgm ho wxh ljo|a|}h ~htmgmhtgeho}h cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc q lüej |h fg thgca{gmj “|h thgca{g“ ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/
G|å# |a hc ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho |x| cåohg| mhnaoa}jtag| dç|alg|# ho lxgo}j g |x
h|}tg}hiag q jdkh}a~j| ûc}aej|# rgthlh |x|la}gt xo gercaj ljo|ho|j ho}th cg itgo egqjtåg mh cj|
h|}xmaj|j| hxtjrhj|# cg thgca{glaüo rtçl}alg mh cg ea|eg q hc mh|gttjccj mh cg| ljtth|rjomaho}h|fhttgeaho}g| rhmgiüialg| jnthlh egqjth| ma|lthrgolag|/ Cg| rtjrxh|}g| |jo exlfg| q# ho
jlg|ajoh|# th|xc}go ljo}tgmal}jtag|# cchigomj g mh|eho}at “gc ehoj| ho grgtaholag“ hc honjwxh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 79/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 80/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 81/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 82/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 83/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 84/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 85/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/64/ / / / / / / / /
CG HMXLGLAÜO MHCJ\ LFALJ\71 Q
LFALG\ MH NGEACAG\AOEAITGMG\;
HC CGTIJ LGEAOJFGLAG CG AIXGCMGMWXH GÛO OJ CCHIG
LGRÅ]XCJ=
Kxgo Iüeh{ Cgtg71
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 86/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 6</ / / / / / / / /
–H|rhlagceho}h# }tg|lhomht hc honjwxh rgtlagc wxh }tg}g h|}g| }heç}alg| |ücj
eatgomj g cg| eaojtåg|# rgtg rjmht ljo|}txat xoj oxh~j wxh mh|rcglh hc njlj mh
g}holaüo fglag xo –oj|j}tj|― eç| hv}ho|j# wxh nglaca}h rtjlh|j| |jlajhmxlg}a~j|
rgtg }jmj| q rgtg }jmg|―/ &Ljchl}a~j Gegoa # 4221; 1=!/
7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo
Rgtg wxh xog |jlahmgm cchixh g |ht eç| kx|}g# ao}htlxc}xtgc# ao}hitgmjtg# aolcx|a~g# }jmg| cg|
rht|jog| q }jmj| cj| itxrj| wxh cg ljerjoho q wxh ao}htgl}ûgo ho}th |å mhdho fglhtcj |jdth cg|
dg|h| mh xog thcglaüo aixgca}gtag q hwxa}g}a~g/ Oj fgq ogmg eç| wxh eatgt g oxh|}tj gcthmhmjt rgtg
mh|lxdtat wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm h| cj wxh rtaeg# q ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg hmxlglaüo oxolg fg kxigmj xorgrhc ohx}tj/ Cg fa|}jtag mh cg hmxlglaüo |h oj| exh|}tg ljej xog fa|}jtag mh fjejihoha{glaüo
|jdth cg| rjdcglajoh|# lxc}xtgc q |jlagceho}h ma~ht|g|# q thrtjmxl}jtg mh cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc q
hljoüealg/ Ho rgcgdtg| eç| lcgtg|# cg h|lxhcg rhtrh}ûg cg| hvlcx|ajoh| rth~ageho}h rtjej~amg|
rjt hc |a|}heg hljoüealj/
Rhtj cg h|lxhcg gl}xgc }gedaáo gmea}h ho |x |hoj g manhtho}h| rht|jog| ho gllaüo wxh ~ahoho g
lxh|}ajogt h|h rtaolaraj thrtjmxl}jt# rht|jog| wxh g }tg~á| mh |x| rtçl}alg|# h|}ço ljontjo}gomj q
thnjtexcgomj cg| rtjrxh|}g| ao|}a}xlajogch|/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# gc aixgc wxh rxhmh |ht xog rj}ho}h
eçwxaog mh thrtjmxllaüo }gedaáo cj rxhmh |ht mh }tgo|njteglaüo/
Ljo cg hcgdjtglaüo mh h|}h mjlxeho}j fh rth}homamj cch~gt g lgdj xog grtjvaeglaüo g cg |a}xglaüo
gl}xgc mh cj| manhtho}h| rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| ho cj| wxh |h holxho}tgo cj| lfalj| q lfalg| mh
ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| ho hc ljo}hv}j h|rg÷jc/ Hc |xd}å}xcj oj| thea}h g cj| manhtho}h| ao}httjigo}h|
wxh |xtiho lxgomj oj| holjo}tgej| ho cg ohlh|amgm mh mgt th|rxh|}g| g h|}g thgcamgm ho
ljolth}j q g cg ma~ht|amgm ho |x ihohtgcamgm/ ºMüomh |h holxho}tg hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j ljo
th|rhl}j g h|}j| lfalj| q lfalg|: ºLgeaog fglag cg aixgcmgm j fglag cg mh|aixgcmgm:
Mh|lxdtatáa| wxahoh| ljo}aoxáa| chqhomj# wxh ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j# q }gedaáo ho j}tj|
rj|}htajth|# eç| wxh th|rxh|}g| |h rcgo}hgo eç| ao}httjigo}h| ljo xo jdkh}a~j |aerch# ao}ho}gtgdtat hc njlj mhc magntgieg rgtg jd}hoht xog rgojtçealg eç| gercag wxh oj| rhtea}g ~ht eç| gccç
mh h|}j| –lfalj| q lfalg|― q mh cg| ao}ht~holajoh| mataiamg| h|rhlagceho}h fglag hccj|/ Xog
rgojtçealg wxh aolcxqg gc gcxeogmj gc ljerch}j# g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# g cg h|lxhcg# g j}tj|
ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc ho}jtoj |jlagc# gc ljo}hv}j |jlagc cjlgc q exomagc/
76 Ho h|}h gt}ålxcj ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| x}aca{gtá hc eg|lxcaoj ljej ihoátalj# h| mhlat aolcxqh g
exkhth| q g fjedth|# g lfalg| q g lfalj|/ H| oxh|}tg th|rjo|gdacamgm oj jc~amgt cg rth|holag mh
cg| exkhth|# mh cg| lfalg|# mho}tj mhc ihoátalj/ Oj x}aca{j hc }áteaoj oa÷j| q oa÷g| rjtwxhho}ahomj wxh h|}j rgthlh wxh hvlcxqh g gmjch|lho}h| j kü~hoh|/71 Eahedtj mhc Ljchl}a~j Gegoa/ \x ljtthj h|; ojegmhgegoaBqgfjj/h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 87/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/6=/ / / / / / / / /
4%% Lgeaogo}h oj fgq lgeaoj# |h fglh lgeaoj gc gomgt///
Cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh xog thgcamgm mh|aixgc h aokx|}g# h| xo rtjlh|j cgtij# ohlh|gtageho}h cgtij q oj
hvho}j mh ljoncal}j|/ Cj aerjt}go}h oj h| cchigt |aoj |gdht fglag müomh ~gej| q ljo wxá ehmaj|ljo}gej|/ ºH|}ç rthrgtgmj hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j rgtg th|rjomht g cg ma~ht|amgm q ng~jthlht cg
hwxamgm: Thgceho}h oj# j gc ehoj| oj cj |xnalaho}heho}h/ ºCg h|lxhcg gl}xgc h| cg gmhlxgmg rgtg
th|rjomht g cg| manhtho}h| ohlh|amgmh| mh wxahoh| cg ljerjoho: Wxa{ç| oj# rhtj |gdhej| lxçc h|
hc lgeaoj/ ºH| cg hmxlglaüo xog fhttgeaho}g ~çcamg rgtg lgeaogt fglag xog |jlahmgm eç| kx|}g q
|jcamgtag: \å# mhnaoa}a~geho}h cj h| q# gmheç|# xog mh cg| rjlg| fhttgeaho}g| ljo cg| wxh xog
|jlahmgm# h|}g |jlahmgm# lxho}g/ Rhtj cg manalxc}gm h|}tadg ho cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh |xtiho mh j}tg
lxh|}aüo rth~ag; ºrxhmh h|}g |jlahmgm lgeaogt fglag xog| egqjth| lj}g| mh kx|}alag rgtg lgmg xog mh
cg| rht|jog| q itxrj| wxh cg ljerjoho: Mhrhomh# mhrhomh g wxaho ch rthixo}h|# mjomh cj fgig| q
ho wxá ejeho}j/ Ho h|}g |jlahmgm q ho }jmg| cg| |jlahmgmh| oj ljergt}aej| cj| ea|ej| ao}hth|h|/
Wxa{ç| oj ljo|a|}g ho holjo}tgt cg| th|rxh|}g|# |aoj ho |gdht jtmhogt }jmg| h|}g| rthixo}g| q cj|
rjtwxá| wxh |h mhta~go mh hccg|/ Mg aixgc lxçc |hg hc jtmho rjtwxh wxa{ç| cg rthixo}g h| eç|
|aerch# ºRjt wxá h| }go cgtij hc lgeaoj fglag cg aixgcmgm# mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag|
aoeaitgmg|# ho cg hmxlglaüo j g }tg~á| mh cg hmxlglaüo:
Rhtmjoho cj| aerglaho}h|# rhtj rgtg th|rjomht g h|}g rthixo}g ohlh|a}j gdtat hc magntgieg mh cg|
cho}h| ljo cg| wxh eatgt cg thgcamgm/ Gercagt oxh|}tg| ~a|}g| oj| ~g g nglaca}gt xo egqjt
ljojlaeaho}j mh cg ea|eg/ Fg|}g fglh exq rjlj cg h|lxhcg fg h|}gmj th|ht~gmg g mh}hteaogmj|
itxrj| |jlagch|# hvlcxqhomj g cg itgo egqjtåg mh cg rjdcglaüo/ ]go |ücj mh|mh hc |aicj VAV# q |ücj
ho hc –exomj jllamho}gc― j rgå|h| mh|gttjccgmj| &ljej rthnahtgo!# herah{g g |ht ljolhdamg ljej
xog fhttgeaho}g ho egoj| mh cj| H|}gmj| rgtg |ht~at ljej }tgo|ea|jtg q thrtjmxl}jtg mh cg
lxc}xtg/ H|j |å# mh cg ûoalg lxc}xtg# cg lxc}xtg oglajogc# mh cg| áca}h|# mh cj| fjedth|# dcgolj|#//// Cg
h|lxhcg wxh ljojlhej| herh{ü g|å# |ao oaoiûo iáohtj mh mxmg/
Fg|}g nhlfg| dg|}go}h| lhtlgog| oj fgo hva|}amj mhlcgtglajoh|# chqh|# wxh fgdcho mhc mhthlfj mh
cj| oa÷j| q cg| oa÷g| g cg hmxlglaüo q mh cg jdcaig}jtahmgm mh cg ea|eg &gc ehoj| |jdth hc rgrhc!/
Lgmg H|}gmj fg amj rtjexcigomj |x| chqh| q fg ma|rxh|}j cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg fglht
hnhl}a~j h|h mhthlfj/ H|rg÷g# gxowxh ho }aherj| eç| }gtmåj|# h| xoj mh h|}j| H|}gmj|/
G rgt}at mh h|h ejeho}j# gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j |h ch g|aiogo xog| lgrglamgmh| |jlagch|
aixgca}gta|}g| wxh rhtea}atço wxh }jmj| cj| lfalj| q lfalg|# aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x jtaiho q
ljomalajoh| |jlagch|# gllhmgo g xoj| eåoaej| ljexoh| ho eg}htag| hmxlg}a~g|/ Ljo cg| lxgch|
rjmtço ma|ntx}gt mh cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh| rgtg fglht ntho}h g cg ~amg gmxc}g ho ihohtgc/ \ao
hedgtij cg thgcamgm oj| mhexh|}tg wxh h|j| h|nxht{j| aixgca}gta|}g| mh cj| |a|}heg| hmxlg}a~j| oj
glgdgo mh mgt cj| ntx}j| h|rhtgmj|# wxh |jo eç| daho mh|hj|# eç| wxh fhlfj|/ Rjtwxh cj|
fhlfj| oj| mhexh|}tgo |ao oaoiûo iáohtj mh mxmg# wxh hc oa~hc |jlajlxc}xtgc mh cg| ngeacag| h| eç|
wxh mh}hteaogo}h rgtg |gdht |a |x }tgqhl}jtag h|ljcgt h|}ç ho hc lgeaoj mhc áva}j j mhc ntglg|j/ Q g|å
cj fgo ~hoamj mhej|}tgomj manhtho}h| ao~h|}aiglajoh| mh rh|j wxh |h÷gcgo wxh# rjt exlfj wxh cg
H|lxhcg |h |h÷gch ljej aergtlagc q kx|}g# grcalgomj g }jmj hc gcxeogmj xo ea|ej rg}tüo lxc}xtgc#cj| th|xc}gmj| oj |jo rthla|geho}h cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh|# |aoj eç| daho cj ljo}tgtaj; cg
thrtjmxllaüo mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| |jlagch|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 88/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 68/ / / / / / / / /
Ehoj| gûo ho cg gl}xgcamgm mjomh# ljej |h÷gcg Hotawxh Måh{ &4229!# –hc nao mh cg hmxlglaüo h|}ç
|ahomj }tgo|njtegmj― # ljo|hlxholag| |jdth }jmj mh cg icjdgca{glaüo ohjcadhtgc/ –Ho hc }htthoj
hmxlg}a~j# cg ma|lx|aüo qg oj |h lho}tg ho lüej mh|gttjccgt xo lxttålxcj hegolargmjt dg|gmj ho xo
mh|gttjccj mh oxh|}tj gcxeogmj wxh ch igtgo}alh xog laxmgmgoåg rchog# xog rgt}alarglaüo thgc ho cgljo|}txllaüo mh xog |jlahmgm eç| kx|}g# |aoj ho xo lxttålxcj ho nxolaüo mhc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj
ljo hc nao mh aoltheho}gt cg ljerh}a}a~amgm ao}htoglajogc# cg igogolag///― /
Rhtj rjt |xht}h# ntho}h g h|}j# h|}ç |xtiahomj xog rhmgijiåg ltå}alg wxh |xiahth gc}htog}a~g| q
hvrhtaholag| hmxlg}a~g| wxh oj| fglho rho|gt wxh cg hmxlglaüo |h rxhmh cch~gt g lgdj mh|mh
xoj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| manhtho}h|/ Xog hmxlglaüo ljertjeh}amg ljo cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ljo cg
hwxamgm# ljo cg aolcx|aüo/ Xog hmxlglaüo lxqj jdkh}a~j h| njtegt rht|jog| rgtg wxh grthomgo g
ljo~a~at/
Ho h|}g hmxlglaüo*ljo~a~holag cj wxh ho}tg ho kxhij h| hc exomj mh cg| thcglajoh| ao}htrht|jogch|#mjomh hc xoa~ht|j mh cj| ~gcjth|# cg| gl}a}xmh|# cg| rthma|rj|alajoh|# |jo mh ~a}gc aerjt}golag# rhtj
oj jc~amhej| wxh h|}g| thcglajoh| |h mgo ho ljo}hv}j| j h|}txl}xtg| wxh ljomalajogo cg| ea|eg|/
Rjt }go}j# }go aerjt}go}h h| cg ejmanalglaüo mh h|}g| ûc}aeg| ljej cj| grthoma{gkh| rgtg
mh|gttjccgt h|g| thcglajoh| mh|mh rtaolaraj| mh th|rh}j# |jcamgtamgm q kx|}alag/
Ljo cg ejmanalglaüo |ücj mh cg| gl}a}xmh| oj ~gch# q ehoj| lxgomj h|}g| mh|lgo|go ûoalg q
hvlcx|a~geho}h |jdth cg dxhog ~jcxo}gm/ Cg hmxlglaüo gmwxahth |ho}amj lxgomj gmwxahth |x
~htmgmhtj lgtçl}ht hegolargmjt q hmxlg g cg| rht|jog| rgtg g|xeat |x rtj}gijoa|ej q hc
ljertjea|j rgtg dx|lgt cg| fhttgeaho}g| rgtg lgedagt |x rtjrag ~amg# cg mh cj| mheç| q hc exomj
ho hc wxh ~a~h/ Ho}jolh| h| lxgomj gmwxahth |x ~htmgmhtj |aioanalgmj cg hvrth|aüo; –hmxlgtoj|
rgtg xo exomj eç| kx|}j# |jcamgtaj q hwxa}g}a~j―# }gthg oj nçlac q ehoj| ho cj| }aherj| wxh ljttho/
Cg hmxlglaüo jdcaig}jtag# gc ehoj|# }homtåg wxh rth}homht ljej jdkh}a~j rtajta}gtaj# rtj~hht g }jmj
hc gcxeogmj mh cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| rgtg rjmht ~a~at q ljo~a~at ljo gx}jojeåg q maioamgm/ Cg
itgo manalxc}gm h|}ç ho wxh cg hnalaholag# }jegmg ljej rtaolaraj wxh ixåg cg| rjcå}alg| q cg| rtçl}alg|
hmxlg}a~g|# oj cj h|}ç rhtea}ahomj/ Rjt h|j ~g mhkgomj g }go}g iho}h rjt hc lgeaoj# q oj |ücj g xo
itgo oûehtj mh lfalj| q lfalg| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# hccj| |ücj |jo xog rgt}h/ Hc |a|}heg
hmxlg}a~j h|}ç mhkgomj g j}tg exlfg iho}h# |jdth }jmj rjtwxh hc ntglg|j h|ljcgt h|}ç mhej|}tgmj
wxh |h ho|g÷g ljo cj| eç| mádach|/
Gûo g|å fgigej| xo dth~h thrg|j mh lüej h|}ç nxolajogomj hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j lho}tçomjoj|
ho h|}j| lfalj| }jegmj| ho |x ljokxo}j/ ºLüej cj| }tg}g cg h|lxhcg# wxh thrth|ho}go rgtg hccg:
ºWxá |h fg fhlfj fg|}g gfjtg ho cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth| fglag hccj|: ºQ fglag cg ma~ht|amgm ho
ihohtgc: ºWxá ngc}g rjt fglht# wxá h| ohlh|gtaj lgedagt: \hixtj wxh oj fgq xog ûoalg th|rxh|}g#
rxh| lgmg lho}tj# lgmg cxigt# lgmg }htta}jtaj# h| manhtho}h q |htåg aokx|}j eh}ht g }jmj| ho hc ea|ej
|glj# rhtj cj ~jq g ao}ho}gt g|xeahomj cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh fgdcgt mh xo ihoátalj }go itgomh/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 89/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 90/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 69/ / / / / / / / /
hmxlglaüo# hc }tgdgkj# cj| h|rglaj| mh jlaj q }aherj cadth# h}l/ \a h|}h thljojlaeaho}j oj fg
jlxttamj go}h| rjt rgt}h mh ao|}golag| jnalagch| h| rjtwxh h|}j| ehojth| q kü~hoh| htgo
thcg}a~geho}h rjlj| q*j h|}gdgo ho hc |a|}heg h|ljcgt j h|}gdgo ho hc exomj cgdjtgc naixtgomj
ljej gmxc}j|/ \jo oxh~g| ihohtglajoh| lxqj jdkh}a~j |h |a}ûg# mh xog egohtg exlfj eç|h~amho}h wxh rgtg |x| egqjth|# ho xog maoçealg mh rhtegoholag# rgt}alarglaüo q gm|ltarlaüo ho cg
|jlahmgm ho cg wxh |h fgo njtegmj j |h h|}ço njtegomj ljej rht|jog|/
Maoçealg| mh rhtegoholag# rgt}alarglaüo q gm|ltarlaüo wxh ohlh|gtageho}h oj| fglh thrcgo}hgt hc
}tg}j wxh h|}g |jlahmgm# ho ihohtgc# q h|}g h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt# ~ahoh mgomj g |x| rgmth| q
egmth|/ Cg eatgmg oj rxhmh |ht cg ea|eg oa rgtg hc exomj mh cg ao~h|}aiglaüo# oa mh cj|
rtjnh|ajogch| mh cj |jlagc q cg hmxlglaüo# oa rgtg cj| th|rjo|gdch| rjcå}alj|# oa rgtg cg |jlahmgm ho
ihohtgc/ \h÷gcj }th| lxh|}ajoh| aerjt}go}h| wxh# mh|mh ea rxo}j mh ~a|}g# |jo lcg~h| rgtg
thrho|gt h|}g thgcamgm; ho rtaeht cxigt# cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm q |jdth }jmj cg wxh
ng~jthlh hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j0 ho |hixomj cxigt# hc lgedaj mh rht|rhl}a~g mh|mh cg }hjtåg mhcmánala} g cg }hjtåg mhc áva}j0 q ho }htlht cxigt# oj ehoj| aerjt}go}h rjtwxh |xrjoh xog lxh|}aüo
ao}hitgc q }tgo|~ht|gc# cg rht|rhl}a~g mh iáohtj/
J| thea}j g mj| ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh oj| rxhmho gqxmgt g thrho|gt oxh|}tg| amhg| q oxh|}tg|
rtçl}alg|/ Cg rtaehtg mh Gehcag Dgtwxåo q cg |hixomg mh Kj|á Go}joaj Gchith q \ac~ag Lgttg|lj/ Q
|aixahomj ljo cg }üoalg mh h|}h mjlxeho}j ~jq g fglhtcj# mh oxh~j# ho lcg~h mh rthixo}g|/
ºLxçomj mhkgo mh |ht aoeaitgo}h| cj| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|:
Grhog| thljojlamj| h|}j| ehojth| q kü~hoh| ngc}go aolcx|j cg| lg}hijtåg| ljo cg| wxh ojedtgtch|/ H|
lxtaj|j wxh ljo cj| g÷j| wxh qg cch~g cg hvrhtaholag eaitg}jtag ho H|rg÷g# fgdahomj oglamj exlfj|
fakj| h fakg| mh rht|jog| wxh cchigtjo rjt rtaehtg ~h{# q lxgomj herh{gej| g fgdcgt mh |hixomg|
ihohtglajoh|# eh rthixo}j# ºfg|}g lxçomj:# ºfg|}g lxçomj |h |aixh |ahomj aoeaitgo}h:
Ljergt}j hc ao}httjigo}h q cg| manhtho}h| thnchvajoh| wxh Gehcag Dgtwxåo &4221! }tgo|ea}h ho |x
cûlamj gt}ålxcj q ljaolamj ljo hccg ho |x lthholag mh wxh |jo lxh|}ajoh| wxh wxahoh| }tgdgkgej| ho
h|}j| çeda}j| mhdhej| gdjtmgt q thnchvajogt }hoahomj ho lxho}g cj rtj~a|ajogc mh h|}j|
ljolhr}j|/ Rgtg eå# h|}j| lfalj| |jo rta~achiagmj| rjtwxh lgmg ~h{ h| eç| ljeûo wxh
rht}hoh{lgo g eç| mh xo ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc# q ho }jmj| hccj| |jo ljerh}ho}h|/ Gmwxahtho exlfj|hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| mh lxgcwxaht jtaiho |ao }hoht rjt wxá rhtmht |x rtjrag amho}amgm/
H|j h| cj aerjt}go}h# cg ohlh|amgm mh thnchvaüo ho }jtoj g cg amho}amgm mh oa÷j| q kü~hoh| q g cg nxolaüo
mh cg h|lxhcg q hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho |x ljo|}txllaüo/ H| h~amho}h wxh ljo hc }tg}geaho}j manhtholagmj wxh
ch rjmhej| mgt g }tg~á| mh cg| gl}a}xmh| q mh cg| rtçl}alg| lj}amagog|# ho dg|}go}h| jlg|ajoh| ch
h|}gej| }tgo|ea}ahomj xo eho|gkh ohig}a~j mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm# –fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|―# –mh gccå# mh
gwxå―/ Cj| lfalj| q lfalg| wxh ~a~ho ho h|}g |jlahmgm q rgt}alargo ho h|}g h|lxhcg ho}th j}tj| cxigth|#
|jo mh gwxå q# cg h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt mhdhtåg nglaca}gt hc rtjlh|j mh aoljtrjtglaüo g cg |jlahmgm mh
gwxå# rjt |xrxh|}j mh|mh hc th|rh}j g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm/
–Rgtg cg h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g# rjt }go}j# oj fgq oa÷j| cjlgch| q oa÷j| hv}tgokhtj|# oj fgq oa÷j| mh mho}tj
q oa÷j| mh nxhtg/ ]jmj| cj| oa÷j| |jo rtjraj|/ Q cjitgt wxh cj |aho}go g|å h| nxomgeho}gc―/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 91/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/66/ / / / / / / / /
ºLxçch| |jo cg| lcg~h| mhc áva}j mh cg| lfalg| q cj| lfalj| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| q
mh ngeacag| ia}gog|:
Cg ao~h|}aiglaüo mh Kj|á Go}joaj Gchith q \ac~ag Lgttg|lj ljtth|rjomh g xog ao~h|}aiglaüo hortjnxomamgm |jdth cg| lfalg| q lfalj| ia}goj|# rhtj wxh h| dg|}go}h grcalgdch g lxgcwxaht eaojtåg#
ho h|}h lg|j# ho ljolth}j# g cg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h/ Rjt |xrxh|}j# |gc~gomj cg h|rhlanalamgm mh
lgmg xoj mh cj| ljchl}a~j|/
Ho rtaeht cxigt mhlat# wxh hc ljolhr}j mh iáohtj oj| thea}h g cg lxc}xtg rjtwxh g}tadxqh rgx}g| mh
ljerjt}geaho}j h|rhlånalg| |jlagceho}h ljo|}txamg| g fjedth| q exkhth|/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g mh
iáohtj oj| gqxmg g xo ehkjt ho}homaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# oj| ho|h÷g cg rcxtgcamgm mho}tj mh cg
ma~ht|amgm mh cj| ljo}hv}j| wxh ch| aoncxqho/ Cj| lgedaj| ho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| h|}ço
rtj}gijoa{gmj| h|rhlagceho}h rjt exkhth| q gnhl}go g exkhth| q fjedth|# g lfalj| q lfalg|# |ao
jc~amgt wxh |h mgo mho}tj mh xo ljo}hv}j icjdgc mh thcglajoh|/
Xog ao~h|}aiglaüo mh Iüeh{%Dxhoj q gc}/ mhc 4224# la}gmj| rjt Gchith q Lgttg|lj grxo}g xo mg}j
|aioanalg}a~j; –cg| gcxeog| }ahoho egqjth| oa~hch| mh áva}j q ehojth| oa~hch| mh ma|txr}a~amgm q# |ao
mxmg# |x ljo}aoxamgm glgmáealg h| rtjrjtlajogceho}h |xrhtajt g cg mh cj| gcxeoj|# |a }hohej| ho
lxho}g |x aoljergtgdcheho}h rhjt |a}xglaüo mh ngeacag| q ljexoamgmh|―
]jmj hccj oj| cch~g g mj| ljo|amhtglajoh|; cg ohlh|amgm mh thljo|amhtgt cg |xrxh|}g
hvlhrlajogcamgm mhc áva}j q ljo}aoxamgm ho}th cg| lfalg| q cg| exkhth| ia}gog| q# ho |hixomj cxigt#
cg ma|rjoadacamgm q hc aergl}j thcg}a~j| mh cj| thlxt|j| mhrhomaho}h| mh cg| gl}xglajoh| rjcå}alg|
mh|}aogmg| g ia}goj|# aoeaitgo}h| q*j iho}h mh lcg|h| rjdth| ho ihohtgc/ \h fglh# rxh|# lgmg ~h{
eç| xtiho}h; rtjnxoma{gt ho hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| ljomalajoh| wxh ng~jthlho hc áva}j q cg
ljo}aoxamgm hmxlg}a~g q |x aoncxholag ho cj| rtjlh|j| mh lgedaj| |jlajlxc}xtgch|/
Cg ljolcx|aüo ihohtgc mh manhtho}h| gx}jth| h| mjdch# cg| lxgch| ljergt}j rchogeho}h; mho}tj mh
h|}j| itxrj| mh gcxeoj| fgq xog rtjrjtlaüo mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo th|xc}gmj| glgmáealj|
hvlhcho}h|# wxh g ehoxmj |h aiojtgo q oj |at~ho rgtg ljedg}at cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|
gc}geho}h tglagca{gmj| rtjqhl}gmj| |jdth hc th|}j mhc gcxeogmj0 q ho |hixomj cxigt# |a oj fgq
oaoixog ao}ht~holaüo mhlamamg q |j|}hoamg# cg }homholag gl}xgc goxolag xo gxeho}j mh h|}g|
mh|aixgcmgmh| ho hc nx}xtj rjtwxh cg aoeho|g egqjtåg mh cj| th|rjo|gdch| hmxlg}a~j| cjlgch| oj|h }jego |htageho}h cj| hnhl}j| mh cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo tglagc/
Ho j}tg| rgcgdtg|# qg h|}gej| }gtmgomj ho aoljtrjtgt h|g rht|rhl}a~g mh iáohtj mh egohtg ao}hitgc
rgtg ~a|adaca{gt g cg ea}gm mh cg rjdcglaüo/ Mheg|agmj fhej| }gtmgmj ho mh|lxdtat g cg| exkhth| mho}tj
mh cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| lxgomj fgo thrth|ho}gmj xo itgo rtj}gijoa|ej mho}tj mh cj| ea|ej|/
Rjt j}tj cgmj# qg h|}ç daho mh madxkgt |aherth xog thgcamgm mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g }go ohig}a~g
|gdahomj lüej |jo cg| lj|g| wxh oj nxolajogo ho }jmj| h|}j| rtjlh|j|# rgtg lgedagt g xog
rht|rhl}a~g mh |gdht wxh lxgomj cg| lj|g| nxolajogo# fgq iho}h wxh }ahoh }tgqhl}jtag| mh áva}j q
|jdth }jmj |gdht rjt wxá/ Rgtgntg|hgomj g Vg~aht Dh|gcû &4272!; Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc#
aolcx|a~g q ljhmxlg}a~g h| xo rtjqhl}j mh áva}j h|ljcgt# rht|jogc q |jlagc/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 92/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 61/ / / / / / / / /
=%% Gcixoj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg; cg ao}hitglaüo# ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm h aolcx|aüo
Cj| th}j| wxh h|}j| lfalj| q lfalg| rcgo}hgo g cg| |jlahmgmh| mh gljiamg oj |ücj hvaiho hcgdjtgt
xo ma|lxt|j ljfhtho}h# rjcå}algeho}h ljtthl}j# wxh ng~jth{lg cg aolcx|aüo ex}xg ho}th cg |jlahmgmmh gljiamg q cj| aoeaitgo}h|# }go}j aoma~amxgc ljej ljchl}a~geho}h# |aoj wxh hvaiho wxh |h
rjoigo ho egtlfg rcgoh| q rjcå}alg| ljfhtho}h| q h|}gdch| wxh grjqho malfg aolcx|aüo q wxh |at~go
rgtg cxlfgt ljo}tg cj| tah|ij| mh cg egtiaoglaüo q cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo/
Rhtj oj |jo cj| ûoalj| th}j|; rgtg wxh xog |jlahmgm cchixh g |ht thgceho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc# ao}hitgmjtg#
aolcx|a~g# }jmj| cj| itxrj| wxh cg ao}hitgo mhdho h|}gt ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm# |hg lxgc |hg |x
lxc}xtg/ H| ohlh|gtaj wxh |h ljedaoho exlfj| h|nxht{j| wxh aercawxho gc ljokxo}j mh cg |jlahmgm/ H|
manålac rjmht g~go{gt |a |h mataiho h|}j| h|nxht{j|# ûoalgeho}h# fglag xog mh cg| rgt}h| aercalgmg|# h|
mhlat# |ücj ljo cj| –itxrj| egqjta}gtaj|― j |ücj ljo cj| –itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|―/
Cj wxh h| h~amho}h h| wxh h|}j| th}j| fgo fhlfj exlfj eç| h~amho}h wxh ~a~aej| ho xog
|jlahmgm mjomh cg rcxtgcamgm lxc}xtgc h| xog ljo|}go}h; h| xo fhlfj atthnx}gdch/ Ho cj| lho}tj|
h|ljcgth|# cg rth|holag mh lfalj| q lfalg| mh –j}tg| lxc}xtg|― |h fg fhlfj ~a|adch ho cj| ûc}aej|
g÷j|; h| xog thgcamgm aoohigdch/ J}tg lj|g daho manhtho}h |jo cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ao}ht~holaüo wxh |h
hcgdjtgo q cch~go g cg rtçl}alg go}h h|}g| h~amholag|/ Rjt h|j h| aerjt}go}h mhnaoat lcgtgeho}h
gcixog| lxh|}ajoh| |jdth cg| wxh ra~j}go cj| rcgoh| q rtjqhl}j| |jlagch| q hmxlg}a~j|/
ºMh wxá }arj mh ao}hitglaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g h|}gej| fgdcgomj:
Cg ao}hitglaüo hmxlg}a~g mhdh |ht xog mh cg| rtajtamgmh| mhc nx}xtj/ Fg|}g gfjtg |ücj cg|
ljerh}holag| caoióå|}alg| q cg gmwxa|alaüo mh xo oa~hc mh h|}xmaj| |xnalaho}h fgo ljo|}a}xamj cj|
jdkh}a~j| eç| aerjt}go}h| rgtg ljo|hixat xog dxhog ao}hitglaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g/ \ao eaox|~gcjtgt
oaoixoj mh cj| cjitj| ljo|hixamj| ho h|}h |ho}amj fg|}g gfjtg# ljo|amhtgej| wxh gûo wxhmg
exlfj rjt lgeaogt ho hc grtj~hlfgeaho}j mh }jmg| cg| rj|adacamgmh| wxh cg hmxlglaüo holahttg
ljej ngl}jt mh ao}hitglaüo q oj |ücj mh cj| fakj| h fakg| mh aoeaitgo}h|# |aoj }gedaáo mh cg|
rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| q mh cg rjdcglaüo h|rg÷jcg/ Wxhmg exlfj rjt gomgt rgtg wxh cg hmxlglaüo
rxhmg ljo|}a}xat|h ljej xoj| mh cj| ngl}jth| eç| thch~go}h| ho cg cxlfg ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc
q ho rtj mh cg ao}hitglaüo/
Xog ao}hitglaüo# ljo|amhtgmg mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g exc}amaeho|ajogc# mjomh cj| ma|}ao}j|
çeda}j| mh cg ea|eg |h holxho}tgo ao}htthcglajogmj|# mjomh cj| th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| ho xoj mh
hccj| thnxht{g lgmg xoj mh cj| mh j}tj|/ Ho}homamg h|}g ljej rtjlh|j damathllajogc# cj lxgc jdcaig g
mataiat cj| h|nxht{j| rjt aixgc }go}j fglag cg ohlh|amgm mh ao}hitgt g cj| aoeaitgo}h|# ljej fglag cg|
gl}a}xmh| mh cg| |jlahmgmh| thlhr}jtg|# mh |x| laxmgmgoj|# |x| h|}txl}xtg| q |x| jtigoa{glajoh|/
Cg ao}hitglaüo }tg}gmg ho |x }j}gcamgm# gdjig rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh aoljtrjtgt g cj| aoeaitgo}h| ho
}jmj| cj| g|rhl}j| mh cg |jlahmgm# aolcxamj| cj| çeda}j| lå~alj# lxc}xtgc q rjcå}alj# q cg hmxlglaüo
ljej xoj eç|/ Xog hmxlglaüo# ho}homamg ljej hc ao|}txeho}j dç|alj wxh oj| rhtea}atç egohkgt
h|}h th}j# |a h| ljolhdamg mh|mh xog maeho|aüo ljexoa}gtag/
Cg| rht|jog| oj| ej~hej| ho eûc}arch| ljo}hv}j|# h|lxhcg# ngeacag# g|jlaglajoh| q lho}tj| mh
}aherj cadth# ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo# q ho }jmj| hccj| oj| hmxlgej|/ Cj| mh|}aog}gtaj| q
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 93/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/12/ / / / / / / / /
mh|}aog}gtag| mh cg jtaho}glaüo mh cg hmxlglaüo ho h|}j| oxh~j| h|lhogtaj| hmxlg}a~j| |jej|
}jmj| q }jmg|/ ]hoht ho lxho}g h|j| manhtho}h| ljo}hv}j| oj| cch~g g egohkgtoj| ljo xo ljolhr}j
mh hmxlglaüo wxh ~g eç| gccç mhc |a|}heg mh hmxlglaüo njtegc# lxqg egqjt th|rjo|gdacamgm |h cg
g|aiogej| gc ho}jtoj h|lxhcg/ Xog hmxlglaüo wxh |h mg g cj cgtij mh }jmg cg ~amg# xog hmxlglaüorjt }go}j mh oa÷j|# kü~hoh| j gmxc}j|# ljolhdamg }gedaáo ho |x |ho}amj eç| nxolajogc# ljej
lgrgla}glaüo rtjnh|ajogc rgtg h|}j| ûc}aej|# qg wxh h|}g rxhmh kxigt xo rgrhc aerjt}go}h rgtg hc
g|lho|j |jlagc mh lxgcwxaht rht|jog/ Rgtg exlfg| rht|jog| cj wxh h|}ç ho kxhij oj h| cg
ljo}aoxamgm |aoj xog |hixomg jrjt}xoamgm qg wxh hc áva}j j ntglg|j mh cg ao}hitglaüo mhrhomh
|jdth }jmj mh cjitgt xog ehkjt |a}xglaüo hljoüealg/
Xog hmxlglaüo }gedaáo mh|mh cg h|lxhcg# fjq ho måg xoj mh cj| h|rglaj| lg|a ûoalj ho}th rht|jog|
mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| mjomh cg rth|holag exc}alxc}xtgc |h fglh eç| h~amho}h/ Cg h|lxhcg# ljej
çeda}j rthnhtho}h mh ao}htgllajoh| ljo}aoxgmg| q cxigt mh rjcå}alg| h|rhlånalg|# wxh |a ljo|aixh
|xrhtgt cj| h|}hthj}arj| wxh rth|ajogo |jdth hccg |h }tgo|njtegtç ho xo cxigt lcg~h rgtg hcgrthoma{gkh mh cg ljo~a~holag# maogea{gmjt mh rtjlh|j| mh ao}hitglaüo/ Rhtj rgtg wxh }jmj hccj |h
fgig hnhl}a~j# h| ohlh|gtaj q nxomgeho}gc cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg ea|eg# mh }jmj hc |a|}heg
hmxlg}a~j ho gcij wxh |hg cj |xnalaho}heho}h gercaj ljej rgtg wxh thgceho}h }jmj hc exomj
rxhmg cjitgt hc áva}j glgmáealj# |ao thoxolagt g xog dxhog njteglaüo wxh rthrgth gc gcxeogmj
rgtg ~a~at ho |jlahmgm ljo lgcamgm/ Cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg ea|eg }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo lxh|}ajoh| oj
h|}tal}geho}h }áloalg| j rhmgiüialg|# |aoj h|holagceho}h rjcå}alg| q lxc}xtgch| dg|gmg| ho hc
mh|gttjccj mh cj| rtaolaraj| mh kx|}alag q hwxamgm/ Xog }tgo|njteglaüo hoegtlgmg mho}tj mh xo
ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j mhejltç}alj# aolcx|a~j q hegolargmjt# hc ûoalj lgrg{ mh cch~gt g lgdj xog
hmxlglaüo dg|gmg ho rtaolaraj| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# aolcx|aüo# njtegmjtg mh oxh~j|
laxmgmgoj| q laxmgmgog|/
Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ho}homamg ljej nglaca}gmjtg mh thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| rj|a}a~g| q mhc
thljojlaeaho}j q th|rh}j rjt cg| amho}amgmh| manhtholagmg|# h| mhlat aixgcmgm ho hc |ho}amj eç|
rtjnxomj# q mh maçcjij q rgt}alarglaüo ho cg ~amg |jlagc q rûdcalg rth|ho}h# q ho cg hcgdjtglaüo mh cj|
rtjqhl}j| ljchl}a~j| mh nx}xtj# h| mhlat ljo~a~holag thgc wxh oj ljhva|}holag j }jchtgolag/
Mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g mh cg aolcx|aüo# |h }tg}g mh dx|lgt th|rxh|}g| g cg| |a}xglajoh| mh
mh|aixgcmgm q hvlcx|aüo rgtg wxh cg hmxlglaüo rxhmg |ht~at g }jmj| q g }jmg|/ Cj wxh |h mhojeaog
h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g }ahoh exlfj wxh ~ht ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo q ljo wxh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| }hoigo cg|ea|eg| rj|adacamgmh| mh áva}j/ Cg h|lxhcg# ljej h|rglaj rgtg grthomht g ljo~a~at q |ht
laxmgmgoj| q g th|jc~ht*thixcgt ljoncal}j|/ Cg h|lxhcg mhdh tha~aomalgt |x rgrhc njteg}a~j ho
h|}g çthg rgtg at }hkahomj xog |jlahmgm ljo ehkjth| lj}g| mh ljo~a~holag/
H|}j| mhdho |ht cj| itgomh| jdkh}a~j| g cjitgt q hc th|}j |jo ehmaj| rgtg gclgo{gtcj|; cg|
eh}jmjcjiåg| mh }tgdgkj# cj| ehmagmjth| |jlagch| ao}htlxc}xtgch|# cj| hwxarj| mh ehmaglaüo# cj|
|a|}heg| mh gqxmg ho}th aixgch|# cj| rcgoh| mh gljiamg# hc }tgdgkj ljo ngeacag|# h}l/
\ao ehoj|lgdgt cg aerjt}golag mh cg h|lxhcg# lxgomj fgdcgej| mh hmxlglaüo fjq ho måg oj|
rgthlh eç| glht}gmj h|}gt rho|gomj }gedaáo ho j}tg| thgcamgmh| mjomh }gedaáo |h cch~go g lgdjrtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j|# ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| exlfj eç| ljohl}gmj| ljo cj lj}amagoj q ljo cg|
ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| wxh rgt}alargo ho hccj|/ Cg hmxlglaüo rxhmh cchigt g |ht xo ngl}jt mh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 94/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 95/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/14/ / / / / / / / /
aonjtegch| mh kü~hoh| wxh mh|gttjccgo rtjqhl}j| j gl}a~amgmh| mh goaeglaüo q }aherj cadth wxh |h
lgtgl}hta{go rjt cg dû|wxhmg mh gc}htog}a~g| q |jcxlajoh| g cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |jlagceho}h
rthjlxrgo q wxh ~ahoho jnht}gomj xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj h ao}htlgedaj mjomh cj ao}htlxc}xtgc
jlxrg xo h|rglaj aerjt}go}h mho}tj mhc ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| q gl}a~amgmh| wxh cch~go g lgdj/
H|}j| çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc }aherj cadth q mh cg goaeglaüo |jlajlxc}xtgc |jo h|rhlagceho}h
|aioanalg}a~j| rjt cg nchvadacamgm q cg lgrglamgm mh ihohtgt thcglajoh| q rgt}alarglaüo/ \jo h|rglaj|
amüohj| rgtg cg ljo~a~holag q hc grthoma{gkh mh ~gcjth| wxh |h |x|}ho}go ho hc th|rh}j# cg aixgcmgm q
cg |jcamgtamgm# rgtg ao}ht~hoat ho rtjlh|j| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh|mh hccj| |h ~ahoho gdtahomj
thnchvajoh| q thgca{gomj rtjrxh|}g| eh}jmjcüialg| ljolth}g| wxh nglaca}go hc }tgdgkj mh
ao}ht~holaüo ljo aoeaitgo}h| q gx}ül}joj|/ Ho h|}j| h|rglaj| lgmg ~h{ |jo eç| cg| rht|jog|
rthjlxrgmg| rjt }tgdgkgt ho xo ejmhcj mh ljo~a~holag# mjomh ehojth| q kü~hoh| rgt}alarho ljo
cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh| ho cj| çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| q |jlagch| mhc }aherj cadth/
>%% Cg h|lxhcg q j}tj| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|; ºwxá }hohej|# wxá oj| ngc}g q wxá oj| |jdtg:
Ljej thnhtho}h }hohej| xo dxho oûehtj mh hvrhtaholag| ho xo ljokxo}j mh rgå|h| wxh fgo
ljojlamj mh|mh fglh }aherj hc nhoüehoj# rhtj |jdth }jmj ho }htta}jtaj| lhtlgoj| mjomh |h fgo
mh|gttjccgmj h|}tg}hiag| mh g}holaüo h|ljcgt h|rhlånalg| rgtg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h hv}tgokhtg/
Ljo}gt# gogca{gt q ~gcjtgt h|h ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| oj| gqxmg g g~go{gt gcixog| ra|}g| mh ho wxá
ejeho}j oj| holjo}tgej| ljo th|rhl}j g cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| ho lxgo}j g
cj hmxlg}a~j# ho xo |ho}amj gercaj# q ho wxá ejeho}j |h holxho}tg oxh|}tj |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j mh
egohtg eç| rgt}alxcgt/ H| ea ao}holaüo rjmht thnchvajogt |jdth gcixoj| g|rhl}j| |jdth cj| wxh
ljo|amhtj aerjt}go}h mh}hohtoj| rgtg |gdht ho wxá |ho}amj h|}gej| }tgo|njtegomj oxh|}tg
h|lxhcg q |jlahmgm# rgtg gclgo{gt egqjth| lj}g| mh kx|}alag q mh aixgcmgm/
Mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g lxgo}a}g}a~g# |hiûo hc g~golh h|}gmå|}alj thgca{gmj rjt hc Eaoa|}htaj mh
Hmxlglaüo q Laholag# hc ta}ej mh lthlaeaho}j mh aoljtrjtglaüo gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j mhc gcxeogmj
njtegmj rjt fakj| h fakg| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h|# fg |amj ljo}aoxj/ Xo aonjteh mhc Lho}tj mh
Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Mjlxeho}glaüo Hmxlg}a~g &LAMH# 4228! grjt}g xog ~a|aüo rgojtçealg mh cgrth|holag mh gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho cg gxcg| h|rg÷jcg| cchigomj g cg ljolcx|aüo mh cg rtjith|aüo
lthlaho}h mh á|}h dç|algeho}h ho cg Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag q ljo rj|adch aoltheho}j ho cg H\J ho cj|
rtüvaej| g÷j|/ Xo gcxeogmj egqjta}gtageho}h rtjlhmho}h mh Geátalg mhc \xt# ma|}tadxamj mh
egohtg mh|aixgc |hiûo Ljexoamgmh| Gx}üojeg| q h|ljcgta{gmj “xo 98( mh h|}h gcxeogmj% ho
lho}tj| rûdcalj|/ Th|rhl}j g cg Igtgo}åg \jlagc# cg rtjith|aüo ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| mhc gcxeogmj
hv}tgokhtj wxh fg lxt|gmj h|}j| rtjitgeg| fg |amj |jtrthomho}h# h|rhlagceho}h g rgt}at mhc lxt|j
4224%422</
Rgt}aej| mh wxh cg rth|holag mh gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ho cg| h|lxhcg|# ho cg rtçl}alg# fg
lthgmj exq rjlj| rtjdcheg| oxh~j| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# rhtj |ao hedgtij }ahoh cg ~at}xm mhfgdht fhlfj eç| itgomh| q h~amho}h| cj| rtjdcheg| oj th|xhc}j| q g÷gmamj oxh~g| manalxc}gmh| g
cg }gthg mh ljo|}txllaüo mh xog hmxlglaüo mh lgcamgm rgtg }jmj| q rgtg }jmg|/ Gûo g|å |h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 96/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 1</ / / / / / / / /
ego}ahoho honjwxh| exq th|}taoiamj| dg|gmj| ho cj –rtjdcheç}alj― mh cg rth|holag mh itgo rgt}h
mh h|}h gcxeogmj/ Cg }hjtåg mhc mánala}# g|jlagmg oj |ücj gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h# |aoj }gedaáo g
j}tg| eaojtåg|# h| cj wxh rthmjeaog/ Cg| manalxc}gmh| rcgo}hgmg| |h thnahtho }go |ücj g xog rgt}h mh
cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# oj g }jmj| cj| eahedtj| wxh ljerjoho cg ea|eg/
H| laht}j wxh# ho }áteaoj| ihohtgch|# fhej| g~go{gmj exlfj ho eg}htagch|# rtjitgeg|#
gl}xglajoh|# h}l/# |jdth }jmj ho gwxhccg| wxh }ahoho ljej rtajtamgm cg |ho|adaca{glaüo# hc mh|gttjccj
mh h|}tg}hiag| wxh dtaomho cg jrjt}xoamgm mh ~a~holagt ~gcjth| mh th|rh}j# maçcjij# h}l/ Rhtj
thgceho}h |h fg g~go{gmj rjlj ho thcglaüo g cj| lgedaj| ho lxgo}j g ehmamg| jtigoa{g}a~g| mh
cj| lho}tj|# }tgo|njteglajoh| mhc lxttålxcj# j grtj~hlfgeaho}j mh j}tg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| oj
njtegch| cch~gmg| g lgdj ho hc ho}jtoj mh cj| lho}tj|/
>/7%% Gcixog| raolhcgmg| mh cj wxh |h h|}ç fglahomj ho cg h|lxhcg/
G h|}g| gc}xtg| mhc lgeaoj h| aoihoxj rho|gt wxh cj| ûoalj| |xkh}j| mh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
}ahoho wxh |ht cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| q |x| fakg| h fakj|/ Oj |jo hccg| wxahoh| }ahoho cg rtaolargc
th|rjo|gdacamgm ho cg maoçealg mh }tgo|njteglajoh|# cg rj|adacamgm q th|rjo|gdacamgm egqjt h|}ço
ho egoj| mh wxahoh| }ahoho hc rjmht mh lgedagt cg| thcglajoh| q cj| ljo}hv}j|# nxomgeho}gceho}h
mh wxahoh| }ahoho hc rjmht mh gmeaoa|}tgt cj| manhtho}h| thlxt|j| rûdcalj|/ Rjt h|j ljo oxh|}tg
eatgmg rth}homhej| at eç| gccç mh cg g}holaüo h|rhlånalg g h|}g| ngeacag| q g |x| fakg| h fakj|/
%% Cg| gl}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg| ho cg| h|lxhcg| q ho cg| gxcg| fglag cg
rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h hv}tgokhtg
Mjomh |h fgo fhlfj eç| h|nxht{j| hljoüealj| q rht|jogch|# }go}j mh|mh cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh|
ljej mh|mh cg| rtjrag| h|lxhcg|# h| ho nglaca}gt hc grthoma{gkh mh cg| choixg| jnalagch| g cj|
gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj/ Cg h|}tg}hiag eç| fgda}xgc fg |amj cg mh gm|ltadatch|# rjt xo }aherj
caea}gmj# g gxcg| h|rhlånalg| wxh }ahoho ljej jdkh}a~j rtaehtj wxh gmwxahtgo xo mjeaoaj
ljexoalglajogc eåoaej mh cg choixg mhc rgå|/ H|}g| gxcg| mh daho~hoamg j mh gljiamg ljo|a|}ho ho
xog aoeht|aüo caoióå|}alg wxh ojtegceho}h nxolajogo daho# hc rtjdcheg |h rtjmxlh gc |gcat/
Rg|g gcij rgthlamj ljo cg hmxlglaüo ljerho|g}jtag; lxgomj cj| lfalj| ljo manalxc}gmh| }tgdgkgo
ho itxrj| thmxlamj| q fjejiáohj| ljo dxhoj| rtjnh|jth| &cg egqjtåg mh cj| wxh }tgdgkgo ljo
hccj|! nxolajogo daho# rhtj gc |gcat gc itxrj mh thnhtholag |h rahtmho/ Rxhmh |ht xog }ta|}h eh}çnjtg
mh cg ao|htlaüo ho cg |jlahmgm |ao xog| ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm q mh kx|}alag/ ]jmg cg g}holaüo
h|rhlånalg &rjt choixg ma|}ao}g gc aoljtrjtgt|h gc |a|}heg# rjt h|ljcgtamgm rth~ag rthlgtag j
|a|}heg| manhtho}h|# rjt manalxc}gmh| aoma~amxgch| mh grthoma{gkh ntho}h gc lxttålxcxe# h}l/! |h fg
mh|gttjccgmj fg|}g gfjtg |hithigmgeho}h# nxhtg mh cg| gxcg| jtmaogtag|0 |ao hedgtij# cg
ao~h|}aiglaüo aomalg wxh h| eç| hnalg{ mho}tj mh cg| ea|eg|# ljo rht|jogc mh grjqj gc }x}jt/
Ljo th|rhl}j g cj| gcxeoj| –fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|― mh aoljtrjtglaüo }gtmåg gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# hcrtjdcheg wxh eç| rthjlxrg h| hc mhc grthoma{gkh mh cg choixg ~hfalxcgt mh cg h|lxhcg/ Ho h|}j|
lg|j| cj wxh ehkjt h|}ç nxolajogomj h| xo grthoma{gkh ao}ho|a~j q glhchtgmj# rgtg cj lxgc oj |aherth
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 97/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/1=/ / / / / / / / /
hva|}ho cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| wxh igtgo}alho xog h|ljcgta{glaüo cj eç| ojtegca{gmg rj|adch/ Cg|
manhtho}h| ao~h|}aiglajoh| }gedaáo fgo rxh|}j mh thcah~h cg aerjt}golag wxh }ahoh# rgtg xog dxhog
ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt mh cj| gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj# hc }hoht ho lxho}g cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogch| q
hejlajogch|/ Rjt h|j# gl}xgceho}h# ho }jmg| cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh gljiamg# h|}j| }ahoho xo rgrhc }gothch~go}h ljej cj| g|rhl}j| mh lgtçl}ht caoióå|}alj/ Ho cg rht|rhl}a~g mh rtjej~ht cg aixgcmgm mh
jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g|# ljo~ahoh wxh cj| |a|}heg| hmxlg}a~j| oj ma|ltaeaoho mh fhlfj g cj|
h|}xmago}h| mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# gcixoj| ohlh|a}gtço grjqj| h|rhlagca{gmj|#
lxgomj cj| thwxahtgo# eç| rjt |x ljomalaüo |jlagc wxh rjt |x jtaiho lxc}xtgc/
H| laht}j wxh hc |a|}heg h|ljcgt h|rg÷jc igtgo}a{g hc gllh|j g cg hmxlglaüo mh }jmj| cj| oa÷j| q
oa÷g| ho hmgmh| mh h|ljcgtamgm jdcaig}jtag# rhtj hva|}ho j}tj| exlfj| ljomalajogo}h| wxh
aoncxqho rgtg wxh oj }jmj| ma|ntx}ho mh h|}h dhohnalaj/ H| xo itgo th}j ma|}aoixat cj| jd|}çlxcj| wxh
gcixoj| gcxeoj| |h h|}ço holjo}tgomj rgtg gllhmht g cg Ho|h÷go{g \hlxomgtag j g h|}xmaj|
xoa~ht|a}gtaj| rgtg holjo}tgt cg| h|}tg}hiag| wxh gqxmho g |xrhtgtcj|/ \xrjoh }gedaáo xo itgo th}j}tgo|njtegt cg rhtlhrlaüo wxh |h }ahoh ljo th|rhl}j gc gd|ho}a|ej q ntglg|j h|ljcgt mh gcxeogmj
mh ljchl}a~j| eaojta}gtaj| ihohtgceho}h |h÷gcgomj cg| lgx|g| mh cj| ea|ej| ljej hv}htog| gc
lho}tj q gc |a|}heg/ H| laht}j wxh# g rh|gt mh cj| h|nxht{j| rjt ljedg}at cg mh|aixgcmgm mh
mh}hteaogmj| |hl}jth| |jlagch| q eaojtåg| á}oalg|# hc oa~hc mh áva}j h| thgceho}h ehojt# rhtj h|
ohlh|gtaj gogca{gt }jmj| cj| ngl}jth| wxh aoncxqho ho hccj# h|rhlagceho}h gwxhccj| thcglajogmj| ljo
hc ljo}hv}j |jlajhljoüealj ho hc wxh }ahoh cxigt cg h|ljcgta{glaüo/ Ho H|rg÷g# oj fgq
ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh grjt}ho mg}j| hvrcalg}a~j| ho h|}h |ho}amj/
Ho manhtho}h| ljexoamgmh| gx}üojeg| |h fgo rxh|}j ho nxolajogeaho}j |ht~alaj| mh }tgmxl}jth|
q mh ehmagmjth| ao}htlxc}xtgch| h|rhlagceho}h rgtg nglaca}gt cg g}holaüo mh cg| ngeacag| mh gcxeogmj
aoeaitgo}h q }gedaáo# ho h|}g ea|eg cåohg# lgmg ~h{ eç| ljeaho{go g h|}gdchlht|h glxhtmj| ljo
ho}amgmh| j g|jlaglajoh| wxh ng~jth{lgo cg ao}hitglaüo ho cj| çeda}j| h|ljcgt q |jlagc/
%% Hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc mh cg hmxlglaüo q cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho
cj| lho}tj|
Ho }áteaoj| ihohtgch| fhej| g~go{gmj ho lxgo}j gc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhc
gcxeogmj rth|ho}h ho cj| lho}tj|# ho rgt}h itglag| g cg rth|holag mh gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h/ Cg
~gcjtglaüo mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc ljej xo ~gcjt g rtjej~ht h| xo fhlfj wxh h|}ç rth|ho}h hoexlfj| rtjqhl}j| mh lho}tj q ho cg| ao}holajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/ Cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh }jmj hccj h|
xog thgcamgm g ~hlh| exq gchkgmg mh h|j| rtaolaraj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc mataiamg fglag hc
ljokxo}j mh cg rjdcglaüo h|ljcgt/ Cj wxh oj| holjo}tgej| ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| |jo ehmamg| q
rtjitgeg| hvlcx|a~geho}h ljerho|g}jtaj| mataiamj| h|rhlagceho}h fglag hc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h/
Cg| |jcxlajoh| mgmg| rjt cj| rtjraj| lho}tj| q grjqgmg| rjt cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|
|jo g|aeacglajoa|}g| q oj lgedago hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ihohtgc mh cg h|lxhcg# |aoj wxh |h ego}ahoh ljej
fjejihoha{gmjtg# dg|gmg ho xo ejmhcj mh |hchllaüo ljerh}a}a~j q hca}a|}g/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|#
cg| h|lxhcg|# chkj| mh njeho}gt xog hwxamgm ho jrjt}xoamgmh| ma~ht|g|# rtjexh~ho xog |jlahmgm ho
mjomh fgq rjlj| igogmjth| q exlfg| rht|jog| rhtmhmjtg| gmgr}gmg|# h|j gnhl}g oj |jcgeho}h gc
gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h |aoj }gedaáo gc gcxeogmj gx}ül}joj/ Cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho hc gxcg|aixh |ahomj xog g|aiog}xtg rhomaho}h# gxowxh ho h|}h lg|j oj |ücj rgtg cj| aoeaitgo}h| |aoj rgtg
lxgcwxaht gcxeoj wxh |h |gch rjt gdgkj j rjt gttadg mh cg ehmag/ Fg|}g gfjtg rjmhej| mhlat wxh fg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 98/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 18/ / / / / / / / /
fgdamj rjlj| lgedaj|# exlfj| mh hccj| |jo ntx}j mhc rtjraj ljo}gl}j# cg h|lxhcg ho h|}h |ho}amj h|
xo cxigt rta~achiagmj# rhtj g ~hlh| ljo xo cgtij lgeaoj rjt thljttht/
Xoj mh cj| itgomh| th}j| |aixh |ahomj gmhlxgt hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j g cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmjih|}ajogomj gmhlxgmgeho}h malfg ma~ht|amgm q njeho}gomj cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q
ljerh}holag| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh ejeho}j# ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h fgo amj rtjmxlahomj
gcixoj| lgedaj| eh}jmjcüialj| q jtigoa{g}a~j| rgtg g}homht cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj mh
cg| h|}tg}hiag| herchgmg| rgtg g}homht ljo lgcamgm cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmj/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj#
cj| lgedaj| ho lxgo}j g jdkh}a~j| q ljo}hoamj| mhc rtjqhl}j lxc}xtgc fgo |amj ehojth| q ljo xo
lgtçl}ht aolamho}gc j gohlmü}alj/
Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| hc rtjnh|jtgmj rhtladh }jmj h|}j ljej xo rtjdcheg# rhtj oj |h |gdh exq
daho lüej gntjo}gtcj/ Fgq ao}htá| q |ho|adacamgm g|å ljej g ~hlh| xo itgo ~jcxo}gta|ej# rhtj
}gedaáo mh|ljojlaeaho}j/ Hlfgej| mh ehoj|# ho hc rht|jogc mjlho}h# hc ao}htá| rjt ljojlht mhgcixog egohtg cj| rcgoh| lxttalxcgth| mh cj| rgå|h| hea|jth| mh aoeaitgo}h| q fgq rjlj h|nxht{j
ho mhdg}at cj| gl}xgch| rtjitgeg| j g}th~aeaho}j rgtg thgca{gt lgedaj| eç| rtjralaj| rgtg gntjo}gt
h|}g thgcamgm/ Oj |h rxhmho grcalgt cj| ea|ej| ejcmh| g xog thgcamgm }go lgedago}h# }homtåg wxh
fgdht egqjt nchvadacamgm/ Gûo wxhmg exlfj rjt fglht ho lxgo}j g cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh
ehmamg| jtigoa{g}a~g| q lxttalxcgth| wxh nglaca}ho cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg h|lxhcg ho h|rglaj mh
ljexoalglaüo# ljo~a~holag h ao}hitglaüo ho hc ho}jtoj/
Cg ljexoalglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag| |xhch |ht rjlg q lg|a |aherth ho xo |ho}amj xoamathllajogc/ H|
laht}j wxh exlfj| rgmth| q egmth| aoeaitgo}h| ljcgdjtgo exq rjlj ljo hc lho}tj mhdamj g |x|
fjtgtaj|# rhtj }gedaáo rg|g ljo rgmth| mh gx}ül}joj|/ Cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth| mhdho }jegt eç|
aoalag}a~g| go}h thgcamgmh| wxh mh|ljojlho; ºrjt wxá oj dx|lgo glhtlgt g cj| rgmth| aoeaitgo}h|#
wxh }ahoho exlfj wxh grjt}gt mh |x| hvrhtaholag| q }ahoho exlfj wxh mhlat |jdth cg hmxlglaüo mh
|x| fakj|: H| laht}j wxh fgq manalxc}gmh| ho lxgo}j g ma|rj|alaüo fjtgtag ho}th j}tj|# rhtj lthhej|
wxh hc h|nxht{j mhdh rgt}at mh cj| ljchiaj| q g|jlaglajoh| rgtg |xrhtgt h|}g| dgtthtg| q g|å
njeho}gt xo ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj/
Hc rgrhc mh cj| rtjnh|jth| h| nxomgeho}gc# mh gfå cg ohlh|amgm wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj thladg xog
njteglaüo aoalagc q rhtegoho}h rht}aoho}h wxh ch rhtea}g thljojlht cj| ao}hth|h| q ohlh|amgmh|
h|rhlånalg| mh |x| h|}xmago}h| q mh h|}g egohtg rxhmg ~gcjtgt eç| cg| grjt}glajoh| mh cj|gcxeoj| q mh |x| ngeacag|/ Cg njteglaüo# fjq rjt fjq |aixh |ahomj ~jcxo}gta|}g h aoma~amxgc# ljo
rjlj| thnhtho}h| mh dxhog| rtçl}alg| ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho cg h|lxhcg/
%% Cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh gntjo}geaho}j mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag
H|}gej| ho cj| aoalaj|# fgq exlfj rjt fglht ljo cg| ngeacag|# ljo cj| lfg~gch| q ljo hc
rtjnh|jtgmj/ Rjlj g rjlj ljeaho{g g fgdht gcixoj| aolamho}h| mh|gitgmgdch| ho lho}tj| mjomh
hc }heg mh egtlgt cg manhtholag á}oalg ljeaho{g g h|}gt exq rth|ho}h q h|}j# g ~hlh|# |h gntjo}g
ljej gcij ga|cgmj q |h kx|}analg ljej xo rtjdcheg mh ljo}tjc mh hejlajoh| q mh|gmgr}glaüo gc
itxrj/ ]gedaáo fgq glj|j fglag exlfg iho}h q rjt tg{joh| mh |ht manhtho}h ho ao}hcaiholag# ho|hvj# ho rgå| mh rtjlhmholag# ho fgdacamgmh| rgtg thcglajogt|h# h}l/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 99/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/1>/ / / / / / / / /
\h fglh ohlh|gtaj wxh ho}homgej| lüej nxolajogo cj| rtjlh|j| rgtg ma|ltaeaogt g mh}hteaogmj|
rht|jog| j itxrj| |jlagch| rjt tg{joh| mh lcg|h# mh iáohtj# h}oag x jtaho}glaüo |hvxgc rjtwxh h|}j|
|aixho xoj| lgeaoj| exq rgthlamj|# }tg}gomj mh ljo~holhtoj| mh wxh h|}g| rht|jog| j itxrj| |jo
mádach| j rjlg lj|g# rjlj ejmhtoj|# h|lcg~j| mh cg thcaiaüo j mh lj|}xedth| go}aixg|/ Ho h|}h|ho}amj oj |h fgo mh|gttjccgmj rtj}jljcj| mh gl}xglaüo rgtg wxh cj| lho}tj| fgigo gcij thgc g ng~jt
mh cg rth~holaüo mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag# ao|}a}xlajogc q ho}th aixgch|/ Cg ao~h|}aiglaüo aomalg wxh
fgq wxh gdjtmgt hvrcåla}geho}h q thrh}amgeho}h h|}g| lxh|}ajoh| ho cj| lho}tj|# ho hc egtlj mh cj|
mheç| g|rhl}j| mh cg ljo~a~holag q hc glj|j ho}th aixgch|# gdtahomj h|rglaj| q mh|aiogomj
rht|jog| mh thnhtholag rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj rxhmg glxmat g aonjtegt|h j rhmat gqxmg/ H|
aerth|laomadch fglht ntho}h g }jmg| cg| gith|ajoh| mh lgtçl}ht lcg|a|}g# |hva|}g q fjeünjdj ljo
mhla|aüo ljo|}txqhomj xo ho}jtoj mjomh oj wxhrg oaoiûo }arj mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo/
%% Rjcå}alg| hmxlg}a~g| mh ao}hitglaüo
Cg| manhtho}h| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| g|å ljej |x| mataiho}h| rjcå}alj| }ahoho xog itgo th|rjo|gdacamgm
ho |x rgrhc mh hmxlgmjth| rûdcalj| q g cg fjtg mh njeho}gt xog gl}a}xm rj|a}a~g fglag cj|
aoeaitgo}h| rgtg ljedg}at cg| }homholag| tgla|}g| q vhoünjdg|/ Cg ao}hitglaüo hnhl}a~g mh cj|
aoeaitgo}h|# g|å ljej cg mh |x| fakj| h fakg| mhrhomh nxomgeho}gceho}h mh wxh |x| mhthlfj| q
jdcaiglajoh| |h ~gqgo hwxargtgomj rtjith|a~geho}h g cj| mh cj| laxmgmgoj| oglajogch|/ Hc gllh|j
oj |ücj g cj| |ht~alaj|# |aoj }gedaáo g }jmj| gwxhccj| h|rglaj| mh rgt}alarglaüo# ~g ihohtgomj cg|
ljomalajoh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg wxh cj| aoeaitgo}h| hkht{go xog laxmgmgoåg gl}a~g/
Ho gcixog| ljexoamgmh| fgq xog rjcå}alg hvrcåla}g mh ljcjlgt g cg egqjt rgt}h mh aoeaitgo}h| q
eaojtåg| ho cg h|lxhcg rûdcalg/ Rjt j}tj cgmj hva|}ho lho}tj| wxh |xntho xo rtjlh|j mh eg|analglaüo
wxh |h ~go ixh}a{gomj q wxh cj| glgdgo lhttgomj/ Hva|}ho h|}xmaj| |jdth hc aergl}j mh fgdht |amj
ljo|amhtgmj xo rtjdcheg g thma|}tadxat# wxh rcgo}hgo wxh oj h| rj|adch grcalgt ehmamg| mh h|}h
}arj |ao cg ljolxttholag mh mj| ngl}jth| lcg~h| rgtg cjitgt cj| jdkh}a~j| mh|hgmj|; xoj# wxh }jmj|
cj| gcxeoj| mh }jmj| cj| lho}tj| rgt}alarho mh hccj ho cg| ea|eg| ljomalajoh| q# mj|# wxh |h aoalah
ho cg| gxcg| xo }tgdgkj ao}ho|a~j mh glhtlgeaho}j ao}htrht|jogc q gnhl}a~j/
>/4%% Cg ohlh|amgm mh xo rtjqhl}j ao}hitgc/ Ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j njtegc
Lthj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj ho}homht wxh oj |ücj h|}gej| fgdcgomj mh xog rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g# |aoj wxh
}gedaáo oj| thnhtaej| g xog rjcå}alg hmxlg}a~g q |jlagc# wxh igtgo}alh cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| mh
}jmj| q mh }jmg|# hc th|rh}j rjt cg ma~ht|amgm q cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho ljo|hlxholag |jo eûc}arch|
cj| lgeaoj| g |hixat/ Gxowxh h|rhlagceho}h hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j rxhmg |ht hc hkh |jdth hc wxh mh|gttjccgt
}jmj h|}j/ Cg ljo}tadxlaüo mhc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j g xog |jlahmgm ao}htlxc}xtgc# g ea rgthlht# mhdh iatgt |jdth
}th| itgomh| cåohg| wxh# ljercheho}gtageho}h# |x|}ho}go hc rtjlh|j rgtg lgeaogt ho cg }tgo|alaüo mh|mh
xog |jlahmgm exc}alxc}xtgc fglag j}tg mjomh cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc |hg xog thgcamgm lj}amagog;
%% Ho hc h|nxht{j ohlh|gtaj rgtg ljo}tgtth|}gt lxgcwxaht njteg mh hvlcx|aüo/
%% Ho cg rtjejlaüo q njeho}j mh cj| ~gcjth| q cg| gl}a}xmh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj
hvrhtaholag| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 100/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 19/ / / / / / / / /
%%Q ho hc mh|gttjccj mh }jmg| gwxhccg| }tgo|njteglajoh| h|}txl}xtgch| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cg
rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh h|j| ~gcjth|/
%% Ho hc h|nxht{j ohlh|gtaj rgtg ljo}tgtth|}gt lxgcwxaht njteg mh hvlcx|aüorth|ho}h ho cg h|lxhcg/
Ohlh|a}gej| cch~gt g lgdj xo rtjnxomj h|}xmaj mhc ljo}hv}j# xo goçca|a| wxh |at~g rgtg mh}hl}gt cg
glhr}glaüo q cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# wxh oj| ~g g cch~gt atthehmagdcheho}h g ma|h÷gt gl}a~amgmh| wxh
rxhmgo |ht~at rgtg njeho}gt cg lthglaüo mh h|rglaj| mh holxho}tj q ljexoalglaüo }go}j ho hc gxcg
ljej ho hc lho}tj# q eç| rgt}alxcgteho}h rgtg rjmht njeho}gt cg gx}jh|}aeg ho}th hc gcxeogmj/
H|}tg}hiag| |x|lhr}adch| mh ljo}tgtth|}gt gwxhccg| gllajoh| wxh rj|adaca}go cg hvlcx|aüo mh
lxgcwxaht –eaojtåg―/ Hc }tgdgkj ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc wxh |h rcg|eg ho cg h|lxhcg h| hc aoalaj mh
xog rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Q }jmg| h|}g| rtçl}alg| mhdho |ht h|}tg}hiag|
~gcamg| rgtg fglht eç| hnhl}a~j hc rtaolaraj mh xog h|lxhcg aixgc rgtg }jmj| q }jmg|/
]hoht ho lxho}g# cg aerjt}golag mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo rthlj{ mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rht}hohlaho}h| g
itxrj| eaojta}gtaj| rgtg igtgo}a{gt }go}j |x |jlagca{glaüo ljej xog thgc aixgcmgm mh
jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| q |jlagch|/ ^hcgt rgtg wxh hc rtjlh|j mh }tgo|alaüo mh cg ngeacag g cg
h|lxhcg |hg cj ehoj| }tgxeç}alj rj|adch/ Grgt}h mh cg g÷jtgo{g wxh |xrjoh rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j| q
oa÷g| hc gllh|j g cg h|lxhcg# ho hc lg|j mh cj| gcxeoj| eaojta}gtaj| fgq }gedaáo xog }tgo|alaüo
lxc}xtgc# wxh |h mhdh }hoht rth|ho}h/
%% H|}gdchlht rtjlhmaeaho}j| mh mhoxolag }tgo|rgtho}h|# hnalaho}h| q kx|}j| go}h
|a}xglajoh| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j42/
%% Ma|h÷gt fhttgeaho}g| h|rhlånalg| rgtg ljedg}at cj| rtjlh|j| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho cg
h|lxhcg/ Rtjej~ahomj ho cj| ljchiaj| h ao|}a}x}j|# gl}j|# njtj|# mhdg}h| rth|holagch|
|jdth cg| manalxc}gmh|# jrjt}xoamgmh|# h|}tg}hiag| mh ao}hitglaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo
aoeaitgmg q thnxiagmg/
%% G}homht cg| ohlh|amgmh| caoióå|}alg|# lxttalxcgth| q gnhl}a~g| mh cg| fakg| h fakj| mh
aoeaitgo}h|# ho cg| ea|eg| ljomalajoh| wxh hc th|}j mhc gcxeogmj/
%% Nglaca}gt hc gllh|j g cg |hlxomgtag jdcaig}jtag q g gwxhccg| h}grg| oj jdcaig}jtag|# ljej
hc gllh|j g cg Xoa~ht|amgm# mh lxgo}j| eç| kü~hoh| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ehkjt/
%% Grjqgt g cg| ngeacag| ho |x| th|rjo|gdacamgmh| mh hmxlglaüo q ltago{g# jnht}gomj hc
oûehtj mh rcg{g| |xnalaho}h| ho hmxlglaüo aongo}ac/
42
Exlfj| mh h|}j| jdkh}a~j|# thnjtexcgmj| gl}xgceho}h# qg nxhtjo |xihtamj| rjt ea rgt}h# q th%ljiamj| ho hc –Aonjteh |jdth cg |a}xglaüo |jlagc mh cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| q
thnxiagmj| ho 4229― gc Njtj rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 101/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/16/ / / / / / / / /
Mh|mh cg |ho|adaca{glaüo# ljo cg rtjejlaüo q njeho}j mh cj| ~gcjth| q cg|
gl}a}xmh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj hvrhtaholag| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
Cg rtjnxoma{glaüo ho h|}g cåohg |h fglh ohlh|gtag q h| aerth|laomadch rgtg hmxlgtoj| ljejrht|jog| wxh mh|hgo grthomht g ljo~a~at mh|mh cg ma~ht|amgm wxh lgmg xoj thrth|ho}gej|/ Ho cg
|ho|adaca{glaüo# cj aerjt}go}h oj h| }go}j xog |htah mh amhg| gd|}tgl}g| mhc }arj mh –th|rh}j―#
–maçcjij―# h}l/# |aoj cg rj|adacamgm mh cch~gt g lgdj h|g| }tgo|njteglajoh| }go}j ho cg| njteg| mh
rho|gt ljej mh gl}xgt mh cg| rht|jog| q ljchl}a~j| ao~jcxltgmj| ho cg ljo~a~holag/
H| ohlh|gtaj wxh mh|mh cg h|lxhcg q mh|mh j}tj| giho}h| |jlagca{gmjth| |h tjergo ljo cj|
h|}hthj}arj| wxh mh egohtg attglajogc q ihohtgca{gmg amho}analg xog lj|}xedth j xo tg|ij hv}htoj#
ljo xo ejmhcj fjejiáohj mh rht|jog/ Mh|mh cg h|lxhcg h| ohlh|gtaj hmxlgt g cj| lfalj| q
lfalg| rgtg wxh |h g~ho}xtho g ljojlht g |x| ljerg÷htj| q ljerg÷htg| q oj |h rthlara}ho g
kx{igtcj| ho nxolaüo mh cj| tg|ij| hv}htoj| q mhc h|}hthj}arj |jlagc wxh cch~g grgthkgmj/ Q }gedaáoh| ohlh|gtaj }tgdgkgt ljo cg| ngeacag| q ljo hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho h|}h |ho}amj/
%% Ng~jthlht wxh }jmj| cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| rxhmgo mh|gttjccgt rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j|#
mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc# nglaca}gmjth| mhc holxho}tj q cg ljexoalglaüo ho}th
cj| ma|}ao}j| eahedtj| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/
%% Mj}gt mh eg}htagch| q gl}a~amgmh| wxh ljo}hercho cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q caoióå|}alg g cj|
manhtho}h| |ht~alaj| hmxlg}a~j|# ljej Dadcaj}hlg| Rûdcalg|# ljehmjth| h|ljcgth|# h}l/
%% Nglaca}gt hc grthoma{gkh mh cg| choixg| q lxc}xtg| mhc ho}jtoj hmxlg}a~j# mataiamj g }jmg cg
ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Gc }aherj wxh cch~gt g lgdj ehmamg| wxh aercawxho hc th|rh}j ho
lxgo}j g gcaeho}glaüo# ~h|}amj# lgchomgtaj|# h}l/
%% Njeho}gt cj| rtjitgeg| q }jmj }arj mh aoalag}a~g| wxh aolho}a~ho cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cg|
ngeacag| mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/
Mh|mh hc mh|gttjccj }jmg| gwxhccg| }tgo|njteglajoh| h|}txl}xtgch|
ohlh|gtag| rgtg cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh h|j| ~gcjth|/
Xog }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg| h|}txl}xtg| ho cg| wxh oj| ej~hej| wxh rj|adaca}h cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog
|jlahmgm q xog h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc h aolcx|a~g/ \ahomj exq ohlh|gtag| cg| }tgo|njteglajoh| rht|jogch|# gûo
cj h| eç| }tgo|njtegt cg| h|}txl}xtg| mjomh h|}g| h|}ço hoegtlgmg| rxh| |jo cg| wxh ejcmhgo cg| gl}a}xmh|#ng~jthlahomj j manalxc}gomj cg ljo~a~holag/ Cj| lgedaj| |aioanalg}a~j| ljo|hixamj| ho cg| rht|jog| oj
ejmanalgo cg| h|}txl}xtg| rjt |å ea|ej|# qg |hg ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt j ho cg |jlahmgm ho ihohtgc# |a oj h|}ço
rcgoanalgmj| ljej xog rgt}h eç| mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh }tgo|njteglaüo/ Cg| h|}txl}xtg| h ao|}a}xlajoh| ho cg|
wxh ~a~aej| cg| rht|jog| aoncxqho ho cg njteg mh rho|gt q gl}xgt ljo th|rhl}j g cg ma~ht|amgm/
%% G~go{gt ho xo ejmhcj mh lho}tj ao}htlxc}xtgc h aolcx|a~j# wxh ho cxigt mh |glgt g cj|
gcxeoj| mhc gxcg eh}g g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g ho cg ea|eg; ngeacag|# ~jcxo}gtaj|#
grjqj|# gcxeogmj mh oa~hch| |xrhtajth|///
%% Th~a|gt cj| ejmhcj| mh gxcg| }herjtgch| ho lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/
%% Aoltheho}gt cj| ehmaj| eg}htagch| q fxegoj| rgtg wxh hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j gntjo}h cg|ohlh|amgmh| rcgo}hgmg| rjt cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh xo oxh~j gcxeogmj q cg ih|}aüo mh cg
ma~ht|amgm/ Aoltheho}gt cj| grjqj| &dhlg|# h}l/! dx|lgomj igtgo}a{gt cg hwxamgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 102/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 11/ / / / / / / / /
%% Mj}gt mh cj| ehmaj| eg}htagch| q fxegoj| rgtg wxh cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm |hg xog
thgcamgm ho lgmg lho}tj q rxhmgo g}homht cg| manhtho}h| ohlh|amgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj/
Rgtg hccj cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo oj mhdh h|lg}aegt ho h|rhlagca|}g| rgtg cj| Hwxarj| mh
Jtaho}glaüo Hmxlg}a~g# mh ejmj wxh rxhmgo g}homht|h cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh|mh cgHmxlglaüo Aongo}ac# rtjnh|jtgmj mh grjqj g cg ao}hitglaüo# itxrj| mh thnxht{j#
mh|mjdcgeaho}j| mh lcg|h|# gitxrglajoh| nchvadch|# h}l/
%%Rtjej~ht hc ljo}gl}j q thcglaüo ho}th cj| manhtho}h| giho}h| mhc ho}jtoj h|ljcgt aoehmag}j#
ng~jthlahomj wxh cj| lho}tj| rxhmgo |ht xoj mh cj| oûlchj| nxht}h| mh h|h holxho}tj/
%% Ao|}a}xlajogca{gomj cg| thmh| mh ljcgdjtglaüo# wxh qg hva|}ho# ho}th cj| rtjnh|jth| q
thlxt|j| q ho}amgmh| wxh }tgdgkgo ljo aoeaitgo}h|# rgtg rjmht igtgo}a{gt xog hmxlglaüo
jdcaig}jtag mh lgcamgm/
%% Th|jc~ht cg| ma|rgtamgmh| mh gl}xglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| Ljexoamgmh| Gx}üojeg| ho cg
aercheho}glaüo mh cj| ma|rj|a}a~j| mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# g }tg~á| mh xog egqjt
ljjtmaoglaüo q mhnaoalaüo mh |x| th|rjo|gdacamgmh|/
Gmheç| mh h|}g| }th| cåohg| mh gl}xglaüo lthj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj;
%% Aerxc|gt rjcå}alg| q rcgoh| mh ao}hitglaüo icjdgc mh cg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h ljo cg aercalglaüo q
ljjtmaoglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| q ho}amgmh| mhc ej~aeaho}j g|jlag}a~j/
%% Rtjrjoht cg }tgo|nhtholag gc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo njtegc mh cg| dxhog| rtçl}alg| mhta~gmg|
mh cg| aoalag}a~g| ljexoa}gtag| thcg}a~g| g cg ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm q cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
%% Rj}holagt hc mh|gttjccj mh gllajoh| mh njteglaüo ao}hitgc mhc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h
gmxc}j/ Ehkjtgomj hc gllh|j mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| g cg njteglaüo mh gmxc}j|/
9%% ///\aoj h|}hcg| ho cg egt; gcixog| thljehomglajoh| rgtg hc lgeaoj
G rgt}h mh cg ohlh|amgm mh cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg h|}txl}xtg |jlajhljoüealg# wxh h| cg dg|h rgtg
cjitgt cj| j}tj| lgedaj|# ljej malh Ntgolh|l Lgtdjohcc &4228!# cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh|
daho ho}homamg rg|g rjt gercagt cj| thlxt|j| wxh |h mh|}aogo g cg hmxlglaüo0 rtaegt cg| h|lxhcg|
ao}hitgmjtg|0 h~a}gt cj| ngl}jth| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ohig}a~g mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j0 h~a}gt cj|
ngl}jth| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho hc gxcg0 aercheho}gt cg| h|}tg}hiag| wxh igtgo}a{g grthoma{gkh|hnalaho}h|# ljjrhtg}a~j|/ \hixtj wxh |h j| jlxttho exlfg| eç|/
Ljo th|rhl}j g cg h|lxhcg# qg fhej| ljeho}gmj wxh |h ~g ho dxho lgeaoj# rhtj wxh gûo wxhmgo
exlfg| lj|g| rjt fglht/ Cj ao}hth|go}h |htåg rho|gt wxh cg h|lxhcg h| xo cxigt dg|}go}h
gmhlxgmj rgtg }tgdgkgt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# rhtj wxh oj h| hc ûoalj cxigt/ Hc lgeaoj g |hixat
mhdhtåg at ho hc |ho}amj mh ao}htljohl}gt cg| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g|# cg| manhtho}h| ao}ht~holajoh|#
wxh ljoncxqho ho lgmg ljo}hv}j |jlagc mh}hteaogmj/ Ho rgcgdtg| mh H||jedg &4226!; –cg ih|}aüo
mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhdh ljerthomht cg maeho|aüo ljexoa}gtag mh cg h|lxhcg―/ Aerxc|gt
rtjqhl}j| mh hmxlglaüo ljexoa}gtag wxh gqxmg |ao mxmg g njt}gchlht q grtj~hlfgt cg gllaüo
hmxlg}a~g wxh |h thgca{g ho cg h|lxhcg# xog gllaüo eç| ao}htao|}a}xlajogc wxh ao|}a}xlajogc# xogejmgcamgm mh }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j ljergt}amj/ Gûo fjq måg |jo rjlj| cj| rcgoh| cjlgch| mh
ao}hitglaüo/ J| |xiahtj mj| ûc}aeg| amhg| rgtg hc lgeaoj;
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 103/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/722/ / / / / / / / /
%% Ljohl}gt cg| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|
Gmheç| mh h|h rtjqhl}j ao}hitgc mho}tj mh cj| lho}tj|# lthj wxh lgmg ~h{ h| eç| ohlh|gtaj cg
ljjtmaoglaüo mh h|}j| ljo j}tg| ao}ht~holajoh| mho}tj mhc ea|ej }htta}jtaj# |a oj h| g|å rhtmhej| exlfå|aej/ Q mho}tj mh h|}g ljjtmaoglaüo# hc rgrhc wxh ch rxhmh ljtth|rjomht g cg
h|lxhcg rjmtåg |ht hc mh cg maogea{glaüo q cg ljohvaüo ljo h|j| j}tj| rcgoh| wxh hva|}ho ho hc
ho}jtoj/ J gc ehoj|# cg ljohvaüo# ljexoalglaüo q ljjtmaoglaüo ljo h|j| j}tj| rcgoh|/
Fgq wxahoh| raho|go wxh cg h|lxhcg oj h|}ç rthrgtgmg rgtg g|xeat h|}h camhtg{ij q wxh qg }ahoh
dg|}go}h ljo hmxlgt q jlxrgt|h mh xog mh cg| rgtlhcg| |jlagch|# rhtj oj mxmgtço gc ehoj| wxh
mhdh ljertjeh}ht|h g hmxlgt ho ~gcjth| q h|}gt –ljohl}gmg― ljo hc th|}j mh ao}ht~holajoh|/
Wxa{ç| ch dg|}h ljo lthgt h|rglaj| mh ljohvaüo q ljexoalglaüo; xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo q
ljo|ho|xgmj ho}th cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# ho}amgmh|# g|jlaglajoh| q |ht~alaj| wxh rgt}alargo ho
xo ea|ej cxigt/ Xo rho|gt kxo}j| rgtg gl}xgt gx}üojegeho}h# lgmg lxgc mh|mh |x çeda}j/
%% Cg njteglaüo mh cj| hwxarj| mjlho}h|
H| ohlh|gtaj h|}gdchlht xog rcgoanalglaüo njteg}a~g lho}tgmg ho lgmg ljo}hv}j ho rgt}alxcgt/
Thcglajogomj cg ao~h|}aiglaüo ljo cg rtçl}alg rjtwxh |jo mj| exomj| wxh |h ohlh|a}go# njtegomj
hwxarj| mh rtjnh|jth| –xoa~ht|a}gtaj|― ljo hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg|/ Rjtwxh h|}ç mhej|}tgmj
wxh |jo cj| rtjlh|j| njteg}a~j| wxh h|}ço nxolajogomj/ Hwxarj| wxh }tgdgkho ho cg
|a|}heg}a{glaüo# h~gcxglaüo# mh cj wxh |h ~ahoh thgca{gomj ho cj| manhtho}h| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|/
%% Q eaho}tg| }go}j fglht daho cj wxh |gdhej| fglht q ho}th }jmj| q }jmg| lgedagthej|
hc exomj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 104/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 727/ / / / / / / / /
Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg| q Yhditgnåg
%% GG/ ^ &422>!/ Rgcgdtg| q exomj|/ Aonjteh |jdth cg| choixg| mhc exomj/ Dgtlhcjog# Algtag/
%% Gixgmj# ]hth|g &422<!/ Rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Egmtam# Hm/ ElItgy Facc/%% Gchith K/G/ q Lgttg|lj# \/ Hvrhtaholag| q }tgqhl}jtag| mh áva}j h|ljcgt mh ia}gog| q ia}goj| ho
H|rg÷g# LAMH*Ao|}a}x}j mh cg Exkht/
%% G|jlaglaüo mh ho|h÷go}h| ljo ia}goj|/ Gx}jtåg ljergt}amg &4228!/ Ehejtag| mh rgrhc /
G|jlaglaüo mh ho|h÷go}h| ljo ia}goj|# gcholag & ht|aüo hchl}tüoalg;f}}r;**rgoihg/jti*ghlia}!/
%% Gixachtg# Dhg}ta{ &ljjtm/!# Ljchl}a~j Gegoa &422>!/ Xoamgm mamçl}alg; Mh ~agkh ljo Egqtg/ Egmtam#
AHRGCG/
%% Dgtwxao# Gehcag &4221!/ ºMh mjomh |jo cj| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|: Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm
q cg h|lxhcg# ho Th~a|}g Hmxlgt ==% 4221# rr/ 67%1>/
%% Dh|gcû# Vg~aht &4224!/ Ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q hmxlglaüo/ Egmtam# Hm/ \åo}h|a|/
%% Dh|gcû# Vg~aht h} gc &4272!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q laxmgmgoåg; Thm mh H|lxhcg| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|#Yjc}ht| @cxyht H|rg÷g/
%% Dxvgttga|# E/T/ q j}tj| &711<!/ Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho hc lxttalxcxe; Hc tgla|ej/ G|jlaglaüo mh
Eh|}th| Tj|g \ho|g}/ Dgtlhcjog/ Hm/ E» mh Hmxlglaüo q L/
%% Lgerg÷g Hxtjrhg ljo}tg hc Tgla|ej/ Amhg|# thlxt|j|# eá}jmj| q gl}a~amgmh| rgtg cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc ljo kü~hoh| q gmxc}j|/ Eg}htagc mh cg lgerg÷g –\jej| manhtho}h|# |jej| aixgch|―/
%% Lgtdjohcc Ntgolh|l &4228!/ Hmxlgt ho }aherj| mh aolht}amxedth# LAMH/
%% Lfhlg# Ntgola|lj q \jtagoj# Holgtog &7111!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ho}th oj|j}tj|/ Dgtlhcjog/ Algtag Go}tg{q}/
%% LAMH &4228!/ Cg g}holaüo gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j ho H|rg÷g/
%% Ljchl}a~j GEGOA &4221!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Goçca|a| q th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|/ Egmtam# Cj|
cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/
%% Ljchl}a~j GEGOA &Iüeh{ Cgtg# Kxgo &hm/!! &422=!/ Cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc; Thixcglaüo mh
ljoncal}j| ho ljo}hv}j| exc}alxc}xtgch|/ Egmtam# Hm/ Lg}gtg}g/ Ljchllaüo Lxgmhtoj| mh
Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc+/
%% Ljchl}a~j AJH/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g rtxhdg# fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h| ho cg h|lxhcg/ Lho}tj mh
Ao~h|}aiglaüo q mjlxeho}glaüo hmxlg}a~g/ Egmtam/
%% Mh Cxlg|# Kg~aht q ]jtth|# Ntgola|lj &4224!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|: Egmtam# Hm/ ]gcg|g/
%% Måg{# Dhg}ta{ &7111!/ Cg gqxmg ao~a|adch/ Dacdgj# Hm/ Ca`aoagoj Hc`gt}hg/
%% Måh{# Hotawxh Kg~aht &4229!/Cg icjdgca{glaüo ohjcadhtgc q |x| thrhtlx|ajoh| ho cg hmxlglaüo/ Hc Tjxth/
%% HMXGC]HT/ Eg}htagch| mamçl}alj| |jdth aoeaitglaüo mh|mh hc rgrhc mh cj| ehmaj| mhljexoalglaüo/ Eaitg%Ehmag# Eg}htagch| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
%% H||jedg# Eawxhc Goihc &ljjtm/! &4227!/ \GOMX@# Ixag rht g cg njteglaü mhc hmxlgmjt| a ch|
hmxlgmjth| ho ao}htlxc}xtgca}g} a aoeaitglaüo/ Dgtlhcjog# Hm/ Nxomglaü Kgxeh Djnacc/
%% H||jedg# Eawxhc Goihc &4226!/ 72 amhg| lcg~h|/ Cg ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg/
Dgtlhcjog# Itgü/
%% Igtlåg Lgolcaoa# Oh|}jt &422=!/ Manhtho}h|# mh|aixgch| q mh|ljohl}gmj|/ Dtlhcjog# Hm/ Ihma|g/
%% Igtth}g a Djlfglg# Kjtma &422<!/ Cg ao}hitglaüo |jlajlxc}xtgc mh cg| eaojtåg| á}oalg|/ Dgtlhcjog#
Go}ftjrj|/
%% Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# Lgtcj| &422<!/ Wxá h| cg aoeaitglaüo/ Dgtlhcjog# Hm/ Ao}hitgc/
%% Ijo{çch{# Aoeglxcgmg &4228!/ Cg ljjrhtglaüo hmxlg}a~g go}h cg thdhcmåg mh cg| lxc}xtg|/ Egmtam#Hm/ AHRGCG &Ljchllaüo Ljjrhtglaüo q Mh|gttjccj!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 105/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/724/ / / / / / / / /
%% Itxrj AO]HT/ Gx}jtåg ljergt}amg &422>!/ Ixåg Ao}ht/ Xog ixåg rtçl}alg rgtg grcalgt cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg/ Egmtam# Eaoa|}htaj mh Hmxlglaüo q Laholag/
&^ht|aüohchl}tüoalg;f}}r;**yyy/gxcgao}htlxc}xtgc/jti*AEI*{ar*|rgoa|fZixamh/{ar!
%% Ccxlf# V/ q \gcaog|# K/ &711>!/ Cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g/ Egmtam# Hm/ EHL/%% Egcih|aoa# Itglahcg0 Iaeáoh{# Lgtcj| &4222!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth eaitglajoh|# tgla|ej h
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/
%% Eçtwxh{# ^a}j q Igtlåg mh [û÷aig# Lgteho &422>!/ Gl}a~g hc Th|rh}j/ Rtjitgeg; Hmxlgt rgtg xog
Laxmgmgoåg Ao}htlxc}xtgc / \h~accg# Hm/ Gomgcxlåg Gljih/
%% Egt}åo Ex÷j{# Iheg0 ^gcch \aeüo# D/ q Iüeh{ Rcg{g# E/ G/ &7118!/ Hc A|cge q hc exomj çtgdh ho
cg ho|h÷go{g ehmag/ Hm/ GHLA q X/ Gx}üojeg mh Egmtam/
%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{0 Rj{j# Kjog}go# q ^gc}ahttg# Dcgolg &422=!/ Cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| q cg| kü~hoh| mh
jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho hc ej~aeaho}j g|jlag}a~j/ Egmtam# Hm/ LKH/
%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{0 ]x}|# Egt}aog0 q Rj{j# Kjog}go &422<!/ Njteglaüo ho hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc rgtg
g|jlaglajoh| kx~hoach|/ Hma}/ L/K/H/%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{ q H|lxmhtj# Kj|á &ljjtm|/! &4226!/ Jlfho}g gl}a~amgmh| rgtg hmxlgt cûmalgeho}h
ho ~gcjth| q laxmgmgoåg/ Ljchllaüo Hmxrg{/ Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/
%% Eg||j} Cgnjo# Egtåg Aoá| &422<!/ Kü~hoh| ho}th lxc}xtg|/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm ho
ljo}hv}j| exc}alxc}xtgch|/ Dacdgj/ Hm/ Mh|lcáh/
%% Eámalj| mhc Exomj &4229!/ Hmxlgt rgtg ljo~a~at/ Kxhij| q }gcchth| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj ho rtaegtag/
Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/
%% Eahm{cgo# E/ &7118!/ Lfalj| |jo# fjedth| |htço/ Ljej tjerht cj| cg{j| ho}th eg|lxcaoamgm q
~ajcholag/ Egmtam# Fjtg| q Fjtg|/
%% Ex÷j{ \hmgoj# Go}joaj &7119!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ ]hjtåg q rtçl}alg/ Egmtam# Hm/ H|lxhcg
H|rg÷jcg/
%% Exigta` Igdh &7116!/ Ixåg mamçl}alg; Glhtlçomj|h g cg thgcamgm mhc heaitgo}h/ a}jtag%Ig|}ha{/
%% Ráth{ H|lgoaccg# Ljolfg &ljjtm/! &422=!/ Cg egch}g ao}htlxc}xtgc / \h~accg# Hm/ Lho}tj mhc
rtjnh|jtgmj mh Gclgcç mh Ixgmgatg/
%% Tjmtaij Gc|aog# Eawxhc &7111!/ Ljexoalglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Dgtlhcjog# Go}ftjrj|/
%% Txa{ Ejtgch|# Nhtogomj &422< !/ Gomgcxlåg ho cg h|lxhcg/ Cg ljolaholag |acholagmg/ \h~accg# Hm/
Ehtigdcxe/
%% \çh{# Rhmtj &4224!/ Hmxlgt ho cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc / Egmtam# LL\/
%% \go Tjeço# ]hth|g &711>!/ Cj| extj| mh cg |hrgtglaüo/ Ho|gqj |jdth gc}htjnjdag q nacgo}tjråg/
Egmtam# ]hloj|/%% \J\ Tgla|ej Og~gttg &4222!/ ^a~h cg tawxh{g mh cg ma~ht|amgm/ 42 |h|ajoh| mh hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc / Rgercjog/ Hm/ \J\ TGLA\EJ/
%% a|wxhe cg Ma~ht|a}g} &7116!/ ^a~gej| cg ma~ht|amgm/ Eg}htagch| rgtg xog gllaüo hmxlg}a~g
ao}htlxc}xtgc / Egmtam# Hm/ Lg}gtg}g/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 106/249
GRTHO%MAHOMJG \HTAIXGCH
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
J| |xihtaej| h|}g| rçiaog| yhd ao}hth|go}h|# rgtg ljeho{gt g gomgt/
%% Thlxt|j| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc h Aoeaitglaüo/ yyy/gxcgao}htlxc}xtgc/jti
%% Thlxt|j| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q Hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth|/ yyy/hmxgc}ht/jti%% Thm mh H|lxhcg| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ yyy/h|lxhcg|ao}htlxc}xtgch|/hx
EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 72</ / / / / / / / /
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 107/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 108/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 728/ / / / / / / / /
7%% Ngeacag# aoeaitglaüo q j}tg ~h{ ngeacag; rtjqhl}j# aergl}j q ljerchkamgmh|
Hc }å}xcj mh h|}h rtaeht grgt}gmj th|rjomh gc rtjlh|j g }tg~á| mhc lxgc xog rht|jog |h rcgo}hg xo
rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj/ H| mho}tj mh xo rtaeht ljo}hv}j ngeacagt mjomh |xtih cg eaitglaüo ljejrtjqhl}j mh nx}xtj j mh ehkjtg j ljej gc}htog}a~g g xog |a}xglaüo wxh glgdg rjt rh|gt mheg|agmj
&ho cj rht|jogc# ho cj |jlagc j hljoüealj# ho cj rjcå}alj…!# ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg egqjt j ehojt
aoihoxamgm mh cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| j ljolaholag mh cg| manalxc}gmh| thgch| wxh lxgcwxaht rtjqhl}j
eaitg}jtaj rcgo}hg/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# oj |jo cg| rht|jog| cg| wxh heaitgo# rjt cj ihohtgc# |aoj eç| daho cg| ngeacag|# cj|
itxrj| j cg| thmh|/ Mh gfå cg ljo|}g}glaüo# fjq qg g|xeamg# mh wxh –cg itgo egqjtåg mh cj|
heaitgo}h|# |a gc naogc heaitg# h| rjtwxh fg ho}tgmj go}h| ho h|j| 33}tg}j| ljo j}tj|?? %q gc nao q gc
lgdj rjtwxh hva|}ho h|j| 33j}tj|??% ljo wxahoh| fgdcgt mh mh|}aoj|# maohtj q thlhrlaüo g cg
cchigmg― &Grgtalaj q ]jtoj|# 422=!/ H|j| –j}tj|― |jo# ho rtaeht cxigt# cg ngeacag mh jtaiho# ljo |x|lgrglamgmh|# |x| manalxc}gmh|# |x| hvrhl}g}a~g| q |x| |xh÷j|/ ]gedaáo |jo cg| rht|jog| ljo cg|
wxh |h ego}ahoho cg{j| mh gea|}gm j mh rtjvaeamgm nå|alg &~hlaomgtaj# rxhdcj# laxmgm q# ho gciûo
lg|j# rxhmh fgdcgt|h mh xog laht}g lxc}xtg mh cg heaitglaüo ho çeda}j| egqjth| wxh hc cjlgc h
aolcx|j g h|lgcg oglajogc!/ Mh }jmg| h|g| thcglajoh| q ljo}gl}j| ljo h|j| j}tj| ~g ih|}çomj|h xo
rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj wxh# qg ho hc rgå| mh mh|}aoj# |hixatç grjqçomj|h ho thcglajoh| go}aixg| q
oxh~g|# ljo ~ahkj| q oxh~j| –j}tj|―/ Q cg rtjrag ngeacag oj ~g g |ht gkhog g h|}j| rtjlh|j|/ ]go}j
eç| lxgomj oj heaitg cg ngeacag ljerch}g# |aoj wxh cg heaitglaüo |h fglh ho ma|}ao}g| h}grg| mh
|hrgtglaüo q thgitxrglaüo/ Q wxh# g cg ~h{ wxh hc rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj j mh|rxá|# gc lgdj mh xo
}aherj# rxhmh rcgo}hgt|h xo rtjqhl}j mh th}jtoj# eç| j ehoj| aolaht}j/
H|}h rtjqhl}j mh th}jtoj rxhmh |ht xo grjqj go}h cg| manalxc}gmh|# wxh rxhmho |ht exq itg~h| q
lj}amagog|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg amhg mh th}jtoj gl}ûg ljej ~çc~xcg mh h|lgrh q lgogca{glaüo mh cg|
g÷jtgo{g|; –|ücj h|}jq gwxå rjt xo }aherj# rhtj mh|rxá| eh ~jc~htá gc cxigt wxh h| hc eåj―/ Cg
lxh|}aüo# ljej exq daho |gdho “fgo ~a~amj% }go}g| rht|jog| heaitgmg|# h| wxh hc ejeho}j mh
thith|j rxhmh at rj|rjoaáomj|h ho hc }aherj# aolcx|j mh njteg rhtegoho}h# –rjtwxh# mh thrho}h#
cg ~amg lgedag―/ Q rxhmh lgedagt exlfj# rjtwxh rxhmho |ht exlfg| cg| rhogcamgmh|# cj|
lgedaj|# cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh gmgr}glaüo wxh fgq wxh g|xeat# }go}j rht|jogch| ljej ngeacagth|/ Q
fg|}g cj| lgedaj| rj|a}a~j| q cg| oxh~g| jrjt}xoamgmh| rxhmho |ht# g cg ~h{ ngl}jth|
mh|h|}gdaca{gmjth|# ljej ~hthej| eç| gmhcgo}h/
Gmheç|# |a |h ~xhc~h gc cxigt mhc wxh xoj |h nxh# hc cxigt oj h| hc ea|ej q# mh oxh~j# cg rht|jog |h
ljo~aht}h ho hv}tg÷g ho hc cxigt wxh |h |xrjoåg ch ljtth|rjomåg/ Rjtwxh oa hc cxigt# oa cg| rht|jog|
oa cg| thcglajoh| |jo ljej htgo lxgomj cg rht|jog |h nxh/ Q hc th}jtoj rxhmh oj |ht mh }jmj| cj|
eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag# ljo cj wxh mh oxh~j cg| rht|jog| fgdtågo mh gntjo}gt cg |hrgtglaüo q cg
ma|}golag ljej lgtgl}htå|}alg mh cg hva|}holag/
47
Mhrgt}geho}j mh H|}xmaj| mh cg Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/ Rtjnh|jt ho cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh^gcholag –\go ^alho}h Eçt}at―/ \x ljtthj h|; cxa|/mahBlhaeaitg/oh}/44 Rtjnh|jt mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm mh ^gcholag/ \x ljtthj h|; aioglaj/egt}aoh{Bx~/h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 109/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/72>/ / / / / / / / /
Ho j}tj| cxigth| fhej| mh|gttjccgmj qg hc aergl}j mh cg eaitglaüo ho cg| rht|jog| q ho cg| ngeacag|
&Rawxhtg|# 42290 Ehchtj# 4272!/ Cj wxh mhdh thljtmgt|h h| cg lho}tgcamgm mh cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh cg|
ohlh|amgmh| fxegog| ljej egtlj mh rj|adaca}glaüo mhc mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Rgtg hccj# fhej|
~hoamj |h÷gcgomj cg aerjt}golag mhc goçca|a| hcgdjtgmj rjt cg H|lxhcg mhc Mh|gttjccj g H|lgcgFxegog/ Q cg lxh|}aüo# gwxå# h| |a cg eaitglaüo gqxmg j manalxc}g# q ho wxá latlxo|}golag|# g cg
ngeacag ljej rtaolargc lgxlh mh |g}a|ngllaüo mh malfg| ohlh|amgmh|/ \gdahomj# gmheç|# wxh |ücj
|a h|}g| ohlh|amgmh|# cj wxh ohlh|a}g }jmj |ht fxegoj rgtg mh|gttjccgt|h ljej rht|jog q rgtg
~a~at xog ~amg maiog mh |ht ~a~amg# |jo xoa~ht|gch|# ho}jolh| }ahoh |ho}amj fgdcgt mh cj| mhthlfj|
fxegoj| q |x| igtgo}åg|# rjt holaeg mh |a}xglaüo j lgtgl}htå|}alg rht|jogc# ngeacagt j itxrgc
gcixog/ Exlfj fgq ho kxhij# rjt }go}j/
\a cg ngeacag h| xoj mh cj| lgxlh| rtaolargch| rgtg grthomht g |ht# rgtg gllhmht g cj| dahoh| q
|ht~alaj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg }jmj| cj| grthoma{gkh| wxh cg rht|jog fg mh thgca{gt# rgtg grthomht g
fglht &rjt hkhercj# mh|mh hc ma|lhtoaeaho}j mh cg| lgrglamgmh| q mh cg| ehkjth| lxgcamgmh| mh cgrht|jog!# aolcx|j rgtg grthomht g h|}gt &ljo j}tj|# ho xog |jlahmgm ljolth}g# ho cg thgcamgm q ho xo
cxigt ho hc exomj!# ho}jolh| lgdh rthixo}gt lüej gnhl}g cg eaitglaüo# mh|mh |x| jrjt}xoamgmh| q
|x| manalxc}gmh|# g lgmg ngeacag ho lgmg xoj mh h|g| maeho|ajoh|/ Hc th|xc}gmj oj h| gx}jeç}alj#
mhrhomh mh exlfj| ngl}jth| q latlxo|}golag| q rxhmh |ht# ho lgmg lg|j# ma|}ao}j aolcx|j ho
|a}xglajoh| grgtho}h x jdkh}a~geho}h |aeacgth|/
Mh cg ea|eg njteg# |a ljo|amhtgej| cg| oxh~h lg}hijtåg| gvajcüialg| rcgo}hgmg| rjt cj| gx}jth|
mh cg H|lxhcg mhc Mh|gttjccj g H|lgcg Fxegog# &|xd|a|}holag# rtj}hllaüo# gnhl}j# ho}homaeaho}j#
rgt}alarglaüo# jlaj# lthglaüo# cadht}gm h amho}amgm!# }homthej| cg ohlh|amgm mh gdjtmgt lüej cg
eaitglaüo gnhl}g# ho rj|a}a~j j ho ohig}a~j# aolcx|j |aexc}çohgeho}h# g lgmg rht|jog j ngeacag/
H|}xmagomj# gmheç|# cg| thcglajoh| ho}th h|}g| lg}hijtåg| q ~ahomj lüej cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh xog
mh hccg| ljo}tadxqh# manalxc}g j aeramh cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh j}tg|/
Q }jmj hccj oj| gdjlg g cg ljerchkamgm# mh|mh oxh|}tj rxo}j mh ~a|}g# ûoalj }htthoj ho hc wxh cj
fxegoj |xtih q ntxl}analg# rhtj oj gc mh|ljolaht}j oa g cg ljonx|aüo/ Rjtwxh hc ûoalj rxo}j mh
rgt}amg rj|adch gc gdjtmgt cg ngeacag ljej lgxlh rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj h| cg ljerchkamgm;
%% Rjtwxh cg cho}a}xm mh cg egmxtglaüo mhc lhthdtj fxegoj h| geda~gcho}h; oj| dhohnalag
lxgomj lthlhej| ho xo ho}jtoj ngeacagt nglaca}gmjt# rhtj oj| rhtkxmalg “q exlfj%lxgomj lthlhej| ho xo ho}jtoj ngeacagt wxh manalxc}g j aeramh oxh|}tj mh|gttjccj
fxegoj/ Rjtwxh mh cj wxh |h }tg}g oj h| mh wxh rg|ho cj| g÷j|# |aoj mh wxá rg}tjoh|
gmwxataej| mh ~amg rht|jogc# ngeacagt q |jlagc g }tg~á| mh xo hojteh q exq ljerchkj
|a|}heg mh thcglajoh|# gnhl}j|# gl}a}xmh| q ljojlaeaho}j| mh oj|j}tj| q oj|j}tg|
ea|eg|# mh cg thgcamgm q mhc exomj ho hc wxh ~a~aej| q mh cj| lxgch| njtegej| rgt}h/
%% Rjtwxh cg ~amg ho rgthkg# mh rjt |å# |xrjoh xog oxh~g |jlagca{glaüo ho cg wxh lgmg xoj mh
cj| eahedtj| mhdh thgrthomht g |ht%ljo%hc%j}tj# g }tg~á| mh eûc}arch| lgedaj| q
gmgr}glajoh|# wxh gxeho}go ho oûehtj q ljerchkamgm ljo cg eaitglaüo# q wxh |h
|xrhtrjoho g cg| ma~ht|g| ng|h| j h}grg| mh cg ~amg rht|jogc q# gmheç|# g cg| ma~ht|g|ng|h| j h}grg| mh cg ~amg ho rgthkg/ \h }tg}g# rjt }go}j# mh xo rtjlh|j wxh# ho
ljomalajoh| mh laht}g h|}gdacamgm# oj glgdg oxolg q wxh# ljo cg eaitglaüo# thwxahth mh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 110/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 729/ / / / / / / / /
xog egqjt mhmalglaüo# ho}thig mh |å q h|nxht{j/ Q lxqg ao}hitglaüo rht|jogc oj |aherth
th|xc}g rj|adch# ljo hc tah|ij ljo|aixaho}h mh txr}xtg| rht|jogch| q ngeacagth|/
%% Q rjtwxh# g }jmj cj go}htajt# fgq wxh g÷gmat cg ljerchkamgm mh cg thcglaüo ho}th cj| q cg|ehojth| q cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|/ Cg| h}grg| q ohlh|amgmh| lgedago}h| mh cj| fakj| h fakg|
|h |xrhtrjoho g cg| h}grg| q ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|/ Gc rtaolaraj# hc
oglaeaho}j mhc rtaeht fakj j fakg |xrjoh cg thjtigoa{glaüo# g |x gcthmhmjt# mh gl}a~amgmh|#
}aherj| q thcglajoh| mh cg ngeacag# gc ehoj| ho lxgo}j cj rhtea}ho cg| hvaiholag| cgdjtgch|
hv}tgmjeá|}alg|/ Mh|rxá|# lgmg oglaeaho}j |xrjoh xog thjtigoa{glaüo ljerchkg mh
}aherj|# gl}a~amgmh| q thcglajoh|# ho}th cj| fakj| j fakg| go}htajth| q cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|#
rjt xo cgmj# q ho}th cj| q cg| ehojth| ho}th |å/ Rhtj# }gedaáo gwxå# cg eaitglaüo ao}tjmxlh xog
ljerchkamgm g÷gmamg rjt cg| |hrgtglajoh| wxh aerjoh# rjt cg| thgitxrglajoh| ngeacagth|
wxh h|}ço ljomalajogmg|# rjt hkhercj# g cg |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g j cgdjtgc mh cg|
rht|jog| gmxc}g| q rjt cg| txr}xtg| wxh }gedaáo rxhmho mgt|h/
H|}g ljerchkamgm gxeho}g mh|mh hc ejeho}j wxh cg eaitglaüo rjoh ho lxh|}aüo# ejmanalçomjcg|
ho oj rjlg| jlg|ajoh|# cg| rgx}g| q rj|adacamgmh| –ojtegch|―# h|}j h|# ho}homamg| ljej
–ojtegch|―# –mh|hgdch|― j –h|rhtgdch|― rjt cj| rtjihoa}jth| go}h| mh cg eaitglaüo# mh
|jlagca{glaüo mh cj| q cg| ehojth| q mh thcglaüo ho}th cj| eahedtj| gmxc}j| ho}th |å# mh h|}j| ljo
cj| q cg| ehojth| q mh h|}j| q h|}g| ho}th |å/
Cj tgtj |htåg wxh oj grgthlahtgo manalxc}gmh|# rgtg th|jc~ht cg| lxgch| h| aoma|rho|gdch wxh cg rht|jog
h|}á fxegogeho}h rthrgtgmg/ Q cj ojtegc h| wxh mh|mh cg hvrhtaholag eaitg}jtag h|}g| manalxc}gmh|
|hgo egqjth| q eç| manålach| mh gntjo}gt# ao}hitgt q th|jc~ht/ Ho jlg|ajoh|# cg| rht|jog| oj lxho}go
ljo cj| thlxt|j| rgtg gntjo}gt# ao}hitgt q th|jc~ht cj| lgedaj| ho cg thcglaüo mh rgthkg# wxh rxhmho
~ht|h glthlho}gmj| rjt cg|# ho jlg|ajoh|# mh|rtjrjtlajogmg| hvaiholag| cgdjtgch|/ Ho hc lg|j mh cg|
rht|jog| aoeaitgmg|# h|}g| hvaiholag| rxhmho }tgmxlat|h ho njteg| mh hvrcj}glaüo cgdjtgc q gdx|j
wxh manalxc}go j aeramho xog ~amg fxegog q wxh |jeh}ho g cg rht|jog g xoj| oa~hch| mh }ho|aüo
rht|jogc q mh h|nxht{j r|aljnå|alj manålaceho}h |j|}hoadch| ho hc }aherj/
G h|}g| manalxc}gmh| |h rxhmho g÷gmat cg| wxh |h mhta~go mh cg ma|}golag ho}th cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| mhc
rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj q cj| cjitj| thgceho}h gclgo{gmj|0 mhc lfjwxh ho}th cg| |a}xglajoh|
aegiaogmg| q cg| manalxc}gmh| thgch|0 cg grgtalaüo mh lta|a| q lgedaj| rht|jogch|# wxh rxhmho mgt gc}tg|}h ljo cg ~amg wxh |h cch~gdg j wxh |h fgdåg rtjqhl}gmj0 cg exc}arcalglaüo mh cg| }ho|ajoh|
mxtgo}h cg gmjch|lholag mh cj| fakj| h fakg| q hc |ho}aeaho}j mh rátmamg wxh jlg|ajog ho cj|
rtjihoa}jth| cg mjdch rht}hoholag mh cj| fakj| h fakg| g mj| exomj|# ho xoj mh cj| lxgch| cj|
ehojth| rxhmho |ht eç| ljerh}ho}h| wxh |x| rgmth| q egmth|4</
\ao hedgtij# oj |ücj cg| manalxc}gmh| |xrjoho j rxhmho |xrjoht xo ngl}jt mh|h|}gdaca{gmjt wxh
thwxhtatç mh eûc}arch| h|nxht{j| rjt rgt}h mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| ljolhtoamg|/ Xog th|jlagca{glaüo
hva}j|g h aolcx|j xo rtjlh|j mh ao}hitglaüo hva}j|j ho cg |jlahmgm thlhr}jtg rxhmh |ht ~a|}j#
4<
G h|}h th|rhl}j th|xc}g exq acx|}tg}a~j hc }tgdgkj mh Tjmtåixh{# T/E# rxdcalgmj ho Ehchtj# C/&4272!# Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo r|alj|jlagc ljo aoeaitgo}h|#
Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg# ^gcholag# r/ 711%44>/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 111/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/726/ / / / / / / / /
mh|mh j}tg| rht|jog| ljooglajogch|# ngeacagth|# gea|}gmh|# h}l/# ljej rátmamg mh cg rtjrag
amho}amgm# mh cg| tgålh| lxc}xtgch| j thcaiaj|g| j mhc |ho}amj mh rht}hoholag gc itxrj/ Cg dxhog
gmgr}glaüo mh cj| fakj| gc oxh~j ho}jtoj ho cg |jlahmgm mh mh|}aoj rxhmh |xrjoht }ho|ajoh| ho}th
cj| rtjihoa}jth| q cj| q cg| ehojth|/
Xoj| aoith|j| hch~gmj|# xog h|}gdacamgm cgdjtgc q xo laht}j thljojlaeaho}j rtjnh|ajogc rxhmho
ljo|hixat|h q mhrhomht mh xo hch~gmj oûehtj mh fjtg| mh }tgdgkj# ho xoj j ~gtaj| }tgdgkj|/ Ljo
hccj# cg ~amg ngeacagt# cg ljo~a~holag q hc lxamgmj q cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| ehojth| rxhmho th|ho}at|h/
Cg lgrglamgm mh |xrhtglaüo mh cg| gm~ht|amgmh| q hc h|nxht{j# ho jlg|ajoh| hojteh# wxh fgq wxh
fglht rgtg ljo|hixat hc áva}j mhc rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj rxhmh |xrjoht# }go}j g oa~hc rht|jogc ljej
ngeacagt# wxh |h jc~amh j |h rj|rjoig cg ~a~holag mhc |ho}amj wxh }hoåg hc rtjraj rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj#
hc rtjraj h|nxht{j# ljo cj wxh rxhmh ~ht|h gnhl}gmj hc rtjraj |ho}amj ~a}gc# cg amho}amgm rht|jogc# j
cg rht}hoholag q cg ea|eg xoamgm ngeacagt/
Rjt hccj# }gedaáo cj| áva}j| rxhmho |ht ngl}jth| }ho|ajogo}h| q mh|h|}gdaca{gmjth| rgtg cg|
rht|jog| q rgtg cg| ngeacag|/ Q cj ea|ej wxh cg| manalxc}gmh|# aolcx|j cg| itgomh| manalxc}gmh|#
rxhmho xoat g cg| rht|jog|# cj| áva}j| rxhmho |hrgtgtcg| j hontho}gtcg|/ Mh gfå }gedaáo cg
ljerchkamgm mh }jmj goçca|a| q ~gcjtglaüo rth~ag mh |a}xglajoh| grgtho}heho}h aixgch|/
4%% \jlagca{glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc; cg |jlahmgm wxh |xtih mh|mh cg|rht|jog| ljolth}g|# cg| rht|jog| wxh |xtiho mh lgmg |jlahmgm rgt}alxcgt
Ho cg gllaüo hmxlg}a~g mh cg ngeacag q mh cg h|lxhcg fgq mj| rtjlh|j| nxomgeho}gch|# ho hc |ho}amj
ca}htgc# rgtg }jmg| cg| rht|jog|/ Rtjlh|j| wxh h|}gdchlho cj| nxomgeho}j| q cg rj|adacamgm ea|eg
mhc mh|gttjccj fxegoj q# ljo ác# mh cg egmxth{ q cg lgcamgm fxegog| mh lgmg rht|jog/ H|}j|
rtjlh|j| |jo hc mh |jlagca{glaüo q hc mh rht|jogca{glaüo/
Ho xog rtaehtg grtjvaeglaüo# rjmtågej| mhlat wxh hc rtaehtj }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg thrtjmxllaüo
|jlagc q hc |hixomj ljo cg cadht}gm# cg ~jcxo}gm q cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh }tgo|njteglaüo rht|jogc q
lgedaj |jlagc/ Rhtj cj wxh glgdgej| mh rcgo}hgt }ahoh }go}j lgcgmj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh ~gqgej|gcij eç| mh|rglaj/
Hc rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo oj h| oa rxhmh }tg}gt|h ljej xo rtjlh|j ga|cgmj mho}tj mhc
nxolajogeaho}j mh cj |jlagc/ Njteg rgt}h q mhrhomh mhc ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| rjt cj| lxgch| cj|
ljerjt}geaho}j| fxegoj| aoma~amxgch|# cj| wxh lgmg rht|jog hcaih j g|xeh rjoht ho rtçl}alg j#
|aercheho}h# rjoh ho rtçl}alg mh fhlfj# |h }tgo|njtego ho xog –thgcamgm |jlagc― grgtho}heho}h
aomhrhomaho}h mh cg| gllajoh| q cg ~jcxo}gm mh cg| rht|jog|/ Q mh cj| rtjlh|j| rjt cj| lxgch| h|g
thgcamgm |jlagc# g|å ljo|}txamg# ihohtg q |h }tgmxlh mh oxh~j ho ljerjt}geaho}j|# gl}a}xmh|#
gllajoh|# ~gcjth|# h}l/# wxh |jo h|}tal}geho}h rht|jogch| q# ho h|h |ho}amj# aoma~amxgch|/
\ao hedgtij# cg |jlagca{glaüo ljej }gc h| aerth|laomadch rgtg cg egmxtglaüo mh lgmg |ht fxegoj#
rgtg cg njteglaüo mh cg rht|jog q rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mhc }arj mh rht|jog q mhc }arj mh |jlahmgm
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 112/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 721/ / / / / / / / /
wxh |xtiho q |h th}tjgcaeho}go xog mh j}tg/ Q cg |jlagca{glaüo# ljo aomhrhomholag mh |x ljo}hoamj#
th|xc}g aerth|laomadch mgmg cg aomh}hteaoglaüo dajcüialg mhc |ht fxegoj; cj wxh |hg –|ht rht|jog―
oj ~ahoh mh}hteaogmj dajcüialgeho}h# |aoj wxh# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# |ücj rxhmh |ht lhttgmj rjt xog
jrlaüo# rjt xog hchllaüo wxh }ahoh ljej dg|h cg| ma~ht|g| |jlagca{glajoh| g cg| wxh |h ~h|jeh}amj lgmg |ht fxegoj/ H|g grht}xtg h aomh}hteaoglaüo h| cg dg|h mh cg cadht}gm q# mh|mh gfå#
|h ljo~aht}h ho xog ccgegmg# mh og}xtgch{g á}alg# g cg th|rjo|gdacamgm/
H|}j| rtjlh|j| mh th}tjgcaeho}glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo ho}th cg| ljomxl}g| rht|jogch|# cg thgcamgm
|jlagc q# mh oxh~j# cj| ljerjt}geaho}j| rht|jogch|# rxhmho |ht hvrcalgmj| |jehtgeho}h g }tg~á|
mh |ha| rg|j| mh lgtçl}ht rhtegoho}heho}h latlxcgt# rhtj wxh ~gej| g rgx}gt mh gciûo ejmj rgtg
fglht eç| nçlaceho}h ljertho|adch cg hvrcalglaüo/ Ho rtaeht cxigt# lgmg rht|jog exh|}tg g cg|
mheç| &–hv}htogca{g―# fglh hv}htoj! xo ljerjt}geaho}j wxh h| |aherth q ho }jmj lg|j –rht|jogc―/
Qg |hg |x jtaiho xo gl}j mh th|a|}holag j mh rchog |xea|aüo0 xo gl}j rchogeho}h ljo|laho}h# mh|mh
hc hkhtlalaj mh cg cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm# j aoljo|laho}h# aerht|jogc# aiojtgo}h mh |å j mh cg|ljo|hlxholag|# mh|~aolxcgmj ho h|h |ho}amj mh cg rht|jog wxh gl}ûg# cj thch~go}h h|# ho }jmj
lg|j# wxh h|h ljerjt}geaho}j h| rhtladamj mathl}geho}h j g }tg~á| mh |x| hnhl}j| rjt cj| mheç|/
Ho ûc}aeg ao|}golag |jo cg| rht|jog| rgt}alxcgth| cg| wxh# go}h cg ea|eg |a}xglaüo# mhlamho
mh|gttjccgt ljerjt}geaho}j| manhtho}h|# mhlamho mgt th|rxh|}g| ma~ht|g|# mhrhomaho}h| mh cg
cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm mh lgmg xog g|å ljej mh cj| egtlj| mh rj|adaca}glaüo mh cj| wxh lgmg xoj |h
fg amj mj}gomj g cj cgtij mh cg ~amg/
Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg rht|jog rxhmh hkhtlht ma~ht|j| –rgrhch|― j maeho|ajoh| ho |x
ljerjt}geaho}j/ ]jmg| cg| rht|jog| rxhmho |ht giho}h|# gx}jth| j gl}jth| ho |x rtjrag ~amg/ Cg
hv}htogca{glaüo oj| fgdcg mhc rgrhc ljej giho}h# rxh|}j wxh }jmg rht|jog gl}ûg mh gciûo ejmj q
h|h ljerjt}geaho}j rxhmh gnhl}gt mh ejmj| ma~ht|j| g cg| mheç|/ Rhtj hva|}h }gedaáo cg
rj|adacamgm mh |ht –gx}jt― mh cg rtjrag ~amg# h| mhlat# mh –lthgt― oxh|}tg rtjrag th|rxh|}g# gwxhccg
wxh oj| hvrth|g ljej rht|jog| q wxh oj| amho}analg go}h oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q go}h cj| mheç|/
Naogceho}h# fhej| mh |ht ljo|laho}h| mh wxh ~a~aej| ho xo –h|lhogtaj― wxh oj fhej| hchiamj q
wxh ljo}hv}xgca{g# mh njteg exq rthla|g# oxh|}tg| th|rxh|}g|/ \jej|# rjt }go}j q ho h|}h |ho}amj#
–gl}jth|―/ Q }jmj hccj fglh wxh oxh|}tj| gl}j|# |hgo lxgch| nxhtho# h|}áo ~aolxcgmj| g oxh|}tg
cadht}gm# oxh|}tg ~jcxo}gm q oxh|}tg lgrglamgm mh glhr}glaüo/ Ljo oxh|}tj| gl}j| thgch|
ej|}tgej| cj wxh wxhthej| |ht# cj| ehmaj| wxh h|}gej| ma|rxh|}j| g rjoht ho kxhij q fg|}g wxá
rxo}j h|}gej| ma|rxh|}j| g g|xeat cg| ljo|hlxholag| mh oxh|}tg cadht}gm q oxh|}tg ~jcxo}gm holgmg –h|lhogtaj― rgt}alxcgt/
Ho xo |hixomj ejeho}j# cj| ljerjt}geaho}j| |jo jdkh}a~gmj|# h| mhlat# –|h |hrgtgo― mh cg|
rht|jog| wxh cj| thgca{go q rahtmho# rjt g|å mhlatcj# |x lgtçl}ht rht|jogc j aoma~amxgc/ \h ~ho cj|
ljerjt}geaho}j| ea|ej|# ljej |a h|}j| oj }x~ahtgo ogmg wxh ~ht ljo cg| mhla|ajoh| mh cg| rht|jog|
wxh cj| rjoho ho rtçl}alg/ Mh|mh h|}h rtjlh|j mh –jdkh}a~glaüo―# gcixoj| ljerjt}geaho}j| |h
–ao|}a}xlajogca{go―# |h h|}gdchlho ljej rgx}g| mh cg thgcamgm ea|eg# ljej cj wxh cg thgcamgm h|# ljej
cj wxh h| h|rhtgdch wxh |xlhmg j wxh |h fgig# gmwxatahomj xo laht}j lgtçl}ht ojteg}a~j; g|å h| ljej
|jo j ljej |h fglho cg| lj|g| q ljej fgq wxh h|rhtgt wxh |h gl}ûh ho lgmg lg|j rgt}alxcgt/
\ao hedgtij# h|}j oj |ücj |xlhmh mh njteg hv}htog g cg| rht|jog|# oj |jo |ücj cj| mheç| cj| wxh
jdkh}a~go j cg |jlahmgm cg wxh ao|}a}xlajogca{g oxh|}tj| ljerjt}geaho}j|/ Cg jdkh}a~glaüo q cg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 113/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/772/ / / / / / / / /
ao|}a}xlajogca{glaüo }gedaáo |h mh|gttjccgo mho}tj mh lgmg rht|jog# g }tg~á| mhc rtjqhl}j wxh lgmg
xoj ~g ljo|}txqhomj q g|xeahomj rgtg |å ea|ej q g }tg~á| mh cj wxh lgmg rht|jog ~gej| ~a~ahomj
thgceho}h/ Rhtj h|}j oj h|# ho ejmj gcixoj# xog gnateglaüo amhgca|}g/ Oj rjmhej| thgca{gt ho
oj|j}tj| ea|ej| lxgcwxaht rtjqhl}j q |jo cg ~amg thgc# cj| gl}j|# ljerjt}geaho}j|# mhla|ajoh|#gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| thgch|# cj| wxh fglho j oj rj|adch cg thgca{glaüo mhc rtjqhl}j/ Cg lxh|}aüo# g|å#
oj h| |ücj wxh oj| ~gej| grtjragomj mh rj|adacamgmh| q thgca{glajoh| g }tg~á| mh h|j| gl}j| q
jrlajoh|# |aoj wxh á|}g|# mh gciûo ejmj# |h glgdgo gmxh÷gomj mh oj|j}tj| grgthlahomj# ho
gcixog jlg|aüo# ljej –aomhrhomaho}h|― ho laht}j ejmj mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej|/ Q h|}j |h lxerch
}go}j |a oxh|}tj rtjqhl}j q oxh|}tg| thgca{glajoh| oj| holgeaogo fglag cg rgxcg}aog fxegoa{glaüo
mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej|# ljej |a oj| holgeaogo fglag xog mh|fxegoa{glaüo0 }go}j |a gxeho}go
oxh|}tg egmxth{ q lgcamgm fxegog ljej |a cg caea}go# cg ma|eaoxqho j cg aeramho/
Ljo h|}j| }th| rtaehtj| rtjlh|j| rjmhej| ljerthomht wxh cg |jlahmgm “q cg thgcamgm |jlagc% h|
–ljo|}txamg― g rgt}at mh gllajoh|# ljerjt}geaho}j|# mhla|ajoh|# gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| rht|jogch| haoma~amxgch|/ Rhtj h|}g thgcamgm |jlagc# h|g |jlahmgm ljolth}g q rgt}alxcgt# qg hva|}h lxgomj oglho
cg| rht|jog| mh cg| |aixaho}h| ihohtglajoh|/ ]jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj| oglhej| ho ngeacag|#
ljo}hv}j| q |jlahmgmh| rth~ageho}h hva|}ho}h| q wxh oj fhej| hchiamj/ Gc ehoj|# oj mh|mh xo
rtaeht ejeho}j/ Q mh|mh wxh oglhej|# mxtgo}h }jmg oxh|}tg ~amg# fhej| mh grthomht g |ht
rht|jog| ho xo ljo}hv}j ljolth}j q rgt}alxcgt# ho hc wxh hva|}ho rtjnxomg| g|aeh}tåg| wxh
ljonaixtgo cg hvrhtaholag mh cj| wxh ao}htgllajogo ho ác# ljonataáomjch| xog rht|rhl}a~g ho cg
rhtlhrlaüo mh cg thgcamgm h aoncxqhomj ho cg mhnaoalaüo mh |x| ao}hth|h|/ Oj |h rxhmh |ht rht|jog ho
ihohtgc# mh egohtg aoh|rhlånalg/ \h fg mh |ht rht|jog ho }gc j lxgc ngeacag# ho }gc j lxgc ljo}hv}j j
ljokxo}j mh ljo}hv}j|# ho }gc j lxgc |jlahmgm q ejeho}j fa|}ütalj/
H|h h| hc rgrhc mh cg |jlagca{glaüo j# |a |h rthnahth# cg aerjt}golag mh cg| eûc}arch| |jlagca{glajoh|/
]jmg |jlagca{glaüo |xrjoh xog }tgo|ea|aüo mh xog }tgmalaüo/ Q# mh njteg nxomgeho}gc# aercalg cg
}tgo|ea|aüo mh cj| ejmj| mh |ht rht|jog# mh cj| ejmj| mh rhtladat q ~gcjtgt cg thgcamgm q mh cj|
ejmj| mh th|rjomht g hccg/ Cg |jlagca{glaüo jnthlh g }jmj |ht fxegoj cg rj|adacamgm mh |gdht lüej
|ht rht|jog ho hc exomj ho hc wxh ch fg }jlgmj ~a~at/ Cg |jlagca{glaüo h| }go aerjt}go}h wxh# |ao
hccg# oj }homtågej| cg rj|adacamgm mh grthomht g |ht –fxegoj|―/ Q hc ejmj ho wxh cj |hgej|
mhrhomh# ho xog rgt}h exq aerjt}go}h# mh cj wxh oj| fgqg amj |ahomj }tgo|ea}amj/ Rhtj fhej| mh
ho}homht wxh }jmg |jlagca{glaüo h| mh gciûo ejmj gcij aerxh|}j# |xrjoh xog ljhtlaüo j
ljgllaüo/ Oj h| wxh }gc j lxgc |jlagca{glaüo |hg aerxh|}g# ljhtla}a~g j ljgl}a~g/ ]jmg |jlagca{glaüo#aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x ljo}hoamj# cj h| rxh| oj fg |amj hchiamg rjt cg| rht|jog| wxh cg
thladho/ Cg }tgmalaüo mh cg aixgcmgm# mh cg kx|}alag# mh cg cadht}gm h| }go aerxh|}g ljej cg }tgmalaüo
mh cg mh|aixgcmgm# cg aokx|}alag q cg jrth|aüo# gxowxh th|xc}h h~amho}h wxh oj }jmj| cj| ljo}hoamj|
rj|adch| }ahoho hc ea|ej ~gcjt mh|mh xo rxo}j mh ~a|}g á}alj j aolcx|j ehtgeho}h –fxegoj―/ Rhtj
fg|}g cg ea|eg ~gcjtglaüo njteg rgt}h mh cj }tgo|ea}amj q# ho h|h |ho}amj# h| aixgceho}h aerxh|}j
ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j/
\ao hedgtij# th|xc}g h~amho}h mh|mh cg egqjt rgt}h mh cg| hvrhtaholag| rht|jogch|# |a oj }jmg|#
wxh oj }jmj cj wxh oj| fg |amj }tgo|ea}amj h| aixgceho}h ~gcjtgmj q glhr}gmj# |ao eç|# rjt lgmg
xoj mh oj|j}tj| q mh oj|j}tg|/ Mh cj wxh thladaej|# –ao}htogca{gej|― |ücj xog rgt}h; fglhej|oxh|}tj|# hcaiaáomjcj|# gcixoj| hcheho}j| q oj j}tj|/ J aolcx|j g|xeaej| lxh|}ajoh| wxh# ljo hc
rg|j mhc }aherj q mh oxh~g| hvrhtaholag| th|jlagca{gmjtg|# g ehoxmj mh|mh hc ljo}tg|}h h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 114/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 777/ / / / / / / / /
ao}htgllaüo ljo j}tj|# glgdgej| rjt lxh|}ajogt q thlfg{gt ~a}gceho}h/ \ücj hcaiahomj q jr}gomj q#
rjt }go}j# hkhtlahomj cg cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm# h| ljej cg fxegoamgm rxhmh |ht ljo|}txamg q
mh|gttjccgmg/ Oaoixog aerj|alaüo# rjt nátthg q mh|ragmgmg wxh h|}g rxmahtg cchigt g |ht# }ahoh cg
eç| eåoaeg rj|adacamgm mh rhtmxtgt aomhnaoamgeho}h ho hc }aherj/ Hc nao mh aerhtaj| q mal}gmxtg|#aolcx|j mh cj| rhjth| |a|}heg| dg|gmj| ho hc }httjt# g|å oj| cj mhexh|}tg/ Rhtj cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh
wxá |h ao}htogca{g }ahoho wxh ~ht }gedaáo ljo cj }tgo|ea}amj/ G|å# cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh cg aixgcmgm
rxhmh |xrjoht# ho |å ea|eg# cg manalxc}gm j cg aerj|adacamgm mh wxh |hgo glhr}gmg| cg mjeaoglaüo j
cg fhihejoåg# ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg kx|}analglaüo j chia}aeglaüo g cg wxh h|}g| thlxttgo/ Cg
}tgo|ea|aüo mh cg cadht}gm q mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm rxhmh |xrjoht# ho |å ea|eg# cg manalxc}gm j cg
aerj|adacamgm mh wxh |h glhr}ho cg |xea|aüo q cg |xkhlaüo g lta}htaj| j rj|alajoh| j ~gcjtglajoh|
gkhog|# g cg ehtg ~jcxo}gm gkhog/
Gmheç|# cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh lxgcwxaht }tgmalaüo oxolg h| oa rxhmh |ht xog ehtg thrh}alaüo mhc
rg|gmj/ Gc ehoj| rjt }th| tg{joh|/ Rtaehtg# rjtwxh lxgcwxaht }tgmalaüo |h }tgo|ea}h rjt rht|jog|ljo hvrhtaholag| dajitçnalg| ma|}ao}g| q# rjt hccj# cj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h }homtç ma|}ao}j| glho}j| q
eg}alh| q mgtç ljej th|xc}gmj ma|}ao}g| rj|adacamgmh|/ \hixomg# rjtwxh cj }tgo|ea}amj |h thladh
rjt rht|jog| ljo hvrhtaholag| q thnhtholag| manhtho}h|# rjtwxh |h }tg}g mh hvrhtaholag| q
thnhtholag| rht|jogch|# g cg| wxh }x~ahtjo cj| wxh }tgo|ea}ho cg }tgmalaüo# cj| wxh cg h|}gdchlahtjo
ljej }tgmalaüo q g cg| mh cj| mheç| wxh h|}ço thladahomj cg ea|eg }tgo|ea|aüo/ Q }htlhtg# rjtwxh
lgmg xog mh cg| rht|jog| wxh thladh cj }tgo|ea}amj cj grcalgtç# ohlh|gtageho}h# g |x rtjrag ~amg q
thgcamgm# manhtho}h mh cg mh cj| mheç|/ Rjt }jmj hccj# cg ehtg thrh}alaüo ho cg fa|}jtag h|
gd|jcx}geho}h aerj|adch q cg namhcamgm fa|}ütalg &g xog }tgmalaüo# g cg rtjrag ngeacag# g mh}hteaogmg|
lthholag|# amhg| j rj|alajoh|! oj rxhmh ljo|hixat|h |aoj ljej –rtj|hixaeaho}j―/
Naogceho}h# |jo cj| hcheho}j| ao}htogca{gmj| cj| wxh |at~ho mh dg|h aerth|laomadch q rhtea}ho xo
ljerjt}geaho}j# xog| gllajoh|# xog| gl}a}xmh| q xog| ~gcjtglajoh| &xo ejmj mh |ht rht|jog# mh h|}gt
ho cg thgcamgm q mh th|rjomht g hccg!# mh oxh~j rht|jogch|# –aoma~amxgch|― ho h|h |ho}amj q g rh|gt mh |x
lgtçl}ht –|jlagc―# –thnhtholagc― j –ljo}hv}xgc― |a |h rthnahth# q –|xdkh}a~j|―/ Q h| h|}g –|xdkh}a~glaüo― cg wxh
}tgo|njteg cj| hcheho}j| ao}htogca{gmj|# ljo|laho}h| j aoljo|laho}h|# ho cj wxh lgmg |xkh}j# lgmg
rht|jog# fglh# mhlamh# h}l/# ej|}tgomj }jmj hccj g cj| mheç| g }tg~á| mh xog oxh~g hv}htogca{glaüo#
lhttgomj hc låtlxcj q thra}aáomj|h }jmj hc rtjlh|j# ihohtglaüo }tg| ihohtglaüo/
\ao hedgtij# h|}h ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| |at~h }go}j rgtg ho}homht lüej nxolajog q ljej rxhmhih|}ajogt|h cg ehtg thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc ljej }jmg| cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh lgedaj |jlagc/ Ljej fhej|
~a|}j gttadg# wxh |h thra}g aomhnaoamgeho}h hc ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| oj rxhmh |aioanalgt wxh |h thra}go
xoj| ljo}hoamj| rgt}alxcgth| x j}tj| |ao ~gtaglaüo oa lgedaj gcixoj; cg ehtg thrtjmxllaüo |ao lgedaj| h|
gcij aerj|adch oa ho cg| ngeacag|# oa ho cj| itxrj|# oa ho cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 115/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/774/ / / / / / / / /
<%% \jlagca{glaüo h amho}amgm ho xog |jlahmgm exc}alxc}xtgc; fglht rj|adch|cg| hvrhtaholag| q gljerg÷gt cj| rtjlh|j|
Cj| rtjlh|j| mh ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm |h rtjmxlho mh egohtg ma|}ao}g ho ~at}xm mhc }arj mhljo}hv}j |jlagc ho wxh }hoigo cxigt/ Ho ljo}hv}j| wxh rjmtågej| mhnaoat ljej –rj|}tgmalajogch|―#
ho wxh cg ma~ht|amgm mh thnhtho}h| |aioanalg}a~j| h| lgmg ~h{ egqjt# q |x gm|ltarlaüo oj mhrhomh
hvlcx|a~geho}h mh cg rht}hoholag ljexoa}gtag mh cj| |xkh}j|# h|}j| rtjlh|j| |h lgtgl}hta{go “
|jdth }jmj ho cg gmjch|lholag% rjt xog ao}ho|g cgdjt mh hvrcjtglaüo mh cg thgcamgm q mh |x|
rj|adacamgmh|/ Xog cgdjt wxh lgmg ~h{ eç| mhrhomh mhc aoma~amxj# wxh |h ~h |jeh}amj g xog
ljerchkå|aeg }gthg mh dû|wxhmg# |hchllaüo q ljo|}txllaüo mh xo |ho}amj ~a}gc q xog amho}amgm
|jlagc thljojladch rjt |x| j}tj| |aioanalg}a~j|# rhtj# g |x ~h{# g|xeadch rjt ác ea|ej/
Ho h|g }gthg# cg nxolaüo mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch| wxh |jo thnhtholag nxomgeho}gc mhc rtjlh|j mh
|jlagca{glaüo |h ~h rtjnxomgeho}h gnhl}gmg/ Rjt |xrxh|}j wxh h|}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| ljo}aoûgogl}xgomj ljej ejmhcj| mh thnhtholag q ixåg| wxh mj}go mh rgx}g| mh ljomxl}g/ Rhtj lgmg ~h{
gmwxahth egqjt aerjt}golag hc rgrhc wxh fgo mh g|xeat ho hc gljerg÷geaho}j mhc rtjlh|j mh
ljonaixtglaüo amho}a}gtag wxh fg mh thljttht hc rtjraj aoma~amxj/
\h }tg}g mh xo rtjlh|j wxh# ljej qg aomalgtg Hta`|jo# dg|lxcg ho}th cg hvrcjtglaüo q hc
ljertjea|j0 mj| rtjlh|j| wxh gclgo{go |x eçvaej maogea|ej ho cg h}grg mh cg gmjch|lholag/ Cg
hvrcjtglaüo |h thnahth g cg| maoçealg| mh dû|wxhmg q mh|lxdtaeaho}j gl}a~j mh cg| manhtho}h|
jrlajoh| ~a}gch| wxh |h gdtho go}h hc aoma~amxj ho lgmg ejeho}j mh |x rtjlh|j mh mh|gttjccj/
Aercalg gciûo }arj mh ~gcjtglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| gc}htog}a~g| go}h| mh }jegt mhla|ajoh| |jdth
rtçl}alg|# eh}g|# ~gcjth| q lthholag|/ Hc ljertjea|j |h thnahth g cg gmjrlaüo mh mhla|ajoh|
thcg}a~geho}h nateh| |jdth hcheho}j| mh cg rtjrag amho}amgm# ljo cg ljo|aixaho}h aercalglaüo ho
gl}a~amgmh| |aioanalg}a~g| mataiamg| gc mh|gttjccj mh h|g| jrlajoh|/
Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# ho ljo}hv}j| |jlagch| lgtgl}hta{gmj| rjt cg rth|holag mh xog itgo
ma~ht|amgm mh jrlajoh| ~a}gch|# mh thnhtho}h| |aedücalj| q ojteg}a~j| mh|mh cj| wxh mgt |ho}amj g
cg rtjrag hvrhtaholag h ao}htrth}gt cg| rtjrag| thcglajoh| ljo hc exomj q ljo cg| rht|jog|
|aioanalg}a~g|# cg ljedaoglaüo mh gedj| rtjlh|j|# hvrcjtglaüo q ljertjea|j# h| ltxlagc ho hc
mh|gttjccj mh cg amho}amgm/ Q cg ljerchkamgm q ncxamh{ mh h|}j| ljo}hv}j| ljo~aht}h h|}g –}gthg― ~a}gc
ho gcij thgceho}h ljercalgmj rgtg cj| gmjch|lho}h|# ho h|rhlagc lxgomj oj fgo lthlamj hoho}jtoj| wxh ch| fgqgo rthrgtgmj rgtg h|}h }arj mh th}j|/
H|}g manalxc}gm |h fglh rg}ho}h# ho rtaeht cxigt# ho gwxhccj| lg|j| ho wxh hc ho}jtoj mh rtjvaeamgm
&ngeacag j ljexoamgm mh thnhtholag! fgqg h|}gdchlamj xo egtlj mh |jlagca{glaüo gc}geho}h
ljfh|ajogmj# gx}jthnhtholagc q ljgl}a~j# lhttgomj cg| hvrhtaholag| mhc oa÷j j oa÷g g lxgcwxaht
thgcamgm gkhog g cg h|}gdchlamg rjt hc itxrj/ Ho jlg|ajoh| h|}g| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| rxhmho
th|rjomht g manalxc}gmh| rgtg hvrth|gt cg rtjrag amho}amgm eç| gccç mhc itxrj mhdamj g cg oj
glhr}glaüo rjt rgt}h mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgceho}h mjeaogo}h|# ihohtgomj xog maoçealg mh
|hithiglaüo |jlagc/ Ho jlg|ajoh| |h }tg}g eç| daho mh maoçealg| thcglajogch| wxh dx|lgo hc
gergtj mhc itxrj á}oalj ljej gejt}aixgmjt mh cg| }ho|ajoh| q ljoncal}j| hvrhtaeho}gmj| ho cg|manålach| ljomalajoh| ho wxh fgo mh ~a~at exlfj| aoeaitgo}h|/ J }gedaáo |h rxhmho mhdht g
rtçl}alg| mh gx}j%|hithiglaüo wxh dx|lgo ego}hoht rxtg| cg| thnhtholag| mh cg rtjrag lxc}xtg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 116/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 77</ / / / / / / / /
Aolcx|j# rj|adcheho}h |h }tg}h mh xog ljedaoglaüo mh cj| }th| ngl}jth| eholajogmj|# q mh j}tg|
exlfg| aolamholag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th itxrj| wxh |h hvrhtaeho}go ljej
gkhoj|# wxh |h rhtladho mh|mh |aercanalglajoh| q h|}hthj}arj|# q wxh |h thcglajogo ho xo ljo}hv}j
|jlajhljoüealj mh}hteaogmj rjt ao}hth|h| q nxht}h| g|aeh}tåg|/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j cg|thrhtlx|ajoh| rgtg hc rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo mh cj| ehojth| h| wxh |h }ahomh g ihohtgt xo
ljertjea|j hvlh|a~geho}h }hertgoj ljo hc itxrj wxh farj}hlg gc gmjch|lho}h g cg| jrlajoh|
rthljolhdamg| rjt |x ljo}hv}j ngeacagt j itxrgc# |ao wxh ác j hccg rxhmg thljojlht |x lgeaoj
rgt}alxcgt mh ho}th cj| wxh |h gdtho g |x rg|j ho |x ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ljo thgcamgmh| manhtho}h| g
cg| mhc itxrj mh thnhtholag/ \a daho cg ehojt grht}xtg g cg hvrhtaholag rxhmh eaoaea{gt
}herjtgceho}h cg hvrj|alaüo g |a}xglajoh| mh go|ahmgm j ljonx|aüo# cg rtj}hllaüo |ücj cchig fg|}g
mjomh gclgo{g cg gllaüo mhc itxrj mh thnhtholag/ Mh h|}h ejmj |h ihohtgo |a}xglajoh| mh
mhrhomholag# ehojt gx}jojeåg q lgrglamgm mh aoalag}a~g aoma~amxgc# wxh manalxc}go cg ao}hitglaüo mh
cj| aoma~amxj| ho xog |jlahmgm ljerchkg wxh ~g eç| gccç mh h|j| itxrj|/
Ho |hixomj cxigt# cg| manalxc}gmh| }gedaáo |h mgo ho gwxhccj| lg|j| ho wxh hc rtjlh|j mh
|jlagca{glaüo lgthlh mh grjqj| q rgx}g|# ljonaixtçomj|h ljej xog hvrhtaholag manx|g#
mh|lho}tgmg# |ao mathllaüo q wxh hvrhtaeho}g manhtho}h| jrlajoh| q hvrhtaholag| –mh njteg
rg|a~g―# |hiûo ~go egtlgomj cj| gljo}hlaeaho}j| j hc ho}jtoj/ Cg |ho|glaüo mh –mhkgt|h cch~gt―#
ljo cg ljo|aixaho}h ~xcohtgdacamgm g cg| rth|ajoh| gkhog|# |h ljo~aht}h ho cg njteg mh ~amg mh
exlfj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|# lxqg| hvrhtaholag| oj rxhmho ljo}gt ljo ogmah wxh ch| jtaho}h j wxh ch|
gdtg oxh~g| rht|rhl}a~g|/ G ehoxmj rjtwxh cg| ljomalajoh| |jlagch| q cgdjtgch| manalxc}go hc
hkhtlalaj mh xog rg}htoamgm*eg}htoamgm wxh mhmawxh }aherj q g}holaüo g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|/ Ho
jlg|ajoh| rjtwxh oj |h rj|hho cg| ljerh}holag| j cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg gl}xgt ljej
nglaca}gmjth| mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh hvrcjtglaüo/ J daho rjtwxh |h rtjmxlho mh|holxho}tj| ho}th cj|
giho}h| &ngeacag*h|lxhcg! wxh mhdhtågo g|xeat h|h tjc# ljo cg ljo|aixaho}h hvrhtaholag mh
aoljfhtholag j mh|ljolaht}j rjt rgt}h mh cj| ehojth|# wxh g ngc}g mh xog thnhtholag lcgtg#
mh|gttjccgo rgx}g| mh ljomxl}g httç}alg|/
Ntho}h g gedg| |a}xglajoh|# ljertjea|j }hertgoj q manx|aüo mh amho}amgm# ngeacag q h|lxhcg
rxhmho ljo~ht}at|h ho nglaca}gmjth| mh rtjlh|j| mh dû|wxhmg gl}a~g# rj|adaca}gomj cg hvrth|aüo mh
cg ma~ht|amgm# gdtahomj h|rglaj| rgtg cg| hvrhtaholag| ~a}gch| mh ma|}ao}g og}xtgch{g# wxh rhtea}go g
oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh|lxdtat –ljo wxá |h |aho}ho ~a~j|―# |g}a|nhlfj| q –hccj| ea|ej|―# ~gcjtgomj ho
maçcjij ljo hccj| |x| |ho}aeaho}j|# mh|lxdtaeaho}j| h aolht}amxedth|/ Xo rtjlh|j rgtg hc wxh#ljej ljeho}gthej| eç| gmhcgo}h# |h fglh aerth|laomadch ljo}gt ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo q# |a h|
rj|adch# xog laht}g –ljercalamgm― mh cg| ngeacag| ljo cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/
Mh h|}h ejmj |h nglaca}g hc mh|gttjccj mh cj wxh Kgeh| Egtlag4=mhnaoh ljej –amho}amgm mh cjitj―# wxh
thwxahth cg gt}alxcglaüo mh rtjlh|j| gl}a~j| q ljo|laho}h| mh hvrcjtglaüo# |jlagceho}h ljo}tg|}gmj|
q g|xeamj| %j thlfg{gmj|% rjt hc aoma~amxj ho nxolaüo mh |x hvrhtaholag/ Hc th|xc}gmj h| xog
amho}amgm eç| |ücamg# nxho}h mh ljertjea|j| ~a}gch| g|xeamj| mh ejmj gx}üojej &oj rjt rth|ajoh|
gkhog|! q# g |x ~h{# hc mh|gttjccj mh xog egqjt ljerh}holag rht|jogc rgtg gntjo}gt cj| lgedaj| ho hc
ljo}hv}j q cg| mhegomg| wxh h|}j| lgedaj| rxhmho aercalgt rgtg cg rtjrag ~amg/ Xog| ljerh}holag|
nxomgeho}gch| ho ljo}hv}j| |jlagch| lgtgl}hta{gmj| rjt xog gc}g ej~acamgm q nchvadacamgm wxhrtj~jlgo |a}xglajoh| mh gojeag j ngc}g mh |ho}amj gccç mjomh cg| }tgo|njteglajoh| &|jlagch|#
cgdjtgch|# lxc}xtgch|…! mhkgo g cg ao}herhtah cg| hvrhtaholag| mh oxehtj|g| rht|jog|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 117/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/77=/ / / / / / / / /
Mh h|h ejmj# cj| rtjdcheg| mh mh|gttgaij hvrhtaeho}gmj rjt exlfg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg| }ahoho
exlfj wxh ~ht ljo h|g mh|grgtalaüo &j mh|chia}aeglaüo! mh |x| thnhtholag| lxc}xtgch|# g lgedaj mh |x
ao}hitglaüo ho ljo}hv}j| |jlagch| wxh ch| ljo|amhtgo ljej laxmgmgoj| mh |hixomg# |ao
thljojlhtch| ljej aixgch| ho xog ao}htgllaüo thlårtjlg/ Ljej mh|gttjccgthej| eç| gmhcgo}h# cglthglaüo mh h|rglaj| ho wxh ihohtgt rtjlh|j| mh ao}htgllaüo# thljojlaeaho}j ex}xj q thgnateglaüo
mh amho}amgmh| rcxtgch|# g|å ljej hc gdtat rj|adacamgmh| mh hvrhtaholag| ljergt}amg| mh ma~ht|amgm ho
hc rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo mh oa÷j| q oa÷g| aoeaitgo}h| q gx}ül}joj| |jo cj| rtaolargch| th}j| wxh
ngeacag| q h|lxhcg| mhdhtço rcgo}hgt|h rgtg ljo|}txat xog |jlahmgm eç| aolcx|a~g/
H|}gej| fgdcgomj# rjt }go}j# mh rj|adaca}gt rtjlh|j| ho wxh cj| thnhtho}h| itxrgch| oj grgth{lgo
ljej xog dgtthtg rgtg cg dû|wxhmg rht|jogc# |aoj ljej rj|adacamgmh| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj mh cg
ea|eg/ \h }tg}g# rjt hccj# mh gdtat lgeaoj| rgtg |x thljttamj# g|xeahomj ngeacag q hmxlgmjth| hc tjc
mh gljerg÷go}h| q# ho }jmj lg|j# mh ixåg| mhc wxh lgeaog/
Rgtg wxh h|}j |hg g|å h| ohlh|gtaj wxh |h mho hvrhtaholag| ngeacagth| mh ljexoalglaüo gdaht}g| q
wxh |h grjqho ho cg hvrth|aüo mhc gnhl}j q hc grjqj aoljomalajogc# rjt xo cgmj# q wxh# g |x ~h{#
egtwxho cj| cåea}h| mh thnhtholag# wxh gl}ûho ljej –|h÷gca{glaüo― q ljej lgxlh| mh rj|adacamgm
rgtg hc rtjlh|j rht|jogc/ Ho h|h |ho}amj# rjmhej| |h÷gcgt lxg}tj itxrj| mh h|}acj| hmxlg}a~j|
ngeacagth|# mh cj| wxh mhrhomh cg |jlagca{glaüo q |x| th|xc}gmj| q rj|adacamgmh|# |hiûo cg
ljedaoglaüo mh hvrth|ajoh| mh gnhl}j wxh |h mgo ho cg ngeacag# rjt xo cgmj# q cg lcgtamgm mh cj|
cåea}h| wxh oj mhdho |jdthrg|gt|h q mh cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh |h }ahoho |jdth cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|# q cg|
ljo|hlxholag| mhc aolxercaeaho}j mh cj| ea|ej|# rjt j}tj/
Hc gnhl}j oj h| |ücj xog ohlh|amgm fxegog nxomgeho}gc/ H| }gedaáo cg lcg~h mh exlfg| mh cg|
lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh ljonaixtgo cg rht|jogcamgm mh lgmg |ht fxegoj rgt}alxcgt# cg ljerchkg thgcamgm
rht|jogc# g|å ljej xo ngl}jt lcg~h ho cg rj|adacamgm mh ao}hitgt mh xog egohtg gmhlxgmg malfg
4= Cj| }tgdgkj| mh Kgeh| Egtlag &~ht r/h/ @tjiht# K q Egtlag# K/ &4277!# ]fh amho}a}q |}g}x|h|; Jtaiao|#
ehgoaoi| gom ao}htrth}g}ajo|# ho \lfygt}{# \/K/ &4277!/ Fgomdjj` jn Amho}a}q ]fhjtq gom Th|hgtlf/
\rtaoiht \laholh+Dx|aoh|| Ehmag ! rth}homho cg jrhtg}a~a{glaüo mh cg| amhg| mh Hta`|jo |jdth
mh|gttjccj mh cg amho}amgm/ H|}h gx}jt rcgo}hg wxh cg hvrcjtglaüo mh gc}htog}a~g| |aioanalg}a~g| h| xo
aomalgmjt mhc }tgdgkj wxh thgca{g hc |xkh}j rgtg cjitgt xo |ho}amj mh amho}amgm# mh ejmj wxh xog
}jeg mh mhla|ajoh| thgca{gmg mh|mh cg hvrcjtglaüo mh cg| gc}htog}a~g| manhtho}h| aomalgo xo |ho}amjmh amho}amgm |ücamj q |xnalaho}heho}h nchvadch ljej rgtg ej~ht|h ho ljo}hv}j| |jlagch| mh
aolht}amxedth/ Aixgceho}h# cj| ljertjea|j| wxh th|xc}go mh h|g| hvrhtaholag| grgthlho ljej
eç| |ücamj| q |g}a|ngl}jtaj|/ Gxowxh h|}j| }tgdgkj| |h fgo grcalgmj nxomgeho}gceho}h gc rtjlh|j
mh njteglaüo mh cg amho}amgm gmjch|lho}h &~ht gc th|rhl}j cj| }tgdgkj| mh [glgtá|# rjt hkhercj#
[glgtá|# K/K/ h Adjttg# G &422># Egt{j!; ºH| rj|adch cg jr}aea{glaüo mhc mh|gttjccj mh cg amho}amgm ho
cg gmjch|lholag: Ao}ht~holajoh| eç| gccç mhc gx}jljolhr}j/ Ho Lxc}xtg q Hmxlglaüo# ^jc/ 76# O» 7#
rr/ <7%=># oj| rgthlho h|rhlagceho}h aomalgmj| rgtg ljerthomht cj| th}j| rgtg cj| wxh ngeacag q
h|lxhcg mhdho rthrgtgt fjq ho måg g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| q# mh xo ejmj h|rhlagc# g oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh
ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# mhdamj g cg ljerchkamgm mh cj| ngl}jth| wxh ljonaixtgo |x| ljomalajoh| mh |j%
lagca{glaüo/ Xoj| th}j| wxh# rjt |xrxh|}j# mhdhtço th|rjomht|h }hoahomj ho lxho}g j}tj| exlfj|ngl}jth|# ljej hc oa~hc mh mh|gttjccj |jlajljioa}a~j rtjraj mh lgmg hmgm/ Ho h|h |ho}amj#
ljo|amhtgej| wxh h| xo egtlj gmhlxgmj rgtg cg ljertho|aüo mh cj wxh |h mh|gttjccg ho cj|
|aixaho}h| grgt}gmj| mhc lgrå}xcj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 118/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 778/ / / / / / / / /
ljerchkamgm/ Cg ljexoalglaüo gnhl}a~g# hvrhtaeho}gmg ho ljomalajoh| mh thlartjlamgm# h|
nxomgeho}gc ho h|}h rtjlh|j/ Mh xog ljtthl}g thcglaüo mh grhij q mh }jmg| cg| hvrth|ajoh| mh
gnhl}j wxh |h mgo ho cg ngeacag rxhmho mhrhomht cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh egmxtglaüo# lthlaeaho}j q
mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh lgmg rht|jog/
Rjt j}tg rgt}h# xoj| cåea}h| lcgtj| rhtea}ho grthomht g gntjo}gt cg ntx|}tglaüo# }go nthlxho}h ho j}tg|
h}grg| mh cg ~amg q ho cg| |a}xglajoh| |jdth cg| wxh oj }hohej| ljo}tjc gcixoj/ Cg lcgtamgm ho cj|
cåea}h| q cg ljfhtholag ho |x grcalglaüo exh|}tgo }gedaáo ~gcjth| q rtajtamgmh|# ljej cg|
hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh |h }ahoho |jdth cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|/ Cåea}h| q hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh rhtea}ho# naogceho}h#
wxh cg rht|jog rxhmg th|rjo|gdaca{gt|h mh |x| rtjraj| cjitj| q h~a}gt# ho cj rj|adch# |x| httjth|/ Cj
lxgc gqxmg g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg gx}jaegiho# mh cg gx}jh|}aeg q mh cg rtjrag amho}amgm rht|jogc/
Ljedaogomj gedj| ngl}jth|# xo x|j –tg{jogdch― &ho hc eç| h|}tal}j |ho}amj mhc }áteaoj! mh cj|
cåea}h| thwxahth# gmheç|# rcgo}hgt|h mh|mh xo maçcjij wxh rhtea}g hvrcalgt |x |ho}amj#th|rjomahomj mh njteg gmhlxgmg g cg| |a}xglajoh|/ Ho jlg|ajoh| thwxhtatço xog laht}g
ohijlaglaüo# ho cg ehmamg ho wxh hc maçcjij fg mh aoljtrjtgt hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|
&|jdth }jmj ho hc lg|j mh gmjch|lho}h|!# cj wxh thwxahth# rjt rgt}h mh ngeacag j hmxlgmjth|# rjoht
ho kxhij cg lgrglamgm mh rtajta{glaüo/ Mh h|}h ejmj |h nglaca}g cg ljertho|aüo mh cg| ojteg|
mh|mh xog hvrhtaholag mh thljojlaeaho}j ex}xj q thlartjlamgm/ Mh h|h ejmj gdtaej| cg
rj|adacamgm mh wxh h|j| cåea}h| |h rxhmgo hvrhtaeho}gt ljej grjqj# oj ljej dgtthtg/
\a# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# cj| cåea}h| |h rcgo}hgo mh ejmj gtda}tgtaj j rjlj tg{jogdch# h| eç| nçlac wxh |h
hvrhtaeho}ho ljej aerj|alaüo# mhnaoahomj daho xog thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo*|xdjtmaoglaüo wxh oj
rhtea}g xog ao}htajta{glaüo gx}üojeg mh cj| lta}htaj| hmxlg}a~j| wxh |h rth}homho }tgo|ea}at# j daho
mh mjeaoglaüo*th|a|}holag# wxh th|xc}g ho xo thlfg{j gdaht}j mh cg| aomalglajoh| ngeacagth|# wxh |h
hvrhtaeho}go ljej dgtthtg| lgtho}h| mh |ho}amj/ J# rjt j}tj cgmj# cg lgtholag mh cåea}h| rxhmh |ht
~a~amg ljej hvrhtaholag mh mh|gergtj &ngc}g mh ixåg|! go}h xo exomj ljerchkj# j daho ljej
hvrhtaholag mh gdgomjoj &–ogmah |h rthjlxrg mh eå―!/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# |h }tg}gtåg mh xog
rhtea|a~amgm wxh oj hmxlg ho hc gntjo}geaho}j mh cg ntx|}tglaüo# oa h|}gdchlh rgx}g| mh thnhtholag
go}h hc exomj ho |x ljerchkamgm/
Ho nxolaüo mh h|}j| mj| ngl}jth|# rxh|# rjmhej| manhtholagt hc h|}acj hmxlg}a~j mhejltç}alj &gc}g
hvrth|aüo mh gnhl}j# cåea}h| lcgtj|# hvrhl}g}a~g| gclgo{gdch|!# hc h|}acj gx}jta}gtaj &dgkg j oxcghvrth|aüo mh gnhl}j# cåea}h| lcgtj| h aonchvadch|# hvrhl}g}a~g| aogclgo{gdch|!# hc h|}acj rhtea|a~j &gc}g
hvrth|aüo mh gnhl}j# rjlg j oxcg lcgtamgm ho cj| cåea}h|# dgkg| j oxcg| hvrhl}g}a~g|! q hc h|}acj
ohicaiho}h j aomanhtho}h &dgkg hvrth|aüo mh gnhl}j# rjlg j oxcg lcgtamgm ho cj| cåea}h|# dgkg| j oxcg|
hvrhl}g}a~g|!/
Cg lxh|}aüo lho}tgc# gwxå# oj h| xog lcg|analglaüo eç| j ehoj| |xihtho}h# |aoj wxh mh cg
ljedaoglaüo mh gnhl}j hvrth|gmj# lcgtamgm ho cj| cåea}h| q tg{jogdacamgm q gmgr}glaüo mh cg|
hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh |h exh|}tgo g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|# |xtiatç xog mh}hteaogmg thcglaüo mh grhij mh
lgmg oa÷j j oa÷g ljo |x| rgmth|# mh cg wxh |xtih xo mh}hteaogmj –ejmhcj eho}gc mh thcglajoh|
ao}htrht|jogch|―; |hixtamgm q ljonago{g ho xoj ea|ej q ho cj| mheç| q lgrglamgm rgtg h|}gdchlhtq ego}hoht xog| thcglajoh| |jlagch| q gnhl}a~g| gtejoaj|g| q h|}gdch|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 119/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/77>/ / / / / / / / /
H|}h ejmhcj ~g g h|}gdchlht wxá }arj mh thcglajoh| rht|jogch| |jo –rj|adch|― j –rth~a|adch|―/ Q#
ljo hccj# ~g g jnthlht th|rxh|}g| g rthixo}g| ljej ºrxhmj ljonagt ho cj| mheç| lxgomj cj|
ohlh|a}j:0 ºeh wxahtho h|}gdcheho}h “h aoljomalajogceho}h% wxahoh| malho wxh eh wxahtho:0
ºrxhmj mgt rjt laht}j| q |hixtj| |x ~aolxcglaüo ljoeaij:0 º|jq lgrg{ mh cjitgt hc gnhl}j mh cj|mheç|:0 ºrxhmj jnthlht ea gnhl}j g cj| mheç|:0 º|jq lgrg{ mh ego}hoht xog thcglaüo gnhl}a~g
ljo j}tg| rht|jog|:0 ºrxhmj ljonagt ho eå ea|ej ho lxgo}j g ea lgrglamgm mh ljexoalglaüo q
thcglaüo ljo j}tg| rht|jog|:0 ºrxhmj egoanh|}gt ea gnhl}j j ea| |ho}aeaho}j| lxgomj cj| |aho}j q
rhtea}at g cj| mheç| wxh hvrth|ho hc |xqj:
Q th|xc}g h~amho}h wxh cg gx}jh|}aeg# hc itgmj mh egmxth{ q th|rjo|gdacamgm# hc gx}jljo}tjc q cg
gx}jtthixcglaüo mhc ljerjt}geaho}j# cg gx}jojeåg rht|jogc# cg gx}jcaea}glaüo mh cg gith|a~amgm q cj|
ljerjt}geaho}j| ~ajcho}j|# ljej hc itgmj mh |jcamgtamgm q mh gc}txa|ej# |jo }gedaáo th|xc}gmj mh h|h
ejmhcj mh thcglaüo wxh |xtih mh|mh hc grhij q mh|mh cj| h|}acj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Gc naogc# ljej makaej| gc
fgdcgt mh cg |jlagca{glaüo# mh cj wxh |h }tg}g h|# ogmg eç| q ogmg ehoj|# wxh mh cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh cj|ejmj| mh |ht rht|jog# mh cj| ejmj| mh h|}gt ho cg thgcamgm q mh cj| ejmj| mh th|rjomht g hccg/
=%% Ngeacag q h|lxhcg; cg ljerchkamgm mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo
Qg fhej| |h÷gcgmj cg manalxc}gm mh fgdcgt mh –cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|― “j mh lxgcwxaht j}tg
lg}hijtåg j itxrj |jlagc% ljej |a nxhtg xog thgcamgm ljeûo q fjejiáohg/ Lxgomj |h h|}xmag cg
thgcamgm |jlagc fjoh|}geho}h# h|}g gitxrglaüo |h fglh ho nxolaüo mh gcixog| lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh
|h g}tadxqho ljexoh| j ljergt}amg|/ Wxh |h ljergt}g hc fhlfj mh cg heaitglaüo oj |aioanalg# rjt
hkhercj# wxh cg heaitglaüo |hg xog |jcg q ea|eg thgcamgm oa }hoig xo |aioanalgmj# oa |awxahtg
rgthlamj# ho}th xog| q j}tg| rht|jog|/ Rjt }go}j# hc rtjlh|j mh amho}analglaüo q gitxrglaüo mhdhtåg
at rthla|gomj q ma|}aoixahomj fg|}g cchigt g lgmg rht|jog j ngeacag rgt}alxcgt/ Lxgomj ao}ho}gej|
grcalgt cj| rtjlh|j| mh|lta}j| fg|}g gwxå g cg| rht|jog| j ngeacag| ljolth}g| fhej| mh }hoht
lxamgmj# rjt ljo|aixaho}h# rgtg oj ljonxomat cg lcgtamgm mh xog hvrcalglaüo ljo cg thgcamgm ea|eg#
wxh |aherth rxhmh |ht eç| ma~ht|g q ljerchkg wxh oxh|}tg hvrcalglaüo/
Mh cj malfj ho hc grgt}gmj go}htajt# |ao hedgtij# |h rxhmh hv}tght xog grcalglaüo h|rhlånalg g lgmg
itxrj |jlagc# mh|mh q ljo }jmg| |x| rgt}alxcgtamgmh|/ ]gedaáo# rjt }go}j# xog grcalglaüo rgtg lgmgeaojtåg á}oalg q rgtg hc ljokxo}j mh rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# |a nxhtg rj|adch njtegt –xo
itxrj― }go aerthla|j q fh}htjiáohj ljej h|h/ Gmheç|# mhdhej| gnategt# xog ~h{ eç|# cg
ohlh|amgm mh ej~htoj| q mh gl}xgt “mh |hixat gl}xgomj j mh herh{gt g gl}xgt% ho cg ljerchkamgm
q ho ehmaj mh cg aolht}amxedth/ Rjtwxh oa cg |jlagca{glaüo ljej rtjlh|j oa |x| ljo}hoamj|#
mhrhomho# ljej ~hthej|# ho hvlcx|a~g# oa mh chkj|# mh cg lgcamgm j cg ~jcxo}gm mh cg ngeacag oa mh cg
h|lxhcg# rjt exq –rtaegtag― &ho hc |ho}amj mh –rtaehtg― q ho hc |ho}amj mh –nxomgeho}gc―! wxh |h
lgcanawxh cg |jlagca{glaüo wxh cch~go g lgdj gedg| ao|}a}xlajoh|# cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg/
ºWxá rjmhej| mhlat# ho}jolh|# mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo# thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc q
}tgo|njteglaüo wxh |h mgo “j |h rjmtågo mgt%# mh|mh cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg# ho hc lg|j mh cj| oa÷j|q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|:
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 120/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 779/ / / / / / / / /
Ho rtaeht cxigt# fgdthej| mh ma|}aoixat ho}th cg thgcamgm lj}amagog q cg| aeçihoh| |jlagch| rhtladamg|
rjt h|}j| ehojth|/ Rjtwxh hccj| q hccg| ~go g rhtladat# rjt xo cgmj# cg thgcamgm mh |x ngeacag q |x|
ngeacagth| q ljojlamj|# q g cg ~h{# rjt j}tj# gwxhccg j}tg aegiho |jlagc# njtegmg rjt g}tadxlajoh|#
h|}hthj}arj| q rthkxalaj|# wxh |h rth|ho}g ljej thgc ho }áteaoj| –|jlagch|―/ Gedg| rhtlhrlajoh|njtego rgt}h mhc rtjlh|j mh hv}htogca{glaüo/ Cg rtaehtg# mh|mh cj wxh exh|}tgo cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|
lhtlgog| g lgmg ehojt; |x hmxlglaüo# |x h|nxht{j# |x dajitgnåg# |x| ~gcjth|# |x| jrlajoh| q
|gltanalaj|# |x| h|rhtgo{g|# rhtj }gedaáo |x oa~hc mh h|}xmaj|# |x hvrhtaholag q |x }tgdgkj/ Cg |hixomg#
mh|mh cj wxh –|h malh― mh cg| rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| ho cj| ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo# ho –cg
lgcch― &wxá lgcch|# ho wxá dgttaj|…!# q ho cg h|lxhcg; itgmj mh h}ojlho}ta|ej mh cg |jlahmgm thlhr}jtg
j mh mh|}aoj# itgmj mh aiojtgolag mh cg thgcamgm rtjrag q gkhog# itgmj mh |xrhtajtamgm g}tadxamg g cg
lxc}xtg q cg |jlahmgm gx}ül}jog# itgmj mh aonhtajtamgm g}tadxamg g cg| mheç| lxc}xtg| q |jlahmgmh|#
itgmj mh aonhtajtamgm g}tadxamg g cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg|# itgmj mh aolcx|aüo*hvlcx|aüo mh cg |jlahmgm
thlhr}jtg# itgmj mh gljiamg*thlfg{j thgc mh cg |jlahmgm thlhr}jtg… H|}g| mj| rhtlhrlajoh| rxhmho
thnjt{gt|h ex}xgeho}h &ho rj|a}a~j# ngeacag| mh gc}j oa~hc hmxlg}a~j# herchj aolcx|a~j# |jlahmgm mhmh|}aoj thgceho}h gljihmjtg… j ho ohig}a~j# ngeacag| mh dgkj oa~hc hmxlg}a~j# herchj hvlcxqho}h j
gc}geho}h |hieho}gmj á}oalgeho}h# rjt oglajogcamgm# h}l/# q thlfg{j mh xog |jlahmgm mh mh|}aoj
hvlcxqho}h q*j vhoünjdg!/ J rxhmho ho}tgt ho ljoncal}j# ljo cj| rtjlh|j| mh ma|jogolag ljioa}a~g wxh
hccj |xrjoh# lxgomj cg rtaehtg oj ljaolamh ljo j mh|eaho}h cg |hixomg/ Ho }jmj lg|j# fhej| mh |ht
ljo|laho}h mh cg hva|}holag mh h|}g mjdch hv}htogca{glaüo q mh wxh hc th|xc}gmj mhrhomhtç# }gedaáo# mh
cg –th|acaholag― mh lgmg rht|jog q ngeacag rgtg |hixat ~a~ahomj ljo egqjt j ehojt aomhrhomholag
th|rhl}j mh h|}g| rhtlhrlajoh| q# rjt }go}j# mh cg lgrglamgm mh hcgdjtgt h ao}hitgt rht|jogceho}h xog
ea|eg |a}xglaüo –jdkh}a~g―/
Cj ea|ej jlxttatç ljo cj| rtjlh|j| mh jdkh}a~glaüo h ao|}a}xlajogca{glaüo/ Rxh|}j wxh cj
hv}htogca{gmj h| geda~gcho}h# }ahoh ljo}hoamj| rj|a}a~j| q ljo}hoamj| ohig}a~j|# cj jdkh}a~gmj q cj
ao|}a}xlajogca{gmj }homtç hc ea|ej lgtçl}ht/ Ljo xog manhtholag# gc ehoj|/ Cg hv}htogca{glaüo |h mg
ho hc }htthoj mh cj rht|jogc%aoma~amxgc/ Cg jdkh}a~glaüo# rxh|}j wxh |hrgtg hc ljo}hoamj ~a|adaca{gmj
mh cg| rht|jog| mh cg| wxh mhrhomh# q cg ao|}a}xlajogca{glaüo# rxh|}j wxh h|}gdchlh cg|
ihohtgca{glajoh| ljej rgx}g| mh ljerjt}geaho}j |jlagc# |h mgo gedg| ho hc }htthoj mh cj |jlagc/
Q ho h|}h }htthoj fgq wxh ao}tjmxlat cg aerjt}golag mh cg thcglaüo ho}th cg egqjtåg q cg| eaojtåg|/ Rjt
}go}j# cj| ljerjt}geaho}j| jdkh}a~gmj| |htço geda~gcho}h|# ljo ljo}hoamj| rj|a}a~j| q ohig}a~j|
wxh |h hvrth|go q h|}gdchlho |aexc}çohgeho}h# rhtj wxh |h mgo ho ma|}ao}g rtjrjtlaüo/ Mh egohtg
wxh cj| rj|a}a~j| rxhmho h|}gdchlht|h ljej hvlhrlaüo# mho}tj mh cg eaojtåg# th|rhl}j q g lgx|gmh cj| ljo}hoamj| ohig}a~j| mh cg egqjtåg# wxh h|}g h|}gdchlh ljej rgx}g q thnhtholag |jlagc/ Mh
h|}g njteg |h goxcg cg rj|adacamgm mh ma|jogolag ho}th cj rj|a}a~j q cj ohig}a~j# wxh rxhmho
g|xeat|h ljej hvlhrlaüo q ljej ojteg# th|rhl}a~geho}h# mh egohtg |aexc}çohg/
Mh|mh gwxå# q gc fgdht ao}tjmxlamj cg thcglaüo ho}th cg egqjtåg q cg| eaojtåg| q# mh|mh go}h|# gc
fgdht ao}tjmxlamj cg –aegiho |jlagc―# cg lxh|}aüo mh lgtg g cg |jlagca{glaüo h| lüej |h |aixho
rhtladahomj g |å ea|eg| cg| eaojtåg|# lxçc h| cg gx}jrhtlhrlaüo# ljej rht|jog# ljej ngeacag q
ljej itxrj |jlagc mh –aoeaitgo}h|―# wxh |h ~g g }tgo|ea}at g cg rtüvaeg ihohtglaüo# exlfj| mh
lxqj| eahedtj| fg oglamj ho hc rgå| mh mh|}aoj q oj ho hc mh jtaiho mh |x| rgmth|/ Rjtwxh# ljej
~aej| gttadg# cg jdkh}a~glaüo q cg ao|}a}xlajogca{glaüo oj |ücj |h wxhmgo ho hc çeda}j mh cj –hv}htoj gcg rht|jog―# |aoj wxh cg ljo}hv}xgca{go# cg ljonaixtgo q# mh gciûo ejmj# cchig g lta|}gca{gt ho cg
rtjrag rht|jog ljej egtlj mh rj|adacamgm q ljej rtjqhl}j rht|jogc q ngeacagt# wxh rxhmh j oj |ht
}tgo|ea}amj# }gc lxgc# g cj| q cg| ehojth| mh cg |aixaho}h ihohtglaüo/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 121/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 122/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 771/ / / / / / / / /
H|}j mhdhtåg |ht }hoamj ho lxho}g ho cg| ma|}ao}g| }tgmalajoh|# ho cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch|# ho cg
h|lxhcg q ho cg| ngeacag|/ Rjmhej| ho|h÷gt g cj| fakj| h fakg| cj wxh |jej|# cj wxh ao}ho}gej| |ht#
cj wxh oj| ix|}gtåg cchigt g |ht/ Rhtj oj rjmhej| aerjohtch| cj wxh wxhthej| wxh |hgo/ Cj wxhlgmg rht|jog fgqg mh at |ahomj h| xo rgxcg}aoj mh|lxdtaeaho}j# jtaiaogc h atthrh}adch# wxh mhrhomh
mh jrlajoh| rht|jogch|# wxh gdtho xog| rj|adacamgmh| q lahttgo j}tg|/ Oj fgq njteg mh thhercg{gt
g lgmg rht|jog ljej rtaolargc th|rjo|gdch mh cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh lgmg xoj ~gej| thgca{gomj ho
gwxhc h|lhogtaj &fa|}ütalj# |jlagc# rjcå}alj# ngeacagt…! wxh oj fhej| hchiamj# gc ehoj| fg|}g wxh oj
cj fglhej| rgt}h mh oj|j}tj| j mh oj|j}tg| ea|eg|/ Q |jo h|g| jrlajoh| cg| wxh oj| mj}go mh cg|
lgrglamgmh| wxh gdtho oxh~g| rj|adacamgmh| ho oxh|}tg ~amg q ho cg fa|}jtag/
Ho hc njomj# mhdhej| ljerthomht# ho cg ngeacag q ho cg h|lxhcg# wxh cg }tgo|ea|aüo eç| aerjt}go}h
|h thgca{g –rjt ljo}giaj―# rjtwxh cj wxh }tgo|ea}aej| ehthlh cg rhog# oj |ücj rgtg oj|j}tj|# |aoj
}gedaáo rgtg wxaho cj thladh/ H| hc gnhl}j q cg ho}thig ea|eg &ºoj| g}th~htågej| g fgdcgt# ho |htaj qfjoh|}geho}h# mh ho}thig aoljomalajogc:! g wxaho |h |aho}h }tg}gmj mh njteg exq h|rhlagc# hc
lgxlh rgtg h|g }tgo|ea|aüo# cj wxh fglh rj|adch hc ljo}giaj/ Rhtj oj |h ho}thigo –ljo}hoamj|― wxh
mhdho |ht |gc~gixgtmgmj| ljej xo }h|jtj# rjt aerjt}go}h| wxh h|}j| oj| rxmahtgo rgthlht/ Cj
wxh mhdhej| ho}thigtch| h| g oj|j}tj| q g oj|j}tg| ea|eg|# oxh|}tj gljerg÷geaho}j# oxh|}tg
ljo|}golag q oxh|}tg aoljomalajogcamgm/ Q wxa{ç|# g|å# cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rxhmgo g|aeacgt q fglht
|xqj cj eç| aerjt}go}h mh cj wxh ch| wxhtågej| }tgo|ea}at/
ºWxh mhdho hva|}at cåea}h|…: \ao oaoixog mxmg/ Ncglj ng~jt ch| fgthej| “g hccj| q gc exomj% |a oj
ch| ej|}tgej| gwxhccj| cåea}h| wxh oj mhdho |ht }tg|rg|gmj|# |a oj ch| ej|}tgej| gwxhccj|
eåoaej| wxh |h exh|}tgo ljej ljomalajoh| mh rj|adacamgm mhc rtjlh|j mh ljo|}txllaüo q
mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Rhtj cj| cåea}h| ea|ej| mhdho |ht tg{jogdch|# cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh lgtigej|
|jdth hccj| mhdho |ht gclgo{gdch| q hc gnhl}j oj rxhmh mgt|h rjt |xrxh|}j# |aoj wxh mhdh |ht
ej|}tgmj q njtexcgmj# mhdh |ht –rgcrgdch―/ Rhtj# rgtg wxh }jmj hccj |hg rj|adch# cj| eahedtj| mh
cg ngeacag q cj| mjlho}h| mhdho }hoht cg lgcamgm fxegog# cg egmxth{ rht|jogc q cg ao}hitglaüo ~a}gc
mh cg| wxh mhrhomh cg rj|adacamgm ea|eg mh cjitgt hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh cj| q cg| ehojth|/
ºLxçc h| cg thcglaüo thgc mh cj| rgmth| q egmth| ljo cj| fakj| h fakg|: ºLxçc h| cg thcglaüo thgc mh cj|
q cg| mjlho}h| ljo cj| lfalj| q lfalg| g |x lgtij: Mh oxh~j# fhej| mh gnategt wxh oj rjmhej|
}tgo|ea}at cj wxh oj |jej| q wxh fgdthej| mh thljttht hc lgeaoj mh at |ahomj &njteglaüo#
egmxtglaüo# lgcamgm fxegog…! gwxhccj wxh wxhtgej| cchigt g }tgo|ea}at…
Rjt }go}j# fgdthej| mh ho}tgt ho cg dajitgnåg mh lgmg gmxc}j mh cg ngeacag q mh lgmg mjlho}h# ho |x|
jrlajoh| q rtajtamgmh|# ho cj| rtjlh|j| hva|}holagch| wxh ~g ~a~ahomj h ao}hitgomj ho |x rht|jog q#
rjt cj }go}j# ho oxh|}tj| rtjraj| rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh# egmxtglaüo# lthlaeaho}j h ao}hitglaüo
rht|jogc/ H|}j h| aerth|laomadch# rhtj fhej| mh ho}homht# gmheç|# wxh oj fgq mh}hteaoa|ej| ho
xoj x j}tj |ho}amj# wxh hc th|xc}gmj naogc mh }jmj| cj| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo oj mhrhomh |ücj
mh cj| rgmth| q egmth| oa mh cj| mjlho}h| &naixtg 7!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 123/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/742/ / / / / / / / /
Nai/ 7
Ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo mhc th|xc}gmj mh cg |jlagca{glaüo
Nxho}h; hcgdjtglaüo rtjrag
Gmheç| mh h|}g| mj| ao|}a}xlajoh|# cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg# cg |jlagca{glaüo q |x| ljo}hoamj|# g|å ljej hc th|xc}gmj wxh |h rxhmg mhta~gt mh hccj|# mhrhomho mh cg ljoncxholag# |xrhtrj|alaüo q
th}tjgcaeho}glaüo ho}th xog |htah mh rtjlh|j| rht|jogch| q |jlagch|/ Ho cg naixtg 7 cj| fhej|
gitxrgmj rgtg fglht eç| ljertho|adch# mh oxh~j# cg hvrcalglaüo/ Rhtj g rjlj wxh |h rtjnxomalh#
h| nçlac ljertjdgt wxh cg ma|}aolaüo ho}th xoj| q j}tj| rtjlh|j|# |x lgcanalglaüo ljej –rht|jogch|―
j –|jlagch|―# rxhmh th|xc}gt gt}analagc q rjlj gmhlxgmg ljo cg thgcamgm/ Cg tg{üo h| |holaccg; rht|jog
q |jlahmgm oj |jo |hrgtgdch|/ Cj| rtjlh|j| rht|jogch| |h mgo ho xog |jlahmgm ljolth}g q ljo
lgtgl}htå|}alg| h|rhlånalg|0 q cj| rtjlh|j| |jlagch| gnhl}go g# |h hvrth|go g }tg~á| mh q |h rjoho
mh egoanah|}j ho cg| rht|jog| ljolth}g|/
Rjt }go}j# q ljo naoh| ehtgeho}h hvrcalg}a~j|# rjmtågej| mhlat wxh hc th|xc}gmj mh cg |jlagca{glaüo~g g mhrhomht mh xog |htah mh rtjlh|j| |jlagch| wxh }ahoho wxh ~ht ljo cg egqjt j ehojt lhtlgoåg
g cg| rht|jog|; |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q h|lxhcg| ljolth}g|0 hc ho}jtoj |jlajhljoüealj mh cg ngeacag0
RTJLH\J\ RHT\JOGCH\
G L ] A ^ A M G M C G D J T G C
R G T ]
A L A R G L A Ü O H O J T I G O A [ G L A J O H \
H \ ] X M A J \ T H G C A [ G M J \
T H N H T H O ] H \ R H T \ J O G C H \
G E A I J \ H C H I A M J \
R H T \ J O G C A M G M Q J R L A J O H \ M H C J \ F A K J \ * G \
R H T \ J O
G C A M G M Q J R L A J O H \ M H C J \ R G M T H \
TH\XC]GMJ MH CG \JLAGCA[GLAÜO
EJEHO]J FA\]ÜTALJ
EGTLJ CHIA\CG]A^J%OJTEG]A^J
EGTLJ LXC]XTGC Q*J CAOIÓÅ\]ALJ
EHMAJ\ MH LJEXOALGLAÜO Q*J GLLH\J G CG AONJTEGLAÜO
\A\]HEG HMXLG]A^J Q H\LXHCG
HO]JTOJ \JLAJHLJOÜEALJ MH CG NGEACAG
R T J L H \ J \ \ J L A G
C H \
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 124/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 125/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 126/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 74</ / / / / / / / /
rtjlh|j eaitg}jtaj/ Q h|g ma~ht|amgm mh fjta{jo}h| lxc}xtgch| |h rth|ho}g &g ehoxmj }gedaáo ho cg
h|lxhcg ho }go}j wxh ljo}hv}j ao|}a}xlajogc wxh thrth|ho}g g cg |jlahmgm! ljej xog thgcamgm
khtgtwxa{gmg &oj }jmg| cg| jrlajoh| –~gcho cj ea|ej― oa grgthlho ljej hwxa~gcho}h| ho maioamgm!# h
aolcx|j ljej nxho}h mh ljo}tgmallajoh| &cg| jrlajoh| lxc}xtgch| aercalgo mhla|ajoh| ~a}gch|aoljerg}adch| ho}th |å# }go}j g oa~hc aoma~amxgc ljej |jlagc! q mh ljoncal}j| &g|xeat xog| rgx}g|
lxc}xtgch| aercalg ho}tgt ho ljca|aüo ljo cj| wxh g|xeho j}tg|!/ Aolcx|j h| rj|adch wxh ho h|h fjta{jo}h
cg lxc}xtg mh exlfj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj| |h holxho}th gx|ho}h j –mh|grgthlamg―# ljo cj wxh |x th%
ljojlaeaho}j oj njteg rgt}h mh cg hvrhtaholag hmxlg}a~g mh cj| wxh |å cg ~a~ho ho |x| fjigth|/ Hc
mh|holxho}tj# cg ohiglaüo mh cg maioamgm# cg mh|grgtalaüo# gl}ûgo ho}jolh| ljej dgtthtg| aerj|adch|
mh |gc~gt rjt rgt}h mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| wxh |h ~ho ho cg latlxo|}golag mh mhlamat |a ego}ahoho |x|
tgålh|# egtiaoçomj|h mh cg maoçealg wxh cg ao|}a}xlaüo hmxlg}a~g ch| jnthlh# j g|xeho xo ejmhcj fg|}g
ho}jolh| gkhoj q wxh ch| rxhmh ljo~ht}at ho hv}tg÷j| g |x itxrj mh thnhtholag q gnhl}j|/ Xog| dgtthtg|
wxh |ücj |h rxhmho gntjo}gt }homahomj rxho}h| mh|mh cg ao|}a}xlaüo hmxlg}a~g# wxh fg mh ljo~ht}at|h
ho xo h|rglaj mh ehmaglaüo# dx|lgomj cg ljercalamgm mh cg| ngeacag| q itxrj| ljexoa}gtaj| rgtgnglaca}gt hc mh|gttjccj mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|/
Rgtg fglht ntho}h g }gch| |a}xglajoh|# manalxc}gmh| q rj|adacamgmh|# cg h|lxhcg fg mh th|rjomht g mj|
itgomh| th}j|# ho cj| wxh |h ~g g holjo}tgt ljo cg| ngeacag| mh |x| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|; ho rtaeht
cxigt# gercagt cg hvrhtaholag mhc –oj|j}tj|―# ihohtgomj ~åolxcj| eç| gccç mh cg| manhtholag|0 q# ho
|hixomj cxigt# rj|adaca}gt hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm mh|mh cg wxh cj| aoma~amxj| q cj|
itxrj| mgej| |ho}amj g oxh|}tg ~amg/ Gedg| lxh|}ajoh| fgo mh |ht cj| rxo}gch| mhc rtjlh|j mh
|jlagca{glaüo h|ljcgt ho xog |jlahmgm rcxtgc# wxh rth}homg |ht lgmg ~h{ eç| aolcx|a~g# mh ejmj
wxh aixgcmgm q ma~ht|amgm grgth{lgo ljej mj| lgtg| mh cg ea|eg ejohmg# q oj ljej mj|
gc}htog}a~g| ho}th cg| wxh fgq wxh hchiat/
Rjt cj wxh |h thnahth g cg rtaehtg lxh|}aüo# cg h|lxhcg rxhmh gl}xgt gercagomj cj| ~åolxcj| thcglajogch|
ho}th cj| aoma~amxj| q |x| itxrj| mh rht}hoholag# ihohtgomj h|rglaj| mh holxho}tj q ljjrhtglaüo ho
}jtoj gc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| q cg| ohlh|amgmh| wxh mh á|}h rtjlh|j |h mhta~go#
aercalgomj g ngeacag|# itxrj| q ho}amgmh| mhc ljo}hv}j ho thmh| j rtjqhl}j| ljcgdjtg}a~j| ho hc egtlj
mh cj| lxçch| &th!ljojlht|h mh|mh cg manhtholag q ho cg aercalglaüo ho }gthg| ljexoh|/ Ho h|h |ho}amj#
|h }tg}g mh }hkht thcglajoh| mh thlartjlamgm/ Rjt xo cgmj# cg h|lxhcg ohlh|a}g gqxmg mh cg| ngeacag| rgtg
ljerthomht# thljojlht q ~a|adaca{gt gmhlxgmgeho}h cg| thnhtholag| lxc}xtgch| wxh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|
~a~ho ho |x ljo}hv}j eç| rtüvaej# q wxh ljo|}a}xqho xog tgå{ wxh ch| xoh g |x itxrj# |x rgå|# |xfa|}jtag… Aixgceho}h h| exq aerjt}go}h cg ljertho|aüo mh cj| rtjqhl}j| eaitg}jtaj| mh cg| ngeacag|#
ho |x ljerchkamgm# ma~ht|amgm q nchvadacamgm# rgtg wxh cg h|lxhcg th|rjomg gmhlxgmgeho}h g cg|
ohlh|amgmh| mh mh|gttjccj mh cj| ehojth|# ego}hoahomj hc ljo}gl}j ljo |x| ljo}hv}j| q lxc}xtg| mh
jtaiho q ljergt}ahomj cg rthjlxrglaüo rjt }gch| ljo}hv}j| ljej rgt}h mh |x| h|rglaj| ~a}gch| q
thnhtholag| lj}amagog|# gûo ho cg ma|}golag/
Q# g |x ~h{# cg| ngeacag| ohlh|a}go mhc grjqj mh cg h|lxhcg rgtg rjmht g|xeat ljokxo}geho}h hc
rtjlh|j mh jtaho}glaüo hmxlg}a~g wxh thwxahth cg |jlagca{glaüo mh cj| ehojth| ho cg| gl}xgch|
ljomalajoh|# }gc ljej fhej| hvrxh|}j ho go}htajth| grgt}gmj|/ Xo rtjlh|j rgtg hc wxh cg h|lxhcg
rxhmh jnthlht xog ixåg go}h cj| lgedaj|# jrlajoh| j thwxhtaeaho}j| wxh oj |h ~hgo lcgtj|# rxhmhjnthlht ejmhcj| mh thcglaüo ljo cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g|# }go}j g }tg~á| mh cj| egh|}tj| q egh|}tg|# ljej
ehmago}h hc holxho}tj ljo j}tg| ngeacag| &aoeaitgo}h| j oj!# g|å ljej gljerg÷geaho}j rgtg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 127/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 128/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 748/ / / / / / / / /
cg aoncxholag thlårtjlg ljo j}tg| lxc}xtg|/ \a daho h| laht}j wxh cg g|aeh}tåg ho hc gllh|j g cj|
thlxt|j| mh }tgo|ea|aüo lxc}xtgc oj nglaca}g h|}h rtjlh|j# |aoj wxh rjoh ho egoj| mh cg lxc}xtg
mjeaogo}h xo rjmht mh aoncxholag |jlagc exlfj egqjt/ Mh gfå wxh cg jrlaüo mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j
rjt thgca{gt xo h|nxht{j rjt gdtat|h g cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag| q rj|adaca}gt |x ~a|adacamgm |jlagc# hoh|rhlagc ho hc ejeho}j ho wxh |h h|}ç njtegomj cg amho}amgm |jlagc mh oa÷j| q oa÷g|# |hg
h|rhlagceho}h thch~go}h# ljej ~gej| g ljeho}gt g ljo}aoxglaüo/
Rjtwxh h|h h| hc rcgo}hgeaho}j dç|alj mhc |hixomj th}j |h÷gcgmj# q wxh aercalg gdtat hc lxttålxcxe
g cg| thgcamgmh| eaojta}gtag|# ho xo laht}j hkhtlalaj mh –ma|ltaeaoglaüo rj|a}a~g― wxh má lgt}g mh
laxmgmgoåg ho cg h|lxhcg g cg ma~ht|amgm wxh qg mh fhlfj h|}ç rth|ho}h ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# wxh
qg njteg rgt}h mh oxh|}tg |jlahmgm/ \h }tg}g mh rcgo}hgt ho cg h|lxhcg cg ohlh|amgm mh ljergt}at q
&th!ljojlht cj| |aioanalgmj| q rgx}g| lxc}xtgch| mh|mh cj| wxh cj| manhtho}h| itxrj| wxh ljo~a~aej|
ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm mgej| |ho}amj q gt}alxcgej| oxh|}tg ~amg/ Oxh|}tg amho}amgm |jlagc h|}ç
mathl}geho}h ~aolxcgmg g h|g| rgx}g|# g cg ~h{ wxh rthla|g golcgt|h ho xog hvrhtaholag mhrcxtgcamgm ho cg ljo~a~holag# wxh fg mh |ht xog mh cg| rtaolargch| grjt}glajoh| mh cg |jlagca{glaüo
h|ljcgt# ljej qg fhej| malfj gc ljeho}gt hc rtaehtj mh cj| mj| th}j|/
Rgtg h|}j fgdtåg wxh gmgr}gt cj| lxttålxcj| q cj| eg}htagch| lxttalxcgth| g cg ma~ht|amgm qg hva|}ho}h ho cg|
gxcg| q ho cj| ho}jtoj| h|ljcgth|# mgomj ~j{ q fglahomj ~a|adch| g cg| lxc}xtg| |acholagmg|# ej|}tgomj
xog thgcamgm |jlagc eç| rcxtgc q talg mh cj wxh rth}homh hc ejmhcj lxc}xtgc mjeaogo}h# gl}xgomj ho
ljo|jogolag ljo cj| jdkh}a~j| mh mh|gttjccj rht|jogc q hc th|rh}j mh cg ljo~a~holag wxh mhdh ixagt cg
gllaüo mh oxh|}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/ G|å# |h rjmtåg ao}tjmxlat thnhtholag| rtjrag| mh cg| lxc}xtg|
eaojta}gtag| rth|ho}h| ho hc ljo}hv}j mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j# }go}j ho cj wxh |h thnahth g cg| lxh|}ajoh|
~aolxcgmg| g |x gt}h# |x ca}htg}xtg# |x eû|alg# |x fa|}jtag# |x| lthholag|# }tgmalajoh| q rht|jogcamgmh| mh
thnhtholag# ljej rjt cj wxh |h thnahth g cg| lxh|}ajoh| eç| lj}amagog|# |x| ejmj| mh jtigoa{glaüo |jlagc
j ngeacagt# |x| rtçl}alg| mh jlaj# lj|}xedth|# h}l/ thljojlahomj }gch| grjt}glajoh|# |ao aontg~gcjtgtcg|
mh|mh ~a|ajoh| h}ojláo}talg|/ \jdth }jmj# h| thch~go}h wxh cg h|lxhcg |hg thlhr}a~g g cg| manhtho}h|
ogttglajoh| j ljo|}txllajoh| |aedücalg| q gnhl}a~g| mh|mh cg| wxh# ho cj| ljo}hv}j| ngeacagth|# cj| oa÷j|
q oa÷g| ~go grthomahomj g mgt |ho}amj gc exomj wxh ch| tjmhg q ~go mh|gttjccgomj njteg| mh |ho|adacamgm
go}h cg thgcamgm/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# |h }tg}g mh wxh hc ljojlaeaho}j mhc ehmaj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h mh|mh cg
h|lxhcg th|rjomg g cg ma~ht|amgm thgc wxh |h holxho}tg ho h|h ehmaj/
G h|}h th|rhl}j# h| nxomgeho}gc wxh cg ao}tjmxllaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag||h fgig g }tg~á| mh maoçealg| ho wxh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| %}gedaáo cj| mh jtaiho gx}ül}joj% |h
exh|}tho ljej manhtho}h| q ljergt}go ljo cj| mheç| cj| hcheho}j| |aioanalg}a~j| mh |x lxc}xtg#
mh ejmj wxh cg ma~ht|amgm |h h~amholah ljej gcij ljo|}a}x}a~j mh oxh|}tg “mh }jmj|% |jlahmgm q
oj ljej gcij thnhtamj g –cj| j}tj|―/
H~amho}heho}h# h|}h th}j |ücj h| rj|adch |a |h lxho}g ljo cg| thmh| ho cg| wxh h|g| lxc}xtg| |h
fglho rth|ho}h|# q wxh# }gc ljej qg fhej| ljeho}gmj# ho cg ehmamg ho wxh cg h|lxhcg |h
ljonaixth ljej xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj# rxhmho grjt}gt |x hvrhtaholag g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh h|}h
lxttålxcxe ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Hc th}j thwxahth hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg| |ho|adch| go}h h|g ma~ht|amgm q
wxh# gxowxh oj ljoj{lgo g njomj cg| manhtho}h| lxc}xtg| mhc ho}jtoj# |hgo lgrglh| mh maogea{gtcj| rtjlh|j| mh holxho}tj mh cj| wxh qg fhej| fgdcgmj# q mh thljiht g|å cg ~j{ mh cj| eahedtj|
mh cg| eaojtåg|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 129/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/74>/ / / / / / / / /
Gmheç|# h|}g grht}xtg mhc lxttålxcxe mhdhtåg |aherth at gljerg÷gmg mh cg ohlh|amgm mh ao}tjmxlat
maoçealg| hmxlg}a~g| mh chl}xtg ltå}alg mh cg thgcamgm/ Hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg maioamgm mh }jmg| cg|
rht|jog|# mh }jmj| cj| rxhdcj| q mh }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| oj hvlcxqh# ho gd|jcx}j# cg ltå}alg g gwxhccg|
rtçl}alg| “rth|ho}h| ho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg|# }gedaáo ho cg egqjta}gtag% wxh aercalgo hc |jeh}aeaho}jmh xog| rht|jog| g j}tg|# ho nxolaüo mh |x rj|alaüo |jlagc j mh mh}hteaogmg| rgt}alxcgtamgmh|
&|jlagch|# á}oalg|# mh iáohtj…!# rtj~jlgomj q ego}hoahomj |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm q
~ajcholag# }go}j nå|alg ljej |aedücalg/
H|g thnchvaüo ltå}alg# gmheç|# mhdhtåg gdjtmgt hc ejmj ho wxh hc thrgt}j g|aeá}talj mhc rjmht
rtj~jlg xog khtgtwxa{glaüo mh cg| manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|# ho nxolaüo mh |x lhtlgoåg g cg lxc}xtg
mjeaogo}h# ihohtgomj ljomalajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm wxh gl}ûgo ljej dgtthtg| rgtg cg|
jrjt}xoamgmh| mh cj| laxmgmgoj| wxh rgt}alargo mh cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag|# ego}hoaáomj|h mh
h|}h ejmj cg| ljomalajoh| wxh rhtea}ho wxh |h thrtjmx{lg h|h thrgt}j mhc rjmht/ Xog
thrtjmxllaüo wxh mhta~g# g ehoxmj# ho cg |aercanalglaüo ljo wxh |h mhnaoh g cg| eaojtåg|# ho dg|h gh|}hthj}arj| wxh glgdgo rjt mh}hteaogt oxh|}tg ~a|aüo mh –cj| manhtho}h|― q mh cg| thcglajoh| ho}th
–hccj|― q –oj|j}tj|―# wxh# }gc ljej qg hvrx|aej| ho grgt}gmj| go}htajth|# glgdgo rjt aerjoht|h
ljej thgcamgmh| –jdkh}a~g|― wxh chia}aego cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm q mjeaoglaüo |jlagc
ljej gcij og}xtgc j cüialj/ Rgtg gntjo}gt h|}j oj| rgthlh h|holagc hc rgrhc }tgo|njtegmjt mh xog
h|lxhcg wxh rj|adaca}h hc mh|gttjccj mh rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo ho dg|h g hvrhtaholag| mh
holxho}tj# ~a|adaca{gomj cg ma~ht|amgm# thljojlahomj g cg| rht|jog| ljo |x| rgt}alxcgtamgmh| q
ljexoamgmh|# q ng~jthlahomj cg |xrhtglaüo &cg mh%ljo|}txllaüo! mh h|g| ~a|ajoh| rgt}alxcgta|}g|
wxh |h oj| rth|ho}go ljej mh –|ho}amj ljeûo―# rhtj wxh hoeg|lgtgo ao}hth|h| itxrgch|
~aolxcgmj| g cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoglaüo mh xoj| itxrj| |jdth j}tj|/
Ho mhnaoa}a~g# ljo|amhtgej| wxh ho cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog |jlahmgm eç| aolcx|a~g h| nxomgeho}gc
wxh cg h|lxhcg# ho }go}j wxh ao|}a}xlaüo |jlagc# q cg| ljexoamgmh| lxc}xtgch| “egqjta}gtag| j
eaojta}gtag|%# g }tg~á| mh cg| ngeacag| mh cj| oa÷j| q cg| oa÷g|# gdjtmho ljokxo}geho}h# mh|mh hc
thljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# xog }gthg hmxlg}a~g wxh fg mh ~aolxcgt ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm g cg|
rht|jog| wxh ljo~a~ho q mgo |ho}amj g cg thgcamgm mh|mh lxc}xtg| manhtho}h|# q wxh fgdtço mh }hkht#
mh|mh h|g }gthg ljergt}amg# cg| lcg~h| wxh fgigo rj|adch h|g ljo~a~holag/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 130/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 749/ / / / / / / / /
Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg|
%% Grgtalaj# T/# q ]jtoj|# G/ &422=!/ Cg| thmh| |jlagch| mh cj| hv}tgokhtj| ho H|rg÷g/ Xo h|}xmaj
|jdth hc }htthoj/ Egmtam# Eaoa|}htaj mh ]tgdgkj q G|xo}j| \jlagch|/ R/ 42/%% Dhtiht# Rh}ht C/# q Cxl`egoo# ]fjeg| &4226!/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo |jlagc mh cg thgcamgm / Dxhoj|
Gath|# 4226/
%% Dh|gcû# Vg~aht# q Cürh{# Dhij÷g &4277!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q laxmgmgoåg; Thm mh H|lxhcg|
Ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Egmtam/ Yjc}ht| @cxyht/
%% Igtlåg# Kj|á Go}joaj# q Ijhohlfhg# Lta|}aog &4221!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Goçca|a| mh cg
|a}xglaüo q rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg/ Egmtam/ Yjc}ht| @cxyht/
%% @tjiht# K q Egtlag# K/ &4277!/ ]fh amho}a}q |}g}x|h|; Jtaiao|# ehgoaoi| gom ao}htrth}g}ajo|# ho
\lfygt}{# \/K/ Fgomdjj` jn Amho}a}q ]fhjtq gom Th|hgtlf/ \rtaoiht \laholh+Dx|aoh|| Ehmag/
%% Ehchtj ^gcmá|# Cxa|g &Ljjtm/! &4272!/ Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh
ao}ht~holaüo r|alj|jlagc ljo rht|jog| eaitgo}h|# Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg# gcholag# r/ 68%12/%% Rgcglaj|# Kh|û|0 Egtlfh|a# Çc~gtj# q Ljcc# Lá|gt &Ljer|/! &7114!/ Mh|gttjccj r|aljcüialj q
hmxlglaüo# A/ R|aljcjiåg H~jcx}a~g/ Egmtam/ Gcago{g/
%% Rgcglaj|# Kh|û|# Egtlfh|a# Çc~gtj# q Ljcc# Lá|gt &Ljer|/! &7114!/ Mh|gttjccj r|aljcüialj q
hmxlglaüo# AA/ R|aljcjiåg mh cg hmxlglaüo/ Egmtam/ Gcago{g/
%% Rawxhtg|# G/# Kaeáoh{# O/# q \j}j# I/ &4229!/ Ehma}httâoag Eaitgo} AA/ A Kjtogmh| EHMAEAITG/
Lg|}hccüo# Xoa~ht|a}g} Kgxeh A/
%% Tjmtaij# Egtåg Kh|û|# q Rgcglaj|# Kh|û| &4272!/ Ngeacag q mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Egmtam# Gcago{g/
%% [glgtá|# K/K/ h Adjttg# G &422># Egt{j!; ºH| rj|adch cg jr}aea{glaüo mhc mh|gttjccj mh cg amho}amgm
ho cg gmjch|lholag: Ao}ht~holajoh| eç| gccç mhc gx}jljolhr}j/ Ho Lxc}xtg q Hmxlglaüo# ^jc/ 76#
O» 7# rr/ <7%=>/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 131/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/746/ / / / / / / / /
HC RTJNH\JTGMJ
GO]H
CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC/
LGRÅ]XCJ>
Tgûc ]çttgig# Kjgo G/ Grgta|a 48
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 132/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 133/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<2/ / / / / / / / /
Ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| fgo rtjcanhtgmj cg| ao~h|}aiglajoh| holgeaogmg| g amho}analgt q mh|ltadat cg
gl}a}xm mhc rtjnh|jtgmj fglag cj| h|}xmago}h| mh lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag|/ Rh|h g wxh cg egqjtåg mh
hccj| fgo herchgmj }áloalg| ljej lxh|}ajogtaj|# gx}jaonjteh| q ho}th~a|}g|# ao|}txeho}j| lxqg~gcamh{ mhdh |ht eg}a{gmg rjt cg aoncxholag mhc |h|ij mh mh|hgdacamgm |jlagc &cj| rtjnh|jth| |xhcho
th|rjomht aoncxamj| rjt |x ljojlaeaho}j mh wxh hva|}ho th|rxh|}g| |jlagceho}h mh|hgdch|!#
hva|}ho gcixoj| th|xc}gmj| ao}hth|go}h| mh }tgdgkj| mh|gttjccgmj| ho H|rg÷g ho wxh |h th}tg}go
gl}a}xmh| ohig}a~g| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj j mh cj| h|}xmago}h| rgtg rtjnh|jth| fglag cg rth|holag ho cg|
h|lxhcg| mh gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h j mh lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag|/
Jt}a{ &4226!# thgca{ü xo h|}xmaj lxgca}g}a~j ho hc wxh |h rtjrx|j mh|ltadat cg rhtlhrlaüo mhc
rtjnh|jtgmj fglag hc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ho ~gtaj| lho}tj| mh cg rtj~aolag mh Gcehtåg ljo xo gc}j
rjtlho}gkh mh gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h/ Cj| th|xc}gmj| mhc h|}xmaj |jo rjlj h|rhtgo{gmjth|# qg wxh
mh hccj| |h mhmxlh wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj rhtladh cg aoeaitglaüo ljej xo –rtjdcheg hmxlg}a~j―# }gc qljej exh|}tgo mj| mh cg| ljolcx|ajoh| mhc }tgdgkj;
%% Cj| rtjnh|jth| mh h|}j| lho}tj| gnatego wxh cg cchigmg mh h|}xmago}h| aoeaitgo}h|
|xrjoh rgtg hccj| –eç| }tgdgkj q h|nxht{j―# –rthjlxrglaüo# ntx|}tglaüo q goix|}ag―# j
mathl}geho}h –xo rtjdcheg―/
%% Cj| rtjnh|jth| gnatego aixgceho}h wxh cg cchigmg mh h|}xmago}h| aoeaitgo}h| |xrjoh rgtg hc
th|}j mhc gcxeogmj –xog thmxllaüo ho cg g}holaüo wxh |h rth|}g gc gcxeogmj gx}ül}joj―#
–xo mh|lho|j mh |x thomaeaho}j―# j –xog tgcho}a{glaüo j xo th}tg|j ho |x }tgdgkj―/
Rjt |x rgt}h# Jt}hig q Eåoixh{# &7117!# gogca{gtjo ehmago}h hc x|j mh holxh|}g| cg| gl}a}xmh| fglag
hc fhlfj exc}alxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| ho h|}xmago}h| mh egia|}htaj mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm mh Extlag/
Cj| th|xc}gmj| mh |x h|}xmaj |xiahtho gcixoj| mg}j| dg|}go}h mh|h|rhtgo{gmjth|;
%% Gxowxh hc 8=#=( mh cj| holxh|}gmj| ej|}tü xog gl}a}xm rj|a}a~g fglag hc fhlfj
exc}alxc}xtgc# xo <>#4( mhlcgtü wxh h| acx|jtaj ljo|hixat xog ljo~a~holag rglånalg
dg|gmg ho hc th|rh}j g }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| hva|}ho}h| ho hc H|}gmj/
%% Xo =2( mh cj| nx}xtj| hmxlgmjth| holxh|}gmj| gnategtjo wxh cg rtjejlaüo mh
g|rhl}j| manhtholagmjth|%|aoixcgth| mh xog ljexoamgm# ljej h| cg choixg rtjrag#
ljo}tadxqh g cg mh|ao}hitglaüo mhc H|}gmj/%% Hc 6>#>( ljo|amhtg xo cxkj aoohlh|gtaj q xo ig|}j |xrhtncxj cg rtjejlaüo mh cg|
}tgmalajoh|# lj|}xedth| q njc`cjth mh cj| gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj|/
Ho xo }tgdgkj eç| thlaho}h# Dgtwxåo# Gc{jcg# Egmaogdha}ag q Xtå{gt &4272!# x}aca{gtjo hc eá}jmj mh cg|
ogttglajoh| gx}jdajitçnalg| rgtg gogca{gt hc rho|geaho}j mhc gcxeogmj mh egia|}htaj |jdth cg
aoeaitglaüo q cj| aoeaitgo}h|/ Cj| th|xc}gmj| mhc h|}xmaj |xiahtho wxh;
%% Rh|h g wxh hva|}h xog itgo ~gtahmgm ho cj| thcg}j| mh cj| h|}xmago}h| mh egia|}htaj# q oj
|h ch| rxhmh ljo|amhtgt xo ljchl}a~j fjejiáohj# exlfj| mh cj| ogttgmjth| egoanah|}go
gl}a}xmh| ohig}a~g| ljo th|rhl}j g cj| aoeaitgo}h| q cg aoeaitglaüo/%% Cj| }hv}j| mh cj| h|}xmago}h| h~amholago g ehoxmj jraoajoh| q gl}a}xmh| ljo}tgrxh|}g|
ho cg| wxh |h thcg}go ljokxo}geho}h dxhog| q egcg| hvrhtaholag|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 134/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 135/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<4/ / / / / / / / /
h|}g| }a}xcglajoh| ho cg| xoa~ht|amgmh| h|rg÷jcg|/ \ao hedgtij# ho cxigt mh h|}g njteglaüo ljeûo#
holjo}tgej| xog itgo ma~ht|amgm ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cg| manhtho}h| xoa~ht|amgmh|# cj wxh
ihohtg xog njteglaüo ma|rgt# q fglh wxh# mhrhomahomj mh ho wxá xoa~ht|amgm |h lxt|h hc itgmj ho
egia|}htaj# |h }hoig eç| j ehoj| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh njtegt|h ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgmlxc}xtgc/
Ho xog th~a|aüo thgca{gmg thlaho}heho}h &\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g# 4277!# |h gogca{gtjo cj| rcgoh| mh
h|}xmaj mh cg| }a}xcglajoh| mh Rhmgijiåg# R|aljrhmgijiåg q Egia|}htaj mh 8< xoa~ht|amgmh|# mh cg|
wxh }go |ücj <8 &hc >>(! jnht}gdgo ho |x| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj gcixog g|aiog}xtg mathl}geho}h
thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# eaho}tg| wxh cg| th|}go}h| 76 xoa~ht|amgmh| oj
jnht}gdgo oaoixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ \h }tg}g rjt }go}j mh xog
|a}xglaüo rjlj fgcgióh÷g rgtg cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Rhtj h|}g |a}xglaüo |h gitg~g eç| }jmg~åg |a cgo{gej| xog eatgmg ljo rht|rhl}a~g }herjtgc# q
jd|ht~gej| wxh cg |a}xglaüo fg ehkjtgmj rjlj ljo hc rg|j mh cj| g÷j|/ Ho xog th~a|aüo mh rcgoh|mh h|}xmaj |aeacgt thgca{gmg fglh qg lg|a xog málgmg &]çttgig# 4224!# |h gogca{gtjo 788 rcgoh| mh
h|}xmaj mh cg| }a}xcglajoh| mh egia|}htaj# hmxlglaüo |jlagc# rhmgijiåg q r|aljrhmgijiåg/ Mh hccj|#
}go |ücj >4 &hc =2(! ljo}hoågo gcixog eg}htag thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# cj wxh oj|
cch~g g rho|gt aoalagceho}h wxh cg |a}xglaüo fg ehkjtgmj ljo hc rg|j mh cj| g÷j|# gxowxh
jd~ageho}h oj cj |xnalaho}h/
Gedg| th~a|ajoh|# gxowxh |hrgtgmg| rjt xog málgmg# }ahoho gcixoj| rxo}j| ho ljeûo q gcixog|
manhtholag| wxh ljo~ahoh gogca{gt;
Cg rth|holag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh
egia|}htaj fg gxeho}gmj ljo hc rg|j mhc }aherj# gxowxh oj cj |xnalaho}h
Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg rjt ]çttgig &4227!# mh cj| 94 rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh Egia|}htaj gogca{gmj|#
|ücj 44 &hc <2#>(! ljo}hoågo gcixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg rjt \jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!# h|}h rjtlho}gkh gxeho}g |ho|adcheho}h# qg
wxh 48 mh cj| <9 rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh marcjeg}xtg gogca{gmj|# &xo >9#>(! ljo}hoågo gc ehoj| xog
g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc0 eaho}tg| wxh ho cj| h|}xmaj| mh itgmj h|}g
rtjrjtlaüo gxeho}gdg fg|}g <6 mh cj| =6 rcgoh| gogca{gmj| &xo 91#7(!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 136/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7<</ / / / / / / / /
]gdcg 7
Rth|holag mh g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh egia|}htaj/
H|}xmaj Rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj Ljo}ahoho gc ehoj| Oj ljo}ahohogogca{gmj| xog g|aiog}xtg oaoixog g|aiog}xtg
]çttgig &4227!/ 94 44 &<2/>(! 82 &>1/=(!
\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/ <9 48 &>9/>(! 74 &<4/=(!
Marcjeg}xtg| q calholag}xtg|
\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/Itgmj| =6 <6 &91/7(! 72 &42/6(!
\ao hedgtij# cj| th|xc}gmj| mhc h|}xmaj mh \jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277! mhdho |ht eg}a{gmj|# qg wxh
cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj gogca{gmj| rtjlhmho mh cg| <8 xoa~ht|amgmh| gogca{gmg| ho |x th~a|aüo wxh
jnht}gdgo gcixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt cj wxh gc hvlcxat }jmj|
cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cg| th|}go}h| 76 xoa~ht|amgmh| wxh oj jnht}gdgo oaoixog g|aiog}xtgthcglajogmg# cj| rjtlho}gkh| mh rth|holag mh g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fgo ~a|}j aoltheho}gmj| mh egohtg gt}analagc/
Rh|h g hccj# h| ao}hth|go}h mh|}glgt lüej cg rth|holag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg gxeho}gmj
ljo hc rg|j mhc }aherj ho cg njteglaüo mh cj| nx}xtj| egh|}tj|/
Cg| eg}htag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |jo
nxomgeho}gceho}h mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j
Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg ho 4227# => mh cg| 8= eg}htag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
gogca{gmg| &hc 68#4(! htgo mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j# eaho}tg| wxh hc th|}j mh g|aiog}xtg| htgo }tjolgch|
x jdcaig}jtag|/
Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg ho 4277# jd|ht~gej| wxh h|}g latlxo|}golag |h thra}h ho cj| rcgoh| mh
h|}xmaj ho hv}aolaüo &calholag}xtg| q marcjeg}xtg|!# mjomh 6= mh cg| 777 g|aiog}xtg| gogca{gmg| &hc
98#9(! |jo g|aiog}xtg| jr}g}a~g|# gxowxh cg |a}xglaüo ehkjtg caihtgeho}h ho cj| oxh~j| rcgoh| mh
h|}xmaj mh itgmj# mjomh <8 mh cg| 98 eg}htag| gogca{gmg| &hc =>#>(! |jo mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j# 4<
|jo g|aiog}xtg| jdcaig}jtag| &hc <2#>(!# q 79 |jo dç|alg| &hc 44#>(!
]gdcg 4
Lgtçl}ht mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
H|}xmaj G|aiog}xtg| Jr}g}a~g| ]tjolgch|# jdcaig}jtag| Cadth hchllaüo
gogca{gmg| j dç|alg|
]çttgig &4227!/ 8= => &68/4(! 6 &7=/67(! %
\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/
Marcjeg}xtg| q calholag}xtg| 77 76= &98/>(! 4< &42/94(! = &</>(!
\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/
Itgmj| 98 <8 &=>/>(! =2 &8</<(! %
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 137/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<=/ / / / / / / / /
Hc fhlfj mh wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fgqg h|}gmj }tgmalajogceho}h rth|ho}h ho cj| rcgoh| mh
h|}xmaj mh egohtg jr}g}a~g# h|ljiamg ~jcxo}gtageho}h rjt gcixoj| h|}xmago}h|# rtj~jlg wxh hc
aergl}j mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg| ho cg rtçl}alg mjlho}h |h thmx{lg# qg wxh cg njteglaüo oj cchig g
}jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h|# |aoj |ücj g gwxhccj| wxh fgo egoanh|}gmj ao}htá| rjt h|}g }heç}alg q fgo}hoamj cg rj|adacamgm mh gllhmht g h|}g| g|aiog}xtg|/
\ao hedgtij# gc aixgc wxh ho hc grgt}gmj go}htajt# rgthlh wxh ljo cg aercgo}glaüo mh cj| oxh~j|
h|}xmaj| mh itgmj h|}g latlxo|}golag h|}ç ehkjtgomj |ho|adcheho}h# qg wxh ho cj| h|}xmaj| mh
itgmj gogca{gmj| cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh lgtçl}ht dç|alj x jdcaig}jtaj |jo |xrhtajth| ho oûehtj g cg|
g|aiog}xtg| jr}g}a~g|/ H|}g latlxo|}golag rgthlh |xihtat xog laht}g ehkjtg ho cg |a}xglaüo mh h|}h
çeda}j mh h|}xmaj mho}tj mh cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj/
Goçca|a| mhc ljo}hoamj mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| gogca{gmg|
\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!# fgo gogca{gmj gmheç| hc ljo}hoamj mh cj| }å}xcj| mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg|
thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# h|}gdchlahomj 9 lg}hijtåg| wxh |h ljtth|rjomho ljo cg
rth|holag mh 9 }áteaoj| lcg~h ho hc }å}xcj mh cg eg}htag; ao}htlxc}xtgc# ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc#
exc}alxc}xtgc# aixgcmgm# iáohtj# aoeaitglaüo h aolcx|aüo/
\a ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh egia|}htaj gogca{gej| cg rth|holag mh h|}j| }áteaoj| ho cj| }å}xcj|
mh cg| g|aiog}xtg|# holjo}tgej| wxh hc }áteaoj –ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc― h| hc eç| herchgmj# qg wxh
grgthlh ho 79 g|aiog}xtg| mh marcjeg}xtg q }gedaáo ho 79 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj#
Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho 1 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/
Hc |aixaho}h }áteaoj eç| x}aca{gmj h| hc }áteaoj –ao}htlxc}xtgc―# wxh grgthlh ho 74 g|aiog}xtg| mh
marcjeg}xtg# ho 6 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho = g|aiog}xtg| mhc
itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/
Naogceho}h# ccgeg cg g}holaüo hc fhlfj mh wxh hc }áteaoj –aolcx|aüo― h|}gdg rth|ho}h }go |ücj ho
xog g|aiog}xtg mh marcjeg}xtg# eaho}tg| wxh grgthlh ho > g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj#
Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho 9 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/ Hccj h|
rtjdgdcheho}h xo thnchkj mhc aerxc|j wxh h|}ç hvrhtaeho}gomj ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| hc ej~aeaho}j
mh cg| h|lxhcg| aolcx|a~g|# ho hc wxh |h gdgomjog cg go}htajt egohtg mh gdjtmgt rjt |hrgtgmj cgg}holaüo g h|}xmago}h| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|# ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh
ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# mh aoljtrjtglaüo }gtmåg gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# |xrhtmj}gmj|# h}l/# q |h
rg|g g xo honjwxh dg|gmj ho cg lthglaüo mh h|lxhcg| thgceho}h aolcx|a~g|# ho wxh }jmj| cj|
h|}xmago}h|# cj| rtjnh|jth|# q cg| ngeacag| }ahoho hc mhthlfj g rht}hohlht g xog ljexoamgm#
aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x rtjlhmholag |jlagc# lxc}xtgc j amhjcüialg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 138/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 139/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 140/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 141/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<6/ / / / / / / / /
<%% Th}j| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|
Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |xrjoh hc mh|gttjccj mh cg hmxlglaüo g}homahomj g cg| manhtholag|
lxc}xtgch|/ Lxgomj fgdcgej| mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# rjmhej| }jegt ho lxho}g cg ma~ht|amgmthcglajogmg ljo cg| ma|}ao}g| lxc}xtg|# gxowxh exlfg| ~hlh| |h ao}tjmxlho ~gtagdch| oxh~g|# ljej
rxhmho |ht cg| manhtholag| caoióå|}alg|# j thcaiaj|g| x j}tg| manhtholag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg|
lgrglamgmh|/ Ljolth}gt cg ma~ht|amgm h| xog rtaehtg hvaiholag q ohlh|gtag lxgomj h|}gej|
fgdcgomj mhc g~golh mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Rgtg wxh |h rtjmx{lg xo
g~golh mho}tj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| mhdhej| }hoht ho lxho}g gcixoj| g|rhl}j| wxh |xrjoho
xo th}j rgtg cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|;
%% Cg ao}tjmxllaüo mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| manhtho}h| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h fg
mh thgca{gt g }tg~á| mh cj| Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| wxh ma|h÷go cj| rtjraj| lho}tj|/ H|}j|
Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| |jo cj| h|rglaj| jtigoa{g}a~j| mjomh |h h|}gdchlho cg nacj|jnåg hamho}amgm mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j# q mjomh |h jtigoa{go cj| h|rglaj| wxh |h ~go g mhmalgt g
cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm q g cg gljiamg gc gcxeogmj mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| j wxh
rtj~ahoho mh j}tj ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc/ H|}gdchlht dxhoj| Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| hvaih xo
}tgdgkj rgtg h|}gdchlht cg ljo~a~holag mh cg ma~ht|amgm# lthgomj h|lxhcg| ljertho|a~g|
h aolcx|a~g|/ Rgtg hccj mhdho njeho}gt|h cg| gmgr}glajoh| lxttalxcgth|# g|å ljej hc
ma|h÷j mh cg| gxcg| ma~ht|analgmg| q ljjrhtg}a~g|/ Ljo|hixat wxh cg ma~ht|amgm |hg hc
rtaolaraj wxh ao|rath cg hmxlglaüo ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h| cg rtaehtg amhg rgtg
gclgo{gt hc maçcjij ho}th cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|/ Lxgomj cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h taiho
rjt cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc |h fglh ohlh|gtaj thgca{gt lgedaj| rgtg gmgr}gt cg| h|}txl}xtg|
jtigoa{g}a~g| &H||jedg# 422>!/
%% Gmgr}gt hc lxttålxcxe g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc hvaih hc goçca|a| mh cg| ma|}ao}g| g|aiog}xtg|
wxh ljonjtego hc lxttålxcxe/ Lxgomj gogca{gej| cj| ljo}hoamj| q }tg}gej| mh gmgr}gtcj|
g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| lxgomj rjmhej| rho|gt wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc herah{g g
}jegt njteg/ Rhtj# oj th|xc}g nçlac# |jdth }jmj rjt cg| rth|ajoh| mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch|
mjeaogo}h|# wxh }heho rhtmht rth|}aiaj q rjmht ho cj| h|rglaj| |jlagch|/ H|}gdchlht xoj|
ljo}hoamj| ihohtgch| wxh fgo mh |ht grthomamj| rjt }jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h| oj |xhch
dhohnalagt g cj| h|}xmago}h| mh eaojtåg| á}oalg| j mh itxrj| lxc}xtgch| oj mjeaogo}h|/ H|}j
h| g|å rjtwxh |aho}ho wxh |x| ljo}hoamj| q |x| thnhtholag| |aedücalg| oj h|}ço rth|ho}h|ho hc h|rglaj rûdcalj mh cg| gxcg|/ H|}g egtiaoglaüo mh ljo}hoamj| |xrjoh xo mxtj ijcrh gc
th|rh}j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh exlfg| rht|jog|/ Ljo|hixat wxh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh
glxmho g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |aho}go |x amho}amgm lxc}xtgc rtj}hiamg h| xo rtaeht rg|j
rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg| lxc}xtg|/ Mh j}tj ejmj# cg g|aeacglaüo lxc}xtgc |h ljo~aht}h ho hc
rgtgmaieg mjeaogo}h &Dh|gcû# 422>!/
%% Cg aegiho mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h| xo g|rhl}j g }hoht ho lxho}g/ Lxgomj |h ho}tg g
xo lho}tj hmxlg}a~j oj| holjo}tgej| ljo aeçihoh|# rü|}ht|# njcch}j|# lxgmtj| q j}tj|
hcheho}j| mhljtg}a~j| wxh oj| mhkgo ho}th~ht cg amhg hmxlg}a~g mhc lho}tj/ Ho h|}g|
aeçihoh| itçnalg| wxhmg th}tg}gmj hc Rtjqhl}j Hmxlg}a~j q cg amhg mh cg ma~ht|amgmlxc}xtgc wxh |h ego}ahoh mho}tj mhc lho}tj/ Lxgomj |h gogca{go }jmj| cj| hcheho}j|
eholajogmj| |h rxhmh ljolcxat wxá }arj mh hmxlglaüo }tgo|ea}h hc lho}tj q |a jr}g rjt cg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 142/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 143/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=2/ / / / / / / / /
}tgdgkgo q mhnaoho cj| ~gcjth| rgtg gclgo{gt |jlahmgmh| eç| th|rh}xj|g| ljo cj| j}tj| q#
rjt }go}j# eç| ao}hitgmjtg| &]jmjtj~# 4226!/
%% Lxgomj h|}gej| fgdcgomj mh cg |jcamgtamgm ljo j}tg| rht|jog| q j}tj| rxhdcj|#h|}gej| }tgdgkgomj eg}htagch| rgtg cg hmxlglaüo q hc mh|gttjccj/ H|}j| eg}htagch| |jo
ohlh|gtaj| ho cg| gxcg|# qg wxh rhtea}ho gercagt cg ~a|aüo wxh |h }ahoh mh j}tj| ljo}hv}j|
q rgå|h|/ Exlfg| ~hlh| h| ohlh|gtaj wxh h|}j| eg}htagch| ho}tho ho gllaüo rgtg mgt
lxho}g mh cg ohlh|amgm mh mh|gttjccgt j}tj| rxhdcj| q j}tg| ljexoamgmh|/ Rgtg hccj#
|ho|adaca{gt g cg| |jlahmgmh| h| xo dxho ljeaho{j# }hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh cj| thlxt|j|
hljoüealj| q eg}htagch| |jo h|lg|j| q wxh h| ohlh|gtaj gqxmgt g j}tj| rxhdcj| ho |x
mh|gttjccj# |jdth }jmj lxgomj cj| ijdahtoj| oj hkhtlho h|}g nxolaüo/
%% Hc rxhdcj ia}goj }gedaáo h|}ç rth|ho}h ho gcixoj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# gxowxh oj mh
egohtg mheg|agmj nthlxho}h/ \aixh |ahomj xo itgo mh|ljojlamj ljej rxhdcj lxc}xtgc q}ahoh aerjt}golag wxh cj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| oj| glhtwxho |x lxc}xtg q |x
rtjdcheç}alg |jlagc/ Mh h|}h ejmj# cj| h|}xmago}h| q hc rtjnh|jtgmj rxhmho }jegt
ljolaholag mh cg ohlh|amgm mh }hoht ho lxho}g h|}h ljchl}a~j q rjmht ho}homht |x rtjrag
amaj|aoltg|ag/ Ljojlht gc j}tj h| hc rtaeht rg|j rgtg rjmht ho}homht# q g|å# rjmht
ljexoalgt|h/ Jnthlht eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| q lxttalxcgth| wxh gercåho cj| ljo}hoamj| q
oj| jnth{lgo mg}j| h aonjteglajoh| |jdth hc rxhdcj ia}goj h| aerjt}go}h/ Hc rxhdcj
ia}goj |h lgtgl}hta{g rjt xog| rtçl}alg| lxc}xtgch| wxh |h manhtholago mh cg |jlahmgm
mjeaogo}h# q hccj rtj~jlg |a}xglajoh| rtjdcheç}alg|# wxh exlfg| ~hlh| th|rjomho gc
mh|ljojlaeaho}j q cg aiojtgolag/ Gclgo{gt ljo h|}j| eg}htagch| xo egqjt ljojlaeaho}j
mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog q mh |x lxc}xtg h| h|holagc rgtg rtjmxlat xo lgedaj ho cg|
thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| &Igehccg q \çolfh{%Extj|# 7116!/
%% Ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg aoeaitglaüo# ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j|# |h fg rtjmxlamj xog hojteh
~gtahmgm lxc}xtgc ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm/ Cg tawxh{g lxc}xtgc fg gxeho}gmj q hccj fg rtj~jlgmj
cg ohlh|amgm mh ljojlht g cj| j}tj| q mh ho}homht cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|/ H|}j fg ng~jthlamj
hc gxeho}j mh cj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| wxh }tgdgkgo cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| gxcg|/ \h
fg gogca{gmj rjtwxá |h rtjmxlho cg| eaitglajoh|# |x| lgx|g| q |x| ljo|hlxholag|#
}hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh h| xo rtjlh|j ljerchkj wxh }ahoh go}hlhmho}h| hljoüealj|# rhtj
}gedaáo |jlagch| q rjcå}alj|/ H|}j |h fg mh|gttjccgmj ho eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# }hoahomj holxho}g wxh cj| eg}htagch| grgthlho ho nxolaüo mh cg| ljexoamgmh| egqjta}gtag|/ G|å# |h fgo
jd|ht~gmj eg}htagch| |jdth cg| ljexoamgmh| mh rgå|h| mhc Egithd# |xd|gfgtagoj| q mh
rgå|h| mhc h|}h mh Hxtjrg# g|å ljej mh rgå|h| cg}aojgehtalgoj|# h|rhlagceho}h mh
Hlxgmjt# mh Ljcjedag q mh Gtiho}aog/ H| aerjt}go}h mh|}glgt wxh cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg|
lxc}xtgch| |jo ma|}ao}g| q hccj ljercalg |x ho}homaeaho}j# rjtwxh lgmg ljexoamgm |h
lgtgl}hta{g rjt xoj| mh}hteaogmj| g|rhl}j|/ Ljo|}txat dxhoj| eg}htagch| ho h|}h çthg#
|xrjoh manhtholagt ho}th eg}htagch| thcglajogmj| ljo hc rtjlh|j mh cg heaitglaüo q mh cg
aoeaitglaüo# q ho}th eg}htagch| wxh h|rhlanalgo q hvrcalgo cj| thnhtho}h| lxc}xtgch| mh xog
ljexoamgm mh}hteaogmg/ Mh lgmg ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc q mh lgmg ljexoamgm |h rxhmho
holjo}tgt eg}htagch|# rhtj h| eç| ljercalgmj lxgomj fgq rjlg| rht|jog| mh xo ljo}hv}jlxc}xtgc manhtho}h j mh xo rgå| rhwxh÷j/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 144/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7=7/ / / / / / / / /
%%Cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j h| aerjt}go}h rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Njt}gchlht cg jtigoa{glaüo# ho h|}h |ho}amj# |xrjoh mh|gttjccgt lho}tj| eç| gdaht}j|# rcxtgch| q
th|rh}xj|j| ljo cg manhtholag q cg ma~ht|amgm/ H| aerjt}go}h gogca{gt cg thgcamgm q ljo|hixat xog
ehkjtg ho cg gt}alxcglaüo mhc lho}tj ljo cg| rht|jog| wxh ljerjoho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/\h rxhmho gogca{gt gcixoj| g|rhl}j| mh cg| jtigoa{glajoh| hmxlg}a~g| wxh }ahoho
aerjt}golag ho hc }heg mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Rjt hkhercj# |jo mh itgo aerjt}golag cg
gljiamg q hc gitxrgeaho}j mh cj| h|}xmago}h|# ljolhmahomj aerjt}golag g |x jtaiho q
}tgdgkgomj rjt cg rchog ao}hitglaüo &]jecao|jo# 4227!/ Aixgceho}h# cg g|aioglaüo mh cj| }x}jth|
kxhig xo rgrhc thch~go}h# qg wxh |h ljo~aht}ho ho hc hoigolfh ho}th cj| h|}xmago}h| q hc th|}j
mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j/ Hc }x}jt }ahoh cg rj|adacamgm mh hkhtlht xo rgrhc mh ao}hitgmjt |jlagc# qg
wxh goaeg g cj| h|}xmago}h| g }jegt rgt}h gl}a~g ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ H|}h rgrhc |h
g|xeh q dhohnalag g cg| rht|jog| wxh ljergt}ho cg| gxcg| q cj| lho}tj|# |ahomj xog h|}aeg
aerjt}go}h rgtg hc gcxeogmj/ J}tj g|rhl}j mh itgo ao}htá| |jo cj| fjtgtaj| mh mhmalglaüo mhc
rtjnh|jtgmj mh grjqj# qg wxh ljo |x }aherj q mhmalglaüo gqxmgo g cj| h|}xmago}h| ho |xrtjlh|j mh ao}hitglaüo q ho |x grthoma{gkh/ Ljo|hixat wxh cj| h|}xmago}h| thljoj{lgo hc
rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jtgmj h| aerjt}go}h q# gmheç|# }tgdgkgo rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj rxhmg jd}hoht
dxhoj| th|xc}gmj| glgmáealj| q |jlagch|/ Ho lxgo}j g cg gqxmg wxh rth|}go gc gcxeogmj#
mh|}glgo cg| gxcg| RG\H &Rtjitgeg mh Gljiamg gc \a|}heg Hmxlg}a~j! q hc RTJG &Rcgo mh
Thnxht{j# Jtaho}glaüo q Grjqj! wxh |h ljo~aht}ho ho thnhtho}h| mhc grthoma{gkh q ho xoj|
thlxt|j| ~gcaj|j| rjt cg lgrglamgm mh ao}hitglaüo wxh jnthlho/ ]jmj h|}h }tgdgkj h| mhla|a~j q
hvaih xog lgrglamgm mh h|nxht{j q mh rcgoanalglaüo rjt rgt}h mhc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Th~a|gt cg|
jtigoa{glajoh| hmxlg}a~g| h| rjt }go}j h|holagc rgtg hc nx}xtj mh cg| rht|jog| wxh glxmho
magtageho}h g cg| gxcg|/
%% Naogceho}h# cg ngeacag h| xo racgt dç|alj ho hc mh|gttjccj q hc grthoma{gkh mh cj|
h|}xmago}h|/ Aercalgt g cg| ngeacag| ho cg ~amg mhc lho}tj h| xo itgo jdkh}a~j hmxlg}a~j wxh
rht|aixho cg egqjtåg mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Lxgomj cg| ngeacag| |h |aho}ho gljiamg|
q rxhmho hvrth|gt |x rtjrag amho}amgm ljo cadht}gm# |h aoalag xo lgeaoj wxh oj }ahoh
~xhc}g/ Ao}tjmxlat|h ho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g h| xo rg|j fglag cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc#
rhtj h|}j hvaih hojteh| h|nxht{j| rjt gedg| rgt}h|/ Cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| q cg| wxh
rht}hohlho g cg| eaojtåg| á}oalg|# g|å ljej cg| ngeacag| mh itxrj| lxc}xtgch| oj
mjeaogo}h|# |h holxho}tgo ho xog |a}xglaüo mh aonhtajtamgm lxc}xtgc q mh aomhnho|aüo/
H|}j |h }tgmxlh ho eahmj| h ao|hixtamgmh| rgtg hc ljo}gl}j ljo hc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Gmheç|# j}tj g|rhl}j wxh aoncxqh h| hc caoióå|}alj# qg wxh mjeaogt hc amajeg h| xog
rxht}g fglag cg ljexoalglaüo/ Ho lgedaj# lxgomj oj |h mjeaog h| j}tj rtjdcheg
g÷gmamj gc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| ojteg| q thicg| mh cg |jlahmgm mh gljiamg/ Mjeaogt
cj| lümaij| x}aca{gmj| ho cg |jlahmgm mh gljiamg hvaih hojteh| h|nxht{j| rht|jogch|# q
oj |aherth |h mjeaogo mh ejmj tçramj/ Ljo|}txat xo ho}homaeaho}j ljo cg| ngeacag| h|
h|holagc rgtg }hoht áva}j ho cg hmxlglaüo# q rgtg hccj fgq wxh lthgt dxhoj| lgogch| mh
rgt}alarglaüo/ Gclgo{gt cg| lj}g| mh dxhog rgt}alarglaüo rxhmh ljeho{gt ljo hc
ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h| ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# q ho cg aercalglaüo mh
cg| ngeacag| q |x| lxc}xtg| ho hc }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j/ Ljo|hixat wxh cg ngeacag rgt}alarh h| xo
rg|j# q rgtg hccj rxhmh |ht mh itgo ao}htá| lthgt H|lxhcg| mh Ngeacag| &j |a |h rthnahthH|lxhcg| mh Egmth| q Rgmth|!# wxh rhtea}go ljojlht cg thgcamgm |jlagc q hmxlg}a~g# g|å
ljej rjmht ho}homht cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh lgmg ngeacag/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 145/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=4/ / / / / / / / /
=%% Rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg
Xog ~h{ gogca{gmg cg |a}xglaüo gl}xgc ho lxgo}j g cj| h|}xmaj| wxh fgo gogca{gmj cg| lthholag| q
gl}a}xmh| mh cj| egh|}tj| q nx}xtj| egh|}tj| fglag cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg|# cgnjteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc rtjnh|jtgmj# q cj| manhtho}h| th}j| wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
rcgo}hg ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# cgo{gej| g ljo}aoxglaüo oxh|}tg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg;
H| ohlh|gtaj rth|}gt eç| g}holaüo g cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg|
gl}a}xmh| q lthholag| fglag cg aoeaitglaüo q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Ho hc rtaeht hråitgnh mh h|}h lgrå}xcj |h fg rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j wxh cg| gl}a}xmh| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj
&q cj wxh h| eç| rthjlxrgo}h# mhc nx}xtj rtjnh|jtgmj!# oj h| }jmj cj rj|a}a~g fglag cg ma~ht|amgm
lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| ljej lgdtåg h|rhtgt/ Rjt hccj ljo|amhtgej| wxh h| aerth|laomadch rth|}gt
cg |xnalaho}h g}holaüo g h|}h g|rhl}j# q herthomht gllajoh| wxh rtjexh~go cg }jeg mh ljolaholagmh h|}g latlxo|}golag# cg thnchvaüo# q cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg ohlh|gtag| rgtg ljo|hixat wxh cg
ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| oj |hg ljo}hercgmg ho oaoiûo lg|j ljej xo rtjdcheg j ljej
xo –}tgdgkj hv}tg― rgtg hc rtjnh|jtgmj# |aoj wxh |h cg ljo|amhth xo hcheho}j hotawxhlhmjt rgtg hc
rtjraj rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/
Rgtg hccj# lthhej| wxh hc thrcgo}hgeaho}j mhc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh cj| lho}tj|# cg ehkjtg mh cg
ljexoalglaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg# q cg rtjejlaüo mh gl}a~amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| holgeaogmg| g ng~jthlht xog
~htmgmhtg ao}hitglaüo &oj g|aeacglaüo! mhc gcxeogmj mh lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag| rxhmho |ht cj| hcheho}j|
wxh egtwxho cg| cåohg| g |hixat rgtg ljo|hixat xog hmxlglaüo thgceho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc/
H| ohlh|gtaj ehkjtgt cg njteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc
çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Ljej |h fg rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j ho hc |hixomj hråitgnh# cg njteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc
rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| jdkh}a~geho}h ao|xnalaho}h# q h| ohlh|gtaj aolcxat
gc ehoj| xog g|aiog}xtg jdcaig}jtag ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cj| nx}xtj| egh|}tj| q rtjnh|jth|/
Rhtj gmheç|# lthhej| wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh hc ljo}hoamj mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg| oj |h caea}h g
g|rhl}j| ehtgeho}h ljolhr}xgch|# j thcglajogmj| ljo ljo}hoamj| }hütalj|/ H| ohlh|gtaj thgca{gtxo h|nxht{j rgtg aoljtrjtgt ho cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo hc lgedaj
mh gl}a}xmh|# ljo cg thnchvaüo |jdth cg rtjrag rtçl}alg# q ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo ho rtjqhl}j| mh
aooj~glaüo hmxlg}a~g q mh ao~h|}aiglaüo%gllaüo# qg wxh rgtg ao}tjmxlat lgedaj| thgceho}h
rhtlhr}adch| ho cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| h| ohlh|gtaj oj |ücj cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q
oxh~g| mh|}th{g| ljioa}a~g|# |aoj }gedaáo cg rj|adacamgm mh rjohtcg| ho rtçl}alg/ G h|}h th|rhl}j#
h| ao}hth|go}h cg rtjrxh|}g mh Kjtmço &7116!# ho cg wxh rtjrjoh xo ejmhcj mh hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc dg|gmj ho }th| }arj| mh h|}tg}hiag|; cg ejmanalglaüo mh gl}a}xmh| g rgt}at mh cg
gx}jljertjdglaüo ~a~holagc# hc grthoma{gkh rjt aoeht|aüo ho lho}tj| exc}alxc}xtgch|# q hc lgedaj
mh cg |hlxholag mhmxl}a~g }tgmalajogc &}hjtåg%eh}jmjcjiåg%grcalglaüo thgc! rjt xo rtjlh|j njteg}a~j
gc}htog}a~j &rtçl}alg%}hjtåg%ao~h|}aiglaüo%gllaüo%thnchvaüo!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 146/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 147/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7==/ / / / / / / / /
hc rtjnh|jtgmj rxhmh }jegt ljolaholag mhc }arj mh lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|# j daho# mhc }arj mh lxc}xtg|
gx|ho}h|/ Ljo|}txat lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| th|rh}xj|j| ljo cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc rgt}h mhc goçca|a| mh
wxá }arj mh grthoma{gkh| |h h|}ço rtjmxlahomj/
Rgtg naogca{gt h|}h lgrå}xcj# |htåg aerjt}go}h rcgo}hgt wxh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc |xrjoh xo h|nxht{j
g thgca{gt rjt rgt}h mh }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Rtaehtj# rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh njtegt|h q
gmgr}gt cg| lthholag| q cg| gl}a}xmh| g cj| oxh~j| }aherj|# q |hixomj rjt cj wxh |xrjoh rgtg hc
grthoma{gkh mh cj| mjlho}h| hontho}gt|h g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Ehkjtgomj cg njteglaüo aoalagej|
xo lgeaoj# rhtj h|}h lgeaoj cch~g grgthkgmj cg }tgo|njteglaüo ao}hitgc mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|#
fglahomj mh hccj| h|rglaj| rgtg hc th|rh}j q ~gcjtglaüo mh cg manhtholag q cg ma~ht|amgm/ Lxgomj
h|}gej| ljo|}txqhomj lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| ljo h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# h|}gej| ljo}tadxqhomj g lthgt
|jlahmgmh| ma|}ao}g|# aolcx|j ehkjth|/ H|}h lgeaoj |xrjoh xo h|nxht{j mh ao}hitgt gc gcxeogmj
ma~ht|j# rhtj h| xo lgeaoj cchoj mh dglfh| q mh jrjt}xoamgmh|/ \a oxh|}tg ~a|aüo h| cchogt cj|
dglfh| q wxh oj |h ~hgo# rhtmhthej| cg jrjt}xoamgm mh ljo|}txat xo oxh~j lgeaoj wxh ehkjth cj|lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# rhtj |jdth }jmj cg| thcglajoh| q cg ljo~a~holag/ G h|}g }gthg fg mh mhmalgt|h hc
rtjnh|jtgmj wxh lthg ho |jlahmgmh| ao}htlxc}xtgch|# q á|}h h| oxh|}tj mh|hj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 148/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 149/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=>/ / / / / / / / /
CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC Q CJ\ THLXT\J\
RGTG CG
LJERH]HOLAG
AO]HTLXC]XTGCHO HMXLGLAÜORTAEGTAG Q
\HLXOMGTAG
LGRÅ]XCJ9
Kj|hr Cgljedg Dç{wxh{4>
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 150/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7=9/ / / / / / / / /
7%% Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc; cg ljo~htiholag ho}th cg go}tjrjcjiåg lxc}xtgc q cg rhmgijiåg
Cj| rgtçeh}tj| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm fgo amj lgedagomj rtjith|a~geho}h mh|mh cj| rj|}xcgmj|}hütalj| mh naogch| cj| g÷j| |h}ho}g q rtaolaraj| mh cj| jlfho}g# lxgomj cj| ejmhcj| }hütalj|
herh{gtjo g mhnaoat|h# rg|gej| ho cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g g xo ejmhcj mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm wxh
rth|xrjoh oj |ücj cg ao}hitglaüo q cg g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g g cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmj# |aoj wxh
aoljtrjtg cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej rgt}h h|holagc mh cg aolcx|a~amgm hmxlg}a~g/
Hc }áteaoj h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g h| nxomgeho}gc ho cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| hmxlg}a~j| ao}htlxc}xtgch|; |a
daho cg aolcx|a~amgm ao}htlxc}xtgc |xtih ho cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g# |x aercgo}glaüo rtjith|a~g
njteg rgt}h mh cj| rtjitgeg| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q ljo hccj| hc mh|}aog}gtaj nxomgeho}gc#
wxh h| cg }j}gcamgm mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# wxh mh h|}g egohtg |h ljo~aht}h ho fhttgeaho}g}tgo|njtegmjtg wxh hoicjdg lxgcwxaht g|rhl}j hmxlg}a~j h aolamh nxomgeho}gceho}h |jdth hc
rtjlh|j mh ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh ho }jmg| |x| maeho|ajoh|/
Mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j mathl}j mh j}tg| lxc}xtg|# |h rj|adaca}ü ho itgo ehmamg cg ljo~htiholag# g
aoalaj| mh cg málgmg mh cj| jlfho}g# ho}th go}tjrjcjiåg q rhmgijiåg wxh lta|}gca{ü ho cj|
rcgo}hgeaho}j| nxomglajogch| mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh }tg|cgmü g cg| gxcg| cg rj|adacamgm
mh ljo|hixat xog }tgo|nhtholag ao}htlxc}xtgc h|}txl}xtgmg q dg|gmg ho rcgo}hgeaho}j| ao}hitgmjth|/
Cg málgmg mh cj| jlfho}g rth|ho}g xog lgtgl}htå|}alg rtjrag ljo cg attxrlaüo mh ejmhcj|
ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j/ G cj cgtij mh cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g# hc nhoüehoj mh cg
aoeaitglaüo |xrjoh xo thrcgo}hgeaho}j mh cj| ejmhcj| fg|}g ho}jolh| ~aiho}h| q xog
thh|}txl}xtglaüo mh cj| ea|ej|/ Qg ho hc |aicj VVA# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm thrcgo}hg cj| ejmhcj| mh
Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q thnjtexcg |x| rcgo}hgeaho}j|# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mhc |aicj VVA/
Ho mhnaoa}a~g# hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| aerth|laomadch rgtg xog Hmxlglaüo
Ao}htlxc}xtgc ao}hitgc# qg wxh oj rjmhej| ~gcjtgt gwxhccj wxh mh|ljojlhej|/ Exlfj| mh cj|
ljoncal}j|# rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|49
rtjlhmho mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc j}tj q mh }jmj gwxhccj wxh oj| rxhmh grjt}gt q wxh rjmhej|
ljergt}at mh|mh cg thlartjlamgm q cg ao}htgllaüo/
4> Kj|hr Cgljedg Dç{wxh{/ Ehmagmjt Lxc}xtgc/ Jnalaog mh Gljiamg gc Gcxeogmj Aoeaitgo}h#
Mathllaüo ]htta}jtagc mh Hmxlglaüo mh ^gcholag/ Ljtthj hchl}tüoalj; aoeaitgo}h|Z~gcBi~g/h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 151/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 152/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 153/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/782/ / / / / / / / /
Rjt h|j h| }go aerjt}go}h wxh fgigej| x|j ho hc gxcg mh cg| choixg| mh jtaiho# rjtwxh |ao hccg|
h|}gej| ljo}tadxqhomj g wxh xog rgt}h aerjt}go}å|aeg mh cg| lxc}xtg| thlaáo cchigmg|# rg|h rjt
gc}j |x lgmhog mh }tgo|ea|aüo q kxo}j g ác }jmj hc dgigkh hejlajogc wxh cch~g aercåla}j/
Lxgomj xo rgmth j xog egmth |hohigch|h| jd|ht~ho ho cg tj}xcglaüo mh xo lho}tj hmxlg}a~j wxh
cj| lgt}hch| aomalgmjth| h|}ço ho choixg yjcjn h| h~amho}h wxh fgdthej| ljo|hixamj h|}gdchlht
mh aoehmag}j cg grht}xtg mhc Lgogc Herç}alj Ao}htlxc}xtgc &LHA! &Kj|hr Cgljedg# 422>!# h|h
glhchtgmjt mhc grthoma{gkh wxh gl}ûg ljej xo lg}gca{gmjt mh hohtiåg| ma|rht|g| wxh |jo cg| wxh
oj oj| mhkgo ljolho}tgtoj| lxgomj }hohej| wxh h|}gt fglahomj ljo|}go}h| h|nxht{j| mh
gmgr}glaüo eho}gc# ~a|xgc# hejlajogc rgtg glhtlgtoj| g xo ljo}hv}j ho hc wxh oj thljojlhej|
hcheho}j| ngeacagth| wxh oj| fgigo |ho}atoj| ho oxh|}tg rtjrag lg|g/
Ho}th cg| H|}tg}hiag| Caoióå|}alg| mh Gmgr}glaüo Aoalagc &HCGA!# rjmhej| fglht x|j mh cj| ]gcchth| mh
Tj}xcglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc# mjomh hcgdjtgej| rgohch| ho cj| wxh lgmg ngeacag thlaáo cchigmg rgt}alarg ho cgtj}xcglaüo mh cj| h|rglaj| mhc lho}tj ho |x choixg mh jtaiho/ G }tg~á| mh h|}g| h|}tg}hiag| athej|
ljo|aixahomj hc h|}gdchlaeaho}j mhc lgogc herç}alj# ljjtmaogmj g }tg~á| mh cg rgt}alarglaüo ngeacagt/
Ho hc gxcg th|xc}g aerth|laomadch wxh ma|rjoigej| mh xo H|rglaj mh Thlxt|j| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|
Caoióå|}alj| &HTAC! ljo|}a}xamj| rjt nalfg| mh }tgdgkj# mallajogtaj| ho choixg| mh jtaiho# Ixåg| mh
Ljo~ht|glaüo# }go}j ho Choixg| mh Jtaiho ljej ho Choixg| mh Gljiamg/
Cg jtmhoglaüo mh cj| eg}htagch| rjt oa~hch| mh manalxc}gm th|xc}g lcg~h; oj ~gej| g x}aca{gt hc ea|ej
eg}htagc ljo oa÷j| mh lxc}xtg lfaog# lxqg h|lta}xtg |h dg|g ho amhjitgeg| wxh ljo oa÷j| ljo
manhtho}h gcngdh}j q ma|}ao}g mathllajogcamgm &Dcgolj# 4224!/
Cj| Oa~hch| Caoióå|}alj| mh ]tg|cglaüo ~aolxcgo cg caoióå|}alg# cg rhmgijiåg q cg go}tjrjcjiåg# qg wxh
ljedaogo cg }tgmxllaüo q cg ao}htrth}glaüo lxc}xtgc ao}hitgmg| ho cj| rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh; h|
aerjt}go}å|aej ljo|amhtgt mh|mh wxá gcngdh}j q wxá choixg mh jtaiho h|}gej| gmwxatahomj xog
oxh~g choixg mh gljiamg/
Hc Oa~hc Caoióå|}alj mh ]tg|cglaüo mh|mh hc Amhjitgeg &OC]A! h| ljerchkj q ohlh|a}g mh xog
h|}txl}xtglaüo h|rglaj%}herjtgc eç| gercag wxh |h ljerch}g ljo kxhij| mh jtmhoglaüo# ho cj|
wxh rg|gej| mh jtmhogt q |htagt jdkh}j| ho mathllajogcamgm gttadg*gdgkj# g fglhtcj ho hc |ho}amj mhmhthlfg g a{wxahtmg# h|}h lgedaj mh |ho}amj oj h| aojlxj# mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cg r|aljcjiåg#
ljej }gerjlj cj h| wxh xo gcxeoj mah|}tj hkhtla}h cg cg}htgcamgm ltx{gmg# egohkçomj|h ljo cg
egoj mhthlfg/ Rjt }go}j# fgq wxh fglht h|rhlagc faolgraá ho h|}h nhoüehoj wxh njteg rgt}h#
rtaolargceho}h mh cg| lxc}xtg| g|aç}alg| &choixg ljthgog# kgrjoh|g# lfaog!/
Hc Oa~hc Caoióå|}alj mh ]tg|cglaüo mh|mh cg Mathllajogcamgm Jrxh|}g &OC]%MJ!; jrxh|}g# rgtg
oj|j}tj| wxh oj| egohkgej| ho hc gcngdh}j cg}aoj# h| nxomgeho}gceho}h hvlcx|a~j mh cg lxc}xtg
çtgdh q mh choixg| oj çtgdh| ljej hc xtmx# hc rht|g j hc rg|}j &rg|}ûo! wxh |h h|ltadho ho choixg
çtgdh/ H| xo oa~hc oj }go ljerchkj ljej hc OC]A# gxowxh th~a|}h xo itgmj h|rhlagc mh manalxc}gm#
rxh|}j wxh |xrjoh mh|rthomht|h mh xog ljolhrlaüo h|rglaj }herjtgc ao~ht|g/ Lxtaj|geho}h fgqj}tg choixg lxqj gcngdh}j }gedaáo |h h|ltadh mh mhthlfg g a{wxahtmg q lxqj| oa~hch| mh
thrth|ho}glaüo |jo exlfj eç| eaojta}gtaj|# ho h|}h lg|j oj| thnhtaej| g cg choixg fhdthg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 154/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 787/ / / / / / / / /
Hc Oa~hc Caoióå|}alj mh ]tg|cglaüo mh|mh Ma|}ao}j Gcngdh}j q Ea|eg Mathllajogcamgm &OC]%MGEM!;
fgdcgtågej| mhc gcngdh}j latåcalj &choixg tx|g!# gcngdh}j }adh}goj &choixg }adh}gog!# gcngdh}j faomû#
gcngdh}j gtehoaj# gcngdh}j ihjtiagoj…
Hc Oa~hc Caoióå|}alj mh ]tg|cglaüo mh|mh hc Ea|ej Gcngdh}j q Ma|}ao}g Choixg &OC]%EGMC!; h|
h|holagceho}h xo oa~hc grtjvaeg}a~j dg|}go}h egohkgdch# ho ljergtglaüo ljo cj| go}htajth|# rhtj
oj jc~amhej| cj ljercalgmg wxh rxhmh th|xc}gt cg }tg|cglaüo mh|mh cg choixg ca}xgog gc lg|}hccgoj j
mh|mh cg choixg ejcmg~g gc ~gcholagoj# cj ea|ej rjmtågej| mhlat mh cg choixg rjcglg# cg choixg
yjcjn j cg choixg |xgfaca/
Hc Oa~hc Caoióå|}alj mh Grtjvaeglaüo mh|mh hc Ea|ej Gcngdh}j q cg Ea|eg Choixg &OCG%EGEC!; qg
oj grcalgej| hc }áteaoj }tg|cglaüo rgtg thnhtatoj| g xog h~amholag wxh h| lxgomj cg choixg
rtj~ahoh mh xo çeda}j ihjitçnalj ma|}ao}j q fg mh|gttjccgmj ejma|ej| q h|}txl}xtg| itgeg}algch|
ma|}ao}g|# g|å ljej rgcgdtg| rtjrag| aoljtrjtgmg| mh|mh choixg| aomåihog|/ Gcij wxh jlxtth ho cg|lxc}xtg| cg}aojgehtalgog|# ho cj| wxh cj| rtjlh|j| mh ü|ej|a| caoióå|}alg oj |ücj |jo nthlxho}h|#
|aoj wxh |h rtjmxlho mh egohtg h|rjo}çohg rjt ehlgoa|ej| mh ao}htlh|aüo caoióå|}alg q
maogea{go ljo|}go}heho}h cj| Rtjlh|j| Gmgr}g}a~j| Caoióå|}alj| &RGC!/
Naixtg 7
Rtjith|aüo ljerh}holagc aoalagc g rgt}at mh rtjlh|j| gmgr}g}a~j| caoióå|}alj|
Nxho}h; Ljoith|j Ao}htoglajogc Ljerh}holag Ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh Hv}thegmxtg/ Kj|hr Cgljedg# 4272
G rgt}at mh cg gmwxa|alaüo mh xo rtjlh|j dç|alj# cg ljerh}holag caoióå|}alg h|}ç aoalagmg/ \ücj
mh|mh hc ejeho}j ho wxh hva|}h cg rj|adacamgm mh gllhmht gc lxttalxcxe fgq wxh at rcgo}hgomj
gl}a~amgmh| wxh igtgo}alho hc áva}j glgmáealj# mh ejmj wxh cj| gcxeoj| gc jd}hohtcj |h |aho}go
lgrglh| mh |hixat g~go{gomj ho h|g mathllaüo &naixtg 7!/
RTJLH\J\
GMGR]G]A^J\
CAOIÓÅ\]ALJ\
LGOGC
HERÇ]ALJ
AO]HTLXC]XTGC
OA^HCH\CAOIÓÅ\]ALJ\
MH GRTJVAEGLAÜO
Q ]TG\CGLAÜO
7 % RTJITH\AÜO LJERH]HOLAGC
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 155/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 156/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 78</ / / / / / / / /
Hcgdjtgt çtdjch| mh ~gcjth|;ljej xoj| ~gcjth| oj| cch~gog j}tj|# lxçc h| cg tgå{ mh lgmg~gcjt# cj| ntx}j| mhc çtdjc mhcj| ~gcjth| &thljihej| gwxhccjwxh |hedtgej|# xo gnjta|ej
eachogtaj q xoa~ht|gc rth|ho}hho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg|!
Grthoma{gkh ljo}hv}xgca{gmj;Rht|rhl}a~gAo}tglxc}xtgc
Cxigth| ljexoh|q h|rglaj| ljergt}amj|
Njeho}j mh cg Vhojnacag*Rth~holaüo mh cg Vhojnjdag
Ao~h|}aiglaüo*gllaüoHo hc ehmaj
Egrg| }heç}alj| oglajogch|q thiajogch|
Hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| xoa~ht|gch|;
\jlahmgmh|# h}oag| q lxc}xtg|%Ehmaj gedaho}h*dajma~ht|amgm%Gt}h q gt}h|goåg|%Choixg| mhc exomj%Ca}htg}xtg| mhc exomj%Eû|alg| mhc Exomj
%Rg}taejoaj Gtwxa}hl}üoalj%Lj|ej~a|ajoh|
Hoicjdgo honjwxh| qrcgo}hgeaho}j| eh}jmjcüialj|ao}htlxc}xtgch|/
Hc çeda}j rtjlhmaeho}gc aoljtrjtgthnhtho}h| exc}ama|larcaogth|;rht|rhl}a~g ljjhmxlg}a~g#Ao~h|}aiglaüo gllaüo#Rht|rhl}a~g ao}htihohtglajogc
^gcjth| h|rhlånalj| q ~gcjth|xoa~ht|gch|; |xrhtglaüo mhrcgo}hgeaho}j| h}ojláo}talj|/
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM THCGLAJOGC
LJOLHR]J\ RTJLHMAEAHO]J\ GL]A]XMH\ Q GCJTH\
Egtlj| ljolhr}xgch| icjdgch|;ljexoamgm lxc}xtgcho |x hv}ho|aüo/Egtlj| ljolhr}xgch| ljolth}j|;rgå| rjt rgå| q lxc}xtg rjt lxc}xtg/
Grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~jao}htlxc}xtgc
]tgo|njteglaüo mhc ljoncal}jg }tg~á| mh cg ehmaglaüo
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM EHMAGMJTG
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM AO^H\]AIGMJTG
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM LJO]HV]XGCA[GMG
Hcgdjtglaüo q manx|aüo mheg}htagch| ljergt}amj|
]gcchth| mh ao}ht~holaüoq rtjmxllaüo mh eg}htagch|ao}htlxc}xtgch|
Oj hva|}h xog HmxlglaüoAo}htlxc}xtgc |ao xog HmxlglaüoAo}hitgc ho ^gcjth|/
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM LJERGT]AMG
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM ]GOIADCH THCGLAJOGC
Nxho}h; Kj|hr Cgljedg/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh gcæolag 422>/ ht|aüo th~a|gmg q gl}xgca{gmg ho 4277/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 157/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/78=/ / / / / / / / /
Cg Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ]goiadch Thcglajogc fglh thnhtholag g cg h|}txl}xtglaüo mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc
g}homahomj g cj| rgtçeh}tj| wxh ao}hitgo rjt xo cgmj ljolhr}j|# rtjlhmaeaho}j| q gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| q
rjt j}tj cg mathllajogcamgm ljolth}g wxh mhnaoh lgmg rgtçeh}tj mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm wxh aolamh ho hc
rtjlh|j; ho h|}h lg|j# Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Thcglajogc# Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Ehmagmjtg# Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgmAo~h|}aigmjtg# Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Ljo}hv}xgca{gmg# h Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Ljergt}amg/
Cg ]hjtåg mh cj| Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| ]HLA &Kj|hr Cgljedg# 422>! h| xo ao}ho}j mh
|a|}heg}a{gt cg ao}hitglaüo mhc grthoma{gkh ao}htlxc}xtgc oj |ücj mh|mh cg }tgo|~ht|gcamgm# |aoj mh|mh
cg rchog ao}hitglaüo ho hc lxttalxcxe# |aixahomj rgx}g| h|}txl}xtgmg| wxh oj| rhtea}go ao}hitgt cj|
ejmhcj| rhmgiüialj| q go}tjrjcüialj|# ljergiaogomj }jmg| cg| maeho|ajoh| q g|rhl}j| wxh
ao}hitgo hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j q mh njteglaüo mh cg| amho}amgmh| lxc}xtgch|/
Nxho}h; Xoa~ht|a}g} mh gcæolag/ Nglxc}gm Laholag| mh cg Hmxlglaüo/ Kj|hr Cgljedg 422>/
HOCGLH LXTTALXCGT AO]HTLXC]XTGC
]HJTÅG MH CJ\ HOCGLH\ LXTTALXCGTH\ AO]HTLXC]XTGCH\ &]HLA!
GTHG LXTTALXCGT
JDKH]A^J\ % LJO]HOAMJ\ % RTJLHMAEAHO]J\ % GL]A]XMH\ Q GCJTH\
LXC]XTG\ RTH\HO]H\ HO HC LHO]TJ HMXLG]A^J
LXC]XTG\ THNHTHO]H\ OJ RTH\HO]H\
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM + AO]TGLXC]XTGCAMGM
THNHTHO]H\ LJO]HV]XGCA[GMJTH\
THNHTHO]H\ LXC]XTGCH\ XOA^HT\GCH\
L j e r h } h o l a g | d ç | a l g | ; m
a i a } g c #
| j l a g c # g t } å | } a l g #
e x o m j n
å | a l j #
c a o i ó å | } a l g #
e g } h e ç } a l
g #
g r t h o m h t g g r t h o m h t #
g x } j o j e å g r h t | j o g c
L j e r h } h o l a g | d ç | a l g | ; m
a i a } g c #
| j l a g c # g t } å | } a l g #
e x o m j n
å | a l j #
c a o i ó å | } a l g #
e g } h e ç } a l
g #
g r t h o m h t g g r t h o m h t #
g x } j o j e å g r h t | j o g c
L j e r h } h o l a g | d ç | a l g | ; m
a i a } g c #
| j l a g c # g t } å | } a l g #
e x o m j n
å | a l j #
c a o i ó å | } a l g #
e g } h e ç } a l
g #
g r t h o m h t g g r t h o m h t #
g x } j o j e å g r h t | j o g c
Lgt}jitgnåg ao}htlxc}xtgcGljo}hlaeaho}j| q rtjlh|j| |jlaj%fa|}ütalj|0 eaojtåg| á}oalg|q lxc}xtg| }tadgch|0 ehmajgedaho}h*|j|}hoadacamgm*dajma~ht|amgm0Choixg| mhc exomj% ca}htg}xtg| mhc exomj0 ljjrhtglaüo
q mh|gttjccj0 |a|}heg| mh lthholag| mhc exomj0 eû|alg| mhcexomj0 laoheg}jitgnåg| mhc exomj0 gt}h q gt}h|goåg|0 rg}taejoajlxc}xtgc eg}htagc h aoeg}htagc0 h}ojcjiåg h|ljcgt0 ex|ha{glaüo0
Ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo0 ao}tglxc}xtgcamgm
AO]HTRTH]GLAÜO*THAO]HTRTH]GLAÜO LXC]XTGCGO]TJRJCJIÅG*H]OJCJIÅG MH CG HMXLGLAÜO
] T G O \ ^ H T \ G C A M G M
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 158/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 788/ / / / / / / / /
Cg ]hjtåg mh cj| Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| }tg}g mh rth|ho}gt xo ejmhcj wxh rhtea}g hc
mh|gttjccj mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho }jmg| |x| nglh}g|/
Ao}hitg }go}j cg| grjt}glajoh| mh cg Rhmgijiåg ljej cg| mh cg Go}tjrjcjiåg q cg H}ojcjiåg q rhtea}h|x aoljtrjtglaüo gc lxttålxcxe# g|å ljej hc mh|gttjccj mh cg| Ljerh}holag| Dç|alg|/
G }tg~á| mh cj| Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| &HLA! rhtea}h aoljtrjtgt g cj| Jdkh}a~j|#
Ljo}hoamj|# Rtjlhmaeaho}j| q Gl}a}xmh| q ^gcjth| gwxhccg| gl}a~amgmh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| wxh
ljo|amhthej| gmhlxgmg| gc oa~hc ljtth|rjomaho}h# g }tg~á| mh cg grcalglaüo mh cg ]tgo|~ht|gcamgm/
Cg ]hjtåg mh cj| Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|# fg }hoamj ho lxho}g }go}j hc }tgdgkj
mh|gttjccgmj g oa~hc mh ao}htrth}glaüo lxc}xtgc rjt Ihht}{# Ehgm q Dxdhomhq# ho hc Ao|}a}x}j mh
H|}xmaj| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| mh Oxh~g Qjt`# g|å ljej hc thnhtho}h mh cg ljexoalglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
=%%Thlxt|j| q eh}jmjcjiåg; cj| }hv}j| hcgdjtgmj| hvrth|geho}h rgtg cgljo|}txllaüo mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm &]HLAR\!
Xog ~h{ ljo|hixamg cg ljerh}holag caoióå|}alg ohlh|gtag# h| mhlat# lxgomj rjmhej| hvrth|gtoj|
q ljexoalgtoj| mh njteg wxh ao}htgllajohej| ljo oxh|}tj| |hehkgo}h|# |xtih cg ohlh|amgm wxh
ljergt}at }jmj gwxhccj wxh }hohej| ohlh|amgm mh ljojlht# h|g ohlh|amgm rxhmh |xtiat mh njteg
h|rjo}çohg# mhdhej| grtj~hlfgt }jmj| h|j| ejeho}j| wxh |xtiho# rhtj |a# gmheç|#
ma|rjohej| mh h|}txl}xtg| wxh oj| rhtea}go |a|}heg}a{gt hc }tgdgkj ao}htlxc}xtgc# ~gej| g cch~gt g
lgdj xo mh|gttjccj mh rtjlh|j| ao}htlxc}xtgch| mh njteg ao}hitgc/
Xo thlxt|j eh}jmjcüialj oj~hmj|j |jo cj| ]HLAR\ &]hv}j| Hcgdjtgmj| rgtg cg Ljo|}txllaüo mh cg
Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag q \hlxomgtag!# qg wxh rgt}ho mh xog eh}jmjcjiåg oxh~g; cg
Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ]goiadch Hvrhtaholagc &A]H! q |jo }hv}j| wxh |h ljo|}txqho j daho aoma~amxgceho}h
j daho ljo cg grjt}glaüo mhc itxrj h aolcx|j mh cg lcg|h/ \x rcg|}alamgm rhtea}h fglht thnhtholag g
lxgcwxaht çeda}j lcg~h mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc h aolamat ho cg ehmamg ho wxh cj| hmxlgmjth|
ljo|amhtho jrjt}xoj/ G rgt}at mh lxgcwxaht ]HLAR\ cg| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h rxhmho rcgo}hgt |jo
eûc}arch| q }jmg| hccg| |h ~aolxcgo mathl}geho}h gc lxttålxcxe/
Cj| ]hv}j| Hcgdjtgmj| rgtg cg Ljo|}txllaüo mh cg Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag q
\hlxomgtag ]HLAR\ &Kj|hr Cgljedg# 4226! ao}hitgo cj| grthoma{gkh| ao}htlxc}xtgch|# hc Lgogc
Herç}alj Ao}htlxc}xtgc q cg| Ljerh}holag| Dç|alg| ho xo ea|ej }hv}j/
\h }tg}g mh xog eh}jmjcjiåg h|rhlånalg wxh grcalg cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh cg Mamçl}alg mh cg
Ca}htg}xtg Ao}htlxc}xtgc# grtj~hlfgomj hc dgigkh hvrhtaholagc mh cj| gcxeoj| thlaáo cchigmj| q mh cg
|jlahmgm mh gljiamg g }tg~á| mhc maçcjij ao}htlxc}xtgc/
Gc ea|ej }aherj cj| ]HLAR\ ao}hitgo hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg| ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| mh Fjygtm
Igtmoht &716<!# hc rhmgijij wxh ljo cg }hjtåg mh cg| ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| rcgo}hg cg rj|adacamgmmh jnthlht rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh wxh ljedaoho lxgcwxaht g|rhl}j mh cg ao}hcaiholag fxegog#
ljergiaoçomjcj| }jmj|# |ao mh|rthlagt oaoixoj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 159/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 160/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 161/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/786/ / / / / / / / /
–Oxh|}tg geaig Eachog fgdåg oglamj ho Rtgig# hvrcalü g |x| ljerg÷htj| q ljerg÷htg|
mhc Ao|}a}x}j cj wxh eç| ch ix|}gdg mh |x laxmgm; ho~agtjo xo ljtthj hchl}tüoalj g Rtgig
q ch| egomgtjo nj}j|# Eachog fa{j cg }tgmxllaüo mh xo }hv}j mh Ntgo{ @gn`g# ch| hvrcalü
wxh ho |x rgå| |h holjo}tü hc Lümalh ^jqoalf# hc cadtj eç| hv}tg÷j wxh kgeç| |h fgdågh|lta}j# Rtgig htg ljojlamg ljej cg laxmgm mh cj| Gcwxaea|}g| wxahoh| |h h|}gdchlahtjo
ho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/ Ho hc |aicj VV cg| ~goixgtmag| gmwxatahtjo itgo thch~golag#
rjt h|j Rtgig h| cg laxmgm mhc exomj ljo eç| hmanalaj| lxda|}g|/ Rjt cg }gtmh nxh g
~a|a}gt hc rgtwxh mh cg Og}xtgch{g# gccå ~aj rjt rtaehtg ~h{ xo rh{ |gc}gtåo mhc ngoij; oxolg
go}h| fgdåg ~a|}j ogmg aixgc# xo rh{ ljo hv}theamgmh| mhcgo}htg|# wxh |gcåg q ho}tgdg
mhc gixg# ~a~åg ho cj| egoicgth| mh cj| egth| lçcamj|/ ]gedaáo rxmj ~ht xo lgoithkj
lglhtjcg/ Ch holgo}ü hc Ex|hj mh Dhog}`q mjomh wxh |h ma|ntg{ü ljo }tgkh| mhc |aicj V^A
q chqü cadtj| mh cg árjlg# rx|j |x| rah| |jdth cg cåohg mhc ehtamagoj wxh }tg{ü hc
g|}tüojej ]qlfj Dtgfh ho hc |xhcj mhc lg|}accj# rg|hü rjt |x| |gcg| ho cg| wxh fgdåg xo
mjceho rthfa|}ütalj q xo mtxamg wxh ch| ho|h÷gdg cj| |hlth}j| mh cg árjlg mh cj|ejoxeho}j| ehigcå}alj|/ ^a|a}ü hc Rjt}ejohxe mh Ca}je|qc cg lg|g mhc rao}jt Kj|hn
^glfgc# |h wxhmü g|jedtgmg# rgthmh| ho cg| wxh fgdåg rao}gmj |x| lxgmtj|#
mathl}geho}h# hv}tg÷g| naixtg| ljo gcg|# |hth| ea}jcüialj|# rga|gkh|# xog gtg÷g mh
egmhtg gmjtogdg cg |accg mh |x h|}xmaj# hc Rjt}ejohxe htg xo cxigt ûoalj# xog jdtg mh
gt}h# oaoiûo j}tj gt}a|}g fgdåg aoejt}gca{gmj xo cxigt mh h|h ejmj# x|gomj ljej caho{j
cg| rgthmh| mh |x lg|g# }go ~gcaj|g ljej |x rtjrag jdtg―/
Nxho}h; ]hv}j ]HLAR\ –Gt}h q laholag rjt }ahttg| mh Djfheag―% Kj|hr Cgljedg 4277
Cj| ]HLAR\ rhtea}ho }tgdgkgt cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| }gc q ljej naixtgo ho hc |aixaho}h
h|wxheg# |jo }hv}j| gdaht}j| wxh xog ~h{ hcgdjtgmj| rhtea}ho at g÷gmahomj |xihtholag|# oxh~g|
grjt}glajoh|# acx|}tglajoh|# nj}jitgnåg|/
Mh lgmg }hv}j |xtiho gl}a~amgmh| wxh ljtth|rjomho g xo çthg mh}hteaogmg mhc lxttalxcxe# mh
ejmj wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh| |h rxhmho gmgr}gt g cj| manhtho}h| oa~hch| ho cj| wxh oxh|}tj|
gcxeoj|*g| |h holxho}tho# ljo xog ljomalaüo dç|alg; mhdho rhtea}at hc áva}j h|ljcgt/
Gc ea|ej }aherj wxh oj| rhtea}ho at mh|lxdtahomj oxh|}tj| httjth| rgtg |hixat g~go{gomj# rhtj
rgt}ahomj |aherth mh cg rthea|g wxh hc }hv}j th|rjomg g oxh|}tg| rj|adacamgmh|/
\jdth xo ]HLAR\ rjmhej| rcgo}hgt rtjdcheg| eg}heç}alj|# ljtthllajoh| jt}jitçnalg|#
~jlgdxcgtaj| h|rhlånalj|# ljo|}txllajoh| mh oxh~j| }hv}j|# goçca|a| q ljeho}gtaj| mh }hv}j|#
mh|gttjccgt dajitgnåg| mh cj| rht|jogkh| láchdth| wxh grgthlho ho cj| ea|ej|# mh|ltarlajoh| mhc
ejeho}j fa|}ütalj ho wxh |h mh|gttjccg hc ]HLAR# ljolth}gt xdalglajoh| ihjitçnalg|# madxkgt
egrg| mh cj| cxigth| ho cj| wxh }tgo|lxttho/
Cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh cj| ]HLAR\ |jo egqjth| g ehmamg wxh |h ~go }tgdgkgomj q |h ~g
mh|lxdtahomj wxh }jmj| q }jmg| rjmhej| thgca{g| oxh|}tg| th|rhl}a~g| grjt}glajoh| q wxh oj
|ücj hc choixgkh h|lta}j njteg rgt}h mhc ]HLAR\ |aoj wxh }gedaáo g rgt}at mh hccj| rjmhej| }tgdgkgt
hc choixgkh mhc lüeal# cg gl}a~amgm rcç|}alg &h|lxc}xtg ho dgttj q egmhtg# rgrhc eglfá# rao}xtg!#mtgeg}a{glajoh|# laoh%njtxe%%
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 162/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 781/ / / / / / / / /
Xo ]HLAR\ h| eç| wxh xo }hv}j rtjrageho}h malfj; h| xo }hv}j eûc}arch# rj|adaca}gmjt mh j}tj| choixgkh|
g rgt}at mhc }hv}j# q gc ea|ej }aherj h| xo }hv}j wxh |h thhcgdjtg ljo|}go}heho}h# mhc wxh rxhmho at
mh|grgthlahomj hcheho}j| h aoljtrjtçomj|h j}tj| oxh~j| wxh th|rjomgo g cg ej}a~glaüo q g cj|
ao}hth|h| mh cj| gcxeoj|*g| wxh g |x ~h{ |jo rtj}gijoa|}g| mh |x hcgdjtglaüo q mh|gttjccj/
Naixtg 8
Ljoncxholag ao}htlxc}xtgc mh ljerh}holag| dç|alg| h ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| g }tg~á| mh }hv}j| hcgdjtgmj|
rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm
Nxho}h; EH]JMJCJIAG ]HLAR\# Kj|hr Cgljedg 4226
THLXT\J\
7/ Ljerh}holag holjexoalglaüo caoióå|}alg/
THLXT\J\EH]JMJCJIAG
4/ Ljerh}holag eg}heç}alg
</ Ljerh}holag hohc ljojlaeaho}j q cg ao}htgllaüoljo hc exomj nå|alj
=/ Ljerh}holag ho hc]tg}geaho}j mh cg Aonjteglaüoq ljerh}holag maia}gc
Ao}hcaiholag Caoióå|}alg
Ao}hcaiholagCüialj%Eg}heç}alg
Ao}hcaiholagH|rglagc
Ao}hcaiholag Ex|algc
Oxh|}tg geaig Eachog fgdåg oglamjho Rtgig# hvrcalü g |x| ljerg÷htj|q ljerg÷htg| mhc Ao|}a}x}j cj wxh eç| chix|}gdg mh |x laxmgm; ho~agtjo xo ljtthjhchl}tüoalj g Rtgig q ch| egomgtjo nj}j|#Eachog fa{j cg }tgmxllaüo mh xo }hv}j mhNtgo{ @gn`g# ch| hvrcalü wxh ho |x rgå| |hholjo}tü hc Lümalh jqoalf# hc cadtj eç|
hv}tg÷j wxh kgeç| |h fgdåg h|lta}j# Rtgightg ljojlamg ljej cg laxmgm mh cj|Gcwxaea|}g| wxahoh| |h h|}gdchlahtjoho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/ Ho hc |aicjVV cg| ~goixgtmag| gmwxatahtjo itgothch~golag# rjt h|j Rtgig h| cg laxmgmmhc exomj ljo eç| hmanalaj| lxda|}g|/
GL]A^AMGMH\;Fa|}jtag; gogca{g cg| chqh| mhc ej~aeaho}jrcgoh}gtaj mh @hrcht q |x ljo}hv}j# cg laholagho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/Eg}heç}alg|; ljo cg| maeho|ajoh|mhc hmanalaj lxda|}g# lgclxcgt hc çthg qcg |xrhtnalah mhc ea|ej/Rcç|}alg; madxkg hc Lg|}accj mh Rtgig x}aca{gomj}áloalg| mhc gt}h gd|}tgl}j# hvrth|ajoa|}g
q lxda|}g/Eû|alg; gxmalaüo mh Heeg Mh|}aoj~gq Ntahmtalf \eh}gog/Choixg; Ljeho}gtaj ]hv}j mh Ntgo{ @gn`gq Dj{hog Ohe`j~g# ~amg q jdtg/Hvrth|aüo Ljtrjtgc; H|lhoanalgt rgt}hmhc thcg}j mh @gn`g/
AO]HCAIHOLAG\EXC]ARCH\
AO]HITGMG\HO HC ]HV]J
Ao}hcaiholag Ljtrjtgc Laoá}alg
Ao}hcaiholag Ao}tgrht|jogc
Ao}hcaiholag Ao}htrht|jogc
Ao}hcaiholag Og}xtgca|}g
AO]HCAIHOLAG\EXC]ARCH\
AO]HITGMG\HO HC ]HV]J
8/ Ljerh}holag\jlagc q Laxmgmgog
>/ Ljerh}holag lxc}xtgcq gt}å|}alg
9/ Ljerh}holagRgtg grthomht g grthomht
6/ Gx}jojeågh aoalag}a~g rht|jogc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 163/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>2/ / / / / / / / /
Cj| ljerjoho}h| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm oj| ~go g rhtea}at mh|gttjccgtcg ho }jmg| |x| nglh}g|# |ao
mh|g}homht oaoiûo g|rhl}j mh egohtg ao}hitgc h ao}hitgmg ho hc lxttålxcxe/
Naixtg >
Maeho|ajoh| mh cg Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ]goiadch Thcglajogc
Nxho}h; Kj|hr Cgljedg 4277
8%% Ljolcx|aüo
Xog h|}txl}xtg mhnaoamg mh thlxt|j|# ljo rcgo}hgeaho}j| lcgtj|# wxh |a|}heg}alh hc }tgdgkj g }tg~á|
mh cg h|}txl}xtg choixg|%lxc}xtg|%~gcjth|%ehmaglaüo# oj| ~g g rhtea}at }tgdgkgt ho cg| gxcg| mh|mh
xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Lgmg xoj mh oxh|}tj| gcxeoj|*g| h| ûoalj h atthrh}adch/ Hc th}j mh cg
Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljo|a|}h ho ljo|hixat wxh }jmj| q }jmg| oj| |ao}gej| rtj}gijoa|}g| mh
oxh|}tj grthoma{gkh q wxh rjmgej| grjt}gt cj ehkjt mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q mh oxh|}tj dgigkh#
x}aca{gomj }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| mamçl}alj| q rhmgiüialj| g oxh|}tj gclgolh/
Rtaehtg# |hixomg q }htlhtgihohtglaüo njtego rgt}hmhc rtjlh|j mh cg grcalglaüo
mh cg hmxlglaüoao}htlxc}xtgc# g }tg~á|
mh cg }tgo|ea|aüoao}htihohtglajogc/
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMMH\LTAR]A^G
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMGNHL]A^J%\JLAGC
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMMH\LTAR]A^G;
Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgmmh|ltadh gwxhccj|
hcheho}j| wxhljo|amhtgej| |aioanalg}a~j|
ljej rgt}h mh oxh|}tgamho}amgm q oxh|}tg lxc}xtg
Cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j|ao}htlxc}xtgch| dx|lgolthgt cg{j| gnhl}a~j|
q oxolg mhkgo mh cgmj hc
lthlaeaho}j g oa~hc gnhl}a~j#hvrth|gej| |ho}aeaho}j|g }tg~á| mh cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# |aherthrj|a}a~j|# ~gcjtgej| gc j}tjq oj| |ho}aej| g |x ~h{
~gcjtgmj| rjt cj| mheç|/
Grcalg rcgo}hgeaho}j|ao}htlxc}xtgch| wxh oj
rj}holaho }jmg| cg| nglh}g|hvrth|a~g| q wxh rhtea}go
mh|gttjccgt cg aegiaoglaüoq cg| lgrglamgmh| lthg}a~g|/
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMLJO]HV]XGCA[GMG
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMLJHMXLG]A^G
AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMAO]HTIHOHTGLAJOGC
Rgt}h mhc ho}jtojaoehmag}j q mh|mhhc ea|ej |h ~go
hvrcjtgomj cj| thnhtho}h|ao}htlxc}xtgch| eç|mh|}glgmj| g|å ljej
|x goçca|a| q |x thcglaüoljo hc lxttalxcxe
Hkhercanalg ljo thnhtho}h|ljhmxlg}a~j| mh|mh xogrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc
rgtg ng~jthlht cgljhmxlglaüo ho }jmj|
cj| çeda}j|
Hkhercanalg ljo thnhtho}h|ljhmxlg}a~j| mh|mh xogrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc
rgtg ng~jthlht cgljhmxlglaüo ho }jmj|
cj| çeda}j|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 164/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7>7/ / / / / / / / /
Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg|
%% Dcgolj# Egtaog &4224!/ Hc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj; xo th}j hmxlg}a~j/ Hma}jtagc HJ\/
%% Dcg|lj Ixatgc# Kj|á Cxa|# ]jtthitj|g# Mgoahc# Jcej|# ^alho} &422>!/ G}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm;Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Ljo|hcchtåg mh Lxc}xtg# Hmxlglaüo q Mhrjt}h mh gcholag/
%% Lgtdjohcc# Tgnghc &4228!/ Cg th|rxh|}g hmxlg}a~g ho cg Ljexoamgm ^gcholagog/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh
^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg
Hmxlglaüo/
%% Igtlåg%Tjlg# Kjgwxåo &422=!/ Ao}hitglaüo/ Ho Ljoacc# Kh|û| &ljjtm//!/ Icj|gtaj rgtg xog \jlahmgm
Ao}htlxc}xtgc/
%% Igtmoht# Fjygtm &716<!/ Cg ao}hcaiholag thnjtexcgmg; cg| ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| rgtg hc |aicj VVA/
Oxh~g Qjt`# Dg|al Djj`|/
%% Iaeáoh{# Lgtcj| &4222!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth tgla|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm / Cj| cadtj| mh cg
Lg}gtg}g/%% Iüeh{# Ljolhrlaüo &4272!/ Oxh~j| Ejmhcj| Hmxlg}a~j| rgtg xog \jlahmgm Ao}htlxc}xtgc; Cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho cj| lho}tj| mjlho}h|/ Th~a|}g Ljo|}tg|}h| Lxc}xtgch| o»86/
%% Itaodhti# Thdhlg q Chüo &7162!/ Amho}amgm q Lgedaj/ Rgamü|/
%% Fgychq &7164!/ Hljcjiåg Fxegog/ ]gxtx|/
%% Fhtoçomh{# Gxvacagmjtg &422=g!/ Cg Hmxlglaüo ho Ljo}hv}j| Exc}alxc}xtgch|; Ma~ht|amgm h
Amho}amgm/ VAAA Ljoith|j Oglajogc q AA Adhtjgehtalgoj mh Rhmgijiåg/
%% Fhtoçomh{# Gxvacagmjtg &422=d!/ Hc th}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Gl}g| A Ljoith|j
Ao}htoglajogc Hmxlglaüo h Aoeaitglaüo/
%% @qecal`g# Yacc &422<!/ Oglajogca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# laxmgmgoåg/ Rgamü|/
%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &422>!/ Ixåg mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc; cg maeho|aüo rhmgiüialg q
go}tjrjcüialg mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Nxomglaüo LhaE/
%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &422>!/ Cg maeho|aüo go}tjrjcüialg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc q |x
ao|htlaüo g oa~hc lxttalxcgt g }tg~á| mh xo Egtlj Icjdgc Thcglajogmjt &EIT!; cg ]hjtåg mh cj|
Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| &]HLA! / Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo
Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg Hmxlglaüo/
%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &4221!/ Fa|}jtag mh cg| Eaitglajoh| Ao}htoglajogch|; Fa|}jtag#
Ihjitgnåg# Goçca|a| h Ao}htrth}glaüo mh cg| Eaitglajoh|/ Cj| Cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g% Rg}tjog} \xm%
Ojtm mh cg Xoa~ht|a}g} mh gcæolag/
%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &4277!/ \aerj|aj Ao}htoglajogc Ma~ht|amgm Lxc}xtgc q H|lxhcg/ Hc mh|gttjccj mh cg Ljerh}holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh Hv}thegmxtg/
%% Cch~j}# Oûtag &4222!/ Hc| ehmagmjt| ao}htlxc}xtgc| g ch| ao|}a}xlajo| hmxlg}a~h|/ Hma}jtagc Rgiá|/
%% Egt}åoh{# Egtåg Kh|û| &422=!/ Gc holxho}tj ho}th lxc}xtg|; Hc hmxlgmjt ljej ehmagmjt lxc}xtgc /
Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag|
mh cg Hmxlglaüo/
%% Ehchtj# Cxa|g q Måh# Cxa| &4272!/ Lgrå}xcj 4; Hc honjwxh r|alj|jlagc mh cg| eaitglajoh|/ Ho
Ehchtj# Cxa|g &Ljjtm/! &4272!/ Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo
r|alj|jlagc ljo rht|jog| eaitgo}h|/ gcholag/ Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/
%% Ehtlaht# Rgxc &422=!/ Chl}xtg| mh go}tjrjcjiåg rgtg hmxlgmjth|/ Hm ]tj}}g/ 422=
%% Eatü# Lgeacj &422>!/ Cg th|rxh|}g hmxlg}a~g gc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho cg rtj~aolag mh ^gcholag/Rtjqhl}j mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg
Hmxlglaüo/
%% ]gqcjt# Lfgtch| &422=!/ Amho}amgm# ljexoamgm q cadht}gm/ Rgamü|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 165/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>4/ / / / / / / / /
HC CXIGT MH CGHMXLGLAÜO OJNJTEGC;CG NJTEGLAÜO
MH H\RGLAJ\ Q RJ\ADACAMGMH\MH THCGLAJOH\
AO]HTLXC]XTGCH\
LGRÅ]XCJ
6
Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg q \gajg Dacdgj Xt`ama46
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 166/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7></ / / / / / / / /
7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo
G cj cgtij mh cj| lgrå}xcj| rthlhmho}h| |h fg thgca{gmj xo goçca|a| }go}j mh cj| ljolhr}j| mh
ma~ht|amgm h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej mh |x grcalglaüo g xo çeda}j exq ljolth}j wxh h| hc mh cghmxlglaüo/ Ho h|}h lgrå}xcj ~gej| g }tg}gt mh ljolth}gt gûo eç| cg lxh|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm h
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho hc h|rglaj mh cg hmxlglaüo oj njtegc# xo h|rglaj wxh# ljej ~hthej| mh|mh
ma|}ao}g| hvrhtaholag|# |h ljo|}a}xqh ljej cxigt amüohj rgtg hc }tgdgkj ho gl}a}xmh| q rgtg hc
grthoma{gkh mh cg ljo~a~holag ho cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc/
Cg| ma|}ao}g| hvrhtaholag| wxh holjo}tgtç hc chl}jt ho hc rth|ho}h lgrå}xcj }ahoho xo rxo}j mh
gttgowxh ljeûo ho cg cgdjt wxh cg Nxomglaüo \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtag ~ahoh thgca{gomj mh|mh fglh
qg }aherj ho ljcgdjtglaüo ljo j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch| &rûdcalg| q rta~gmg|! mh çeda}j cjlgc q
h|}g}gc rgtg mh|gttjccgt xog ao}ht~holaüo |jlagc }tgo|njtegmjtg/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj }tgo|njtegmjt# fgq
wxh |xdtgqgt cg aerjt}golag mh cj| h|rglaj| wxh |h ljo|}txqho eç| gccç mh cg hmxlglaüorxtgeho}h njtegc ho cg ehmamg ho wxh oj| jnthlho xog jrjt}xoamgm ûoalg rgtg cg ljexoalglaüo q
cg rgt}alarglaüo ho}th rht|jog| rtjlhmho}h| mh manhtho}h| egtlj| |jlagch|# lxc}xtgch| q
ihjitçnalj|/ H|}j| cxigth| |h ljo|}txqho mh|mh xog ao}htgllaüo wxh rj|hh xo gc}j itgmj mh
h|rjo}gohamgm cj wxh |a daho rxhmh |xrjoht tah|ij| }gedaáo ljocch~g xog aerjt}go}h rj|adacamgm
mh hotawxhlaeaho}j ljchl}a~j/ G|å# ljo|amhtgej| wxh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc rtjrjtlajog ho cg
hmxlglaüo oj njtegc xog rj|adacamgm thgc rgtg cg lthglaüo mh oxh~j| ~gcjth|# aoma~amxgch| rhtj
}gedaáo ljchl}a~j|# q ho h|}g ehmamg }ahoh xo rj}holagc }tgo|njtegmjt mhc h|rglaj rûdcalj/
Gfjtg daho# ºwxá q lüej ho}homhej| cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj mh h|}j| h|rglaj|:
Oj |h }tg}g gfjtg mh ~jc~ht g th~a|gt hc ljolhr}j mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# xog lxh|}aüo wxh fg wxhmgmj
th|xc}g ho cj| lgrå}xcj| rthlhmho}h|/ Oj jd|}go}h# |å wxhthej| rj|alajogtoj| ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh
h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# wxh |xtih ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo q cg ljexoalglaüo# rth|xrjoh j ~g xoamg
ho |x mh|gttjccj g mj| ljolhr}j| wxh mh|mh cg Nxomglaüo |h ljo|amhtgo lcg~h|; cg rgt}alarglaüo q
cg laxmgmgoåg/ Ho hnhl}j# ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| fhej| g|a|}amj ho oxh|}tj rgå| g xo gercaj mhdg}h q#
|jdth }jmj# g xo x|j ho jlg|ajoh| mh|eh|xtgmj mh ljolhr}j| ljej exc}alxc}xtgca|ej#
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# h}l/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| rgthlah|h wxh }jmj| h|}j|
}áteaoj| |jo eç| wxh |jcxlajoh| cj| ojedth| mh cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |jlahmgmh| ljej cg oxh|}tg#
ljo xog ma~ht|amgm ho |x |hoj wxh ~g ho gxeho}j# ~go g }hoht wxh grthomht g th|jc~ht q ih|}ajogt/
Ho h|}h rgojtgeg# exlfg| ~hlh| aolaht}j q wxh ihohtg laht}j mh|g|j|ahij ho cg| rjdcglajoh|# cgrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc }tg}g mh |xrhtgt gcixog| mh cg| ao|xnalaholag| wxh rth|ho}gdg hc ejmhcj
eç| lcç|alj mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm wxh ho cxigth| ljej Fjcgomg j Thaoj Xoamj |h fg cch~gmj
g lgdj; hc ejmhcj exc}alxc}xtgc/ Ho ljo}aoxamgm ljo h|}h ejmhcj rhtj gdjtmgomj cg ma~ht|amgm
mh|mh xo ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg# }gc q ljej fhej| ~a|}j ho hc |hixomj lgrå}xcj# exlfj eç|
maoçealj# hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej rjoh hc glho}j ho cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th rht|jog| q ho}amgmh|
lxc}xtgceho}h manhtholagmg| &Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# 422<!/
46 Nxomglaüo Hccglxtåg/ \x| ljtthj| th|rhl}a~j| |jo; g/txa{Blho}tjhccglxtag/jti0 q |/dacdgjBlho%
}tjhccglxtag/jti/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 167/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>=/ / / / / / / / /
Wxa{ç| rgth{lg itg}xa}j g h|}g| gc}xtg| ~jc~ht g th}jegt q thrho|gt hc ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg# xog
ma|lx|aüo wxh mxtgo}h g÷j| fg |amj ntx}j mh xo gia}gmj mhdg}h ho ma|larcaog| ljej cg go}tjrjcjiåg
q cg |jlajcjiåg/ \ao hedgtij# ljo|amhtgej| wxh h|}h hkhtlalaj h| gd|jcx}geho}h aerth|laomadch ho
cg ehmamg ho wxh |ao ác rgthlh wxh oj| ~hej| gdjlgmj| ho cg rtçl}alg eç| lj}amagog g thgca{gt#|jdth }jmj ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j# cj wxh gcixoj| gx}jth| fgo mhojeaogmj ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej g cg
Dhoh}}jo Ccxlf Dgcgixht q \gcaog| Lg}gcâ &7118!/ Rthla|geho}h rgtg oj lght ho h|}g hvgc}glaüo q
~gcjtglaüo g ~hlh| xo rjlj |xrhtnalagc mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag ho}ahomh wxh
oj rjmhej| mh|caigt h|}g oxh~g rtjrxh|}g mh cg amhg| mh laxmgmgoåg q rgt}alarglaüo/
\h }tg}g# rjt }go}j# mh ao|ltadat q xdalgt h|}g oxh~g rtjrxh|}g ho xo egtlj rjcå}alj q |jlagc wxh
ljo|amhtgej| }j}gceho}h ohlh|gtaj q wxh ljocch~g# }gc q ljej fg |h÷gcgmj Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj
&4222# 422<!# }th| hkh| nxomgeho}gch|; mh|gttjccj fxegoj0 xog mhejltglag rcxtgca|}g h aolcxqho}h0 q
xog oxh~g laxmgmgoåg/ \a jc~amgej| cg ao}tåo|hlg ~aolxcglaüo ho}th hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej q |x holgkh
|jlajhljoüealj q lå~alj% rjcå}alj# ljtthej| xo itgo tah|ij ho hc |ho}amj mh lght ho xo oxh~jh}oala|ej q lxc}xtgca|ej wxh# ho laht}g ehmamg# qg h|}ç |ahomj x}aca{gmj mh egohtg xo }go}j
rht~ht|g rgtg lxc}xta{gt q h|holagca{gt thcglajoh| wxh }ahoho wxh ~ht oj }go}j ljo cj lxc}xtgc |aoj
ljo cj cgdjtgc# kxtåmalj# hljoüealj# h}l/
Fgdcgt mh laxmgmgoåg h| gmho}tgt|h ho xoj mh cj| mhdg}h| rjcå}alj| q glgmáealj| eç| gl}xgch|/
H|}g gl}xgcamgm mhc }heg h|}ç# |ao mxmg# thcglajogmj ljo nhoüehoj| ljej cg icjdgca{glaüo
hljoüealg q lxc}xtgc# cg| eaitglajoh| g itgo h|lgcg q hc áong|a| gl}xgc ho cj| rtjdcheg| mh cg
amho}amgm ljchl}a~g &|hg oglajogc# lxc}xtgc# mh iáohtj# h}l/!/ ]jmj| h|}j| nhoüehoj| oj| jdcaigo g
xog th~a|aüo mh cg ojlaüo mh laxmgmgoåg ljej h|}g}x| mh rht}hoholag# mh aolcx|aüo q mh hvlcx|aüo/
Rjt j}tg rgt}h# cg lta|a| mhc h|}gmj mh dahoh|}gt# cg grg}åg h aomanhtholag rjcå}alg ho cg| |jlahmgmh|
jllamho}gch| q rtjdcheg| wxh ljej cg rjdth{g q hc ehmaj gedaho}h thwxahtho mh |jcxlajoh|
|jcamgtag| mhejltç}alg| ohlh|a}go laxmgmgoj| ljertjeh}amj| q rgt}alarg}a~j| ljo |x ljexoamgm
q ljo hc ao}htá| ljchl}a~j q oj |ücj }a}xcgth| mh mhthlfj| q ljo}tadxqho}h|/
Xo ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg thoj~gmj mhdhtåg thljojlht xoj| mhthlfj| h|rhlånalj| mh itxrj|
hvlcxamj| &exkhth|# eaojtåg| á}oalg|# rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h|# fjej|hvxgch|# golagoj|# itxrj| ljo
ma|lgrglamgm# h}l/! q |x gllh|j hnhl}a~j g cj| mhthlfj| ljexoh|0 q }gedaáo mhdhtåg |ht hvrth|aüo
mh cg ma~ht|amgm q mhc th|rh}j g cj| mhthlfj| mh cg| eaojtåg| q mh |x| th|rhl}a~g| amho}amgmh|/ Rjt
cj }go}j# ho h|}h oxh~j ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg |h }homtåg wxh mgt xo hwxacadtaj ho}th; xog amho}amgmljeûo laxmgmgog q xog amho}amgm manhtholagmg mh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|/
G|å# h|}h ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~j rjmtåg njeho}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo mh exlfg| rht|jog| wxh
ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm |jo ljo|amhtgmj| ljej laxmgmgoj| mh |hixomg j# mathl}geho}h# oj }ahoho
}gc ljo|amhtglaüo g rh|gt mh th|amat ho oxh|}tj| dgttaj| q lgcch|/ Rhtj# ºwxá ho}homhej| rjt
rgt}alarglaüo: \ao mxmg oj h| nçlac h|}h ljolhr}j ho hc wxh ho}tgo ljo|amhtglajoh| mh ma~ht|g
åomjch# rhtj fhej| jr}gmj rjt cg mhnaoalaüo hcgdjtgmg rjt Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj &4224!# wxaho |h÷gcg
wxh rgt}alargt h|; –h|}gt rth|ho}h ho# |ht rgt}h mh# |ht }jegmj ho lxho}g rjt q rgtg# ao~jcxltgt|h#
ao}ht~hoat ho# h}l/ Rgt}alargt h| aolamat# aoncxat# th|rjo|gdaca{gt|h/ Cg rgt}alarglaüo h| xo rtjlh|j wxh
hocg{g ohlh|gtageho}h g cj| |xkh}j| q cj| itxrj|0 cg rgt}alarglaüo mh gcixaho ho gcij# thcglajog g h|hxoj ljo cj| j}tj| }gedaáo ao~jcxltgmj|/ \ht rgt}alargo}h aercalg |ht ljgiho}h# ljrgt}ålarh#
ljjrhtgo}h# ljgx}jt# ljtth|rjo|gdch― &Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# 4224!/ Oj| ao}hth|g mh|}glgt mh h|}g
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 168/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7>8/ / / / / / / / /
mhnaoalaüo cg maeho|aüo thcglajogc mh cg rgt}alarglaüo g cg wxh gcxmh Iaeáoh{/ Cj| cxigth| mh
holxho}tj wxh |h ljo|}txqho ho}th cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q xo oûehtj aerjt}go}h mh rht|jog| q
ljchl}a~j|# |jo rthla|geho}h h|rglaj| mh thcglaüo q rjt hccj ljo|amhtgej| wxh |jo cxigth|
rta~achiagmj| rgtg xo hkhtlalaj ao}htgl}a~j mh holxho}tj ljo hc J}tj/
H|}j| h|rglaj| mh thcglaüo |jo oxehtj|j| q fh}htjiáohj|/ Ho cj wxh |aixh# hc chl}jt holjo}tgtç
xog mh|ltarlaüo q ~gcjtglaüo ltå}alg mh cj| wxh fhej| ~gcjtgmj ljej eç| thch~go}h|/ Ho rtaeht
cxigt# q ho xo oa~hc mh lgtçl}ht eç| aoma~amxgc# oj| gmho}tgthej| ho gwxhccj| h|rglaj| ho cj| wxh
|h ihohtgo maoçealg| mh gx}jgrjqj mataiamg| gc herjmhtgeaho}j q gx}jojeåg mh cg rht|jog/ Xo
rtjlh|j wxh ch rhtea}g gc |xkh}j ~aolxcgt|h ljo |x ljo}hv}j |jlagc rgtg mh|mh gfå rgt}alargt h
aercalgt|h ljej laxmgmgoj ljertjeh}amj/ Ho |hixomj cxigt fgthej| thnhtholag g gwxhccj|
h|rglaj| lthgmj| mh|mh ljchl}a~j| j itxrj| mh rht|jog|# gcxmahomj g cg maeho|aüo eç| ljchl}a~g/
Ho }htlht cxigt# rth|ho}gej| xo çeda}j wxa{ç| ehoj| lxamgmj ho oxh|}tj rgå| wxh h| hc wxh fglh
thnhtholag g cg rcxtgcamgm mh ljonh|ajoh| q rtçl}alg| thcaiaj|g|/ Hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j ho hc h|rglajmh cg Nxomglaüo |h fg ljo~ht}amj ljo cj| g÷j| ho oj}g lgtgl}htå|}alg mh xo h|rglaj ltx{gmj q
ljo|}txamj mh|mh ma~ht|j| |åedjcj|# ~jlh|# ehejtag| q ta}j|/ Rjt ûc}aej# oj| glhtlgthej| g xog
hvrhtaholag ljokxo}g ho}th cg JOIM Gcdjgo q cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag wxh mh|mh cg thgca{glaüo mh
gl}a~amgmh| mh exq ma~ht|j ljt}h &njteglaüo# laoh# }gcchth|# lfgtcg|# h}l/! rth}homh |ho|adaca{gt g cg
rjdcglaüo &gx}ül}jog h aoeaitgo}h! rgtg mh|mh gfå njeho}gt xog rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g q th|rjo|gdch/
Thcg}gt q |a|}heg}a{gt h|}g| hvrhtaholag| oj| rhtea}atç hv}tght xog |htah mh ljolcx|ajoh| ljo cg|
wxh wxhthej| th|gc}gt hc ~gcjt q cg aerjt}golag wxh h|}j| h|rglaj| aonjtegch| }ahoho rgtg hc
hkhtlalaj thgc mh gwxhccj wxh ccgegej| ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
4%%Mh cj| h|rglaj| rgtg cg thcglaüo mh gx}jgrjqj gc herjmhtgeaho}j rgtg cg~a|adaca{glaüo rûdcalg q rjcå}alg
Itxrj mh holxho}tj –]jtth mh Dgdhc―
Cg Nxomglaüo \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtag g }tg~á| mhc rtjitgeg mh Rgt}alarglaüo grxh|}g rjt cg
ljo|}txllaüo ljchl}a~g mh cg oxh~g laxmgmgoåg q h| ho h|}h egtlj wxh |xtih hc itxrj mh holxho}tj
–]jtth mh Dgdhc―/ H| xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj rgtg rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| q gdaht}j g rht|jog|gx}ül}jog| mjomh hvrth|gt cg| hejlajoh|%|ho}aeaho}j| q hvrhtaholag| ~aolxcgmg| gc rtjqhl}j
eaitg}jtaj# gc lfjwxh lxc}xtgc# g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q thcaiaj|g q g }heg| ~a}gch| thcglajogmj| g |x
ljomalaüo mh oxh~j| ~hlaoj| q ~hlaog| ho Da{`gag/
Cg hvrhtaholag ljchl}a~g –]jtth mh Dgdhc― }ahoh ljej nao njt}gchlht q gercagt cg thm mh grjqj |jlagc#
ljojlht cj| thlxt|j| q hc ho}jtoj# g|å ea|ej wxh |hg xo h|rglaj gitgmgdch q ngeacagt mjomh lgmg
rht|jog |h |aho}g ~gcjtgmg q ljo rj|adacamgmh| mh mgt mh|mh |x |ht# |gdht q fglht/ Cg njteg mh
}tgdgkj wxh |h x}aca{g ho hc itxrj h|}ç dg|gmg ho cg gllaüo%thnchvaüo%gllaüo q cg eh}jmjcjiåg
rgt}alarg}a~g wxh rhtea}h hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q |gdhth| q hc herjmhtgeaho}j mh cg|
rht|jog| rgt}alargo}h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 169/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 170/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7>9/ / / / / / / / /
Hc jtaiho mh cg| rht|jog| rgt}alargo}h| h| ma~ht|j/ G ljo}aoxglaüo xo egrg mh cj| cxigth| mh
rtjlhmholag
G cj cgtij mh h|}j| laolj g÷j| fgo jd}hoamj itgomh| cjitj|# fgo ~a|}j lthlht q |gcat gmhcgo}h g
exlfg| rht|jog| rhtj }gedaáo fgo ccjtgmj ljo cj| ejeho}j| manålach| wxh ch| fg }jlgmj ~a~at rjt
latlxo|}golag| q hvrhtaholag| mh iho}h mhc itxrj/ Iho}h wxh fg th}jtogmj g |x| rgå|h| rjtwxh gwxå
qg oj holjo}tgdg |gcamg|# iho}h wxh lxercaü |x h}grg eaitg}jtag q thith|g ljo cj| |xqj|# }gedaáo
fhej| ~a~amj kxo}j| cg rhtmamg mh ljerg÷htj|/ Mh|}glgej| cj wxh grjt}g hc itxrj g cg|
rht|jog| q hc grjt}h rht|jogc gc itxrj/
Wxá oj| grjt}g hc itxrj Q wxá grjt}j qj g ]jtth mh Dgdhc
/// \jcamgtamgm
/// Ljojlaeaho}j mh j}tg| rht|jog| q hvrhtaho%
lag|
/// Manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|
/// Wxhthteh eç| &gx}jh|}aeg!
///
Gchitåg/// Gea|}gm –Rho|gt wxh hc |çdgmj ~hej| g cg|
geaig| eh fglh |ho}at daho# eh mg acx|aüo―
/// Ljdakj q |hixtamgm
/// Ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag|/
/// Aonjteglaüo*jtaho}glaüo q njteglaüo/
/// Tha~aomalgt mhthlfj| ljej laxmgmgoB|/
/// Herjmhtgeaho}j# thljojlht ea |ht mh exkht
q fjedth/
/// \ho}aeaho}j mh ngeacag*Grjqj |jlagc*th|rgcmj/
/// Ljergt}at gnaoamgmh|# rtjdcheg| q |ho}aeaho}j|rgthlamj|
/// Xo h|rglaj ma|}homamj q thcgkgmj
//// ]aherj
/// Lgta÷j
/// Ljerg֌g
/// Thnchvajoh| q lgrglamgm mh cxlfg/
/// Ea lthg}a~amgm/
///
Cj wxh |jq q wxahtj |ht//// Gchitåg
/// Gqxmg q |jcamgtamgm/
/// Ea njteg mh ~ht hc exomj/
/// Ea h|lxlfg/
/// Ea| igog| mh }tgdgkgt ho hwxarj/
/// Ea jraoaüo
/// Ea lxc}xtg%ea| rcg}j|# ea ljlaog/
/// –|jej| mh manhtho}h| cxigth|# hmgmh| q
oj| ho}homhej| oj| |ho}aej| lgta÷j/―
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 171/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>6/ / / / / / / / /
Rjt ûc}aej# h|}aegej| jrjt}xoj |h÷gcgt cj| ngl}jth| wxh fgo rtjralagmj }go}j hc mh|gttjccj mhc
rtjqhl}j ljej |x |j|}hoadacamgm g cj cgtij mhc }aherj0
∔∔ Grht}xtg q ljo~a~holag ho}th iho}h mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh|# lxc}xtg| q thcaiajoh|/
∔∔Th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag| q lxamgt cj wxh oj| xoh/
∔∔Itxrj fh}htjiáohj q gdaht}j g }jmg| cg| rht|jog|; exkhth|# fjedth|# gx}ül}jog| q
eaitgmg|/
∔∔
Mhnaoat xo måg q fjtg h|}gdch mh thxoaüo% |hegogc/∔∔Thgca{gt cj| ljo}hoamj| q cg rtjitgeglaüo mh njteg rgt}alarg}a~g q mh|mh cg thgcamgm q
ohlh|amgm mh cg iho}h mhc itxrj/
∔∔Ljedaogt h|rglaj| njteg}a~j|# mh lhchdtglaüo# tha~aomalg}a~j| q mh gljiamg
aoljomalajogc/
∔∔Camhtg{ij tj}g}jtaj q ljergt}amj dg|gmj ho }gthg| ljolth}g|# ljerh}holag| q
fgdacamgmh| rht|jogch|/
∔∔Ma|rjoht mh cjlgch| ljej rxo}j mh thnhtholag/
∔∔\ht~alaj mh ixgtmhtåg rgtg gljiht q nglaca}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo mh exkhth| ljo ltag}xtg|/
∔∔Cg aerjt}golag mh cg maeho|aüo ljchl}a~g wxh gqxmg gc ljo}tg|}h mh |a}xglajoh|#
ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q ~a~holag| mgomj cxigt g aerjt}go}h| lgedaj|rht|jogch|# itxrgch| q lgedaj| mh cg ao|}a}xlajoh| aercalgmg|/
/// Ngc}g mh ljo|}golag
/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc Amajeg/
/// Ngc}g mh thlxt|j| hljoüealj| q eg}hta%
gch|
/// Ngc}g mh rxo}xgcamgm q ljertjea|j/
/// Rtj}gijoa|ej# aerj|alaüo mh amhg|/
/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh fgdacamgmh| q thlxt|j|
mh lgmg rht|jog q ljej itxrj/
/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh cg lxc}xtg mh cchigmg
/// Ljea|ajoh| tj}g}jtag| q rjt }heç}alg|
rgtg nglaca}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo |hiûo cj|}aherj| h ao}hth|h| mh cg| rht|jog|
/// H|njt{gtoj| rjt grthomht ho cg rtçl}alg#
gdtatoj| g rgt}alargt ho hc itxrj/
/// \jcamgtamgm q xoaüo ho}th oj|j}tB|/ Fglht
xo njomj ljeûo rgtg ohlh|amgmh| rxo%
}xgch|/
/// Gkx|}gt cj| fjtgtaj| q njeho}gt holxho}tj#
ljo h|rglaj| rgtg cg ljexoalglaüo &}tgdgkgt
fglag gmho}tj rgtg ljojlhtoj| eç|!/
/// Ljea|ajoh| mh }tgdgkj jtigoa{gmg| |hiûoao}hth|h|/
/// H|rglaj| mh rgt}alarglaüo ho cj| wxh
}jmB| ej|}thej| oxh|}tg| fgdacamgmh|/
Jtigoa{gt lxt|j| mh manhtho}h| }heç}alg|;
ljlaog# gt}h|goåg|# ihtag}tåg# }gcchth| ca}%
htgtaj|# aonjteç}alg# h}l/
/// Jtigoa{gt xo itxrj mh jlaj q }aherj
cadth rgtg thljttht ho itxrj cj| dgttaj| q
ljojlht cj| thlxt|j|/
Wxá manalxc}gmh| fhej| }hoamj Lüej cg| fhej| th|xhc}j
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 172/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7>1/ / / / / / / / /
Cg rtgva| mh cg| exkhth| aoeaitgo}h| ho Exkhth| mhc Exomj
Cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| q mh ao|htlaüo ho cg| oxh~g| |jlahmgmh| h|}ço |aherth ao|ht}j| ho cj wxh
mhojeaogej| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj# xog| thcglajoh| wxh dg|gmg| ho hc rjmht q cg mh|aixgcmgm grgt}at mh cg manhtholaglaüo |hvxgc fglho ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| wxh cg| exkhth| holxho}tho egqjth|
jd|}çlxcj| rgtg ~a~at maiogeho}h/ G rgt}at mh h|}g thgcamgm |h lthü ho 7111 cg thm |jcamgtag
Exomx`j Heg`xehg` “ Exkhth| mhc Exomj –Dgdhc―# xo h|nxht{j ljchl}a~j wxh oglh mh cg ~jcxo}gm
mh exkhth| cchigmg| mh ma|}ao}j| cxigth| rjt holjo}tgt|h q grjt}gt }aherj rgtg ljergt}at h
ao}htlgedagt ljojlaeaho}j| q hvrhtaholag|/
Hc jdkh}a~j rtaolargc mh cg g|jlaglaüo h| dtaomgt q ljo|}txat ho}th }jmg| xo h|rglaj mh ao}htlgedaj#
thxoaüo q thnchvaüo rgtg }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh mh|hho rtjej~ht |x| rgx}g| lxc}xtgch|# ljergt}at
|x| ljojlaeaho}j| q grthomht gcij oxh~j/ G måg mh fjq h|}ç ljerxh|}g rjt laxmgmgog| dacdgåog|#
xog| oglamg| gwxå# j}tg| ljo cgtij }aherj mh th|amholag q j}tg| thlaáo cchigmg|/ Rgtg wxahoh|glgdgo mh g}htta{gt ho h|}g laxmgm# cg g|jlaglaüo rth}homh jnht}gt xo h|rglaj mh gljiamg gdaht}j#
|aolhtj q lçcamj/ G|å# cj| ao}htlgedaj| wxh |h rtjmxlho ho h|}h h|rglaj |jo mh }jmj }arj; mh|mh
aonjteglaüo thcg}a~g g lxh|}ajoh| eg}htagch| fg|}g ao}htlgedaj mh thehmaj| j thlh}g| rg|gomj rjt
cg |jcamgtamgm q hc grjqj hejlajogc/
Hc nxolajogeaho}j ao}htoj mh cg g|jlaglaüo |h lho}tg ho cg njteglaüo mh ljea|ajoh| ho dg|h g cg|
ohlh|amgmh| mh}hl}gmg| j cg| rtjrxh|}g| h ao}hth|h| ej|}tgmj|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj fg fgdamj
ljea|ajoh| rgtg gdjtmgt cg ~ajcholag mh iáohtj# cg lhchdtglaüo q tha~aomalglaüo mhc 6 mh egt{j#
thmgl}gt xog th~a|}g# cch~gt g lgdj hkhtlalaj| mh |a|}heg}a{glaüo# h}l/ Gmheç|# |h thgca{g xo
rtjitgeg mh }gcchth| q lxt|j| mh manhtho}h| eg}htag| aergt}amj| nxomgeho}gceho}h rjt exkhth|
cchigmg| mh j}tj| rgå|h|; qjig# ehma}glaüo# ex|alj}htgrag# mgo{g jtaho}gc# }gccht mh h|lta}xtg#
}hg}tj# choixg q lxc}xtg çtgdh# kgtmaohtåg# ehmalaog gc}htog}a~g# dgach| lgtadh÷j|# h}l/
Gfjtg daho# h|}g g|jlaglaüo oj h| xo itxrj lhttgmj q g|å h|}ç gdaht}g g cg rgt}alarglaüo mh lxgcwxaht
rht|jog# gx}ül}jog j aoeaitgo}h# q mh lxgcwxaht hmgm/ Rjt |x rgt}h# cg g|jlaglaüo ljcgdjtg ljo
j}tg| g|jlaglajoh| h ao|}a}xlajoh| rgtg |ho|adaca{gt q ~a|adaca{gt hc ej~aeaho}j q lgedaj |jlagc wxh
|xrjoh cg cchigmg mh oxh~j| q oxh~g| laxmgmgoj| g cg ~accg dacdgåog/ Ho h|}g cåohg# |h hma}g xog
th~a|}g# Exkhth| mhc Exomj “ Exomx`j Heg`xehg`# mh cg wxh goxgceho}h |gcho }th| hkhercgth|/
\a gcij lgtgl}hta{g g cg cgdjt wxh mh|herh÷g h|}g g|jlaglaüo h| cg rgt}alarglaüo ho cg ma~ht|amgm# hc
h|}gdchlht thcglajoh| mh rtjvaeamgm q gljerg÷geaho}j ho}th }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh# mh h|}h
ejmj# ljo|}txqho Exkhth| mhc Exomj/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fg gdjtmgmj |aherth ho hc
|hoj mh cg g|jlaglaüo ljej xo fjta{jo}h wxh gclgo{gt ljo|amhtgomj wxh rgtg hccj cg njteg mh
jtigoa{glaüo wxh |h gmjr}h h| nxomgeho}gc/ Ljo h|}h egtlj# |aherth |h fg }tgdgkgmj ho g|gedchg
q |jdth xog| thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht fjta{jo}gc dg|gmg| ho cg thlartjlamgm q ho cg aixgcmgm/ Rgtg hccj
|h }tgdgkg ho dg|h g xo eá}jmj rgt}alarg}a~j mjomh |h ho}ahomh wxh hva|}ho exlfg| njteg| mh
camhtg{ij wxh# chkj| mh ihohtgt ljerh}holag q ta~gcamgm ho}th cg| rht|jog| wxh gl}ûgo# fg
rtjej~amj xog tawxh{g mh aoalag}a~g| q xo h|råta}x ljeûo mh ljcgdjtglaüo/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 173/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/792/ / / / / / / / /
Rj|adaca}gt xog| thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg g|jlaglaüo rg|g rjt ihohtgt maoçealg| ho
cg| wxh |h rj}holah cg lgrglamgm mh ao}htgl}xgt q ljexoalgt|h# h|j |å# ho xo egtlj wxh oj caea}g cg
h|lxlfg rjtwxh wxahoh| h|}ço glj|}xedtgmg| g fgdcgt glj}go |x ma|lxt|j mgomj rjlg lgdamg gc
rtj}gijoa|ej/ Cg h|lxlfg h| xog gl}a}xm mh grht}xtg gc J}tj wxh |h mhta~g mh cg| rtjrag|ao}htgllajoh|# grthoma{gkh| q gnhl}j| wxh |h lthgo ho hc egtlj mh cg| hvrhtaholag| q rtjqhl}j|
ljergt}amj|/ \h egoanah|}g rjt }go}j gwxå cg aerjt}golag mh cg maeho|aüo ljexoalg}a~g g cg fjtg mh
}hkht thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}g maeho|aüo ljdtg |ao mxmg xog aerjt}golag nxomgeho}gc
ho h|rglaj| rhwxh÷j| q cjlgch| ljej á|}h/ G|å mh oxh~j# grgthlh cg aerjt}golag wxh cj| h|rglaj|
aonjtegch| }ahoho ho cg ehmamg ho wxh ng~jthlho hc holxho}tj# hc ljo}gl}j q cg ljexoalglaüo ljo hc
J}tj g }tg~á| mh thcglajoh| dg|gmg| ho hc ao}htlgedaj q# exlfg| ~hlh|# cg gnhl}a~amgm/
Cg| rtçl}alg| q hvrhtaholag| mh }jmg| cg| exkhth| wxh lthgo q ljonjtego h|}h h|rglaj exh|}tgo
wxh cg g|jlaglaüo |h fg ljo~ht}amj ho xo ehmaj wxh rj|adaca}g wxh cj| ao}hth|h| rht|jogch|#
ma~ht|j| q fh}htjiáohj|# q cj| itxrgch| |hgo ljergt}amj|/ Hc ljojlaeaho}j q thljojlaeaho}j mh cgfa|}jtag ~a}gc mhc J}tj ~aolxcgo cg lj}amagohamgm mh cg| rht|jog| ljo cg thgcamgm eç| icjdgc ljo cg
lxgc |h gt}alxcg ljo cj wxh |h |xrhtgo ~a|ajoh| h|}hthj}argmg| q ~glåg| mh ljo}hoamj mh cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm g ng~jt mh cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g/
Kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| ho ^a{lgqg ljo|jtlagmj| ho hc Rtjqhl}j
–Fheho― Hvrhtaholag mh thcglaüo q holxho}tj kx~hoac ao}htlxc}xtgc
Hc Rtjitgeg Fheho h| xo h|rglaj mh gljerg÷geaho}j g cj| kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| wxh
|gcho mh cj| lho}tj| mh ehojth| mh ^a{lgqg gc lxercat |x egqjtåg mh hmgm# ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh grjqgt
|x }tgo|alaüo g cg ~amg |jlagc gmxc}g/ \h }tg}g mh xo ljo|jtlaj ho}th ho}amgmh| |jlagch| &Lgta}g|# Lhgt
Hx|`gma# Hccglxtag# Fgttadamh# A{goiga q Rh÷g|lgc! q cj| rtjraj| kü~hoh| wxh rgt}h mh cg| rtjrag|
lgrglamgmh| q rj}holagcamgmh| |jlagch|# njteg}a~g|# ao}htlxc}xtgch| q mh rgt}alarglaüo mh h|}j| kü~hoh|
ho cg |jlahmgm ~a{lgåog mh cg wxh njtego/ Hc Rtjitgeg# g }tg~á| mh |x| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g|# }tg}g mh
h~a}gt wxh h|}h ljchl}a~j wxhmh ao~a|adaca{gmj q h|}aieg}a{gmj/ G|å# }tg}g mh ~gcjtgt rj|a}a~geho}h cg
nxht{g mh |x rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj q ~a}gc# q |x| lgrglamgmh| kx~hoach| wxh |jo g cg ~h{ |jlagch|#
njteg}a~g| j cgdjtgch|# rhtj }gedaáo lxc}xtgch|# ao}htlxc}xtgch| j rjcå}alg|/
Ho h|}h ljo}hv}j hc ljchl}a~j mh kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| mh|gttjccg }jmj| cj| g÷j|manhtho}h| hvrhtaholag| mh holxho}tj ljo j}tj| kü~hoh| wxh rht}hohlho g ao|}a}xlajoh| mh
hmxlglaüo njtegc q oj njtegc mhc ho}jtoj/ \h }tg}g mh |xrhtgt cg dthlfg wxh |h ihohtg rjt hc
mh|ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj ho}th cj| kü~hoh|0 xog ntjo}htg mhdamg g xo rtjlh|j mh ixh}analglaüo mhc
h|rglaj kx~hoac &hc oj ljergt}at h|rglaj| rûdcalj| mh |jlagca{glaüo q mh thcglaüo!/ G}tg~h|gt h|}g
ntjo}htg |xrjoh ljo}tg|}gt cj| aegiaogtaj| mh gedj| ljchl}a~j| kx~hoach|# h|}hthj}argmj| exlfg|
~hlh| rjt cj| ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo |jlagc/ Cg rtjrxh|}g wxh |h mh|gttjccg mh|mh fglh qg }th|
g÷j| h| ihohtgt holxho}tj|# rgx}gmj| rhtj g cg ~h{ exq gx}jih|}ajogmj|# ho}th h|}j| ljchl}a~j|
mh kü~hoh| manhtho}h| ho jtaiho# lxc}xtg q thcaiaüo# njteglaüo q hvrhtaholag ~a}gc# rhtj |jdth }jmj
manhtho}h| ho hc h|rglaj |jlagc wxh jlxrgo/ \ao hedgtij# g rh|gt mh cg| manhtholag|# hc holxho}tj |h
rcgo}hg mh|mh hc áong|a| ho cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh ljergt}ho; |jo gmjch|lho}h| ho dû|wxhmg#rtj}gijoa|}g| mh |x rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j q ~a}gc# ljo xog amho}amgm ho ljo|}txllaüo/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 174/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 797/ / / / / / / / /
Hc jdkh}a~j |aherth h| hc goçca|a| q |xrhtglaüo mh cj| rthkxalaj| q dgtthtg| |jlagch| q lxc}xtgch| wxh
ljmanalgo |x| aegiaogtaj| kx~hoach|/ H|}j| holxho}tj| ihohtgo |aherth# gmheç| mh th|xc}gmj|
aoma~amxgch| q itxrgch| rgtg cj| rgt}alargo}h|# xog rtjrxh|}g mh |ho|adaca{glaüo ho hc ho}jtoj ho
njteg mh eg}htagch| gxmaj~a|xgch|# rhwxh÷g| lgerg÷g| j rhwxh÷g| hvrhtaholag| mh ej~aca{glaüo|jlagc ljokxo}g# ljo |x| rgt}alargo}h| ljej rtj}gijoa|}g|/ Cj| rtaolargch| cjitj| mh h|}j|
holxho}tj| kx~hoach| ao}htlxc}xtgch| fgo |amj q h|}ço |ahomj;
∔∔Hc gdjtmgkh |aolhtj q gx}ho}alj mh cg cüialg mhc rthkxalaj q |x| maeho|ajoh| h|}txl}xtgch|#
|jlagch|# lxc}xtgch| q ljexoa}gtag|/
∔∔Hc ljo}tg|}h mhc mh|gttjccj kx~hoac mh dû|wxhmg mh cg amho}amgm rtjrag ho xo ljo}hv}j
exc}alxc}xtgc# h|rhlagceho}h ho}th xog maeho|aüo mh ljo|}txllaüo rht|jogc mh
amho}amgmh| eûc}arch| q xog maoçealg |jlagc ljo}hv}xgc mh hvlcx|aüo mh cg manhtholag/
∔∔Cg| rgt}alargo}h| hvrhtaeho}go }gedaáo xo rtjlh|j mh eaca}golag |jlagc ho lgx|g|
kx~hoach| –kx|}g|― ljergt}amg|# ljej |jo cg }jchtgolag# hc ~gcjt rj|a}a~j mh cg ma~ht|amgm#cg ohlh|amgm mh holjo}tgt oxh~g| egohtg| mh rgt}alarglaüo |jlagc# h}l/ wxh rjoho
fjta{jo}h| ljexoh| g ljchl}a~j| lxqg ma~ht|amgm h|}gdg |ahomj ih|}ajogmg fg|}g
ho}jolh| ho xo lümaij lhttgmj ex}xj/
∔∔Cj| kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| }ahoho cg hvrhtaholag mh |ht rjt}g~jlh| mh |x
rtjrag ~a~holag q fgo tha~aomalgmj# ljo maioamgm q thljojlaeaho}j# |x h|rglaj mh
rgt}alarglaüo q grjt}h |jlagc/
∔∔Cj| kü~hoh| fgo mh|lxdaht}j |x rgt}alarglaüo ho cg cüialg mh cj| rthkxalaj| q cg hvlcx|aüo
ho |x ho}jtoj gmjch|lho}h q |h |aho}ho rtj}gijoa|}g| mh cg ljo|}txllaüo ho |x ljo}hv}j
mh xog |jlahmgm eç| ao}hitgmjtg# eç| aolcx|a~g/
∔∔ Gedj| ljchl}a~j| fgo jlxrgmj h|rglaj| |jlagch| gmxc}j|; fgo |amj rtj}gijoa|}g| mh
gllajoh| mh |ho|adaca{glaüo ho çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| njtegch| q oj njtegch| mh a{lgqg/
Cg| ho}amgmh| |jlagch| wxh njtegej| rgt}h mhc ljo|jtlaj –Fheho― fhej| thljojlamj# g }tg~á| mh
h|}g| hvrhtaholag|;
∔∔Cg lgrglamgm mh cj| kü~hoh| mh ljertjea|j rht|jogc q itxrgc ho h|rglaj| mjomh
rxhmho q mhdh ih|}ajogt th|rjo|gdcheho}h cg ma~ht|amgm &lxc}xtgc# |jlagc# ngeacagt# h}l/!/
∔∔Fhej| rhtmamj hc eahmj g xog ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g gdaht}g ho cg wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh|
rxhmho lgedagt# ejmanalgt|h j gercagt|h ho nxolaüo mhc rtjlh|j wxh ~go ~a~ahomj cj| kü~hoh| rgt}alargo}h|/
∔∔Thljojlhej| wxh cg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| kx~hoach| mh|gttjccgmg| ho ljo}hv}j| exq
ma~ht|j| mh jlaj# ao|}a}xlajogch| q ~a}gch| }ahoho# kx|}geho}h rjt h|g ma~ht|amgm# exlfj|
rxo}j| mh rgcgolg rgtg g~go{gt mh|mh xog |a}xglaüo mh ngl}j wxh rjmtågej| mhojeaogt
exc}alxc}xtgc fglag j}tg lgtgl}hta{gmg rjt cg ljexoalglaüo h ao}htgllaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
∔∔H|}g hvrhtaholag oj| ao~a}g g thnchvajogt |jdth hc honjwxh xoamathllajogc mh exlfg| mh
oxh|}tg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| q |jlagch| qg wxh |xiahth rj|adacamgmh| oxh~g| rgtg
rtjrjoht thcglajoh| eç| |aeá}talg| h aolcx|a~g| ho hc çeda}j mh oxh|}tg| ao}ht~holajoh|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 175/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/794/ / / / / / / / /
<%% G|jlaglajoh| q H|rglaj| Ljexoa}gtaj|; ºh|rglaj| mh fjq gdaht}j| g cglaxmgmgoåg mhc eg÷gog:
Cg GERG mh cg H|lxhcg mh Xtadgtta ho Dacdgj
Mxtgo}h cj| ûc}aej| lxg}tj g÷j| |h fg ~hoamj mh|gttjccgomj ho xog mh cg| h|lxhcg| rûdcalg| mh
Dacdgj cg aoalag}a~g –Oxh~j| Rgmth| ho cg H|lxhcg―/ Cg cchigmg mh rjdcglaüo mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho
cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| fg }tgo|njtegmj cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh h|}h lho}tj/ Ljertjeh}amg ljo cg
thgcamgm mh cg h|lxhcg# q herh÷gmg ho cg dû|wxhmg mh xog ehkjt lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g rûdcalg#
hc GERG &G|jlaglaüo mh Egmth| q Rgmth|! }tgdgkg ljo~holamg mh wxh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| xo
grjt}h rj|a}a~j rgtg oxh|}tg h|lxhcg# q wxh h| ohlh|gtaj dx|lgt ehmaj| rgtg cjitgt hc áva}j h|ljcgt
mh }jmj hc gcxeogmj/ Ho cj wxh |aixh ~gej| g thcg}gt h|}g hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj q h|nxht{j
ljchl}a~j ljo cg ea|eg ljo~allaüo mhc ~gcjt mh cg ma~ht|amgm rgtg h|}g h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm wxhh|}gej| ljo|}txqhomj ho}th }jmj|/
Cg| aowxah}xmh| aoalagch| mh h|}h itxrj mh egmth| q rgmth|# |xtih g rgt}at mhc gxeho}j mhc
gcxeogmj mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ho ch lho}tj0 xog |a}xglaüo wxh |h ~hoåg thia|}tgomj ho h|}h ljchiaj
mh|mh hc g÷j 4224# ejeho}j ho hc wxh herh{ü g rhtladat|h hc gxeho}j mh ngeacag| mh jtaiho
hv}tgljexoa}gtaj ho cg ~amg mhc dgttaj/ Grgtho}heho}h# h|}g }tgo|njteglaüo oj ihohtgdg ljoncal}j|/
\ao hedgtij# ho}th cj| ljeho}gtaj| aonjtegch| wxh }ahoho cxigt –ho cg rcg{g―# |h rxmj thljiht
laht}g rthjlxrglaüo rjt gcixog| mh cg| egmth| ho lxgo}j gc lthlaeaho}j mh gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj0
xog rthjlxrglaüo wxh gmheç| mh ~håg thnjt{gmg rjt cj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|/ Go}h h|}g
thgcamgm# mho}tj mhc itxrj mhc GERG# gcixog| egmth| ljeho{gtjo g thxoat|h ho hc g÷j 4229 rgtg
rho|gt |a |h rjmåg jtigoa{gt gcixog gl}a~amgm mh gljiamg rgtg cg| oxh~g| ngeacag| wxh cchigdgo gc
ljchiaj/ \h }tg}gdg mh wxh nxhtgo thladamj| ho cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt rjt j}tj| rgmth| q h|}thlfgt
cg{j| ho}th ngeacag|# ng~jthlahomj g|å cg ao}hitglaüo ho cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt/
\h dx|lü grjqj mho}tj mhc lcgx|}tj mjlho}h# h aoalagceho}h |h holjo}tü ho cg rtjnh|jtg mh
Thnxht{j Caoióå|}alj ho hx|`htg# wxh ho h|h ejeho}j |h ~håg mh|djtmgmg rjt cg| mhegomg| mh
cg| ngeacag| mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj|# |jdth }jmj# mh cg| ngeacag| hv}tgljexoa}gtag|/
Ho cj| ljeaho{j| |xtiahtjo manalxc}gmh| rgtg xo }tgdgkj ljeûo ho}th ngeacag| q rtjnh|jth|# mgmjwxh mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g mh cg Mathllaüo mh cg h|lxhcg oj |h ljo|amhtgdg ohlh|gtag cg ao}ht~holaüo
mh|mh hc lcgx|}tj/ Hc ma|lxt|j iatgdg ho }jtoj g cg amhg mhc aixgc }tg}j g }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| mhc
lho}tj# aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x jtaiho# rhtj |ao hedgtij htgo rg}ho}h| cj| rthkxalaj| aoalagch|
mhc rtjnh|jtgmj wxh ~hågo gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljej –rtjdcheg― g cg rgt wxh |xtiågo eahmj| g
cg rj|adch ixh}a{glaüo mhc lho}tj q cg ma|eaoxlaüo mhc }tgdgkj q cj| áva}j| h|ljcgth|/
\ahomj ljo|laho}h| mh wxh |h h|}gdg rcgo}hgomj xog aoalag}a~g }j}gceho}h oj~hmj|g ho hc ljchiaj#
|h ljo|}a}xqü cg ljea|aüo mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mho}tj mhc GERG# mh|mh mjomh |h ao}ho}ü ljo~jlgt g
}jmj| cj| rgmth| mh h|}g| oxh~g| ngeacag| &oj |ücj cj| hv}tgokhtj|# }gedaáo cj| wxh cchigdgo ljo
|x| fakj| g cg |gcg mh 4 g÷j|# q g cj| wxh ~hoågo mh j}tg| {jog| nxhtg mhc Rgå| g|lj# ho |x |a}xglaüomh oxh~j| rgmth| ho cg ljexoamgm!/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 176/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 177/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/79=/ / / / / / / / /
ljergt}amj aonjteglaüo# |h fgo rtjrxh|}j g|rhl}j| ho thcglaüo g cj| h|rglaj| lhmamj| h}l/
aoalagomj g|å xog rhwxh÷g hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj ho thm/
Hc rtjqhl}j }ahoh ljej jdkh}a~j cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo h|rglaj ljokxo}j wxh ~gqg eç| gccç mhoxh|}tg| thgcamgmh| rgt}alxcgth|# ihohtgomj xog rtjrxh|}g ljchl}a~g wxh th|rjomg g cj| ao}hth|h|
mh }jmj|# q wxh oj| rhtea}g thljojlhtoj| ljej giho}h| gl}a~j|# ljtth|rjo|gch| h
ao}htljohl}gmj| ho cg lthglaüo mh xog oxh~g |jlahmgm# |xrhtgomj oxh|}tg| h|rhlanalamgmh| ho cg
dû|wxhmg mh xog thgcamgm eç| rcxtgc q talg/
Hc rtjqhl}j |h ljolth}g g rgt}at mh cg grjt}glaüo mh 42 ₣ eho|xgch| thgca{gmg rjt lgmg xog mh cg|
ho}amgmh| g xo njomj ljeûo rgtg naogolagt xo rtjqhl}j ljokxo}j0 q mh cg lthglaüo mh h|rglaj|
g|gedchgtaj| xog| }th| j lxg}tj ~hlh| gc g÷j/
]tg| mj| g÷j| |ao ljo|hixat mhnaoat xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo# ho 4221# g }tg~á| mh cg g|gedchg mh cg|g|jlaglajoh|# |h mhlamaü gcwxacgt xo cjlgc wxh nxh|h ih|}ajogmj gx}üojegeho}h rjt cg| rtjrag|
g|jlaglajoh|/ Mh|mh h|}h rtjlh|j |h }tg}gdg mh nglaca}gt q }tgdgkgt cg lgrglamgm mh gx}jojeåg mh
cg| rtjrag| g|jlaglajoh| ho |x thcglaüo ljo Hccglxtåg/ \h rj|adaca}gdg hc gllh|j g xo gcwxacht wxh mh
njteg aoma~amxgc oj htg ~agdch q xog ljih|}aüo grjqgmg rjt cg Nxomglaüo wxh |at~ah|h mh
grthoma{gkh q herjmhtgeaho}j/ Gmheç|# |xrjoåg xo }thehomj rj}holagc rgtg hc mh|gttjccj mh
gl}a~amgmh| ljokxo}g|# hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# lthglaüo mh thmh|# h}l/
Cg| jolh g|jlaglajoh| mh aoeaitgo}h| wxh njtego rgt}h mh h|}h ljo|jtlaj ho 4277 |jo cg|; G|jlaglaüo
Ljoijch÷g rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho Hx|`gma “ CAEHEAG # G|jlaglaüo Xoaüo mh Egtnach÷j| mh Da{`gag
Lxc}xtgc q rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm# G|jlaglaüo g|ljgoijch÷g mh Ljjrhtglaüo gc Mh|gttjccj# cg Lxc}xtg q
cg Gea|}gm “ G^GLJ# G|jlaglaüo Gtiho}aog ho hc Rgå| g|lj “ GT^G\# G|jlaglaüo GH\LJ Geátalg
H|rg÷g \jcamgtag Ljjrhtglaüo# G|jlaglaüo Lho}tj Lxc}xtgc Lfachoj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# Maç|rjtg \gfgtgxa
ho Da{`gag “ MA\GDA# G|jlaglaüo rgtg hc Mh|gttjccj Ao}hitgc Xoahomj Lxc}xtg| “ G\MAXL# G|jlaglaüo
Lxc}xtgc Jomg Hx|`gma# G|jlaglaüo mh Lgehtxoh|h|*g| ho Da{`gag “ GLGDA[ q G|jlaglaüo mh cj|
Aoeaitgo}h| Rg`a|}goåh| –RG@% a{lgqg―/
H|}h g÷j 4277# gmheç| mh ego}hoht cg jnht}g mh lgtg g cg| mhegomgmg| q ohlh|amgmh| mh h|rglaj
mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|# ao}ho}gej| g }tg~á| mhc rtjqhl}j –Kjtogmg| mh Ao}htlgedaj mh
Hvrhtaholag| G|jlag}a~g| mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g Ao}htlxc}xtgc― lgogca{gt cg lthlaho}h aowxah}xmho thcglaüo g cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh rgt}ahomj mh cg| hvrhtaholag| wxh lgmg ho}amgm fg
}hoamj ho thcglaüo g manhtho}h| }heg| ~aolxcgmj| gc mh|gttjccj g|jlag}a~j/
Cg tg{üo mh h|}h rtjqhl}j th|amh ho ~gcamgt cg| }tgqhl}jtag| g|jlag}a~g| ljej hvrhtaholag| wxh
rtjralago q ihohtgo grthoma{gkh ho hc egtlj mh xog| kjtogmg| ma|h÷gmg| ljo h|}g naogcamgm/ G rgt}at
mh gwxå# |h hcgdjtg xo mjlxeho}j naogc ho cg cåohg mh xo –rhwxh÷j egoxgc mh dxhog| rtçl}alg|― ho
cj| manhtho}h| çeda}j| ho cj| wxh cg| g|jlaglajoh| rth~ageho}h fgo ej|}tgmj xog h|rhlagc
rthjlxrglaüo j manalxc}gm ho |x mh|gttjccj j ih|}aüo/
Oj| rgthlh mh h|rhlagc aerjt}golag grtj~hlfgt cg rth|holag mh manhtho}h| thgcamgmh| |jlaj%lxc}xtgch| ho cj| }gcchth|/ Oj |h }tg}g }go}j mh fglht áong|a| ho cg| manhtholag| wxh exh|}tgo cg|
rht|jog| wxh ljerjoho cg| g|jlaglajoh|# |aoj eç| daho mh rtjralagt xo maçcjij wxh |xtkg mh|mh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 178/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 798/ / / / / / / / /
hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg |aoixcgtamgm mh lgmg xog mh hccg| rhtj mataiamj g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo
h|rglaj ljeûo q ljergt}amj/
Cg| ho}amgmh| wxh ao}hitgo Lxc}xtg| Xoamg|%@xc}xt Dg}xg` }ahoho laht}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh ch|rhtea}ho njtegt rgt}h mh h|}h rtjqhl}j mh njt}gchlaeaho}j;
∔∔]jmg| cg| g|jlaglajoh| }ahoho |x çeda}j mh gl}xglaüo ho Da{`gag# |jdth }jmj Dacdgj#
ljo gcixog gl}a~amgm ho cjlgcamgmh| lhtlgog|/
∔∔\jo ho}amgmh| mh thlaho}h ljo|}a}xlaüo# j gxowxh }hoigo egqjt go}aióhmgm# |h
holxho}tgo ho xo h|rhlagc ejeho}j ho cg ~amg g|jlag}a~g wxh fglh wxh ohlh|a}ho mh xo
grjqj lhtlgoj/
∔∔Thnchkgo gcixog| manalxc}gmh| g cg fjtg mh ih|}ajogt cg ~amg ao}htog mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|;
ohlh|amgm mh grjqj ho manhtho}h| çthg| &ljo}gdch# mh |hlth}gtåg# mh thcglaüo ljo cg|
gmeaoa|}tglajoh|# h}l!/∔∔]ahoho ohlh|amgm mh xo h|rglaj nå|alj mh nxolajogeaho}j; |hmh g|jlag}a~g#
jtmhogmjth|# h|rglaj| mh gl}a~amgmh|# h}l/
∔∔Thwxahtho jtaho}glaüo q grjqj g cg fjtg mh ih|}ajogt cg dg|h |jlagc# ljo|jcamglaüo#
njteglaüo# gljerg÷geaho}j ho cg jtigoa{glaüo mh thxoajoh|# h}l/
∔∔Egoanah|}go xo lcgtj ao}htá| rjt rj}holagt hc }tgdgkj ho thm ljo g|jlaglajoh| mh rhtnac
|aeacgt# rgtg ihohtgt xo }tgdgkj ljeûo ho}th ho}amgmh|/
∔∔\jo ljo|laho}h| mh cg aerjt}golag mhc njt}gchlaeaho}j mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|# q hc
herjmhtgeaho}j mh cg| rht|jog| wxh cg| ih|}ajogo# mh egohtg wxh hc rg|j rjt Lxc}xtg|
Xoamg| |hg xo aerxc|j rgtg thgca{gt hvrhtaholag| mh }tgdgkj g|jlag}a~j aomhrhomaho}h/
=%% ºKxo}j| rhtj oj th~xhc}j|: H|rglaj| |jlagch| rgtg hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j
Qg fhej| mh|}glgmj ho cg ao}tjmxllaüo cg aerjt}golag mhc g|rhl}j thcaiaj|j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/
Wxa{ç| fg |amj hc g|rhl}j thcaiaj|j xoj mh cj| wxh# ho xog |jlahmgm wxh fg |xntamj xo tçramj
rtjlh|j mh |hlxcgta{glaüo# fg ehthlamj ehojt g}holaüo/ \ao hedgtij# hc hcheho}j thcaiaj|j h|
nxomgeho}gc ho exlfg| mh cg| lxc}xtg| gl}xgch| ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh h|}txl}xtgo q mj}go mh
|aioanalgmj g exlfg| mh cg| rtçl}alg| q lj|}xedth| wxh gcixoj| mh |x| eahedtj| cch~go g lgdj/Rjt j}tg rgt}h# cg thcaiaj|amgm ljerjoh xo g|rhl}j }tg|lhomho}gc mhc rtjqhl}j mh ~amg mh }jmg
rht|jog q# ho h|}h |ho}amj# wxhmg thljojlamj ljej xo mhthlfj dç|alj ho hc gt}ålxcj 7>/
Cj| ljchl}a~j| thcaiaj|j| wxh njtego exlfg| mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| wxh ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j|
fgo cchigmj g oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# fgo ej|}tgmj q |jcala}gmj }jmg xog |htah mh mhegomg| ho hc
h|rglaj rûdcalj ej}a~gmg| rjt cg ngc}g mh h|rglaj| rgtg hc lxc}j q cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh |x nh# cg|
manalxc}gmh| mh ljerg}adaca{gt cg lhchdtglaüo mh |x| nah|}g| eç| aerjt}go}h| ljo oxh|}tj
lgchomgtaj# cg rj|adacamgm mh ao}tjmxlat ~gtaglajoh| ho cj| ehoû| mh ljchiaj| q fj|ra}gch|# h}l/
Gcixog| mh h|}g| lgtholag| cch~go g manhtho}h| itxrj| g glhtlgt|h g cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q mh|mh
á|}g |h grxh|}g rjt nglaca}gt q lthgt h|rglaj| wxh rhtea}go oj |ücj hc hkhtlalaj mh cg h|rata}xgcamgmthcaiaj|g |aoj }gedaáo wxh gdtgo cg rj|adacamgm mhc holxho}tj q hc ljo}gl}j ho}th manhtho}h|
}tgmalajoh| thcaiaj|g|/ Rtjej~ht hc maçcjij q hc ljojlaeaho}j ho}th rht|jog| ljo manhtho}h|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 179/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/79>/ / / / / / / / /
|ho|adacamgmh| q hvrhtaholag| thcaiaj|g| |h ljo|}a}xqh g|å ho xo hkh lcg~h rgtg |xrhtgt cg| ntjo}htg|
wxh cg aiojtgolag q cg aoljexoalglaüo ch~go}go/
Mh|mh gwxå# |jo }th| cg| hvrhtaholag| ho cg| wxh wxhthej| rtjnxoma{gt; hc itxrj MAGT &MaçcjijAo}htthcaiaj|j# Glhr}glaüo q Th|rh}j!# cg h|lxhcg mh cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog# cg Ljntgmåg
|hohigch|g \xdxcx \gcge q hc itxrj mh egmth| q rgmth| ex|xcegoh| mh cg G|jlaglaüo Jomg
Hx|`gma/ H|}g| hvrhtaholag| |h hoegtlgo ho cg cåohg mh }tgdgkj wxh cg Nxomglaüo mh|gttjccg ljo hc
jdkh}a~j mh rtjej~ht ~gcjth|# jnthlht h|rglaj| q ihohtgt hvrhtaholag| wxh ~a|adacalho q ~gcjtalho hc
rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# nglaca}gomj hc maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j/
Hc itxrj MAGT h| ho thgcamgm xog eh|g mh lgtçl}ht ao}htthcaiaj|j wxh }tg}g mh mgt th|rxh|}g g cg
lgmg ~h{ egqjt ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g wxh oxh|}tg |jlahmgm rth|ho}g/ \h }tg}g mh xog aoalag}a~g wxh
|xtih ho cg Nxomglaüo ho hc g÷j 4229 q wxh }tg}g mh rjoht ho ~gcjt xog |htah mh rtaolaraj| j dxhog|
rtçl}alg|; xog gl}a}xm gdaht}g# hc maçcjij# cg glhr}glaüo q th|rh}j mhc j}tj manhtho}h# h}l/ Ho h|}geh|g rgt}alargo rht|jog| ex|xcegog| mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| &Egcå# Egttxhlj|# Rgå| ^g|lj!#
lta|}agoj| mh manhtho}h jtaho}glaüo q# ho jlg|ajoh|# dxma|}g|# faomûh|# rtj}h|}go}h| q kxmåj|
gmheç| mh gioü|}alj|/ G rh|gt mh wxh cg ao}htgllaüo q hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag|# rtçl}alg| q
manhtho}h| lj|ej~a|ajoh| oj fg |amj aixgc j oj fg }hoamj cg ea|eg ao}ho|amgm ho}th }jmj| cj|
itxrj|# rjmhej| ~gcjtgt h|}g hvrhtaholag ljej rj|a}a~g q hotawxhlhmjtg ho cg ehmamg ho wxh fg
rtj~jlgmj xo ho}homaeaho}j ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj mh|mh hc wxh ljo|}txat xo fjta{jo}h mh nx}xtj/ G
tgå{ mh h|}g| hvrhtaholag|# |h lhchdtgo mh|mh hc 4221 xog| Kjtogmg| Ao}htthcaiaj|g| ho cg| wxh |h
ihohtgo h|rglaj| }go}j mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j }hütalj ljej mh|mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| ~a~holagch|/
Fgq wxh |xdtgqgt cg aerjt}golag mh h|}g| Kjtogmg| wxh fgo rhtea}amj cch~gt gc h|rglaj rûdcalj mh
cg laxmgmgoåg ho Dacdgj cg lxh|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g# xo g|rhl}j wxh# ljej qg fhej|
|h÷gcgmj# wxa{ç| |h }tgdgkg ehoj| rhtj wxh |ao hedgtij }ahoh xo nxht}h aergl}j ho cg njteglaüo
mh cj| eahmj| q h|}hthj}arj|/ Mh h|}h ejmj# cg| Kjtogmg| |h ljo~aht}ho ho nxho}h mh ljojlaeaho}j
h ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| ~a}gch|/
Ho hc lg|j mh cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog cg| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h fgo thgca{gmj g cj cgtij mh cj|
ûc}aej| lxg}tj g÷j|# |h fgo mh|gttjccgmj ho }jtoj g nglaca}gt cg hmxlglaüo thcaiaj|g q hc ljojlaeaho}j
mh Txegoag &amajeg# fa|}jtag# lj|}xedth|# h}l/! rgtg cj| ehojth| mh cg| ngeacag| txegog|/ Rjt j}tg
rgt}h# cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog |h fg ljo~ht}amj ho xo thnhtho}h rgtg cg rtjrag ljexoamgm
txegog ho hc Rgå| ^g|lj/ G|å# ho cg| ûc}aeg| hchllajoh| exoalargch| |h cch~j g lgdj xog txhmg mhrtho|g ho Gttxrh H}vhg ljo jdkh}j mh mgt g ljojlht g cg ljexoamgm txegog |x rj|adacamgm mh hkhtlht
hc mhthlfj mh |xntgiaj gl}a~j &hea}at hc ~j}j! q hc |xntgiaj rg|a~j &rth|ho}gt|h ho cg| ca|}g| mh
lgomamg}j|!/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# |h mh|ltadåg hc rtjlhmaeaho}j mh ao|ltarlaüo ho hc lho|j hchl}jtgc q |h
goaegdg g cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| ~hlaoj| txegoj| ho h|}g ljo~jlg}jtag hchl}jtgc/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj#
~hej| lüej hc h|rglaj wxh |h ljo|}txqh mh|mh cg thcaiaj|amgm ihohtg ma|lxt|j| q rtçl}alg| wxh
grxo}go g cg rgt}alarglaüo q hc hkhtlalaj mh cg laxmgmgoåg ho hc h|rglaj rûdcalj/
Cg ljexoamgm ex|xcegog |hohigch|g# wxh rht}hohlh g cg Ljntgmåg Ejxtamah# cch~g g lgdj ho cj|
h|rglaj| mh cg Nxomglaüo manhtho}h| gl}a~amgmh| ljej lhchdtgt hc lxc}j# thgca{gt lcg|h| mh çtgdh# q
nh|}hkgt cg| nhlfg| thcaiaj|g| |h÷gcgmg| rgtg h|}g ljexoamgm/ Rthla|geho}h# fgo |amj h|}j| ûc}aej|h|rglaj| mh lgtçl}ht nh|}a~j cj| wxh fgo ljo|}a}xamj xo cxigt mh holxho}tj ho}th manhtho}h|
lthholag| q rtçl}alg|/ Cg ljexoamgm ex|xcegog gdth h|}j| h|rglaj| g cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc ljo
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 180/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 799/ / / / / / / / /
jdkh}j mh ~a|adaca{gt q mgt g ljojlht xog }tgmalaüo thcaiaj|g rhtj }gedaáo |jlagc q lxc}xtgc/ Ljergt}at
h|}j| h|rglaj| |h ljo~aht}h g|å ho xog jrjt}xoamgm rgtg h|}gdchlht rxho}h|# tjerht h|}hthj}arj| q
njeho}gt cg| thcglajoh| ao}htrht|jogch| q ljchl}a~g|/
G }tg~á| mh cg G|jlaglaüo Jomg Hx|`gma |h fgo lhmamj h|rglaj| rgtg cg ho|h÷go{g mhc çtgdh#
lcg|h| ho rtaolaraj gdaht}g| g }jmj hc rûdcalj/ Mh|mh h|}g gl}a~amgm ljolth}g |h fgo ao}ho}gmj
ihohtgt maoçealg| rgtg h|}gdchlht rxo}j| mh holxho}tj ho}th cg| rht|jog| wxh glxmho g cg|
lcg|h|# ho rgt}alxcgt cj| rgmth| q egmth| wxh gljerg÷go g |x| fakj|# wxh ~gqgo eç| gccç mh cg
ho|h÷go{g mhc amajeg q wxh ao~jcxltho g j}tg| rht|jog| mhc lho}tj/ \ao hedgtij# h|}j| holxho}tj|
oj fgo glgdgmj mh eg}htagca{gt|h cj wxh oj| cch~g g cg |aixaho}h thnchvaüo/ G rh|gt mh wxh cg
Nxomglaüo mh|gttjccg q hcgdjtg rtjrxh|}g| rgt}ahomj |aherth mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j j mh|mh
xog| rthea|g| mh ljt}h ao}htlxc}xtgc# h|}g hvrhtaholag oj| fg |ht~amj }gedaáo rgtg ljertjdgt
laht}j| cåea}h| ho cg lthglaüo mh h|}h }arj mh h|rglaj|/ Ho hnhl}j# lxgomj cg rtjrxh|}g x jnht}g mh
lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc oj ljaolamh ljo cj| jdkh}a~j| mh cg| rht|jog| j ljchl}a~j|# j lxgomj h|}j|ea|ej| oj fgo thgca{gmj xog thnchvaüo q g|xolaüo mh cj wxh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |xrjoh# hc
holxho}tj ho}th manhtho}h|# gxowxh |h rtjmxlh# oj mg cxigt g xog ao}htgllaüo h ao}htlgedaj mh
cgtij thljttamj/ \xdqglh ho h|}g hvrhtaholag ljolth}g xo }heg mh egqjt lgcgmj wxh wxa{ç|
mhdahtg gdjtmgt|h; ºLxçch| |jo cj| cåea}h| mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej: ºRxhmh njt{gt|h hc ao}htlgedaj q
cg ljo~a~holag ho}th manhtho}h| lxgomj cj| ao}hth|h| mh h|}j| oj ~go eç| gccç mh cj ljchl}a~j: ºFgq
gwxå xog }ho|aüo aercåla}g ho}th hc ejmhcj exc}alxc}xtgc h ao}htlxc}xtgc |ahomj wxh gedj| |jo
rtjrxh|}g| chiå}aeg|:
8%% Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho hc fjta{jo}h mh cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g jnjteglaüo rgtg cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g ho hc ohlh|gtaj fjta{jo}h mh cg|jcamgtamgm/ Cg hvrhtaholag mh Exomx`j ]vj`jg
Hc h|rglaj Exomx`j ]vj`jg/ Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm h| ljo|}txamj q cch~gmj g lgdj
ljokxo}geho}h rjt cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q cg JOIM Gcdjgo/ Mho}tj mh h|}h h|rglaj |h jnht}go xog
|htah mh gl}a~amgmh| ljo lgtçl}ht cûmalj q ma~xcig}a~j# ljo njteg}j mh lfgtcg|# lxho}g%lxho}j|#
laoh njtxe# ljolaht}j|# }gcchth|# h}l/ Cg lthglaüo mh cxigth| mh holxho}tj g rgt}at mh manhtho}h|
thgcamgmh|# hvrhtaholag| mh ~amg q }heç}alg| ljej cg| thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog| mh manhtho}h|lxc}xtg|# cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj# hc ljo|xej th|rjo|gdch# hc ljehtlaj kx|}j# h}l/# rhtea}ho cg
aolamholag ho cg rjdcglaüo dacdgåog g }tg~á| mh |x |ho|adaca{glaüo/
Gmheç| mh cg |ho|adaca{glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc ho h|}j| manhtho}h| çeda}j|# cg rtjrxh|}g mh
Exomx`j ]vj`jg |h ao|ltadh ho xo egtlj eç| ihohtgc wxh wxahth ljo}tadxat g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh
xog oxh~g laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g/ Cg rxht}g wxh |h gdth mh|mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h rcgo}hgo
rhtea}ho g rht|jog| ljo ao}hth|h| exq ma~ht|j| glhtlgt|h g }heç}alg| q eh}jmjcjiåg| exq
manhtho}h|/ Cj| hkh| }heç}alj| ho }jtoj g cj| wxh |h }hkho cg| manhtho}h| gl}a~amgmh| |jo;
g ∔∔Cg icjdgca{glaüo q cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| ojt}h%|xt; cg |a}xglaüo mh cj| Mhthlfj| Fxegoj|ho hc exomj# glhtlgeaho}j g manhtho}h| ljoncal}j|# ljojlaeaho}j mh rxhdcj|
aomåihog|# goçca|a| mh thcglajoh| ao}htoglajogch|# h}l/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 181/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/796/ / / / / / / / /
d ∔∔Hc mh|gttjccj |j|}hoadch# hc ljo|xej th|rjo|gdch q hc ljehtlaj kx|}j; hvrhtaholag| mh
itxrj| mh ljo|xej# Dgolg Á}alg# mhlthlaeaho}j# lgerg÷g| mh ej~aca{glaüo q
mhoxolag# h}l/
l ∔∔Cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|; cg ~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg| exkhth| ho |x|grjt}h| gc mh|gttjccj# cg lxc}xtg# cg| thgcamgmh| mh manhtho}h| rtjlhmholag|# rtjrxh|}g|
q lgerg÷g| nheaoa|}g|# h}l/
m ∔∔Cg ih|}aüo rj|a}a~g mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q cg ljo~a~holag; hvrth|ajoh| q }tgmalajoh|
lxc}xtgch| mh manhtho}h| rtjlhmholag|/
h ∔∔Lj|ej~a|ajoh| q h|rata}xgcamgm; hvrhtaholag| mh maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j# h|rata}xgcamgmh|
aomåihog|/
n ∔∔Hmxlglaüo rgtg xog laxmgmgoåg th|rjo|gdch# cg rgt}alarglaüo laxmgmgog q cg ej~aca{glaüo
|jlagc; hvrhtaholag| q eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# hvrhtaholag| mh rgt}alarglaüo q jtigoa{glaüo
|jlagc# hvrhtaholag| mh ~jcxo}gtagmj cjlgc h ao}htoglajogc# h}l/
Mh h|}h ejmj# ho hc çeda}j mh cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| ljo}herjtçohj|# q mh|mh cg thnchvaüo q
njteglaüo# |h jnthlho lcg~h| rgtg |xrhtgt hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j wxh fgda}xgceho}h hva|}h ho cg
rjdcglaüo cjlgc |jdth cg ~aolxcglaüo hva|}ho}h ho}th cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| &hljoüealg|# |jlagch|#
rjcå}alg|# mh iáohtj! ojt}h%|xt q cj| ej~aeaho}j| eaitg}jtaj|/ \jo h|}j| mj| g|rhl}j| wxh g
ehoxmj |h ljo}hercgo ljej thgcamgmh| ntgieho}gmg| |ao grgtho}h rxo}j mh ljohvaüo/ Glhtlgt|h
g cg ljertho|aüo mh h|}j| ljerchkj| nhoüehoj| rhtea}h g cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc chht q rhtladat mh
egohtg manhtho}h g itgo rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo cchigmg mh j}tg| cg}a}xmh| ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h
mhljo|}txqho cj| rthkxalaj| q cj| h|}hthj}arj|/
Rhtj gmheç|# Exomx`j ]vj`jg }tg}g mh ihohtgt xo h|rglaj mh ljo~a~holag q holxho}tj ho hc wxh
rht|jog| mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| rxhmgo ljergt}at hvrhtaholag| q hvrth|ajoh| lxc}xtgch| ma~ht|g|;
itxrj| mh eû|alg njtegmj| rjt rht|jog| gx}ül}jog| h aoeaitgo}h|# itxrj| mh }hg}tj# mgo{g#
ljlaog# h}l/ Mh h|}h ejmj |h }tg}go mh ljohl}gt mj| rcgoj| wxh ljo|amhtgej| h|holagch| ho hc
çeda}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; hc rcgoj mh cj| mhthlfj| q mhdhth| ao|lta}j| ho hc egtlj mh cj|
nhoüehoj| icjdgch| gl}xgch|# q xo rcgoj eç| cjlgc# mh hvrhtaholag| ljergt}amg|# g }tg~á| mh cg
rgt}alarglaüo q hc ao}htlgedaj ho h|rglaj| mjomh cg| rht|jog| rxhmgo ej|}tgt q }tgo|ea}at |x|
manhtho}h| egoanh|}glajoh| lxc}xtgch|/
H|}h rtjqhl}j wxh ljo|}a}xqh Exomx`j ]vj`jg h|}ç mataiamj g xo gercaj q ma~ht|j rûdcalj ho hcwxh }ahoh xog h|rhlagc ljo|amhtglaüo cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# h| mhlat# hmxlgmjth| mh lho}tj|
hmxlg}a~j| q mh }aherj cadth/ Ljo|amhtgej| exq thch~go}h g h|}h rûdcalj mgmj wxh gl}ûgo ljej
giho}h| exc}arcalgmjth| ho hc egtlj mh |x| itxrj| q ljchl}a~j|/ G|å# mh|mh h|}h h|rglaj mh
hmxlglaüo oj njtegc |h jnthlho fhttgeaho}g| g wxahoh| ~go g |ht cxhij cj| rtaolargch| holgtigmj|
mh cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh ~gcjth|# ljojlaeaho}j|# choixgkh|# h}l/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 182/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 791/ / / / / / / / /
>%% Ljolcx|ajoh|
]tg| hc hvgeho mh cg| manhtho}h| hvrhtaholag| ho cj| çeda}j| mh hmxlglaüo oj njtegc wxh fhej|
gogca{gmj# }hohej| wxh mhlat wxh wxa{ç| eç| wxh ljolcx|ajoh| lhttgmg| cj wxh rjmhej| grjt}gt
gc chl}jt |jo xog |htah mh hcheho}j| wxh rj|adaca}go cg grht}xtg mh h|}j| h|rglaj| ho lcg~hao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# fgq wxh th|gc}gt cg ~jcxo}gm mh lthgt h|}h }arj mh h|rglaj|# oj
|aherth nçlach|# wxh gmheç| rgt}ho |aherth mhc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg |aoixcgtamgm mhc J}tj/ H|}j
|xrjoh qg mh ho}tgmg gljejmgt cg maoçealg mhc h|rglaj q cj| holxho}tj| g cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg|
rtjrag| }go}j mh cg| rht|jog| ljej mh cj| ljchl}a~j|/
Rjmtågej| |ao}h}a{gt }jmj h|}h rtjlh|j mh cg |aixaho}h egohtg; ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj ljergt}at
txr}xtg mh h|}hthj}arj| thljojlaeaho}j mh cg aixgcmgm ho cg manhtholag/
\a }jegej| hc rtaeht hcheho}j# hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# h| mh th|gc}gt cg rj}holagcamgm wxh cj|
h|rglaj| oj njtegch| mh hmxlglaüo }ahoho rgtg rtj~jlgt xog ao}htgllaüo wxa{ç| eç| h|rjo}çohg# hohc |ho}amj mh ehoj| ao|}a}xlajogca{gmg# wxh rtjralag xog ljexoalglaüo eç| gdaht}g q og}xtgc/
Jd~ageho}h# }go |ücj mh|mh h|}h ljojlaeaho}j rjmhej| rg|gt g xog ng|h ho cg wxh hc ljergt}at |h
ljo~aht}g ho rtj}gijoa|}g/ Hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q |gdhth| ljo hc J}tj eh gdth g cg
rj|adacamgm mh tjerht }jmg xog |htah mh h|}hthj}arj| glhtlg mh cg rht|jog wxh }hoij ho ntho}h/ ]go}j hc
mh|ljojlaeaho}j ljej hc aegiaogtaj wxh mhc J}tj fh ljo|}txamj g }tg~á| mh cj| ma|lxt|j| |jlagch|# cj|
ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo# cj| txejth| xtdgoj|# h}l/ rxhmh th|wxhdtgkgt|h q rhtea}at xog grht}xtg eç|
|aolhtg/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# hc ao}htlgedaj ljo hc J}tj |h ljo~aht}h ho xo kxhij mh h|rhkj| ho hc wxh ho cg
ehmamg ho wxh thljoj{lj cg |aoixcgtamgm mhc J}tj eh thljoj{lj ho cg eåg rtjrag/
\ao hedgtij# ho h|}j| h|rglaj| mh hmxlglaüo oj njtegc oj |h }tg}g }go |ücj mh thljojlht cg
manhtholag mhc j}tj ho njteg mh lj|}xedth| hvü}alg|# thlh}g| mh ljlaog# choixg| q dgach|/ H|}j h|
ohlh|gtaj# rhtj wxhmgtoj| }go |ücj ho h|}h rcgoj cch~gtåg g cg cgtig g xog egqjt hvj}a{glaüo mhc
manhtho}h# xo rtjlh|j wxh rxhmh ihohtgt eç| chkgoåg wxh glhtlgeaho}j/ Gmheç|# xo hvlh|a~j
áong|a| ho h|}g| manhtholag| oj rhtea}atåg rcgo}hgt cg lthglaüo h ao}htgllaüo ho h|}j| h|rglaj| g
rgt}at mh cj| rxo}j| ho ljeûo wxh rxhmho xoat g |x| rgt}alargo}h|# |hgo h|}j| rxo}j| hc ljergt}at
xog |a}xglaüo cgdjtgc rthlgtag# hc rht}hohlht g xo itxrj mh hmgm# hc fhlfj mh |ht exkhth|# h}l/
H|}gej| |ao mxmg go}h xo manålac hwxacadtaj ho}th thljojlht cg manhtholag q wxh h|}g |h mh ho xo rcgoj
mh aixgcmgm/ Oj rjmhej| mhkgt mh |xdtgqgt wxh hc holxho}tj# hc maçcjij q hc ao}htlgedaj ljo hcj}tj fgo mh rgt}at mh h|h thljojlaeaho}j# rhtj oj h| ehoj| laht}j wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh }gc
holxho}tj |h rtjmx{lg ho}th rht|jog| wxh |jo ljo|amhtgmg| ljej aixgch| ho }áteaoj| mh
mhthlfj| q mhdhth|/ \ao mxmg# }gc q ljej |h fg |h÷gcgmj# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej rtjrxh|}g
ohlh|a}g |ht ljo}hv}xgca{gmg ho xo egtlj mh mhthlfj| q mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g rgtg oj
rhtmht cg rj}holagcamgm wxh jnthlh ljej rtjrxh|}g |jlaj%rjcå}alg mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 183/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRthomahomJ G |ht aIXGCh|/762/ / / / / / / / /
Fa|]JtaG mh CGhmXLGLaüoao]htLXC]XtGC
ho h|RG÷G; CGhvRhtahoLaG mhCRXhdCJ Ia]GoJ
LGRå]XCJ1
Oxtag \httgoj# Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj41
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 184/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 767/ / / / / / / / /
Cg thgcamgm |jlagc gl}xgc h| lgmg ~h{ eç| fh}htjiáohg0 fh}htjihohamgm wxh |h jd|ht~g ho exq
ma|}ao}j| g|rhl}j|# q xoj mh hccj|# hc lxc}xtgc# h| lgmg måg eç| aerjt}go}h q oj}gdch itglag| g cj|
ej~aeaho}j| mh rjdcglaüo# cg aoeaitglaüo q cg nglacamgm rgtg cg| ljexoalglajoh| q hc ao}htlgedaj
mh aonjteglaüo/
Cg h|lxhcg oj h|}ç gkhog g h|}g fh}htjihohamgm/ Cg thgcamgm hmxlg}a~g h| xo thnchkj mh cg thgcamgm
|jlagc mh cg wxh njteg rgt}h/ Cg h|lxhcg }gedaáo h| lxc}xtgceho}h ma~ht|g/
Cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h|rg÷jch| gljiho ho cg gl}xgcamgm # ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg aoeaitglaüo# g
oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ma|}ao}g| rtjlhmholag|# rgå|h| q*j lxc}xtg|/ Rhtj h|}g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h|}ç
rth|ho}h ho cg| h|lxhcg| mh|mh fglh }aherj# itglag| g cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|/
7%% Hcheho}j| fa|}ütalj| q mh ljo}hv}j; cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|
Cg fa|}jtag mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog h|rg÷jcg h|# |ao mxmg# eç| thlaho}h wxh cg
mhc th|}j mh cj| laxmgmgoj|/ Fglh }go |ücj =2 g÷j| wxh |h ljeho{ü g h|ljcgta{gt mh ejmj
ihohtgca{gmj g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}gog|/ Gmheç|# h|}g fa|}jtag fg rg|gmj rjt manhtho}h| ng|h| wxh
g ~hlh| fgo h|}gmj |xrhtrxh|}g| ho hc }aherj; cg hvlcx|aüo# cg h|ljcgta{glaüo |hrgtgmg q cg
h|ljcgta{glaüo xoanalgmg dgkj xo ejmhcj mh itxrj egqjta}gtaj/
Cg| rtaehtg| aoalag}a~g| |xtiahtjo lxgomj# g tgå{ mhc g|ho}geaho}j mhnaoa}a~j mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog
q |x aoljtrjtglaüo g cg ~amg mh cg| laxmgmh| q rxhdcj|# exlfj| oa÷j| rhtegohlågo ho cg lgcch g
fjtg| h|ljcgth|/
Rgtg mgt th|rxh|}g g h|}g| |a}xglajoh| h|rhlagch| nxhtjo rjlj g rjlj grgthlahomj cg|
mhojeaogmg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h/// Cg jtaho}glaüo aoalagc mh h|}g| h|lxhcg| htg njtegt gc oa÷j ia}goj
fg|}g wxh gclgo{gtg xo oa~hc mh ljojlaeaho}j| |xnalaho}h| rgtg aoljtrjtgt|h g cg| h|lxhcg|
jtmaogtag| ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| ljo cj| mheç| gcxeoj|/
\ao hedgtij# cj| th|xc}gmj| nxhtjo exq ~gtagmj| mhrhomahomj mh cg| latlxo|}golag| h|rhlånalg| mh
lgmg xog mh hccg|# ho lxgo}j g thlxt|j| fxegoj| q eg}htagch|# g|å ljej g cg| rj|adacamgmh| mhljjtmaoglaüo q mh gllaüo ljexoa}gtag/ Mh h|}h ejmj# ho gwxhccj| |a}aj| mjomh kxo}j g cg| H|lxhcg|
Rxho}h hva|}ågo g|jlaglajoh| j itxrj| mh dg|h }tgdgkgomj mh njteg ljjtmaogmg q icjdgc ho j}tg|
çthg|# cj| th|xc}gmj| nxhtjo eç| rj|a}a~j| wxh ho j}tj| mjomh cg h|lxhcg oj }hoåg thnxht{j mh
oaoiûo }arj/
Cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h# ljo }jmg| |x| mhnalaholag|# |xrx|ahtjo xo ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j ma|}ao}j q xo
h|nxht{j rjt th|rjomht g xo rtjdcheg ho xog| latlxo|}golag| ljolth}g|# ho cg| wxh hc |a|}heg
h|ljcgt ojtegca{gmj oj h|}gdg mgomj |jcxlaüo/
41 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Hmxlglaüo mh cg Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj/ \x ljtthj h|; oxtag/|httgojBia%
}goj|/jti/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 185/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/764/ / / / / / / / /
H| aomxmgdch wxh cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h ljo}tadxqhtjo g gmhcgo}gt hc rtjlh|j mh h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj|
oa÷j| ia}goj|/ \a oj fxdahtgo hva|}amj# cg lgo}amgm mh oa÷j| ia}goj| h|ljcgta{gmj| |htåg ehojt q
exlfj| rgmth| wxh fjq ho~ågo g |x| fakj| g h|lxhcg|# oj fxdah|ho amj hccj| ea|ej| g gwxhccg|/
Ho 716># ljo cg grcalglaüo mh cg Chq Jtiçoalg mh Mhthlfj g cg Hmxlglaüo mh|grgthlahtjo# mh ejmj
rtjith|a~j# cg egqjtåg mh cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h/ Cg tg{üo h| cg thixcglaüo wxh malfg chq fglh mhc
hkhtlalaj mhc mhthlfj g cg hmxlglaüo ho xo |a|}heg h|ljcgt ao}hitgmj wxh ljoladh cj| lho}tj|
hmxlg}a~j| ljej h|lxhcg| rgtg }jmj|# |ao caea}glajoh| rjt tg{joh| |jlagch|# hljoüealg| j mh
th|amholag/
Ho cj| rtaehtj| g÷j|# cg g|a|}holag mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj| g cg h|lxhcg jtmaogtag nxh h|lg|g mhdamj#
rjt xo cgmj# gc thlfg{j mh cg| h|lxhcg| q cg| manalxc}gmh| hvrxh|}g| rjt rgt}h mh gx}jtamgmh|
h|ljcgth|# rtjnh|jtgmj j rgmth| mh gcxeoj| fglag hc gcxeogmj ia}goj# q# ho |hixomj cxigt# rjt cg
rjlg rthma|rj|alaüo mh cg ngeacag ia}gog fglag cg h|lxhcg0 g÷gmahomj gmheç| hc fhlfj mh cghojteh ma|lthrgolag ho}th cg| ojteg| q fçda}j| h|ljcgth| q cj| ngeacagth|/
Q }jmj hccj# gmheç| mh thrhtlx}at mathl}geho}h ho cj| dgkj| oa~hch| mh g|a|}holag g lcg|h# aoncxqü mh
njteg ohig}a~g ho hc thomaeaho}j glgmáealj# mçomj|h gc}g| }g|g| mh ntglg|j h|ljcgt# ho cg| thcglajoh|
|jlagch|# ljo |a}xglajoh| mh ga|cgeaho}j j manalxc}gmh| mh ao}htgllaüo ho}th oa÷j| ia}goj| q oj ia}goj|#
q ho hc gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj |ao cg ljo|aixaho}h jd}holaüo mh }a}xcglaüo glgmáealg/
Ho cg ûc}aeg málgmg |xtih xo oxh~j ljo}hv}j# ej}a~gmj rjt cg gncxholag mh aoeaitgo}h|# wxh fglh wxh
cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm j cg ma~ht|amgm ho cg h|lxhcg oj |ücj ~hoig mgmg rjt cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|
ia}goj|# |aoj wxh jdhmh{lg }gedaáo g cg rth|holag mh j}tj| oa÷j| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|/ Cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc |h ljo~aht}h g|å ho xo }heg hehtiho}h wxh gmwxahth lgmg ~h{ egqjt aerjt}golag/
4%% Cg |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|
Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj| g cg h|lxhcg h| fjq ho måg xo fhlfj# ntx}j mh cj| h|nxht{j| mh
cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| hmxlg}a~g|# cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# cj| rtjnh|ajogch| mh cg hmxlglaüo# cg|
jtigoa{glajoh| oj ixdhtogeho}gch| q cg| ngeacag|/ Rhtj# gxowxh cg |a}xglaüo mh h|ljcgta{glaüo mhcg rjdcglaüo ia}gog fg ehkjtgmj rtjith|a~geho}h# cg rtçl}alg }j}gcamgm mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj h|}ç
h|ljcgta{gmj ho cg h}grg rtaegtag &lhtlg mhc 1=( |h h|ljcgta{g g cj| > g÷j| j go}h|!# q hc oa~hc
hmxlg}a~j mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog |aixh |ahomj fjq eç| dgkj wxh hc mh lxgcwxaht j}tj itxrj |jlagc
mh |hehkgo}h }geg÷j q ljerj|alaüo/
Hc rjtlho}gkh mh ia}goj| egqjth| mh 76 g÷j| ljo xo oa~hc mh gogcngdh}a|ej gd|jcx}j q*j nxolajogc h|
hch~gmj/ \hiûo cj| mg}j| mhc LA\<2# |h}ho}g q |ha| rht|jog| mh lgmg laho mho}tj mh h|}h ljchl}a~j }ahoho
ljej eçvaej cg hmxlglaüo rtaegtag# ntho}h g cg| }thao}g q |ha| mh cg rjdcglaüo h|rg÷jcg/
<2 –Goçca|a| mh cg holxh|}g mhc LA\ g cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog― / Xoa~ht|amgm Rûdcalg mh Og~gttg*
GC]HT Itxrj mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Rgercjog# 4226/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 186/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 76</ / / / / / / / /
Ho cg| h}grg| mh hmxlglaüo dç|alg# rtaolargceho}h ho cg H\J# hva|}ho }jmg~åg aerjt}go}h|
rtjdcheg| mh gd|ho}a|ej# dgkj thomaeaho}j h|ljcgt q gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj/ \ücj hc 42( mhc
gcxeogmj ia}goj wxh aoalag 7» mh Hmxlglaüo \hlxomgtag Jdcaig}jtag cjitg glgdgt |x| h|}xmaj| ho
=»/ Gmheç| hc >6#=( mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj ho h|}g h}grg |h holxho}tg ho xog |a}xglaüo mh mh|ng|hlxttalxcgt mh eç| mh mj| g÷j|# ntho}h g xo 48#6( mhc gcxeogmj rgqj/ Q xo >8( mhc gcxeogmj
ia}goj fg thrh}amj gc ehoj| xo lxt|j g cj cgtij mh |x h|ljcgta{glaüo# ntho}h g xo <8#6( mhc
gcxeogmj oj ia}goj/
Gmheç|# rgtgmükalgeho}h# q rh|h g cj| h|nxht{j| wxh ho}amgmh| rûdcalg| q rta~gmg| h|}ço
}hoahomj ho hc aerxc|j mh rjcå}alg| mh aolcx|aüo wxh rgcaho |a}xglajoh| aoalagch| mh |hithiglaüo# ho
gcixog| {jog| h|}ç |xlhmahomj xo thith|j g cj| aoalaj|/ Gc aoltheho}gt hc rjtlho}gkh mh gcxeog| q
gcxeoj| ia}goj|# mh}hteaogmg| h|lxhcg| |h fgo ljo~ht}amj# mh oxh~j# ho h|lxhcg| |hithigmg| j
lho}tj| ixh}j/ Ho h|}g |a}xglaüo fgo aoncxamj hcheho}j| h|}txl}xtgch| ljej cg ljolho}tglaüo mh
ngeacag| ia}gog| ho mh}hteaogmj| ho}jtoj| j dgttaj|/
Ho thcglaüo g cg| rht|jog| ia}gog| xoa~ht|a}gtag|# gxowxh oj hva|}h xo mg}j rthla|j ho lxgo}j g |x
oûehtj# |h rxhmh gnategt wxh |aixh |ahomj }jmg~åg exq h|lg|j/ \h h|}aeg wxh ehoj| mh xo 7(
mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog }ahoh j h|}ç lxt|gomj h|}xmaj| xoa~ht|a}gtaj|/
H|}g |a}xglaüo }ahoh lcgtg| thrhtlx|ajoh| ho cg nx}xtg lgtthtg rtjnh|ajogc mh cj| kü~hoh|
ia}goj| q ia}gog| q |xrjoh xog dgtthtg g |xrhtgt rgtg g|hixtgt xog ~htmgmhtg aolcx|aüo
|jlagc mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog h|rg÷jcg/
<%% Amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc
Xo itgo oûehtj mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ia}gog| g÷gmho g cg |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg wxh ljocch~g hc
rht}hohlht g xo itxrj eaojta}gtaj ljo thnhtho}h| lxc}xtgch| ma|}ao}j| g cj| mh cg |jlahmgm egqjta}gtag#
xog mh|~ho}gkg |jlajngeacagt wxh manalxc}g xo gmhlxgmj q ür}aej rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj ljo~ahoh manhtholagt –lxc}xtg― mh –lcg|h |jlagc―/ H|}g| ~gtagdch| g ehoxmj |h
ljonxomho# mhdamj g cg |a}xglaüo mh egtiaoglaüo |jlajhljoüealg ho cg wxh |xhcho holjo}tgt|h cg|rtaolargch| eaojtåg| á}oalg| q*j lxc}xtgch| hva|}ho}h| ho cg| |jlahmgmh| aomx|}tagca{gmg|/ Cj|
~gcjth| lxc}xtgch| ljo cj| wxh malfg| eaojtåg| |h amho}analgo oj mhdho |ht ljonxomamj| ljo cg|
ljo|hlxholag| rtjmxlamg| rjt cg |a}xglaüo mh egtiaoglaüo# rjdth{g q hvlcx|aüo |jlagc ho cg wxh g
~hlh| |h holxho}tgo/
H| ohlh|gtaj }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg| |a}xglajoh| mh rjdth{g q hvlcx|aüo |jlagc rtj~jlgo# ho cg
egqjtåg mh cj| lg|j|# manalxc}gmh| rgtg gclgo{gt rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| ojtegca{gmj| &ho}homahomj
rjt }gch| cj| oa~hch| ür}aej| mh|hgdch| rgtg lxgcwxaht oa÷j j oa÷g h|ljcgta{gmj|!/ Q h|}j h| mhdamj
g ~gtag| tg{joh|/
∔∔ G }tg~á| mh cg| thcglajoh| ngeacagth| |h }tgo|ea}ho rgx}g| mh ljerjt}geaho}j#
hvrhl}g}a~g|# ej}a~glajoh| q ~gcjth| wxh }ahomho g ego}hoht cg| gl}xgch| manhtholag|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 187/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/76=/ / / / / / / / /
|jlagch|# rjtwxh ho exlfj| lg|j| cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc mh cg| ngeacag| |h }tgo|ea}h g cj|
fakj| h fakg|/
∔∔Xo dgkj oa~hc hmxlg}a~j gclgo{gmj rjt cj| rgmth| rxhmh gxeho}gt cg ma|lthrgolag ho}th
cg ~amg ngeacagt q cg h|ljcgt q# ljo hccg# cg| manalxc}gmh| ho cg ao}htgllaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg# cjwxh manalxc}g cg gmgr}glaüo mh cj| fakj| g h|}h ûc}aej ljo}hv}j/
H|}j| g|rhl}j|# ljej |h fg ljeho}gmj go}htajteho}h# aoncxqho mh njteg ohig}a~g ho cj| rtjlh|j|
hmxlg}a~j| q ho cg ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt mhc gcxeogmj wxh h|}ç ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg
|jlajlxc}xtgc/
Gcixog| mh cg| manalxc}gmh| eç| nthlxho}h| wxh rth|ho}go h|}j| gcxeoj| ho cg h|lxhcg |jo;
∔∔Manalxc}gm ho cg ljertho|aüo mh cg| ojteg| q cj| jdkh}a~j| h|ljcgth|# ljej hc
h|}gdchlaeaho}j mh fjtgtaj|# oa~hch| eåoaej| mh gx}jljo}tjc j ljertho|aüo mh cgx}acamgm mh cj| grthoma{gkh| h|ljcgth|/
∔∔Ljerjt}geaho}j| farhtgl}a~j| q manalxc}gmh| mh g}holaüo# mhdamj |jdth }jmj g cg ngc}g
mh ej}a~glaüo# cg gx|holag mh rtj}gijoa|ej q cg h|}txl}xtg lhttgmg mh cg h|lxhcg/
∔∔Ngc}g mh ej}a~glaüo mh cjitj q dgkg gx}jh|}aeg; cg |ho|glaüo mh oj ljo}tjcgt cj wxh
|xlhmh aeramh h|njt{gt|h rjt grthomht/
∔∔Lgtholag mh cj| fçda}j| q h|wxheg| mh ljojlaeaho}j| rth~aj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg
grthomht q gmgr}gt|h g cg gl}a~amgm h|ljcgt/
Hc rtjnh|jtgmj q cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# g }tg~á| mh xo lxttålxcj gdaht}j q nchvadch# mh xo gmhlxgmj
ma|h÷j mh cg| hvrhtaholag| mh ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh q mh cg ao}htgllaüo |jlajgnhl}a~g# rxhmho
ljerho|gt ho itgo rgt}h h|}g| manalxc}gmh|/
=%% Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho cj|lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Hc lg|j ia}goj
Ljej |h fg mh|}glgmj go}htajteho}h# cg ao|}a}xlaüo hmxlg}a~g# ljej ljo|hlxholag mh xog egqjt
rth|holag mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| ho cg| gxcg| fg thnjt{gmj ho |x ma|lxt|j cg aerjt}golag mh cgg}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Hc rtjdcheg h| wxh h|}j| ma|lxt|j| oj fgo |amj gljerg÷gmj| mh
rtjrxh|}g| ljolth}g| mh ao}ht~holaüo/
Hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| oa÷j|# eç| gccç mh cg }hjtåg# oj fg holjo}tgmj |x cxigt
ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ G|å# kxo}j g lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| ljo rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j| q mh
ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc daho rcgo}hgmj| q gkx|}gmj| g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj# |h mgo
}jmg lcg|h mh gl}xglajoh|# rg|gomj rjt cg| eç| njclcütalg| q h|}hthj}argmg|/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# xo thlaho}h h|}xmaj thgca{gmj rjt cg Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj# ho
ljcgdjtglaüo ljo hc ANAAH q hc Ao|}a}x}j mh cg Exkht# exh|}tg ljej |jcj hc >( mh cj| lho}tj|hmxlg}a~j| mh rtaegtag fg aoljtrjtgmj hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| h fa|}ütalj| mh cg ljexoamgm ia}gog ho
hc rtjqhl}j mhc lho}tj h|ljcgt/ Ho hc 62( mh cj| lg|j| hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j oa |awxahtg |h fg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 188/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 768/ / / / / / / / /
rcgo}hgmj cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh h|}j| hcheho}j|/ Mh fhlfj# hc ==( mh cj| rtjnh|jth| mh rtaegtag oj
ljo|amhtg wxh |hg ohlh|gtaj ao}tjmxlat hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| h fa|}ütalj| mh cg ljexoamgm ia}gog ho
hc gxcg/
Rh|h g cj| h|nxht{j| thgca{gmj|# ho cg egqjtåg mh cj| lg|j|# cg lxc}xtg ia}gog oj h| eholajogmg ho
cg h|lxhcg oa ho cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j &oa |awxahtg ho cj| cadtj| mh fa|}jtag# g rh|gt mh wxh cg rjdcglaüo
ia}gog cch~g g|ho}gmg ho H|rg÷g mh|mh hc |aicj V^!/ Gmheç|# ho cg| h|lg|g| jlg|ajoh| ho cg| wxh
|h fglh gcixog eholaüo g cg lxc}xtg ia}gog |h thlxtth g h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j| wxh rhtkxmalgo cg
gx}jh|}aeg mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj q cg njteg ljej h|}h h| rhtladamj rjt hc itxrj/
Cg ao~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg lxc}xtg ia}gog th|xc}g ma|ltaeaog}jtag# rxh| |h h|}ç mhkgomj mh ojedtgt xog
thgcamgm wxh hva|}h# wxh itgo rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo oj ia}gog mh|ljojlh q fglag cg wxh gûo |h
ego}ahoho xog |htah mh h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/
Ho gcixoj| lg|j|# hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |h caea}g g xog gl}a~amgm ljolth}g wxh |h
rjoh ho egtlfg xo måg/ Q gxowxh |aherth h| ehkjt fglht xog gl}a~amgm mh xo måg wxh má g ljojlht
cg lxc}xtg ia}gog q mh|eaho}g cj| ea}j| wxh hva|}ho ho }jtoj g á|}g# wxh oj fglht ogmg# hc
}tg}geaho}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mhdhtåg |ht exlfj eç| gercaj q }tgo|~ht|gc/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g
ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg xog ~htmgmhtg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg# lgedagt hc
h}ojlho}ta|ej wxh aerhtg gûo ho cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j q ng~jthlht gl}a}xmh| mh th|rh}j# ~gcjtglaüo q
maçcjij fglag cg| manhtholag|/
H| eç| rtjdgdch wxh hc gcxeogmj ia}goj |h |aho}g eç| ej}a~gmj g g|a|}at g xog h|lxhcg ho cg wxh
|aho}h aolcxamj q gljiamj# lxgomj |h ch }ahoh ho lxho}g q lxgomj |h mh|}glgo g|rhl}j| rj|a}a~j| q
grjt}glajoh| mh |x itxrj lxc}xtgc g cg |jlahmgm/
Cg h|lxhcg h| xo h|rglaj mh thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog| ljolth}g|# rht}hohlaho}h| g mh}hteaogmg|
lxc}xtg| q |hvj| q ljo ohlh|amgmh| h|rhlånalg|/ Oj |ücj hc gcxeogmj |h }ahoh wxh gmgr}gt g cg|
ojteg| q rj|adacamgmh| mh cg h|lxhcg# |aoj wxh }gedaáo hc rtjnh|jtgmj# hc lho}tj q hc rtjraj |a|}heg
hmxlg}a~j mhdhtågo gmgr}gt|h g h|}g| ohlh|amgmh| mhc gcxeogmj q g |x ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/
Hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j mhdhtåg mh gmgr}gt|h g cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj# g}homahomj g |x|
rgt}alxcgtamgmh|# ho cxigt mh fglht }jmj cj rj|adch rgtg wxh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| |h gmgr}ho gcg| hvaiholag| rgt}alxcgth| mh lgmg lho}tj/
Rtjdgdcheho}h |a cg gl}a}xm mh cg h|lxhcg fglag hc gcxeogmj ia}goj nxhtg eç| gljihmjtg q
magcjigo}h# |h ihohtgtåg ehoj| th|a|}holag q |h ng~jthlhtåg xog grht}xtg q xog egqjt rgt}alarglaüo
mh cg| ngeacag| ia}gog| ho cg h|lxhcg/
Ho }jmj lg|j# cg h|lxhcg }ahoh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh hmxlgt# q h|}j mhdh aercalgt xo lxamgmj mh cg|
thcglajoh| q xog g}holaüo g cg| manhtholag| q g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Cg egqjtåg mhc gcxeogmj ~g g |ho}at|h
ehkjt |a |h }ahoho ho lxho}g |x| ohlh|amgmh| q |a |x itxrj lxc}xtgc h| ~gcjtgmj# eaho}tg| wxh |h
|ho}atço egc go}h gl}a}xmh| wxh cj lta}awxho j wxh th|gc}ho cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 189/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/76>/ / / / / / / / /
8%% Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc
Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc h| xoj mh cj| g|rhl}j| wxh nthogo cg ljo}aoxamgm
hmxlg}a~g mh cg| lfalg| q lfalj| ia}goj|/ H|}h eahmj |xtih ho xo ljo}hv}j ho hc wxh xog eaojtåg |h|aho}h gehog{gmg rjt cg| rth|ajoh| g|aeacglajoa|}g| mh cg egqjtåg/
]hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh oa cj| cadtj| mh Fa|}jtag oa j}tj| cadtj| mh }hv}j fgdcgo mh cg rjdcglaüo
ia}gog oa mh |x lxc}xtg# choixgkh# h}l/# gmheç| mh cg h|lg|h{ mh ehmamg| ng~jtgdch| g cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# h| ljertho|adch wxh cg egqjt rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog rhtladg cg h|lxhcg
ljej gkhog g |x rtjrag lxc}xtg q ljej xo cxigt ho hc wxh oj cg ~ho thrth|ho}gmg oa thljojlamg/
Cg| ljo|hlxholag| mh cg hch~gmg ma|lthrgolag wxh hva|}h ho}th cj| ljo}hoamj| h|ljcgth| q cg ~amg
ngeacagt mh cj| gcxeoj| rht}hohlaho}h| g itxrj| eaojta}gtaj| ho mh|~ho}gkg oj |jo |ücj mh }arj
ljioa}a~j/ Lxgomj h|}j| exomj| |jo lcgtgeho}h aoljerg}adch|# rxhmh jdcaigt|h gc oa÷j &j rgthlhtwxh |h jdcaig! g xog mxtg hchllaüo ho}th; cg gmgr}glaüo h|ljcgt ljo |x ljo|aixaho}h rtjejlaüo
|jlagc j cg amho}analglaüo ljo hc rtjraj itxrj lxc}xtgc thlfg{gomj cg h|lxhcg/
Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |xrjomtåg xog gmgr}glaüo ex}xg ho cg wxh cg| rht|jog| oj }homtågo wxh
thoxolagt g cj| ~gcjth| wxh ch| th|xc}gtgo h|holagch|# |aoj wxh fgtågo |x rtjrag |åo}h|a| q
hcgdjtglaüo mh cg| aoncxholag| lxc}xtgch| wxh h|}ço thladahomj/ Rhtj |ücj rxhmh cch~gt|h g lgdj |a
cg| rht|jog| rht}hohlaho}h| g manhtho}h| lxc}xtg| }ahoho cg rj|adacamgm mh hvrth|gt|h ho |x|
rtjraj| }áteaoj| q ~ho thljojlamj |x rtjraj itxrj mh rht}hoholag ho thrth|ho}glajoh| wxh oj
h|}ço mhnjtegmg| rjt cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/
Mhc eahmj g rhtmht |x lxc}xtg ho xo h|rglaj ho hc wxh á|}g oj h| thljojlamg |xtiho ljolhrlajoh|
mh thgllaüo# h|holagca|}g| q tåiamg|# mh cg lxc}xtg j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc/ \a g h|}j |h ch g÷gmh cg
h|lg|h{ mh thnhtho}h| mh rht|jog| ia}gog| ljo áva}j h|ljcgt q cg ngc}g mh ~a|adaca{glaüo mh rht|jog|
ia}gog| ljo h|}xmaj| q }tgdgkj| lxgcanalgmj|# oj| holjo}tgthej| ljo rhtlhrlajoh| wxh oj
ljoladho g ia}gog| q ia}goj| h|}xmagomj eç| gccç mh cg h}grg mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag/
Ho hc lg|j mh cg| exkhth|# g cg| ljolhrlajoh| tåiamg| mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc |h ch xoh xog
mhnaoalaüo tåiamg mh cj wxh |aioanalg |ht exkht ia}gog/ Hc eahmj gc grgqgeaho}j j g cg rátmamg mh cg
lxc}xtg |h xoh ho}jolh| cg ljolhrlaüo mhc rgrhc mh cg| exkhth| ia}gog| caigmg ho exlfj| lg|j| gceg}taejoaj q cg eg}htoamgm/ H|}g taiamh{ fglh wxh |h ~hgo aoljerg}adch| cj| g|rhl}j| wxh |h
g|jlago g cg lxc}xtg q g xo tjc mh}hteaogmj| ljo cj| g|rhl}j| wxh |h g|jlago g j}tg/ H| mhlat# |a hc
ao|}a}x}j# cg xoa~ht|amgm q hc }tgdgkj lxgcanalgmj |h rhtladho ljej rgqj| q gmhlxgmj| rgtg fjedth|
eaho}tg| wxh cg eg}htoamgm q hc eg}taejoaj |h rhtladho ljej hcheho}j| h|holagch| rgtg cg
amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh iáohtj mh cg| exkhth| ia}gog|# |htç eç| manålac ljolhdat wxh xog exkht ia}gog
h|}xmah eç| gccç mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag j cchixh g mh|herh÷gt xo }tgdgkj lxgcanalgmj/ Mh h|}g
egohtg# cg| rht|jog| wxh herthomho lgeaoj| manhtho}h| g cj| wxh |x ho}jtoj h|rhtg mh hccg|
}ahomho g ~ht lxh|}ajogmg |x ia}gohamgm/
Cg ljo}aoxamgm hmxlg}a~g eç| gccç mh cg h}grg mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# rjt }go}j# |xhch aercalgt xolxh|}ajogeaho}j mh cg ia}gohamgm mh cj| lfalj| q# |jdth }jmj# mh cg| lfalg| ljo áva}j h|ljcgt j wxh
thgca{go }tgdgkj| lxgcanalgmj|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 190/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 191/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/766/ / / / / / / / /
rgt}alarglaüo ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt# j}tj| giho}h| wxh ao}ht~ahoho ho rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| oj
thicgmj|# q xog rthma|rj|alaüo h aercalglaüo |jlagc fglag cg lxc}xtg# hc grthoma{gkh q cg h|lxhcg/
Grj|}gt rjt }tgdgkgt cg ma~ht|amgm ho cg h|lxhcg mh|mh xo rhtnac ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg lgedaj|0lgedaj| aerjt}go}h| }go}j ho cj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h ljej ho lüej |h }tg|ea}h/ Xog rjcå}alg
hmxlg}a~g ao}hitglajoa|}g mhdh grjt}gt cg dû|wxhmg mh ho}homaeaho}j lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh cg h|lxhcg/
Xoj mh |x| jdkh}a~j| dç|alj| h| hc mh rtjej~ht |ho}aeaho}j| rj|a}a~j| mh xoamgm q }jchtgolag ho}th
cj| gcxeoj| q thmxlat cj| h|}hthj}arj|>/ Q xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg gmheç| g }jmg cg
ljexoamgm h|ljcgt# ljo cg ohlh|gtag grjt}glaüo mh |x gcxeogmj ho xo goçca|a| ltå}alj mh cg thgcamgm
|jlagc q ho rtjqhl}j| mh gllaüo wxh |xrjoigo xog cxlfg ljo}tg cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|9/
Rjt hccj# cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh mataiat|h g cg njteglaüo |a|}heç}alg mh }jmj hc gcxeogmj#
oj |ücj mh gwxhccj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rht}hohlaho}h| g itxrj| á}oalj| j lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj|/ \x|
rtaolaraj| rhmgiüialj| fgo mh lho}tgt|h ho;
∔∔Hc thljojlaeaho}j mhc mhthlfj rht|jogc mh lgmg gcxeoj g thladat cg ehkjt hmxlglaüo
manhtholagmg# g}homahomj g cg njteglaüo mh |x amho}amgm rht|jogc/
∔∔Hc thljojlaeaho}j rj|a}a~j mh cg| ma~ht|g| lxc}xtg| q choixg| q mh |x ohlh|gtag
rth|holag q lxc}a~j ho cg h|lxhcg/
∔∔ G}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm q th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag|# |ao h}awxh}gt gc gcxeogmj ho nxolaüo
mh á|}g|/
∔∔Oj |hithiglaüo ho itxrj| grgt}h mho}tj j nxhtg mh cg| gxcg|/
∔∔Ehkjtg mhc áva}j h|ljcgt q rtjejlaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mh eaojtåg| á}oalg| j ho |a}xglaüo
mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajlxc}xtgc/
∔∔Njteglaüo q njt}gchlaeaho}j ho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh cj| ~gcjth| fxegoj| mh
aixgcmgm# th|rh}j# }jchtgolag# rcxtgca|ej# ljjrhtglaüo q ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm |jlagc/
∔∔Cxlfg gl}a~g ljo}tg }jmg egoanh|}glaüo mh tgla|ej j ma|ltaeaoglaüo/
∔∔Rth~holaüo mh cj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|/
∔∔Ljexoalglaüo gl}a~g h ao}htthcglaüo ho}th }jmj hc gcxeogmj/
∔∔Ljo~a~holag mhejltç}alg q rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g mh cj| gcxeoj| ho cg| gxcg| q ho hc lho}tj/
∔∔Rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g mh cj| rgmth| ho cg h|lxhcg h aoltheho}j mh cg ljexoalglaüo q cg|
thcglajoh| rj|a}a~g| ho}th cj| ma~ht|j| itxrj| á}oalj|/
∔∔
Ao|htlaüo gl}a~g mh cg h|lxhcg ho cg ljexoamgm cjlgc/
Hc hkh nxomgeho}gc wxh hoegtlg hc wxhfglht q cg ~amg h|ljcgt ljej xo hcheho}j mhnaoa}a~j h| hc
lxttålxcj hmxlg}a~j/ H| ho ác mjomh |h mhdh rcg|egt cg th|rxh|}g g cg ma~ht|amgm h|ljcgt# cg thgcamgm
exc}alxc}xtgc q hc mh|gttjccj mh ~gcjth| ljej hc th|rh}j q cg |jcamgtamgm# mh egohtg wxh h|}h |a|}heg
mh h|ljcgta{glaüo ûoalg ng~jth{lg cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| q hc
mh|gttjccj rht|jogc mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/
Oj h| ohlh|gtaj thlgclgt cg aerjt}golag mhc ea|ej# q |x ohlh|amgm mh glhtlgeaho}j q gmhlxglaüo
g cg thgcamgm lj}amagog mhc gcxeogmj q mhc rtjraj lho}tj/ H|}h hwxacadtaj# q |x thnhtholag lcgtg ho hc
lxttålxcxe# fglh wxh |h mhdgo }hoht ho lxho}g }go}j cj| ljo}hoamj| rtjraj| mhc grthoma{gkh ljejcj| ljerjt}geaho}j| q ~gcjth| ho wxh ~a~h q |h mh|gttjccg hc gcxeogmj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 192/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 761/ / / / / / / / /
Mh h|}g egohtg# |htç ohlh|gtaj wxh hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j |h rtjrjoig th~a|gt xoj| hcheho}j|#
aolcxat j |xrtaeat j}tj|# q gmhlxgt hc egtlj mh thnhtholag ihohtgc q cg| jrlajoh| ljolth}g| gc egtlj
mh rcxtgcamgm wxh |h wxahth rtjrjoht/ ]jmj hccj ho}ho mahomj hc lxttålxcj ho xo |ho}amj gercaj#
mjomh ljoncxqho ljolhr}j|# rtjlhmaeaho}j| q gl}a}xmh| wxh gnhl}go gc ljokxo}j mh cg ljexoamgmhmxlg}a~g;
Cchigmj hc ejeho}j mh ao}tjmxlat ho hc lxttålxcj g|rhl}j| wxh ng~jth{lgo hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej# cj|
hcheho}j| eç| |aioanalg}a~j| g }hoht ho lxho}g |jo;
∔∔ cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc h|rglaj q ta}ej| mh grthoma{gkh/
∔∔hc ma|h÷j mh gl}a~amgmh| ej}a~gmjtg| q |aioanalg}a~g|/
∔∔ cj| rtjraj| ljo}hoamj| glgmáealj|/
∔∔ cg eh}jmjcjiåg ho hc gxcg/
∔∔ cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc }go}j ho cj| h|rglaj| q }aherj| njtegch| ljej oj njtegch|&thlthj|# h}l/!
Ljej cg tg{üo nxomgeho}gc mhc }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j h| hc gcxeogmj# |h ch mhdh }hoht |aherth
rth|ho}h ho h|}g }gthg mh th~a|aüo q gmhlxglaüo mhc lxttålxcxe |jdth ma|}ao }j| g|rhl}j| lcg~h wxh
mhnaoho cg njteg mh |ht# ~a~at q grthomht mh h|}h gcxeogmj/ H| ho h|}j| g|rhl}j| mjomh |h rxhmh
jd|ht~gt mh xog egohtg eç| lcgtg cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gxcg q mhc lho}tj q# }gedaáo ho hccj# holjo}tgt
ra|}g| mh }tgdgkj rtjrag| q ljexoh| g }jmj hc itxrj/
]hoahomj ho lxho}g lüej h| q lüej ~a~h hc gcxeogmj mh lgmg lho}tj# wxhmgtågo mj| hcheho}j|
nxomgeho}gch| rgtg ljerch}gt h|}g th~a|aüo q gmhlxglaüo mhc lxttå lxcj g xog rht|rhl}a~g
ao}htlxc}xtgc; hc mh|gttjccj mhc }tgdgkj ho hc gxcg q hc rhtnac rhmgiüialj mhc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Hc lho}tj
hmxlg}a~j }ahoh |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# |x| rtjrag| njteg| mh fglht q ~a~at hc måg g måg0 oj |h rxhmh mhkgt
g xo cgmj cg lxc}xtg h|ljcgt ho h|}h rtjlh|j/
Cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| grthomho mh }jmj cj wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj malh q fglh/ \jo |x thnhtholag
mathl}g q ljo}aoxg0 q ho hccg }gedaáo |h aolcxqho ~gcjth|# njteg| mh rho|gt# egohtg| mh gl}xgt#
h}l… |aherth }hoahomj ho lxho}g cg ao}holajogcamgm# ljej lgtgl}htå|}alg rtjrag mhc wxhfglht
hmxlg}a~j/ H| aerjt}go}h wxh }jmg| cg| mhla|ajoh| wxh |h }jeho oj |hgo gtda}tgtag|# |aherth |h
mhdh thnchvajogt |jdth cg ao}holajogcamgm;
Xo g|rhl}j exq aerjt}go}h |h lho}tg ho hc }tgdgkj mhc gxcg/ H| gccå mjomh måg g måg ljo~a~h hc itxrj#
hc rtjnh|jtgmj mh|gttjccg |x cgdjt hmxlg}a~g q mjomh hc gcxeoj q gcxeog }ahoho |x thnhtholag
mathl}g/ H| rthla|j gdjtmgt cg th~a|aüo q rcgo}hgeaho}j mh eh}jmjcjiåg| mh gxcg mh egohtg wxh
rhtea}go glhtlgt q rj}holagt |x ma~ht|amgm/
Cg| eh}jmjcjiåg| mh gxcg eç| gljtmh| ljo cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |htågo
cg| |aixaho}h|# |aherth }hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh }gch| eá}jmj| |jo ljercheho}gtaj| q oj
hvlcxqho}h| ho}th |å; g|aioglaüo mh }gthg|# cg ho|h÷go{g thlårtjlg# hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# h}l/
G cg ~h{# q mh egohtg eç| mathl}g# |h rxhmho x}aca{gt exlfg| eh}jmjcjiåg| q thlxt|j| wxh
rhtea}go }tgdgkgt g|rhl}j| rtjraj| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q mh cg| eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch| wxh ljo~a~ho
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 193/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/712/ / / / / / / / /
ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj# mh cj| lxgch| gwxå |h rtjrjoho }th|# }jmj| ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh gxeho}gt hc
ljojlaeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc ho }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q hc mh|gttjccj mh cg rtjrag amho}amgm lxc}xtgc ho cj|
oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh cg| eaojtåg| ng~jthlahomj |x rtj}gijoa|ej rj|a}a~j;
∔∔Lxttålxcj mh itxrj ûoalj; thgca{gt xoamgmh|# }heg| j lxt|j| wxh rth|ho}ho aonjteglaüo
ho rtjnxomamgm |jdth xo mh}hteaogmj itxrj j lxc}xtg/
∔∔Eá}jmj mh cj| }üralj|; |hchllajogt }heg| ljej cj| fátjh|# cg choixg# cg laholag# cg
ig|}tjojeåg# hc gt}h… ao}tjmxlahomj mg}j| h aonjteglajoh| rgtg h|}xmagt cg| manhtho}h|
lxc}xtg|# lhchdtgt måg| h|rhlagch|# mhmalgtch| chllajoh|# h}l/
∔∔Eá}jmj ljolhr}xgc; aoljtrjtgt ljolhr}j| g|jlagmj| gc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh
cg| |h|ajoh| magtag|0 rjt hkhercj; ao}htmhrhomholag# rcxtgca|ej# rthkxalaj# h|}hthj}arj#
hvrcj}glaüo# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej# ma|ltaeaoglaüo# h}l…
Ho lxgo}j g cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j# wxh |jo hc thlxt|j eç| x}aca{gmj rjt hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho cj| ma|}ao}j|rgå|h|# h| rthla|j wxh |h thgcalh rth~ageho}h g |x gmwxa|alaüo h aoljtrjtglaüo gc }tgdgkj lxttalxcgt#
xo goçca|a| hvfgx|}a~j mhc }tg}geaho}j wxh fglho mh cg exc}alxc}xtgcamgm q mh cg hmxlglaüo ho
~gcjth|# qg wxh cj| ljo}hoamj| q cg njteg mh hvrjohtcj| rxhmho ho}tgt ho ljo}tgmallaüo ljo cj|
jdkh}a~j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc lho}tj q |x rtjnh|jtgmj# gnago{gomj h|}hthj}arj|# gxeho}gomj hc rthkxalaj
ao}htitxrgc q mg÷gomj |ho|adcheho}h cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| gcxeoj| ia}goj|/ Rjt hccj# h|
aerth|laomadch wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| thgcalh xo goçca|a| mh cj| }hv}j|
h|ljcgth| wxh |h ~go g x}aca{gt ho lgmg h}grg q çthg }hoahomj ho lxho}g nxomgeho}gceho}h lta}htaj|
mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# |jdth }jmj lxgomj ho malfj| lho}tj| |h h|ljcgtalh gcxeogmj rht}hohlaho}h g
eaojtåg| á}oalg|/
Ho xo h|}xmaj thgca{gmj ho H|rg÷g6 |jdth hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg exc}alxc}xtgcamgm ho cj| cadtj| mh
}hv}j# |h fg ljertjdgmj wxh# |a daho fgo g~go{gmj |aioanalg}a~geho}h th|rhl}j g málgmg|
go}htajth| ho g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| &lxamgmj mhc ehmaj gedaho}h#
hmxlglaüo ~agc# aixgcmgm mh iáohtj|…!# q fgo }hoamj xo rtjith|j }go}j lxgo}a}g}a~j ljej
lxgca}g}a~j th|rhl}j g cg| thnhtholag| ho acx|}tglajoh| &nj}jitgnåg| j madxkj|! q }hv}j| h|lta}j| |jdth
rht|jog| mh itxrj| á}oalj| j lxc}xtgch| ma|}ao}j| gc egqjta}gtaj; }jmg~åg oj ljo}ahoho xo
rcgo}hgeaho}j h|rhlånalj q }tgo|~ht|gc mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# oj ao}tjmxlho hcheho}j| th%
rth|ho}g}a~j| mh cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag| rth|ho}h| ho oxh|}tj ho}jtoj# h aolcx|j ho jlg|ajoh| |x|
ljo}hoamj| |jo ljo}tgmal}jtaj| ljo cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej/ Cj| rtaolargch| th|xc}gmj|mh h|}h h|}xmaj aomalgo wxh;
g ∔∔ |h |aixho hvlcxqhomj mh}hteaogmj| itxrj| ljo itgo rth|holag ho h|}g |jlahmgm#
ljej hc rxhdcj ia}goj/
d ∔∔ho gcixog| jlg|ajoh| cg| thnhtholag| }go}j h|lta}g| ljej ho acx|}tglajoh| }tgo|ea}ho
aonjteglaüo wxh |h lho}tg |ücj ho |a}xglajoh| mh egtiaogcamgm# hvj}a|ej j
njc`cjta|ej# j thnxht{go cj| h|}hthj}arj| qg hva|}ho}h| fglag hccj|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 194/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 717/ / / / / / / / /
9%% Cg| hvrhtaholag| ho hc }tgdgkj |jdth ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc
\jo ma~ht|g| q oxehtj|g| cg| gllajoh| wxh ho eg}htag mh ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc
|h fgo thgca{gmj ho ma|}ao}j| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|/ G cg ~h{# |jo exlfg| cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|# rht|jog|q rtjitgeg| wxh fgo ao}ho}gmj glhchtgt q grjqgt h|}h rtjlh|j gdjtmgomj ma~ht|j| g|rhl}j| mhc
ea|ej# q wxh rxhmho jnthlht |jcxlajoh| rtgl}algmg|# hvrhtaeho}gmg| q ~gcjtgmg|/
9/7%% Hc gllh|j g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|
Ojtegceho}h hc gllh|j g xog h|lxhcg aongo}ac j mh rtaegtag# j g xo lho}tj mh hmxlglaüo |hlxomgtag
oj }ahoh eç| }tçea}h| wxh cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo rjt rgt}h mh cj| rgmth| |jdth cg|
lgtgl}htå|}alg| mhc lho}tj q cg eg}talxcglaüo rj|}htajt mhc gcxeoj j gcxeog# wxh |h aoljtrjtg g cg|
gxcg| h aoalag hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/
Lxgomj |h }tg}g mh gcxeogmj ia}goj# q rjoaáomjoj| ho |x rht|rhl}a~g# cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo
|jdth hc lho}tj gc wxh |h ~g g aoljtrjtgt h| eç| ljerchkg; cj| rgmth| |h rcgo}hgo# gmheç| mh cj
go}htajt# hc }arj mh }tg}j wxh hc lho}tj q hc rtjnh|jtgmj }ahoho fglag cg| eaojtåg|# cg| thnhtholag| wxh
holxho}tg |jdth |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# hc gljiaeaho}j ho}th cj| ljerg÷htj| mh |x fakj*g# …
]jmj cj wxh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g &lho}tj# rtjnh|jtgmj# hwxarj mathl}a~j# rht|jogc mh grjqj
gmeaoa|}tg}a~j j mh |ht~alaj| hv}tgh|ljcgth|# g|jlaglaüo mh rgmth| j mh go}aixj| gcxeoj|! fgig ljo hc nao
mh nglaca}gt xo gmhlxgmj gllh|j h aoljtrjtglaüo mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj# ho ljcgdjtglaüo ljo cj| giho}h|
hv}htoj|# |htç ho dhohnalaj mh xo gmhlxgmj rtjlh|j mh ojtegca{glaüo ho hc th|}j mh ~gtagdch|/
9/4%% Cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ta}ej|# tx}aog| q ojteg| h|ljcgth|
\hiûo cg rhtlhrlaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj# wxa{ç| |hg á|}g cg ~gtagdch mh cg ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g wxh
eç| th|gc}g cg manhtholag ho}th hc gcxeogmj ia}goj q mh cg egqjtåg lxc}xtgc rth|ho}h ho xo lho}tj# qg
wxh |jo g|rhl}j| wxh th|rjomho gc ccgegmj –lxttålxcj jlxc}j―; |jo aercåla}j|# |h grthomho rjt
jd|ht~glaüo j rjt aonhtholag# oj |jo ohijlagdch| g rtajta# h aoncxqho ho hc rtjlh|j mh grthoma{gkh ho
cg ehmamg wxh rhtea}ho j manalxc}go cg rgt}alarglaüo mhc oa÷j ho ác q hc hkhtlalaj mhc rgrhc mhcrtjnh|jt/
Cj| rtjdcheg| eç| oj}gdch| thcglajogmj| ljo h|}g ~gtagdch |xhcho thlght ho cg g|a|}holag &oa~hc mh
gd|ho}a|ej!# cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh ljexoalglaüo &h|lxlfgt# th|rjomht# th|rh}gt }xtoj|…!# cg
th|jcxlaüo mh cj| ljoncal}j| mh thcglaüo ljo ljerg÷htj| j ljo rtjnh|jth|# cg faiahoh q lxamgmj
rht|jogc q hc th|rh}j g cg| ojteg| |jdth cj| h|rglaj|# cj| }aherj| q cj| thlxt|j|/
9/<%% Cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj
Hc itgmj mh ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| gcxeoj| ia}goj| mhrhomh mhc }arj mh thcglajoh| wxh
h|}gdch{lgo ljo |x| ljerg÷htj| q rtjnh|jth|# wxh rxhmho |ht mh mj| }arj|; thcglajoh|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 195/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/714/ / / / / / / / /
|xrhtnalagch|# wxh aercalgo xo h|lg|j itgmj mh ljertjea|j ao}htrht|jogc# q thcglajoh| h|}thlfg|
mh gea|}gm# wxh aercalgo gc}j| itgmj| mh ljertjea|j h ao}htgllaüo rht|jogc/
H| h|}h ûc}aej }arj hc wxh rxhmh rj|adaca}gt xog ehkjt ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mhc gcxeogmj mh eaojtåg| rjt cj
wxh h| ohlh|gtaj ng~jthlht# ho cj| ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j|# |a}xglajoh| wxh manålaceho}h |h mgo mh njtegh|rjo}çohg &h|ljcgth| q hv}tgh|ljcgth|!# ho cg| wxh |h rtjmx{lg ljo}gl}j ao}htitxrgc ljo cg |xnalaho}h
ao}ho|amgm q mxtglaüo ljej rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht thcglajoh| h|}thlfg| mh gea|}gm ljo cj| ljerg÷htj|
mh cj| j}tj| itxrj| á}oalj|# q wxh rhtea}go# g |x ~h{# rtjrjtlajogt hvrhtaholag| ho cg| wxh cj| eahedtj|
mh cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| }hoigo xo h|}g}x| |aeacgt q ljjrhtho ho cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh cj| ea|ej| jdkh}a~j|/
Malfg| |a}xglajoh| |h rxhmho njeho}gt g rgt}at mh eh}jmjcjiåg| ljej;
∔∔hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# wxh rth}homh ng~jthlht hc h|}gdchlaeaho}j mh thcglajoh|
ao}htá}oalg| mh gea|}gm g rgt}at mh cg g}tgllaüo wxh |h rtjmxlh ho}th cj| eahedtj| mh
manhtho}h| itxrj| á}oalj| lxgomj |h h|nxht{go rjt gclgo{gt eh}g| ljergt}amg|0
∔∔ cg ma|lx|aüo q thrth|ho}glaüo mh cj| ljoncal}j| jtaiaogmj| rjt cj| rthkxalaj| g rgt}at mhfa|}jtag| |jdth lüej |h njtego q hc mg÷j wxh rtjmxlho# ljo hc jdkh}j mh mh|gttjccgt cg
}jchtgolag g cg ma~ht|amgm q cg herg}åg fglag cj| itxrj| wxh |jo jdkh}j mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo0
∔∔ cg ljjrhtglaüo ho h|rglaj| cûmalj| ljergt}amj| &thlthj# }aherj cadth#///!# lthgomj
oxh~j| kxhij| q |a}xglajoh| mjomh }jmj| cj| oa÷j| }hoigo |aeacgth| mh|}th{g| q*j
ljcgdjtho ho cg gmwxa|alaüo mh cg| ea|eg|0
∔∔ cg rgt}alarglaüo mhejltç}alg q gmgr}gmg mhc gcxeogmj# ho g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo
|x ~amg ho hc lho}tj# mh egohtg wxh |h ng~jth{lg hc grthoma{gkh mh cg th|jcxlaüo mh cj|
ljoncal}j| mh egohtg ljo|}txl}a~g q cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| |jdth cg ljo~a~holag/
]jmj| h|}j| g|rhl}j|# rhtj rtaolargceho}h cj| thcglajogmj| ljo hc grthoma{gkh mh cg ljjrhtglaüo#
mh cg| fgdacamgmh| mh th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| q mh cg rgt}alarglaüo mhejltç}alg# |jo jdkh}a~j| wxh
rhtea}ho mh|gttjccgt aerjt}go}h| lgrglamgmh| rht|jogch| ho }jmj gcxeogmj# q rxhmho }tgdgkgt|h
}go}j ho h|rglaj| mh hmxlglaüo njtegc ljej oj njtegc# mh|rxá| mhc fjtgtaj chl}a~j# mho}tj j nxhtg
mh cj| ljchiaj| q mh egohtg ljercheho}gtag0 ho h|}j| ûc}aej| h|rglaj|# ma~ht|g| ho}amgmh| q
giho}h| ~ahoho mh|gttjccgomj gllajoh| dgkj cg mhojeaoglaüo mh rtjitgeg| |jlajhmxlg}a~j|#
rtjitgeg| mh grjqj q |hixaeaho}j h|ljcgt j rtjitgeg| mh ljerho|glaüo hv}htog/
Rjt j}tj cgmj# hva|}h g ~hlh| hc tah|ij mh wxh cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj }ahoh fglag hc
gcxeogmj rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg| |hgo dgkg| q mh wxh cg| thcglajoh| h|}gdchlamg| ho}thgedj| |hgo ohig}a~g|/ H|}j |xhch |ht rtjmxlamj rjt cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh hva|}ho ho jlg|ajoh| rgtg
g}homht gmhlxgmgeho}h cg fh}htjihohamgm mh cg| gxcg| q g cj| gcxeoj| eç| ma|txr}a~j|/ Mh }jmj
hccj |h mhmxlh cg ohlh|amgm mh ng~jthlht lgedaj| ho hc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt mh egohtg wxh hc ljo}tjc
mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| mhkh mh h|}gt lho}tgmj ho ác q rg|h g |ht ljergt}amj rjt }jmg cg lcg|h# q hc
rtjnh|jt |h }tgo|njteh g|å ho gcixaho ma|rjoadch rgtg nglaca}gt cg ljo|}txllaüo mh ~gcjth| q cg ehkjtg
mh cg lgcamgm mh cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h h|}gdchlho ho cg h|lxhcg# gxeho}gomj |x |g}a|ngllaüo ljo hc
}tgdgkj mjlho}h/
Oj jd|}go}h# h| aerjt}go}h }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cj| oa÷j| rht}hohlaho}h| g eaojtåg| á}oalg|# |jdth
}jmj cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|# rxhmho }hoht xog ohlh|amgm egqjt mh gnhl}a~amgm wxh hc th|}j mhljerg÷htj|# daho rjt h|}gt ho xog |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajngeacagt &gxowxh oj |h mg ho }jmj|
cj| lg|j|!# j daho rjt |ht xog lgtgl}htå|}alg eç| ao}tåo|hlg g |x rtjrag lxc}xtg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 196/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 71</ / / / / / / / /
9/=%% Cj| cjitj| h|ljcgth|
Glhr}gt cg ma~ht|amgm mh oa~hch|# mh lgrglamgmh|# mh ao}hth|h| q mh lxc}xtg|# ho}th j}tg|# ho hc ljo}hv}j
hmxlg}a~j |xrjoh glhr}gt wxh hc lxttålxcxe glgmáealj q h|ljcgt mhdh |ht rtaehtgeho}h nchvadch qgmgr}gdch rgtg igtgo}a{gt cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| ho }jmj hc gcxeogmj/ H| aerjt}go}h }hoht ho
lxho}g cg manhtholag mh rgt}amg ho}th cj| gcxeoj| &ho h|}h lg|j ia}goj| q mh j}tg| eaojtåg|! rgtg# ho}th
j}tg| lj|g|# oj jdcaigtch g jr}gt ho}th |x lxc}xtg q cg lxc}xtg h|ljcgt# ljo }jmj cj wxh hccj aercalg mh
tah|ij rgtg cg ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g q rgtg |x rtjraj mh|gttjccj rht|jogc/
H| rthla|j wxh cg| rtjitgeglajoh| mh gxcg h|}áo ma|h÷gmg| q mh|gttjccgmg| mh }gc egohtg wxh
rhtea}go th|rjomht g cg ma~ht|amgm mh lgrglamgmh|# ao}hth|h| q ej}a~glajoh| mh xo itxrj
ljolth}j/ Cj| rtaolaraj| nxomgeho}gch| mh cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j|
ao}htá}oalj| mhdho h|}gt thljiamj| ho hc Rtjqhl}j Hmxlg}a~j/ Malfg g}holaüo hvaih thgca{gt
gmgr}glajoh| lxttalxcgth| ho cj| ma|}ao}j| oa~hch| mh ljolthlaüo &Rtjqhl}j Lxttalxcgt mh Lho}tj qmh H}grg# Rtjitgeglajoh| mh lalcj q mh gxcg!0 gmgr}glajoh| wxh rxhmho aercalgt; jtigoa{glaüo mh
itxrj| nchvadch| mh }tgdgkj# aoltheho}j mh thlxt|j| eg}htagch| j rht|jogch|# q lgedaj| ho
hcheho}j| jtigoa{g}a~j|# eh}jmjcüialj|# thcglajogch|# mh gl}a~amgmh|# ljo}hoamj| x jdkh}a~j|/
Ljo~ahoh |h÷gcgt wxh malfg| gmgr}glajoh| mhdho ng~jthlht xo mh|gttjccj ür}aej ho }jmj| cj|
gcxeoj| &oj |ücj ho gcxeoj| rht}hohlaho}h| g eaojtåg| á}oalg| |aoj }gedaáo ho hc th|}j!/
Cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh }jmj| cj| aercalgmj| ho hc rtjlh|j mh rtjej~ht hc ür}aej mh|gttjccj mh lgmg
gcxeoj &rtjnh|jt }x}jt q mh grjqj# jtaho}gmjt r|aljrhmgiüialj# hwxarj exc}artjnh|ajogc# giho}h|
|jlagch|///! g|å ljej cg ljexoalglaüo ncxamg ljo cg ngeacag# |jo aerth|laomadch| ho h|}h |ho}amj/ Hc
}tgdgkj ljokxo}j ho}h hc rtjnh|jt }x}jt q j}tj| rtjnh|jth| mh grjqj mho}tj mh lcg|h h| xog
h|}tg}hiag exq gmhlxgmg rgtg ng~jthlht hc mh|gttjccj mh cg }jchtgolag q ljo|hixat ehkjth|
th|xc}gmj| ho thomaeaho}j glgmáealj q thcglajoh| |jlagch| ho gcxeoj| ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg
|jlajlxc}xtgc j rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg|# qg wxh hc |a|}heg mh cch~gt g cj| gcxeoj| ho
mh|~ho}gkg g gxcg| h|rhlånalgeho}h mh|}aogmg| g lcg|h| mh hmxlglaüo ljerho|g}jtag rxhmh
ng~jthlht hc h}awxh}gmj mh malfj| gcxeoj| rjt |x| ljerg÷htj| q rjt cj| ea|ej| rtjnh|jth|# mh
egohtg wxh |h thmxlho cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| hmxlg}a~g| |jdth hccj| q gxeho}g hc tah|ij mh ma|eaoxat cg
g}holaüo mhmalgmg g h|}j| h|}xmago}h| q hc h|nxht{j rht|jogc rgtg |x grthoma{gkh/ ]gedaáo cj|
rtjraj| gcxeoj| ho mh|~ho}gkg ljttho hc tah|ij mh ao}htajta{gt h|}g| ~gcjtglajoh|# ma|eaoxqhomj
|x| hvrhl}g}a~g| |jdth hc grthoma{gkh h|ljcgt q |x |ho}amj mh ljerh}holag rht|jogc/
Xoj mh cj| rtjlh|j| eç| aerjt}go}h| ho cg g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g mhc gcxeogmj ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg
j rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg| h| hc magioü|}alj j cg h~gcxglaüo aoalagc mh |x| ohlh|amgmh| ho hc
}htthoj h|ljcgt# aolcxqhomj }gedaáo |x ho}jtoj |jlagc q ngeacagt/ Xog h~gcxglaüo ljtthl}g q g }aherj h|
aerth|laomadch rgtg gmjr}gt cg| ehmamg| rhmgiüialg| jrjt}xog|# gmgr}gt hc lxttålxcxe q herchgt cj|
thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| wxh rhtea}go g h|}h gcxeogmj mh|gttjccgt }jmg| |x| lgrglamgmh| ljej xo mhthlfj
rtjraj/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj rjmtåg th|xc}gt û}ac lthgt xo |a|}heg mh aonjteglaüo njtegc# h|lta}j q h|}gdch wxh
aolcxqg fa|}jtagc glgmáealj# hc thia|}tj mh cg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| thgca{gmg| ljo hc gcxeoj q cj|
th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| g }tg~á| mh xo |hixaeaho}j rtüvaej q rthla|j/
Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg nchvadacamgm q cg ma~ht|analglaüo mh cj| eá}jmj| mh ho|h÷go{g ljo}tadxqh g
ng~jthlht cg ej}a~glaüo ihohtgc mhc gcxeogmj# gc h~a}gt cg ejoj}joåg mh xo eá}jmj ûoalj mh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 197/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/71=/ / / / / / / / /
ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh/ Cj| eá}jmj| wxh |h grjqgo ho hc }tgdgkj ho itxrj# ljej hc grthoma{gkh
ljjrhtg}a~j# |jo xog hvlhcho}h jrjt}xoamgm rgtg cj| gcxeoj| ho mh|~ho}gkg mh holjo}tgt cg|
gl}a~amgmh| eç| ej}a~gmjtg| q |aioanalg}a~g|# grthomht g }tg~á| mh cg ljjrhtglaüo q ma|rjoht mh xog
gqxmg lhtlgog ho cg| }gthg| h|ljcgth| g }tg~á| mh |x| rtjraj| ljerg÷htj| mh lcg|h# wxh gmheç| |hholxho}tgo ho |x {jog mh mh|gttjccj rtüvaej q rjt cj }go}j rxhmho fglht cj| ljo}hoamj| nçlaceho}h
ljertho|adch|/ Á|}j|# g |x ~h{# ljertxhdgo |x rtjrag hnalglag gc hvrcalgt cj| ljo}hoamj| g j}tj|
ljerg÷htj|# jtigoa{go ljioa}a~geho}h exlfj ehkjt cj grthomamj# cj g|aeacgo eç| q mh|gttjccgo cg
herg}åg q cg }jchtgolag g }tg~á| mh cg ljcgdjtglaüo/ Xoj| q j}tj| grthomho g h|njt{gt|h ho cg| }gthg|
glgmáealg| ljjrhtgomj ljo ljerg÷htj| wxh |jo gc ea|ej }aherj aixgch| q manhtho}h|/
Gmheç| h|}h }arj mh eh}jmjcjiåg| }ahoh j}tj ~gcjt g÷gmamj rgtg hc }heg wxh gwxå oj| jlxrg; hc
lgedaj ho cg rhtlhrlaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mhc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt# qg wxh ljo cg grcalglaüo mhc
grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j hc ljo}tjc mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| h|ljcgth| oj |h lho}tg ho hc rtjnh|jt |aoj wxh
rg|g g |ht ljergt}amj rjt }jmg cg lcg|h# ng~jthlahomj hc mh|gttjccj mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm rht|jogcho hc gcxeogmj q cg }tgo|njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jt ho gcixaho ma|rjoadch rgtg nglaca}gt hc rtjlh|j mh
ljo|}txllaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q mh ~gcjth|/
9/8%%Thcglaüo mh cg ngeacag ljo cg h|lxhcg
Cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg ngeacag aolamho mh xo ejmj ltxlagc ho cg gmgr}glaüo mhc gcxeoj g cg
h|lxhcg q ho }jmg| |x| gl}a~amgmh| h|ljcgth|# g|å ljej ho |x thomaeaho}j h|ljcgt/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cj|
rgmth| rxhmho gqxmgt gc rtjith|j mh |x| fakj| q ljo}tadxat g igtgo}a{gt cg hnalglag mh cg hmxlglaüo njtegc#
rjt cj wxh mhdh ng~jthlht|h }jmj cj rj|adch cg ljcgdjtglaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg gtda}tgomj cj| ehmaj|
jrjt}xoj| rgtg hccj# q ho rtaolaraj mh|mh mj| mathllajoh| ljercheho}gtag|;
g ∔∔g }tg~á| mh cg grht}xtg mh cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth|# nglaca}gomj cg ljjrhtglaüo ljo cg
ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh cj| giho}h| hv}htoj| wxh mh|gttjccgo xo }tgdgkj mathl}j ljo
cg| eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch|0
d ∔∔ q g }tg~á| mh cg ~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg| eaojtåg| ho hc ljo}hv}j h|ljcgt# ljo lho}tj|
hmxlg}a~j| eç| |ho|adch| h ao}htlxc}xtgch|# mjomh h|}j| itxrj| |h holxho}tho
thrth|ho}gmj| q mjomh |h nglaca}h |x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g }go}j ho cj| rtjlh|j|hmxlg}a~j| ljej ho cg rtjrag ljo~a~holag ho hc lho}tj/
Ljo|amhtgt cg |a}xglaüo ngeacagt q |jlajlxc}xtgc mhc gcxeoj# gqxmgtç gc rtjnh|jt g ljerthomht ehkjt |x
fa|}jtag q lgtgl}htå|}alg| rht|jogch| q |jlagch| g|å ljej g ho}homht ehkjt |x| manalxc}gmh| ho hc çeda}j
ngeacagt wxh th~aht}ho |ao mxmg ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| rxhmho |ht~at
mh ehlgoa|ej ljerho|gmjt mh |a}xglajoh| go}htajth| mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajlxc}xtgc/
Rhtj cg thgcamgm mh oxh|}tj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| mhexh|}tg wxh ihohtgceho}h |ücj |h }jeg
ljo}gl}j ljo cg| ngeacag| lxgomj fgq rtjdcheg|# cj wxh ej}a~g wxh cj| rgmth| |h glhtwxho ho
|a}xglaüo mh aomhnho|aüo# ljo }hejt q |ho}aeaho}j mh lxcrg/ Gmheç|# ho hc lg|j mh exlfg| mh cg|ngeacag| ia}gog|# oj fgq gmhlxglaüo ho hc choixgkh oa ho cj| ehlgoa|ej| mh ljexoalglaüo wxh |h
herchgo gc mataiat|h g hccg q }ahomh g mhta~gt |x g}holaüo g cj| \ht~alaj| \jlagch|0 gc ea|ej }aherj# cg
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 198/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 718/ / / / / / / / /
ljexoalglaüo ho}th ngeacag q rtjnh|jtgmj |h fglh manålac q á|}h |h |aho}h ntx|}tgmj rjtwxh cj|
rgmth| oj thljojlho |x cgdjt/
Cg| manhtholag| lxc}xtgch|# |jlajhljoüealg| q hmxlg}a~g| ho}th cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg rxhmho cch~gtg |a}xglajoh| mh lfjwxh ho}th gedj| ljo}hv}j|0 lfjwxh wxh# ho exlfj| lg|j|# h| mhdamj g
manhtholag| ho rxo}j| mh ~a|}g q mh x}aca{glaüo mhc choixgkh g|å ljej g cg| ohig}a~g| j h|lg|g|
hvrhtaholag| h|ljcgth| mh cj| rtjraj| rgmth|/ G ~hlh|# aolcx|j# |h rtjmxlh lxgomj cj| rgmth|
lxcrgo gc rtjnh|jt rjt hc dgkj thomaeaho}j mh |x| gcxeoj| q á|}h lxcrg g cj| rgmth| rjt cg|
manhtholag| lxc}xtgch|# hljoüealg| q*j á}oalg| wxh ljo|amhtg lgx|g| mh cj| rtjdcheg| h|ljcgth|/
Hc h|}gdchlht xog thcglaüo mh ljcgdjtglaüo q ljexoalglaüo ncxamg ho}th cj| rgmth| q cg h|lxhcg q
|xrhtgt rj|adch| thcglajoh| mh glx|glajoh| ex}xg|# gqxmgtç g th|jc~ht cj| rtjdcheg| hmxlg}a~j|
mh cj| gcxeoj|/ H| aerjt}go}h ho h|}h |ho}amj h|}aexcgt cg| mhegomg| mh aonjteglaüo mh cj|
rgmth| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q ego}hohtch| aonjtegmj| gc ea|ej }aherj |jdth hc rtjlh|jhmxlg}a~j mh |x| fakj| mh|mh hc rtaolaraj# ej}a~gomj hc gljiaeaho}j aoalagc q |x rgt}alarglaüo ho cg
}jeg mh mhla|ajoh| mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| thch~go}h| rgtg malfj rtjlh|j0 mh h|g egohtg# cj| rgmth|
ljerthomhtço ehkjt cg hmxlglaüo njtegc q |h |ho}atço rgt}h mh hccg# gxeho}gomj |x
th|rjo|gdacamgm# cj wxh ng~jthlhtç wxh rxhmgo ho|h÷gt ehkjt g |x| fakj| g ljerthomht cj|
jdkh}a~j| hmxlg}a~j| q hc lxttålxcxe jlxc}j# q g gmgr}gt|h g hccj| |ao |gltanalgt |x rtjraj mh|gttjccj/
Aonjteh| gdaht}j| wxh rtjrjtlajoho oj}alag| rj|a}a~g|# itg}analgo}h|# thnjt{gt cg| ljomxl}g| mh
glhtlgeaho}j# lthgt cg naixtg mh rgmth*egmth ljjtmaogmjt*g mh gxcg ljo cg nxolaüo mh hcheho}j
|ho|jt mh lüej h|}ç nxolajogomj cg lcg|h# thljiht holxh|}g| rhtaümalg| mh |g}a|ngllaüo mh
ngeacag| ho cg| wxh wxhmh thnchkgmj hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm# rtjej~ht cg gllh|adacamgm mh cg|
ngeacag| g cg ao|rhllaüo oj ohlh|gtageho}h go}h ljoncal}j| itg~h|# mgt g ljojlht cg chia|cglaüo# cj|
thlxt|j| q cj| lgxlh| mh gllh|j g hccj| rgtg wxh cg| ngeacag| rxhmgo mhegomgtcj| mh egohtg
hnhl}a~g# h}l/ rxhmho |ht h|}tg}hiag| gmhlxgmg|/
Ho cg }gthg mh ehkjtgt cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| mh cg ngeacag fglag cg h|lxhcg q |x aercalglaüo ho hccg#
gmheç| mh cg rtjrag h|lxhcg# mhdhtço aercalgt|h }jmj| gwxhccj| giho}h| wxh mh|mh ma|}ao}j|
lgerj| ao}ht~ahoho ljo cg ljexoamgm ia}gog &|ht~alaj| |jlagch|# g|jlaglajoh|# h}l///!/ H|}g }gthg
|htç exlfj eç| hnalg{ ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h thgcalh ho ljjtmaoglaüo ljo cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| q
ho cg ehmamg ho wxh rgt}alarho gl}a~geho}h eahedtj| mh cg rtjrag ljexoamgm# wxh |at~go mhrxho}h ho}th cg| ma|}ao}g| rgt}h|/ Hva|}h ho cg gl}xgcamgm xo gc}j ljo|ho|j ho thljojlht wxh cj
nxomgeho}gc rgtg cjitgt h|}g ljjtmaoglaüo h| cg gl}a}xm mhc hwxarj mjlho}h/
Hc ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo ljej njteglaüo rgtg cg ~amg oj |h lahttg ho hc lho}tj h|ljcgt ljej ûoalj
h|rglaj mh mh|gttjccj0 h| aerth|laomadch wxh ljo}aoûh ljo xog gllaüo eç| gdaht}g g cg {jog mjomh ~a~h hc
gcxeogmj# rgt}ahomj mh cg*cg| lxc}xtg*| q cj| thlxt|j| mhc gedaho}h# mh egohtg wxh |h mh|gttjccho cg|
lgrglamgmh| wxh ch rj|adaca}ho ao}hitgt|h ho xog |jlahmgm ho ljo|}go}h rtjith|j# h|}aexcgomj q
~gcjtgomj hvrhtaholag| q rtjqhl}j| wxh rj}holaho |x mh|gttjccj ao}hitgc# cg egmxtglaüo q cg nxolajogcamgm
mh cj| grthoma{gkh|/ H|}g grht}xtg mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# q rjt ljo|aixaho}h mh |x| hwxarj| mh
rtjnh|ajogch|# g cg| gl}a~amgmh| mh cg ljexoamgm j mhc dgttaj rhtea}atç xo egqjt itgmj mh rgt}alarglaüomhc gcxeogmj q |x| ngeacag|# ao|ht}gomj cg gl}a~amgm hmxlg}a~g ho hc ljo}hv}j |jlajlxc}xtgc ho hc wxh |h
mh|ho~xhc~ho/ Cj| giho}h| |jlajhmxlg}a~j|# cg| g|jlaglajoh|# wxh |h xdalgo ho h|}j| ljo}hv}j|
rxhmho |ht }gedaáo gwxå xo thnhtho}h hnhl}a~j rgtg cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| ho hc cjitj mh h|}j| jdkh}a~j|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 199/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/71>/ / / / / / / / /
HVLHCHOLAGGLGMÁEALG HO XODGTTAJ FXEACMH Q
LJO GC]G
RTH\HOLAG MH
AOEAITGO]H\;LHO]TJ MHNJTEGLAÜO RGMTH
RAWXHT# MH EGMTAM/
LGRÅ]XCJ72
Hwxarj mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht<7
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 200/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 719/ / / / / / / / /
Cj| jtåihoh| mhc Lho}tj –|h thejo}go g 7142# lxgomj ~gtaj| rgmth| kh|xa}g|# q ho h|rhlagc Kj|á
Egtåg Txdaj q Go}joaj Egtåg Igtlåg Extig# }tgdgkgtjo ljo cg rjdcglaüo mhc dgttaj mh Cg ^ho}accg ho
hc çeda}j lxc}xtgc# thcaiaj|j q h|rata}xgc/ Ho 71<7 |h ljo|}txqü xo ljerchkj ljo H|lxhcg# Aich|ag q
Ma|rho|gtaj wxh gqxmü g rgcagt cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg rthlgtag| mh h|}g rjdcglaüo/ Hc ljchiajmhdh |x ojedth gc |glhtmj}h |hlxcgt M/ Ntgola|lj Rawxht q Txmaccg wxh nxomü hc Ejo}h mh Rahmgm
mh Egmtam ljo hc nao mh gqxmgt g cj| eç| ohlh|a}gmj| ho cj| ljeaho{j| mhc |aicj V^AAA/ Hc < mh
jl}xdth mh 71>8 |h ehkjtü h|h ljchiaj rgttjwxagc ljcjlgomj cg rtaehtg rahmtg mh cg| H|lxhcg|
Rtjnh|ajogch|# fjq Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht/ Ho 71>> ljeho{gtjo cg| rtaehtg| lcg|h|/
Mh|mh ho}jolh| fg rtaegmj cg aoalag}a~g |jlagc q fg |amj xo lho}tj racj}j mh aercgo}glaüo mh
thnjteg| h aooj~glajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/ Hc Lho}tj mh|}glg fjq rjt |x aooj~glaüo hmxlg}a~g q cg
ao}hitglaüo mh aoeaitgo}h| ho |x gcxeogmj# g|å ljej rjt xog cgtig }tgqhl}jtag ho cg njteglaüo
rtjnh|ajogc/ Ho hc g÷j 4221 thladaü hc |hccj mh Hvlhcholag Hxtjrhg =22―<4# j}jtigmj rjt cg Dxthgx
^hta}g| Lht}analg}ajo/
Hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht mh cg Jdtg \jlagc Lgkg Egmtam h|}ç |a}xgmj ho hc dgttaj mh Cg^ho}accg# ho Egmtam; xo dgttaj fxeacmh ljo eç| mh xo <2( mh rjdcglaüo aoeaitgmg/ Hc oa~hc
|jlajhljoüealj mh |x| ngeacag| h| ehmaj%dgkj# rhtj hc áva}j h|ljcgt h| mh xo 64(# ljo eç| mh xo
<8( mh gcxeoj| aoeaitgo}h|# rtjlhmho}h| mh 49 oglajogcamgmh| manhtho}h|/ H|}g lantg mh áva}j h|
exq |xrhtajt g cg ehmag h|rg÷jcg q# exlfj eç|# |a |h ljergtg ljo cg| lantg| ljtth|rjomaho}h| gc
jtaiho |jlagc mh cg| ngeacag| q mhc dgttaj ho hc wxh |h xdalg hc Lho}tj<</ Gmheç|# |xrhtg ho }jmj| cj|
oa~hch| cj| ~gcjth| ehmaj| mh cg Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam/ Rgtg hccj# lxho}g ljo rtjitgeg|
gmgr}gmj| g –}jmg| cg| ohlh|amgmh|# }jmg| cg| hmgmh| q }jmj| cj| rhtnach| rht|jogch|/ Xo
aerjt}go}h th|xc}gmj mhc dxho fglht mh h|}h Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo |jo cg| gc}g| lantg| mh herchj mh
|x| gcxeoj|# aolcx|j ho rhtåjmj| mh lta|a| ljej cj| wxh h|}gej| ~a~ahomj―<=/ Gmheç|# h|}h jnthlh
xog hmxlglaüo ao}hitgmjtg q ljertjeh}amg ho cg ao|htlaüo |jlagc# lxc}xtgc q cgdjtgc mh |x|
gcxeoj|/ Cj wxh |h rth}homh# ho mhnaoa}a~g# h| njtegt fjedth| q exkhth| ljerh}ho}h|#
ljo|laho}h| q ljertjeh}amj|# mh|mh cg ao|ratglaüo lta|}agog mhc Lho}tj/ Cg ea|aüo hmxlg}a~g q
h~goihca{gmjtg mh h|}h }arj mh Lho}tj| ho cg gl}xgcamgm mhdh g}homht g cj| th}j| wxh hc ljo}hv}j
lxc}xtgc# |jlagc q herth|gtagc mh fjq ch| rcgo}hgo/ Rjt hccj# h|}h q j}tj| Lho}tj| grxh|}go rjt cg
hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc q cg rtjith|a~g rtjejlaüo mh cg maeho|aüo aolcx|a~g mh cj| rtjraj| Lho}tj|0
rjt hccj |h gdth# |ao hvlcx|a~a|ej|# g }jmg| cg| lcg|h| |jlagch|# ljo xog h|rhlagc g}holaüo g cj|
oa÷j| q kü~hoh| eç| ohlh|a}gmj| mh hmxlglaüo# ihohtgceho}h rht}hohlaho}h| g ljchl}a~j| mh
aoeaitgo}h| j ljchl}a~j| |jlaj%hljoüealgeho}h rjdth| j mhrtaeamj|# fglahomj thgcamgm cg jrlaüo
rthnhtholagc rjt cj| eç| ohlh|a}gmj|<8
/
<7 Rgtg lxgcwxaht ljo|xc}g rxhmho mataiat|h gc Mathl}jt mhc Lho}tj# Çoihc \httgoj/ \x ljtthj h|;
mathl}jtBrgmthrawxht/oh}/<4 Lho}tj Njteg}a~j Rgmth Rawxht mh Jdtg \jlagc Lgkg Egmtam/ Ho Th~a|}g Hllch|ag Maia}gc # =%77%
4272/ Ma|rjoadch jocaoh hc 47%77%4277 ho cg rçiaog; ;
f}}r;**yyy/th~a|}ghllch|ag/lje*ljo}ho}*~ahy*47<<1*/<< Nhtoçomh{# E/0 Ehog# C/# q Ta~ahth# K/ &4272!/ Ntglg|j q gdgomjoj h|ljcgt ho H|rg÷g#
Ljchllaüo mh H|}xmaj| \jlagch| o» 41/ Dgtlhcjog# Nxomglaüo Cg Lgavg/<=
GDL# Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht/ Xo rtjqhl}j rhmgiüialj mh hvlhcholag gc gclgolh mh}jmj|# \xrcheho}j# |hllaüo lxc}xtg# 4>%7%4277/ Ma|rjoadch jocaoh<8 Lho}tj Njteg}a~j Rgmth Rawxht mh Jdtg \jlagc Lgkg Egmtam# Th~a|}g Hllch|ag Maia}gc # =%77%
4272/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 201/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/716/ / / / / / / / /
Rgtg hccj# hc ljchiaj njteg xog rcg}gnjteg ljo cg rgttjwxag kh|xa}g \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht q hc lho}tj
|jlagc rgtg aoeaitgo}h| Rxhdcj| Xoamj|# }gedaáo mh cj| kh|xa}g|/ Rhtj mho}tj mhc ljchiaj |h fg
mh|gttjccgmj xog h|}txl}xtg ljerchkg wxh aergt}h cj| oa~hch| hmxlg}a~j| thicgmj| mh \hlxomgtag#
Dglfacchtg}j# Lalcj| njteg}a~j| mh Njteglaüo Rtjnh|ajogc mh Itgmj Ehmaj q \xrhtajt q Rtjitgeg|mh Lxgcanalglaüo Rtjnh|ajogc Aoalagc# g|å ljej eümxcj| mh Njteglaüo rgtg rht|jog| ho mh|herchj#
gmheç| mh cg| gxcg| exc}a}gthg q mhc Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag|# h|}h ûc}aej ho ljcgdjtglaüo
ljo cg Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analag Ljeaccg|/ Hc ljo~hoaj ljo Lgkg Egmtam# fjq Dgo`ag# ch rhtea}h grcalgt
hc x|j mh cg| oxh~g| }hlojcjiåg|# g|å ljej cg ljcgdjtglaüo mhc exomj herth|gtagc/ G|aea|ej
mh|}glg rjt hc grthoma{gkh ho hwxarj q xo rtjnh|jtgmj mh hvlhcholag q nxht}heho}h ljertjeh}amj
ljo cg cgdjt mjlho}h q ljo cg cgdjt hmxlg}a~g q |jlagc mh cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|<>/
7%% Cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhc gcxeogmj; eç| gccç mh cg oglajogcamgm
Hc gcxeogmj –mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|― oj rxhmh |ht gdjtmgmj mh|mh cg lxh|}aüo mh cg ehtg
oglajogcamgm/ Exlfj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| q xo oûehtj lthlaho}h mh kü~hoh| }ahoho qg j atço gllhmahomj g cg
oglajogcamgm h|rg÷jcg# mh|grgthlahomj mh cj| thia|}tj| ljej gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj# cj lxgc oj th|}g
xo çralh mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc wxh fhthmgo mh |x| ngeacag|# ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg|
lgtgl}htå|}alg| eç| j ehoj| ~a|adch| mh ma~ht|amgm á}oalg j thcaiaj|g/ Rjt hccj# h|}j| gcxeoj|
oglajogca{gmj| wxhmgo aolcxamj| }gedaáo ljej gcxeoj| –hv}tgokhtj|―/ Mh h|}g njteg# cg h~jcxlaüo
mh cj| gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| ho hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht fg gxeho}gmj ho rtjrjtlaüo g÷j
}tg| g÷j &naixtg 7!# mh|mh xo 9( ho hc lxt|j 4227%24# fg|}g lg|a xo <>( ho hc lxt|j 4277%74/ Q mh cg|
49 oglajogcamgmh| hv}tgokhtg| rth|ho}h| ho hc lho}tj# cg| mj| egqjta}gtag| |jo Hlxgmjt q Egttxhlj|/
Naixtg 7
Gcxeogmj –hv}tgokhtj― ho hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht
Nxho}h; hcgdjtglaüo rtjrag g rgt}at mh cj| mg}j| mhc rtjraj Lho}tj/
<> Amhe/
4 2 2 7
* 2 4
2
8
72
78
42
48
<2
<8
=2
4 2 2 4
* 2 <
4 2 2 <
* 2 =
4 2 2 =
* 2 8
4 2 2 8
* 2 >
4 2 2 >
* 2 9
4 2 2 9
* 2 6
4 2 2 6
* 2 1
4 2 2 1
* 7 2
4 2 7 2 * 7
7
4 2 7 7 * 7 4
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 202/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 711/ / / / / / / / /
Cj| gcxeoj| oglajogca{gmj| fgo rg|gmj mh 82 ho hc lxt|j 4229%26 g 76< ho hc lxt|j 4277%74/ Ho
h|}h ûc}aej lxt|j# h|j| 76< gcxeoj| q gcxeog| oglajogca{gmj| |xrjoho xo =1#9( mhc }j}gc mh
gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj &<>6 gcxeoj| q gcxeog|!/ \h jd|ht~g xo mh|lho|j mhc oûehtj mh gcxeoj| mh
jtaiho hv}tgokhtj |hiûo g~go{go mho}tj mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ H|}h mh|lho|j |h mhdh g ~gtag|tg{joh|; cg oj jdcaig}jtahmgm mh h|ljcgta{glaüo xog ~h{ lxercamj| cj| 7> g÷j|# hc gdgomjoj rjt
rgt}h mh cj| gcxeoj| wxh |h fgo aoljtrjtgmj gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j h|rg÷jc ljo rjlg|
rj|adacamgmh| j rjlj }aherj rgtg }a}xcgt# cg ohlh|amgm mh cg| ngeacag| mh jd}hoht aoith|j| rjt hc
egqjt oûehtj mh eahedtj| mh cg xoamgm ngeacagt# h}l/ Oj jd|}go}h# ho hc lxt|j 4277%74# cj|
gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| eg}talxcgmj| ho hc rtaeht lalcj mh cg H\J |jo hc 82( mh cj| gcxeoj| q
gcxeog| eg}talxcgmj| ho h|h oa~hc/ Q# rjt rtaehtg ~h{# cg lantg mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| eg}talxcgmj|
ho hc |hixomj lalcj mh cg H\J |xrhtg g cg ljtth|rjomaho}h mhc rtaeht lalcj/ Cj| gcxeoj|
hv}tgokhtj| eg}talxcgmj| ho hc |hixomj lalcj mh cg H\J |jo hc ==#6( mhc }j}gc/ Ho cj| Rtjitgeg|
mh Lxgcanalglaüo Rtjnh|ajogc Aoalagc &RLRA!# cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| hv}tgokhtj| |jo xo ==#1( mhc
}j}gc mh gcxeoj| eg}talxcgmj|/ Ho hc gxcg mh hocglh# wxh h|}ç rho|gmg q |h jnthlh rgtg cj| gcxeoj|q gcxeog| wxh glgdgo mh cchigt g H|rg÷g# |h holxho}tgo h|ljcgta{gmj| 72 gcxeoj| mh laolj
oglajogcamgmh| ma|}ao}g|/ Ho dglfacchtg}j# cj| gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| |jo hc 49#>( mh cj| gcxeoj| q
gcxeog| eg}talxcgmj| ho h|}h oa~hc/ Mh hccj|# hc >9( qg }ahoh cg oglajogcamgm h|rg÷jcg/ Q hc rtjraj
lho}tj |h rthixo}g |a hc }hoht cg oglajogcamgm h|rg÷jcg h| xog |a}xglaüo wxh aoncxqh ho cg
ljo}aoxamgm ho cj| h|}xmaj| rj|}jdcaig}jtaj| &Dglfaccht j Lalcj| Njteg}a~j|!# rxh|}j wxh cg
rtjrjtlaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| oglajogca{gmj| h|rg÷jch| ho xoj q j}tj a}aohtgtaj h| |aioanalg}a~g/ Ho cj|
Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| wxh |h aergt}ho ho hc Lho}tj# mh cj| wxaolh rgå|h| rth|ho}h| ho hc gcxeogmj#
mh|}glgo Hlxgmjt q Rhtû/ Q# rjt ~h{ rtaehtg# cj| gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| eg}talxcgmj| ho Lalcj|
Njteg}a~j| ho hc Lho}tj |jo ehoj| wxh cj| hv}tgokhtj| eg}talxcgmj| ho Dglfacchtg}j &fg|}g gfjtg
|aherth fgdåg jlxttamj gc th~á| q h| cj wxh |h |aixh h|}gdchlahomj ljej –ojtegc― j h|rhtgdch!/
Cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mhc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj mh cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| mh rtaehtj q |hixomj lalcj
mh H\J fglho ohlh|gtaj thmxlat hc oûehtj mh gcxeoj| rjt gxcg &gcthmhmjt mh 42 gcxeoj| rjt gxcg
ho cg H\J!# rgtg rjmht grcalgt cg| ehmamg| mh g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm wxh th|xc}go aoma|rho|gdch|/
H|}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg| |jo;
∔∔Lj|}xedth| lxc}xtgch| g }hoht ho lxho}g ho hc mh|gttjccj jtmaogtaj mh cg gl}a~amgm
h|ljcgt; &ljehmjt# lcg|h mh thcaiaüo# rg÷xhcj# hmxlglaüo nå|alg# h}l!/
∔∔
Manhtho}h| oa~hch| glgmáealj| q*j mjeaoaj mhc amajeg ho gcxeoj| wxh cch~go rjlj}aherj ho H|rg÷g# ho gcixoj| lg|j|# |x h|ljcgta{glaüo rth~ag fg |amj atthixcgt/
∔∔Rtjlh|j| mh grthoma{gkh manhtho}h| mh cj| |hixamj| ho hc |a|}heg h|ljcgt mh oxh|}tj
rgå| &ihjeh}tåg# rtjlh|j| eg}heç}alj| dç|alj|!/
∔∔Ho |x njteg mh thcglajogt|h ljo cj| itxrj| mh aixgch| q ljo hc j}tj |hvj &mh cj| wxh
fhej| }hoamj ljojlaeaho}j# h| egqjt hc oûehtj mh hedgtg{j| oj mh|hgmj| ho}th cg|
gcxeog| rtjlhmho}h| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|!/
∔∔Cg lta|a| hljoüealg gl}xgc ho hc |hl}jt mh cg ljo|}txllaüo# ho rgt}alxcgt# aoncxqh
ohig}a~geho}h ho itgo rgt}h mh cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| mh oxh|}tj| gcxeoj|# mhkgomj g
cj| lgdh{g| mh ngeacag ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|herchj/
∔∔Manalxc}gmh| rgtg ljo}gl}gt q gllhmht g cg ngeacag rjt cg| |a}xglajoh| mh |jdthlgtigcgdjtgc g cg| wxh h|}ço |jeh}amg|# h|rhlagceho}h# cg| egmth| wxh }tgdgkgo ho hc |ht~alaj
mjeá|}alj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 203/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/422/ / / / / / / / /
∔∔Rg}tjoh| lxc}xtgch| ngeacagth| wxh |jo ljo}tgmal}jtaj| ljo cg| lj|}xedth| h|rg÷jcg|
&thlfg{j g cg x}aca{glaüo mhc ljehmjt h|ljcgt# ljertjea|j| eg}taejoagch| rgl}gmj|#
gd|ho}a|ej# th|rh}j mhc Tgegmço# x|j mhc lg|}aij nå|alj# h}l/!# wxh ho jlg|ajoh| tj{go
cg achigcamgm/∔∔H|}j ljomxlh }gedaáo g xog |a}xglaüo mh |jchmgm mh cj| gcxeoj| mxtgo}h cj| rhtåjmj|
oj chl}a~j| &}gtmh| q ~glglajoh|! mjomh mh|gttjccgo gl}a~amgmh| wxh# ho gcixoj| lg|j|
rxhmho aercalgt tah|ij |jlagc/
∔∔H| exq hch~gmj hc oûehtj mh gcxeoj| wxh rht}hohlho g ngeacag| ejojrgtho}gch| j
thfhlfg|/
∔∔\a}xglajoh| mh rthlgtahmgm hljoüealg wxh aeramho g cg| ngeacag| rjmht fglht ntho}h g
ohlh|amgmh| h|ljcgth| ljej |jo hc rgij mhc ljehmjt# cg ljertg mh cj| cadtj| j hc rgij
mh gl}a~amgmh| rgtgh|ljcgth|/
Ho cj| RLRA# hc rhtnac mhc gcxeoj mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj h| exq rgthlamj gc mh rtaehtlalcj mh cg H\J# |jo cj| wxh# ho j}tg| latlxo|}golag| q fglh xoj| g÷j|# fxdah|ho
gdgomjogmj hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j thicgmj rjt ma~ht|g| |a}xglajoh| mh manalxc}gm
|jlagc q hljoüealg/ H|}j| rtjitgeg| |xrjoho rgtg hccj| cg jrjt}xoamgm mh
aoljtrjtgt|h gc |a|}heg cgdjtgc ljo xog eåoaeg njteglaüo q cg ljo|hlxlaüo mhc
}å}xcj mh \hlxomgtag }hoahomj ho lxho}g hc mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt wxh }ahoho/ Ho hc gxcg
mh hchl}talamgm |ücj fgq lxg}tj gcxeoj| h|rg÷jch|# cj lxgc oj| fglh fglhtoj| xog
amhg mh cg| manalxc}gmh| g cg| wxh cj| rtjnh|jth| |h }ahoho wxh hontho}gt mgmg cg
ma|rgtamgm mh rtjlhmholag|# lj|}xedth| q oa~hch| glgmáealj| wxh |h holxho}tgo
ljolho}tgmg| ho h|}h itxrj/
Ho Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| fgq xog itgo manhtholag mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| rjt lcg|h
ho}th Itgmj Ehmaj q Itgmj \xrhtajt/ H|}j |h rxhmh g}tadxat g cg ohlh|amgm mh cg|
ngeacag| mh wxh cj| fakj| |h rjoigo g }tgdgkgt xog ~h{ wxh }hteaogo cg hmxlglaüo
rj|}%jdcaig}jtag rjt cg wxh jr}go; |hg dglfacchtg}j# |hg Lalcj Njteg}a~j mh Itgmj
Ehmaj# q oj ljo}aoûgo h|}xmaj|/
Ho dglfacchtg}j| cg ehmag mh gcxeoj| rjt gxcg h| hc mjdch wxh hc lxt|j rg|gmj/ Cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg|
|jlajhljoüealg|# cg rtjlhmholag q cg lxc}xtg mh á|}j| |jo rgthlamj| g cj| mh cg H\J# h| eç|#
|xhcho |ht cj| fhtegoj| egqjth| mh cg| ngeacag| q oxh|}tj| ea|ej| gcxeoj| wxh mhlamholjo}aoxgt |x njteglaüo ljo oj|j}tj|# itglag| gc |a|}heg mh gqxmg| wxh |h ch| rtjrjtlajog g cj|
gcxeoj| ljo ohlh|amgmh| |jlajhljoüealg| rgtg wxh rxhmgo gllhmht g xog hmxlglaüo |xrhtajt/
\h mh}hl}g ho cg| ngeacag| mh cj| gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj wxh |h eg}talxcgo ho
Dglfacchtg}j| q Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| laht}j itgmj mh g|ho}geaho}j &qg |xrhtg hc 82 (
cj| wxh h|}ço oglajogca{gmj|!# cj lxgc h| |aioj mh laht}g h|}gdacamgm cgdjtgc q |jlagc
wxh ch| rhtea}h g cg| ngeacag| |jrjt}gt hc mh|hedjc|j# rjt hkhercj mh cg ljertg mh
cj| cadtj|# q h|rhtgt gc ehoj| xo rgt mh g÷j| g wxh |x fakj fakg |h holxho}th
njtegmj rgtg aoljtrjtgt|h gc çeda}j cgdjtgc qg wxh# ho h|}h ejeho}j# h| exq
manålac wxh holxho}tho }tgdgkj ljo xog njteglaüo dç|alg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 204/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 427/ / / / / / / / /
Cj| gcxeoj| mh rtjlhmholag hv}tgokhtg wxh mhlamho lxt|gt Dglfacchtg}j q Lalcj| mh Itgmj
\xrhtajt }ahoho cg rhlxcagtamgm wxh# |a daho g oa~hc hljoüealj h|}ço ho aixgc |a}xglaüo mh
rthlgtahmgm# |jo ngeacag| wxh mhlamho thoxolagt g cg rhtlhrlaüo mh xo |gcgtaj mxtgo}h gcixoj| g÷j|
eç| g ng~jt mh wxh |x fakj j fakg rxhmg }hoht cg rj|adacamgm mh gclgo{gt xo oa~hc mh njteglaüo wxh chrhtea}g ehkjtgt |x |a}xglaüo hljoüealg q |jlagc ho xo nx}xtj/ \jo ngeacag| dhohnalagtag|
}tgmalajogceho}h mh cg| gqxmg| rtjrag| mhc lho}tj# qg wxh h| ljercalgmj gllhmht g j}tj }arj mh
gqxmg| q |jo gcxeoj| wxh exh|}tgo ao}htá| q wxh# |a daho ho exlfj| lg|j| ch| lxh|}g gciûo g÷j
eç| wxh gc th|}j# |jo ljo|laho}h| mh cg grxh|}g wxh |h fglh q mhc h|nxht{j hljoüealj wxh |xrjoh
rgtg |x| ngeacag| q rgtg hc lho}tj wxh hccj| }hoigo h|}g jrjt}xoamgm/
4%% Lgtgl}htå|}alg| q jtigoa{glaüo mhc Lho}tj
Hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht h| xo lho}tj rta~gmj q ljolht}gmj# rtjrahmgm mh cg Jdtg
\jlagc mh Lgkg Egmtam &Dgo`ag! q mataiamj rjt cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ Rgtg h|}g# cg hmxlglaüo mh
}jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| aercalg lxc}a~gt cg icjdgcamgm mh cg rht|jog# egoanh|}gmg ho |x
maeho|aüo glgmáealg q rtjnh|ajogc# fxegog# lta|}agog q rgtgh|ljcgt/ Gwxå h| aerjt}go}h |h÷gcgt
wxh cg amho}amgm lta|}agog lg}ücalg mhc Lho}tj oj |xrjoh oaoixog rtçl}alg rtj|hca}a|}g oa aerj|alaüo
gcixog# rjt lxgo}j cg Aich|ag lg}ücalg# ho |x }j}gcamgm# h|}ç ccgegmg g njeho}gt q mh|gttjccgt hc
maçcjij q hc th|rh}j ao}htthcaiaj|j ljej hvrth|aüo mh xog dû|wxhmg ljeûo# wxh goamg ho hc
ljtg{üo mh }jmj |ht fxegoj/
Cg jnht}g hmxlg}a~g mhc Lho}tj |h |a}ûg ho Hmxlglaüo \hlxomgtag Jdcaig}jtag &7> xoamgmh|!#
Dglfacchtg}j &72 xoamgmh|! q Njteglaüo Rtjnh|ajogc mh Itgmj Ehmaj q \xrhtajt &72 xoamgmh|!/ G|å
ea|ej |h jnthlho lxt|j| q gl}a~amgmh| oj thicgmg| rgtg ma|}ao}j| ljchl}a~j|/
H|}ç |a}xgmj ho hc Dgttaj mh Cg ^ho}accg# ho hc ma|}ta}j mh ]h}xço# kxo}j g Rcg{g mh Lg|}accg/ Mj| |jo cj|
nhoüehoj| ihjitçnalj| wxh h|}ço ljonaixtgomj hc ljo}hv}j |jlajmhejitçnalj mhc lho}tj; hc
thgcjkgeaho}j q cg cchigmg mh rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h/ Cg egqjtåg mh cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~g
aoljtrjtglaüo ho cj| ûc}aej| lxt|j| ~a~ho ho hc Dgttaj j ho {jog| gmqglho}h| &Dgttaj mhc Racgt#
Nxholgttgc# Lfgegt}åo# ]h}xço! q xo itxrj oj }go oxehtj|j rtjlhmh mh j}tg| {jog| mh Egmtam &\go
Dcg|# Ejolcjg# Lfgedhtå# h}l/!/ Mh glxhtmj ljo cj| mg}j| mh wxh ma|rjoh hc lho}tj# oj hva|}hmanhtholag ho hc h|}g}x| |jlajhljoüealj ngeacagt mh cj| gcxeoj| mhc lho}tj ho nxolaüo mh cg h}grg;
}jmj| cj| oa~hch|# ljej ehmag# |h holxgmtgo mho}tj mhc tgoij ehmaj%dgkj/ Cg fh}htjihohamgm q cg
ma~ht|amgm |jo# g|å# xog lgtgl}htå|}alg mh h|}h Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo/ Ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| |h fg
rtjmxlamj xo aoltheho}j mh cj| gcxeoj| mh rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h# mhc gcxeogmj ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh
ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g q mh ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch| rjt cj wxh hc Lho}tj fg rxh|}j ho
egtlfg ehmamg| q rtjqhl}j| jtaho}gmj| g mgt th|rxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| g h|}g oxh~g thgcamgm/
Ho cg gl}xgcamgm# hc Lho}tj njteg g eç| mh 7/2>2 gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rgtg cj lxgc lxho}g ljo 778
herchgmj| q eç| mh 74/222 eh}tj| lxgmtgmj| mh ao|}gcglajoh|/ ]jmj hccj gt}alxcgmj rgtg
rtjrjtlajogt xog dxhog njteglaüo ao}hitgc# jnthlahomj jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| g }jmj| qrjoahomj }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| gc |ht~alaj mh cj| wxh eç| cj ohlh|a}go/ Cg g|ratglaüo mhc Lho}tj mh
Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht h| cchigt g |ht thljojlamj# rjt |x amhgtaj q |x| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g|# ljej
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 205/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/424/ / / / / / / / / /
xo lho}tj h~goihca{gmjt q xo thnhtho}h rjt rgt}h mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# mh cg| ngeacag|# mh cg|
herth|g| ljo cg| wxh |h }ahoh xog h|}thlfg thcglaüo q mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/ Rgtg hccj# –oxh|}tg|
gl}xglajoh| |h ~a~ho |jcamgtageho}h ljo cj| eç| mh|ng~jthlamj| q njeho}go cg |jcamgtamgm ho}th
cj| rxhdcj|0 rtgl}algej| hc maçcjij# cg }jchtgolag q hc th|rh}j fglag cj| mheç|# |ahomj |ho|adch| g}jmg njteg mh mh|fxegoa{glaüo0 q oj| h|njt{gej| ho oxh|}tj }tgdgkj ljo ljertjea|j q
th|rjo|gdacamgm# dx|lgomj cg hvlhcholag ljo xog njteglaüo rhtegoho}h q gl}xgca{gmg―/
Hc hwxarj mathl}a~j q cg| ma|}ao}g| Ljea|ajoh| mhc Lho}tj |h dg|go ho hc }tgdgkj ljjtmaogmj mh
laolj hwxarj|; cj| mhrgt}geho}j| mh ngeacag rtjnh|ajogc &Lalcj| Njteg}a~j|!# cj| hwxarj| mjlho}h|
mh mhrgt}geho}j| glgmáealj|# cj| hwxarj| mh }x}jth|# cj| hwxarj| mh njteglaüo lta|}agog q cj|
hwxarj| mh rtjlh|j| mh lgcamgm/ \jo }jmj| h|}j| hwxarj| hmxlg}a~j| cj| wxh fglho rj|adch cg
njteglaüo jdcaig}jtag# rj|}jdcaig}jtag q |xrhtajt &mh cj| Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| mh Itgmj \xrhtajt!# eç|
cj| RLRA q cg njteglaüo rgtg }tgdgkgmjth| q }tgdgkgmjtg| mh|herchgmj|/ Rhtj gmheç| mh }jmg|
h|}g| ho|h÷go{g| thicgmg| q oj thicgmg|# hc Lho}tj mh|gttjccg xo gercaj ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| qrtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| –g÷gmamg|―;
%% Ehmamg| |aoixcgth| rgtg cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/
%% G}holaüo h|rhlånalg g gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g/
%% G}holaüo h|rhlånalg g gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|
&lho}tj mh ao}hitglaüo!/
%% Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg/
%% Gercag jnht}g mh eg}htag| jr}g}a~g| ho H\J q Dglfacchtg}j/
%% Ljo~a~holag| h ao}htlgedaj| lxc}xtgch|/
%% Rtjitgeg DHMG; Dacaoixgc Hoica|f Mh~hcjreho} . G||h||eho} &Hoica|f \xeeht
\lfjjc!/
%% Njteglaüo ho Lho}tj| mh ]tgdgkj ho Hxtjrg &^jlg}ajogc ]tgaoaoi ]tg~hc!/
%% \ht~alaj mh jtaho}glaüo glgmáealg q rtjnh|ajogc &Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag|!
%% Djc|g mh Herchj &Jnalaog Hxtjrg!/
%% H|lxhcg mh Ngeacag &G|jlaglaüo mh Egmth| q Rgmth| q mh Go}aixj| Gcxeoj|!/
%% ]tgea}glaüo mh Dhlg| q Gqxmg| hmxlg}a~g|/
%% Dadcaj}hlg q gxcg| exc}aehmag/
%% Gl}a~amgmh| rg|}jtgch| q ~jcxo}gtagmj |jlagc/
%% Gl}a~amgmh| hv}tgh|ljcgth| q Lcxd mh Ejo}g÷g/%% Ljehmjt q Dgt Fjigt/
Naogceho}h# hc lho}tj lxho}g ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh eç| mh 742 jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|#
herth|g| h ao|}a}xlajoh|/
Rjt |x aooj~glaüo# |x aerjt}golag nxolajogc q |x lgtçl}ht h|}tg}áialj fhej| mh ma|}aoixat }th| mh
cj| thlxt|j| nxomgeho}gch| ho cj| wxh |h dg|g cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g q hc áva}j mh cg njteglaüo
jnthlamg; hc rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg q hc Lho}tj mh
G}holaüo g cg| ngeacag|/ Eç| gmhcgo}h aolcxathej| xog thnhtholag g cg rgttjwxag ljo cg wxh |h ~aolxcg
hc Lho}tj q cg g|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|# mh g}holaüo g cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg| q xdalgmj ho cgea|eg lgcch mhc ljchiaj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 206/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 42</ / / / / / / / /
4/7%% Hc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g
Hc jdkh}a~j rtaolargc mh cj| rcgoh| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g h| ljo|hixat wxh cg laxmgmgoåg ho
|x ljokxo}j# gllhmg ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q |h igtgo}alho cg| eç| gc}g|hvrhl}g}a~g| ho nxolaüo mhc mh|gttjccj rj}holagc mh }jmg| |x| lgrglamgmh|# }jmj hccj ~aolxcgmj g
cg| gmgr}glajoh| mh |x| ohlh|amgmh| q rj|adacamgmh|/
\h }tg}g mh rjoht ho egtlfg –gl}xglajoh|― rth~ho}a~g| q ljerho|g}jtag| rgtg g|hixtgt |ao
hvlhrlajoh|# cg h|ljcgta{glaüo q hc grtj~hlfgeaho}j h|ljcgt# gmhlxçomjcg| g cg| ljomalajoh| mh
mh|aixgcmgm wxh rth|ho}g hc gcxeogmj/ Fgdcgej|# rxh|# mh ehmamg| |aoixcgth| rgtg xog
ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g ljerho|g}jtag ljo thlxt|j| fxegoj| q hljoüealj|# ho hc egtlj mh xog
ho|h÷go{g mh lgcamgm wxh igtgo}alh hc mhthlfj g cg ma~ht|amgm# ljo hc nao mh ljo|hixat
ljexoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| eç| lxgcanalgmg| rgtg ljcgdjtgt ho cg hmxlglaüo mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç|
ltå}alg# eç| kx|}g# eç| aixgca}gtag# eç| mhejltç}alg q ljo gllh|j gc H|}gmj mh Dahoh|}gt \jlagc/
Cg aoljtrjtglaüo g a}aohtgtaj| lxttalxcgth| gc x|j }ahoh wxh g÷gmat hc hcheho}j mh –nchvadacamgm―#gmgr}gomj eh}jmjcjiåg| aooj~gmjtg|# ljej }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# ao}htgl}a~j# h}l/# rgtg |a}xgtoj|
ho hc xedtgc mh cg hwxamgm hmxlg}a~g# ljej rgcgolg mh cg }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc/ ]jmj hccj thwxahth
g|hixtgt cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj|# manhtholagmj| mh cj| jtmaogtaj|# rgtg }jmj gwxhc gcxeogmj# wxh
rth|ho}h manalxc}gmh| h|rhlånalg| rgtg hc grthoma{gkh# rjt tg{joh| mh hvlcx|aüo |jlagc# rtjlhmholag
mh }htlhtj| rgå|h|# mh|h|}txl}xtglaüo j ma|lgrglamgmh| manhtholagmg|# wxh ~go mh|mh cg oj
h|ljcgta{glaüo fg|}g rhtnach| mh aogmgr}glaüo gc ehmaj ho ihohtgc/
H|}j fg mh |ht xo rg|j aerjt}go}h rgtg cg ao|htlaüo |jlagc# }go}j ho cg h}grg h|ljcgt ljej ho cg ~amg
gmxc}g/ Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# cg hmxlglaüo oj caea}g |x| h|nxht{j| g cg –ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt―# |aoj
wxh jtaho}g }jmj |x h|nxht{j fglag cg| j}tg| aolcx|ajoh|# ljej cg ao|htlaüo ngeacagt# cg |jlagc# cg
hljoüealg# rjtwxh |h }tg}g mh ljo|hixat cg aoljtrjtglaüo |jlagc rchog/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg h|lxhcg
rjlj rxhmh fglht |a oj h|}ç rchogeho}h ao|ht}g ho cg ljexoamgm g cg wxh rht}hohlh/ Grj|}gej|#
rxh|# rjt xo ejmhcj mh h|lxhcg gdaht}g g cg ljexoamgm ho cg wxh h|}ç ao|ht}g q ljo ljohvaüo ljo
rtjitgeg| q |ht~alaj| mhmalgmj| gc gcxeogmj ljo rtjdcheç}alg mh hvlcx|aüo# g|å ljej gc th|}j mhc
gcxeogmj wxh mhdh thladat xog ho|h÷go{g mh lgcamgm# q g cj| ngeacagth| mh }jmj| q }jmg| rgtg wxh
holxho}tho ho h|}g h|lxhcg ljexoa}gtag xo cxigt mh njteglaüo q holxho}tj/
Ho mhnaoa}a~g# |h }tg}g mh ljo|hixat cg egqjt ljfhtholag rj|adch ho}th cj| ~gcjth| wxh |j|}ahoh cg
rtj}hllaüo hmxlg}a~g mh cj| ehojth| ljo rtjdcheg| |jlajngeacagth| q cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| mh
}jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg| ho cg hmxlglaüo |jlagc# ngeacagt q mhc gcxeogmj/
Rjt }go}j# h| cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g wxaho }ahoh wxh g|xeat |x th|rjo|gdacamgm hmxlgmjtg qthnchvajogt |jdth cg njteg mh }tgo|njtegtcg ho gllaüo hmxlg}a~g# ljo}gomj ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh
giho}h| hv}htoj| g cg h|lxhcg# |jdth }jmj# mh rtjnh|ajogch| q g|jlaglajoh| ljertjeh}amg| ljo hc
}heg/ H|}j hvaih thnchvajogt |jdth cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| rhmgiüialj|# }hjta{gt |jdth cg rtçl}alg q
|a|}heg}a{gt hc }tgdgkj ho hwxarj# gmgr}gt h ao}hitgt cj| ljo}hoamj| rtjrxh|}j| gc rtjraj ehmaj
h|ljcgt# h| mhlat# –thljo|}txat cg lxc}xtg mh cg h|lxhcg/―
H|}h Rcgo h| aerth|laomadch rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh xog rjcå}alg ljfhtho}h wxh ao}hith }jmj| cj|
h|nxht{j| ljo xo jdkh}a~j ljeûo; ljo|hixat cg ao|htlaüo |jlagc q hmxlg}a~g mh }jmj| cj| aoma~amxj|
mho}tj mhc th|rh}j mh cj| mhthlfj| fxegoj|0 rjtwxh rth}homhej| |ht xo ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j mh
lho}tj gdaht}j g cg ljexoamgm q rchogeho}h ao}hitgmj ho hccg/ Rgtg hccj# |jo ohlh|gtag| }jmg xog
|htah mh ehmamg| icjdgch| h ao}hitgch| mh g}holaüo gc gcxeogmj q g cg| ngeacag| ho hc egtlj mh xogao}ht~holaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g wxh má |ho}amj q rj}holah gl}xglajoh| ao}hitgch| mh hmxlglaüo h
ao|htlaüo0 oxh~j| lgxlh| q ~åg| mh ljcgdjtglaüo q }tgdgkj ljo j}tg| jtigoa{glajoh| q g|jlaglajoh|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 207/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/42=/ / / / / / / / /
mhc dgttaj0 cg hcgdjtglaüo mh xo Rtjqhl}j ljeûo# thgca{gmj mh|mh cj| rtjraj| lho}tj| q ljo}gomj ho
}jmj ejeho}j ljo cg| g|jlaglajoh| q wxh cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo rxhmh rj}holagt q gc lxgc rxhmg
|xegt|h0 q gdtat hc lgerj mh jrlajoh| njteg}a~g| q mh g}holaüo g cj| oxehtj|j| ntho}h| gdaht}j|
ho {jog| ljej cg oxh|}tg/
Cj| mh|}aog}gtaj| mhc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g |jo gwxhccj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| wxh
rth|ho}ho mh|~ho}gkg| |jlajhmxlg}a~g|# h| mhlat# gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh }hoigo xog |a}xglaüo
mh|ng~jthlamg rgtg |x gllh|j# rhtegoholag q rtjejlaüo ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ H|}j| gcxeoj| q
gcxeog| |jo gwxhccj| wxh# rjt tg{joh| |jlagch| j ngeacagth| mh|ng~jthlamg|# oj rxhmho |hixat xo
rtjlh|j ojtegca{gmj mh h|ljcgta{glaüo0 gwxhccj| lxqg| ngeacag| }ahoho h|rhlagch| manalxc}gmh| mh
ao|htlaüo |jlagc q cgdjtgc0 gwxhccj| wxh# rjt mhla|ajoh| kxmalagch| j tg{joh| mh |gcxm# ohlh|a}ho
g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g nxhtg mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| h|ljcgth|0 q gwxhccj| wxh# rjt lxgcwxaht j}tg
latlxo|}golag# |h holxho}tho ho |a}xglaüo mh|ng~jthlamg |aeacgt/
Mho}tj mhc gcxeogmj mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g mhnaoaej| laolj }arjcjiåg|;
%% ]ARJ G; gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt rht}hohlaho}h g
eaojtåg| á}oalg| j lxc}xtgch| oj aoeaitgo}h ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc/
%% ]ARJ D; gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljo manalxc}gmh| mhta~gmg| ûoalgeho}h mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j
mhc lg|}hccgoj/
%% ]ARJ L; gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt q manalxc}gmh| mh
ao}hitglaüo ho hc itxrj jtmaogtaj rjt |x rht}hoholag g xog eaojtåg á}oalg j lxc}xtgc ho
|a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc/
%% ]ARJ M; gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljo manalxc}gmh| mhta~gmg| mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc
lg|}hccgoj q mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt/
%% ]ARJ H; Gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt q*j h|}á ho
|a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc q*j rth|ho}h tah|ij mh gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj mhc |a|}heg
hmxlg}a~j/
Hc rtjlhmaeaho}j rgtg cg mh}hteaoglaüo mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| mhc gcxeogmj<9 h| hc |aixaho}h;
Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~j aoith|j ho 7» H\J |h |aixho cj| |aixaho}h| rg|j|;
%% Ho hc eh| mh egqj# |h ego}ahoh xog thxoaüo ljo cj| }x}jth| mh >» HR q cj| rtjnh|jth| mh
rhmgijiåg }htgráx}alg mh cj| Lho}tj| gm|lta}j| ljo hc nao mh thxoat aonjteglaüo |jdth cj|
gcxeoj| |x|lhr}adch| mh h|}g| ehmamg| q mh cj }tgdgkgmj ljo hccj| fg|}g hc ejeho}j/
%% Ho hc eh| mh |hr}ahedth# q |hiûo ~go cchigomj cj| cadtj| mh h|ljcgtamgm q cj|
hvrhmaho}h| glgmáealj| g |hlth}gtåg# th~a|gej| cj| mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| oxh~j| wxh
oj rht}hohlho g lho}tj| gm|lta}j| ljo hc nao mh mh}hl}gt g gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh rjmtågo
ohlh|a}gt h|}g| ehmamg|/
%% Mxtgo}h hc eh| mh |hr}ahedth# gmheç|# |h thgca{g cg h~gcxglaüo aoalagc ho }jmg| cg| çthg|#
cj wxh oj| rhtea}h amho}analgt cg| manalxc}gmh| mh cj| gcxeoj|/
<9 Gmheç| mh cg| aomalglajoh| rtjrxh|}g| ho cg Th|jcxlaüo mh 47 mh Kxcaj mh 422>/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 208/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 428/ / / / / / / / /
%% Rgtg gkx|}gt gûo eç| h|}g mh}hteaoglaüo mh ohlh|amgmh|# g gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh |h fg
mh}hl}gmj ljej rj|adch| gcxeoj| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# |h ch| thgca{g xog
h~gcxglaüo mh cg ljerh}holag lxttalxcgt/
%% Ljo h|}j| mg}j|# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhlamh cg| ehmamg| mh g}holaüo wxh ~go g thladatcj| gcxeoj|/
%% Rjt ûc}aej# daho g }tg~á| mhc }x}jt# mhc jtaho}gmjt j mhc }tgdgkgmjt |jlagc# |h ljonateg h|}g
aonjteglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|# g cg| lxgch| |h ch| aonjteg mh cg| ehmamg| wxh ~gej| g
rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo mh cj| gcxeoj|/
Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mhc th|}j mh lxt|j| mh |hlxomgtag;
%% Ho cg h~gcxglaüo naogc mh |hr}ahedth q ho cg aoalagc# |h mhnaoho cj| gcxeoj| wxh rxhmho
amho}analgt|h ljej gcxeogmj mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g/
%% Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~j aoith|j# |h thgca{g xog h~gcxglaüo mh cg ljerh}holaglxttalxcgt ho çthg| lxttalxcgth| dç|alg| g|å ljej xog ho}th~a|}g aoalagc ho cg wxh |h
thljih }jmg cg aonjteglaüo wxh rxhmg |ht thch~go}h rgtg cg mh}hteaoglaüo mh |x|
ohlh|amgmh|/
%% Ljo h|}j| mg}j|# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhlamh cg| ehmamg| mh g}holaüo wxh ~go g thladat
cj| gcxeoj|/
%% Rjt ûc}aej# daho g }tg~á| mhc }x}jt# mhc jtaho}gmjt j mhc }tgdgkgmjt |jlagc# |h ljonateg h|}g
aonjteglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|# g cg| lxgch| |h ch| aonjteg mh cg| ehmamg| wxh ~gej| g
rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo mh cj| gcxeoj|/
4/4%% Cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg
Hc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh cg| –Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| Exc}a}gthg― |xtih g rgt}at mh cg thnchvaüo |jdth cg
ljerchkamgm mh g}homht g cg ma~ht|amgm mh cj| gcxeoj|0 mh cg aowxah}xm mh cj| rtjnh|jth| go}h cj| th}j|
hmxlg}a~j| wxh |h rcgo}hgo0 q mh cg| manalxc}gmh| rtjrag| mh cg }tgo|alaüo ho}th Rtaegtag q \hlxomgtag/
\h rth|ho}g# g|å# ljej xog rtjrxh|}g eh}jmjcüialg ma|}ao}g wxh |h grjqh ho cj| rtaolaraj| mh cg
h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g }tg}gomj mh ng~jthlht cj| mj| hcheho}j| wxh |h thljiho ho |x rtjrag mhojeaoglaüo;
hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j q cg rj|adacamgm mh thgca{gt ma|}ao}g| }gthg| ho hc gxcg/
Cj| jdkh}a~j| nxomgeho}gch| wxh goaegtjo cg rxh|}g ho egtlfg mh h|}g aoalag}a~g nxhtjo;
Mgt th|rxh|}g g cg hch~gmg fh}htjihohamgm mhc gcxeogmj;
Hc lho}tj oj lxho}g ljo xoamgmh| mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag/ H|}h ngl}jt# xoamj gc aoltheho}j mh cg rjdcglaüo
aoeaitgo}h q g cg thlhrlaüo lgmg ~h{ eç| nthlxho}h mh gcxeoj| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|
j mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# fgo aomxlamj cg thnchvaüo |jdth eá}jmj| mh jtigoa{glaüo q grthoma{gkh
eç| nchvadch|# lgrglh| mh ljo~ht}at cg ma~ht|amgm ho xo hotawxhlaeaho}j ex}xj/
Ehkjtgt cg G}holaüo g cg Ma~ht|amgm;
\h lxho}g ljo ehmamg| mh g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho 7»# 4» <» q =» mh cg H\J; ma~ht|analglaüo lxttalxcgt
q itxrj| mh thnxht{j q grjqj# ho }jmj| cj| lxt|j| mh \hlxomgtag/ H|}g |jcxlaüo ûc}aegeho}h h|}ç|ahomj rhtladamg rjt exlfj| mh cj| rtjnh|jth| ljej hvlcxqho}h# qg wxh |glg gc gcxeoj mh |x itxrj
jtmaogtaj q oj rjlg| ~hlh| rtj~jlg ljo|hlxholag| hejlajogch| wxh manalxc}go hc grthoma{gkh wxh |h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 209/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/42>/ / / / / / / / /
wxahth ljo|hixat/ Ljo h|}h rtjqhl}j dx|lgej| grjqgtch| ho |x grthoma{gkh dx|lgomj xog egqjt
ao}hitglaüo mh h|}j| gcxeoj| ho hc gxcg mh|mh xog rtjrxh|}g eç| aolcx|a~g/
Mj}gt gc h|}xmago}h mh thlxt|j| mamçl}alj| q }hlojcüialj| rtjraj| mho}tj mh |x gxcg mh }tgdgkj;Xoj mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| ccgeg}a~j| mh cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| h| wxh hc gcxeoj amho}analg hc gxcg
ljej xo h|rglaj mh }tgdgkj rtjraj wxh ch rtjrjtlajog |hixtamgm/ Cg ljonaixtglaüo mhc gxcg h|
manhtho}h g cg| jtmaogtag| q rho|gmg rgtg ng~jthlht xo lcaeg gljihmjt/ Hc gxcg ljjrhtg}a~g ma|rjoh
mh jtmhogmjth|# rtjqhl}jt# ra{gttg| q xog dadcaj}hlg wxh aolcxqh cadtj| mh ljo|xc}g wxh cj|
rtjnh|jth| ljo|amhtgo aerjt}go}h }hoht ho hc gxcg rgtg cg gercaglaüo mh cg njteglaüo/ Fgq wxh
ljo|amhtgt gmheç|# wxh gcixoj| gcxeoj| }ahoho itgomh| manalxc}gmh| rgtg gmwxatat eç| cadtj| mh
}hv}j wxh cj| wxh ohlh|gtageho}h mhdho }hoht/
Ehkjtgt hc |hixaeaho}j mhc }tgdgkj mhc gcxeoj;
Ehojt oûehtj mh rtjnh|jth| mxtgo}h eç| }aherj/ Ljo h|}j |h ljo|aixh xo ehkjt |hixaeaho}j mhcgcxeoj q }hoht xo hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ehoj| oxehtj|j q rjt }go}j# ehkjt ljjtmaogmj/
Gxeho}gt hc }aherj mh ao}htgllaüo }x}jt gcxeoj|;
Hc }x}jt rg|g exlfg| fjtg| ljo |x itxrj# eç| gccç mh cg fjtg mh }x}jtåg j mh cg g|aiog}xtg wxh
aergt}h# cj wxh h|}thlfg cg thcglaüo rht|jogc/
Aoltheho}gt cj| grthoma{gkh| |aioanalg}a~j| mh cj| gcxeoj| q cg ljohvaüo ho}th grthoma{gkh|;
Ho cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| |h }tgdgkg rjt çeda}j| ho ~h{ mh rjt eg}htag| j g|aiog}xtg|/ \h ao}ho}g
icjdgca{gt hc grthoma{gkh/ G rgt}at mh gfjtg oj| thnhtathej| g mj| çeda}j|; –çeda}j |jlaj%
caoióå|}alj― q –çeda}j laho}ånalj%}hlojcüialj―/ Gc ao}hitgt|h cg| g|aiog}xtg|# |h gxeho}g cg thcglaüo
mh cj| ljojlaeaho}j|/
Rtjej~ht xo grthoma{gkh eç| gl}a~j mhc gcxeoj;
Cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| eg}htag| ho –çeda}j|― jdcaig gc gcxeoj g thgca{gt xo h|nxht{j thnchva~j
ljo}aoxj mh ao}hitglaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j rtjej~ahomj xog gl}a}xm gl}a~g ho |x gmwxa|alaüo/ Hc
gcxeoj grthomh wxh hc hkhtlalaj mh thcglajogt aonjteglaüo h| h|holagc ho hc rtjlh|j mh grthoma{gkh/
Mh|gttjccgt cg ljerh}holag maia}gc q mh }tg}geaho}j mh cg aonjteglaüo mhc gcxeoj;
Cj| jtmhogmjth| h|}ço mho}tj mhc gxcg ho cg wxh }tgdgkgo |aherth/ H|}j fglh wxh |h ljo~aht}go hoxo thlxt|j gllh|adch rgtg hc gcxeoj q rgtg hc rtjnh|jt |h ljo~aht}h ho xo ao|}txeho}j mh }tgdgkj q
gmwxa|alaüo mh aonjteglaüo/
Ng~jthlht hc grthoma{gkh mh ljerh}holag|;
Ho}homhej| rjt ljerh}holag| cg lgrglamgm mh x}aca{gt cj| ljojlaeaho}j| q fgdacamgmh|# mh
egohtg }tgo|~ht|gc h ao}htgl}a~g# ho ljo}hv}j| q |a}xglajoh| wxh thwxahtho cg ao}ht~holaüo mh
ljojlaeaho}j| ~aolxcgmj| g manhtho}h| |gdhth|# cj lxgc aercalg cg ljertho|aüo# cg thnchvaüo q hc
ma|lhtoaeaho}j# }hoahomj ho lxho}g cg maeho|aüo |jlagc mh lgmg |a}xglaüo/ Cg eh}jmjcjiåg q cg
ao}htma|larcaogtahmgm ho hc gxcg ljcgdjtgo ho wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh| glgmáealg| q h|ljcgth| |hgo eç|
rgthlamg| g cg| mhc exomj oj h|ljcgt# ma|eaoxqhomj cg ma|}golag ho}th cg h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 210/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 429/ / / / / / / / /
Ihohtgt gl}a}xmh| mh gqxmg# h|lxlfg# }jchtgolag q ihohtj|amgm ;
Cg eh}jmjcjiåg ljjrhtg}a~g rhtea}h wxh |h mh|gttjccho ho cj| gcxeoj| gl}a}xmh| ng~jtgdch| rgtg hc
áva}j }go}j ho cj glgmáealj ljej ho cj rht|jogc; h|lxlfg# h|nxht{j# mhnhomht cj| lta}htaj| rtjraj|#
mgt gqxmg q*j rh}alaüo mh gqxmg# ihohtj|amgm# fxeacmgm# }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| ljo|ho|xgmg#th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|# h}l/
Cg hvrhtaholag ljeho{ü ho hc lxt|j 422<*2= q |h aoalaü ho MJ\ |hllajoh| mh cg| LXG]TJ mh 7» mh
H/\/J// Mh|rxá| mh cg| jrjt}xog| h~gcxglajoh| |h mhlamaü gercagt g }jmj 7» q g|å |aixaü fg|}g hc
lxt|j 422>*29 wxh |h hv}homaü cg hvrhtaholag g 4»/ Ho cg gl}xgcamgm }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| mh 7» q 4»
rgt}alargo ho h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg/
Cg| gxcg| gitxrgo mj| |hllajoh| rgtg grtj~hlfgt cj| thlxt|j| mhc Lho}tj; rtjnh|jth|# jtmhogmjth|#
rht|jogc mh jtaho}glaüo# h}l/ Lgmg xog mh cg| gxcg| h|}ç njtegmg rjt xoj| 82 gcxeoj|/ Hc g|rhl}j mhc gxcg
h| exq manhtho}h gc fgda}xgc; h| xo gxcg gdaht}g |ao dgtthtg| ao}htajth|# wxh rhtea}h eûc}arch|gitxrgeaho}j|/ Hva|}ho h|rglaj| exc}a}gthg rgtg ljedaogt manhtho}h| eh}jmjcjiåg|; hvrcalglaüo mhc
rtjnh|jt# }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc# }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# jtaho}glaüo q }x}jtåg aoma~amxgca{gmg q dadcaj}hlg ho hc gxcg/
H|}g ma|}tadxlaüo nglaca}g cg ljexoalglaüo ho}th rtjnh|jth| q gcxeoj|# q mhc itxrj mh gcxeoj| ho}th |å/
Hva|}h xo mh|rglfj glta|}gcgmj ao}hitgmj ho hc gxcg# mjomh cj| gcxeoj| rxhmho glxmat ljej lho}tj
mh thlxt|j| q rgtg cg g}holaüo aoma~amxgca{gmg mh cg| manalxc}gmh| mh grthoma{gkh j mh lxgcwxaht j}tg
åomjch# q xog |gcg &ljo xog rxht}g ljtthmhtg rgtg lhttgtcg |a h| ohlh|gtaj! wxh rhtea}h }hoht itxrj|
rhwxh÷j| rgtg }tgdgkj| mh thlxrhtglaüo j gercaglaüo/ ]gedaáo njteg rgt}h mh h|}h h|rglaj xog
{jog mh jtmhogmjth| mjomh |h ma|}tadxqho 76 hwxarj| ljo ljohvaüo rhtegoho}h g Ao}htoh} rgtg hc
}tgdgkj aoma~amxgc j ljo|xc}g| mh cj| gcxeoj|/ \h ma|rjoh gmheç| mh xog dxhog mj}glaüo rgtg hc x|j
mh cg| }hlojcjiåg| ho hc gxcg mh lcg|h &lg÷üo }tgo|rgtholag|# M^M# ra{gttg maia}gc!/
Mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cg jtmhoglaüo mh cg| ho|h÷go{g|# hc gxcg ljjrhtg}a~g h|}ç jtigoa{gmg
rjt –çeda}j| mh ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh―# h|}txl}xtgmj| hc rtaehtj mh hccj| ljej –Çeda}j \jlaj%
Caoióå|}alj―# wxh ao}hitg cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Choixg# Aoicá| q \jlagch| q xo –Çeda}j Laho}ånalj
]hlojcüialj― wxh ljerthomh cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Eg}heç}alg|# Laholag| Og}xtgch| q ]hlojcjiåg/
Rgtg aergt}at cj| çeda}j|# |aherth fgq gc ehoj| }th| rtjnh|jth| |aexc}çohgeho}h ho hc gxcg/
Gxowxh |ücj cj| çeda}j| \jlaj%Caoióå|}alj q Laho}ånalj%]hlojcüialj }tgdgkgo ljo eh}jmjcjiåg mhgrthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# cg| mheç| çthg| lxttalxcgth| &Rcç|}alg# Hmxlglaüo Nå|alg# Eû|alg# Thcaiaüo
q Ntgolá|! fgo amj aoljtrjtgomj rjlj g rjlj gl}a~amgmh| wxh rj}holago }gedaáo hc }tgdgkj
ljjrhtg}a~j q grtj~hlfgomj cj| thlxt|j| mhc gxcg/
Cg h~gcxglaüo# wxh h| ljo}aoxg h aoma~amxgca{gmg# |h thgca{g rjt g|aiog}xtg| gxowxh |h hotawxhlh
rjt cg| eûc}arch| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h thgca{go ho cj| çeda}j|/ Cg oj}g mh lgmg g|aiog}xtg cg mhlamh hc
rtjnh|jt h|rhlagca|}g ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mhc th|}j mh rtjnh|jth| mhc çeda}j/
Ho lxgo}j g cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc fjtgtaj# |h rtjlxtg wxh cg| fjtg| mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Rcç|}alg#
Eû|alg# Hm/ Nå|alg# Thcaiaüo q Ntgolá| |h thrgt}go gc ljeaho{j# gc naogc mh cg eg÷gog j rjt cg }gtmh0mh egohtg wxh |h ma|rjoig mh xo h|rglaj }herjtgc mh = fjtg| ljo}aoxgmg| rgtg hc }tgdgkj ho cj|
çeda}j|/ Cg |aixaho}h }gdcg thljih xo hkhercj mh jtigoa{glaüo |hegogc;
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 211/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/426/ / / / / / / / /
Cg| fjtg| |hegogch| mhmalgmg| g lgmg çeda}j th|rh}go h|ltxrxcj|geho}h cg |xeg mh cglgtig fjtgtag g|aiogmg ho hc lxttålxcj jnalagc g cg| ma|}ao}g| çthg|/
Ho h|}h rtjqhl}j# hc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt |h lho}tg ho nglaca}gt cg| lcg~h| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj rht|jogc#
rth|ho}gt xo gercaj thrht}jtaj mh h|}tg}hiag| mh grthoma{gkh q mh }áloalg| mh h|}xmaj/
\h fgo }hoamj ho lxho}g exlfg| latlxo|}golag| rgtg njtegt cj| hwxarj| mh rtjnh|jth| q }x}jth|#
rjt hkhercj# }a}xcglaüo# h|rhlagca{glaüo# ljerh}holag| }hlojcüialg| q rht|jogch|# h}l/ Naogceho}h
|h fgo ljonaixtgmj hwxarj| rcxtgch| mh cj| wxh njtego rgt}h gcixoj| rtjnh|jth| ljo xog macg}gmg
hvrhtaholag mjlho}h q exlfj| g÷j| ho hc lho}tj# j}tj| eç| kü~hoh| q mh thcg}a~g thlaho}h
aoljtrjtglaüo# khnh| mh mhrgt}geho}j# }x}jth|# h}l/
Cj| rtjnh|jth| wxh rgt}alargo ho cg hvrhtaholag fgo }hoamj wxh |xrhtgt dgtthtg|# grthomht
ljerh}holag| rht|jogch| q rtjnh|ajogch|# thladat njteglaüo# ho mhnaoa}a~g# gl}xgca{gt|h rgtg h|}h
oxh~j th}j q ejmanalgt |x tjc ho hc gxcg/
Ho lxgo}j g cg eh}jmjcjiåg mh ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh q g cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| grcalgmj|
ho cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g|# fg mh |h÷gcgt|h cg aerjt}golag mh cg rhmgijiåg aioglagog# hc grthoma{gkh
ljjrhtg}a~j# hc grthoma{gkh dg|gmj ho rtjdcheg|# hc x|j mh cg| ]AL# cg ma|rjoadacamgm mh
ehmag}hlg|# q cg rtçl}alg mh cg gllaüo rhmgiüialg exc}a}gthg/
Rgtgmaieg rhmgiüialj aioglagoj;Xoj mh cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| |jdth cj| wxh |h }tgdgkg |h dg|g ho hc
rgtgmaieg |aoixcgt ho cj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ \h rth}homh wxh g
}tg~á| mhc grthoma{gkh |h ~gqgo mh|gttjccgomj fgdacamgmh| eç| ljerchkg|
&ljertho|aüo# grcalglaüo# goçca|a|# |åo}h|a| q h~gcxglaüo!# wxh ljo}tadxqgo g mgt
|aioanalgmj q |ho}amj g cj h|}xmagmj# ng~jthlahomj cg }tgo|nhtholag mh cj|
grthoma{gkh| g cg| |a}xglajoh| lj}amagog|/
Grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j/
Hcgdjtglaüo mh h|}tg}hiag| wxh aercalgo cg ljcgdjtglaüo ao}htrht|jogc ho hc
cjitj mhc áva}j mh cg }gthg/ Ljo h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg cj| gcxeoj| grthomho xoj|mh j}tj|# jtigoa{go |x }tgdgkj mh egohtg eç| hnalg{# |h mh|gttjccgo fgdacamgmh|
ao}htrht|jogch| q |h rj}holago lgrglamgmh| ao}hchl}xgch|/
ljo}hv}j
hvrhtaholag
thnchvaüo
gllaüo
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 212/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 421/ / / / / / / / /
Grthoma{gkh dg|gmj ho rtjdcheg|/
Eh}jmjcjiåg mamçl}alg rjt mh|lxdtaeaho}j ixagmj# ehmago}h cg lxgc cj| gcxeoj| ljo|}txqho |x
ljojlaeaho}j |jdth cg dg|h mh rtjdcheg| mh cg ~amg thgc/ Ho h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg |h rth|ho}g hc
rtjdcheg# mh|rxá| |h amho}analgo cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh grthoma{gkh# |h dx|lg cg aonjteglaüoohlh|gtag q naogceho}h |h thith|g gc rtjdcheg rgtg |jcxlajogtcj/
X|j mh ]AL/
Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg| ]AL ho hc gxcg rhtea}h;
%% Dû|wxhmg mh aonjteglaüo q hvrcjtglaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j/
%% Ljo|}txllaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &farhtehmag!/
%% Jtigoa{glaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &dg|h| mh mg}j|!/
%% Thrth|ho}glaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &egrg| ljolhr}xgch|# |a|}heg| hvrht}j| q
ealtjexomj!
%% Ljo|}txllaüo |jlagc mhc ljojlaeaho}j &lfg}|# egac# njtj|# dcji///!
Ehmag}hlg|/
Mho}tj mhc gxcg |h ljoladh xo h|rglaj mh|}aogmj g cg thljracglaüo mh thlxt|j| gxmaj~a|xgch| &m~m#
lm%t# cadtj| mh }hv}j# gxmaj lm# ///! wxh rhtea}go gc gcxeoj hc gllh|j g ma|}ao}g| nxho}h| mh
aonjteglaüo rgtg hotawxhlht |x| grthoma{gkh|/
Exc}a}gthg/
]tgdgkj Ljjrhtg}a~j Dg|g%
mj ho Rtjqhl}j|
]tgdgkj ho Hwxarj ljo
Cjitj Aoma~amxgc
Hvrj|alajoh| ljo Eg}htagc
Exc}aehmag
]tgdgkj Exc}aehmag
Ljolxt|j| q Kxhij| rjtHwxarj|
Rtjqhl}j| wxh rjoho ho thcglaüo cj| ljo}hoamj| h|}xmagmj| ljo |a}xglajoh| mh cg
~amg lj}amagog/ Nxomgeho}gceho}h# mh mj| }arj|;
% Xo ea|ej rtjqhl}j }jmj| cj| itxrj|/
% Xo rtjqhl}j rjt gxcg/ Lgmg itxrj }ahoh g|aiogmg xog rgt}h/
Ho gedj| lg|j|# hc rtjnh|jt hvrcalg cg| lcg~h| mhc rtjqhl}j q ma|}tadxqh g lgmg
itxrj cg }gthg h|rhlånalg wxh fg mh mh|herh÷gt/ ]tg| cg hkhlxlaüo mhc rtjqhl}j#
|h jtigoa{g cg rth|ho}glaüo mh cg ehejtag q cg hvrj|alaüo ho lcg|h mhc th|xc}gmj0
rjt ûc}aej# |h rtjlhmh g cg h~gcxglaüo/
Hc rtjnh|jt hvrjoh gc itxrj cg }gthg wxh fgq wxh thgca{gt/ Hc itxrj mhdh g|hixtgt|h
mh wxh }jmj| |x| ljerjoho}h| grthomgo q |h rthrgtgtho rgtg th|jc~ht xog|
lxh|}ajoh| aoma~amxgceho}h/Ho gcixog| jlg|ajoh| hc rtjnh|jt lthh ljo~hoaho}h fglht xog hvrj|alaüo mh ljo%
}hoamj| ljo xo |jrjt}h aonjteç}alj/ Fgq wxh mh|}glgt cg mhmalglaüo q hc }aherj
wxh mhdho herchgt cj| rtjnh|jth| ho cg thgca{glaüo mh h|}j| thlxt|j| mamçl}alj|/
Cj| eg}htagch| mh }tgdgkj aolcxqho mathllajoh| mh rçiaog| ho Ao}htoh} g cg| wxh
cj| gcxeoj| }ahoho wxh gllhmht rgtg fglht cg }gthg holjehomgmg# gl}a~amgmh|
rgtg ho~agt g xog mathllaüo mh ljtthj hchl}tüoalj mhc gxcg q |jo th~a|gmg| rjt |x|
rtjnh|jth|/ \h x}aca{go }gedaáo thlxt|j| exc}aehmag ljej YhdWxh|} q Lcal q rgtg
hc grthoma{gkh mhc amajeg hv}tgokhtj |h herchg xo rgwxh}h aonjteç}alj wxh
thwxahth hc x|j mh gxtalxcgth| ljohl}gmj| gc jtmhogmjt/
H| j}tj eá}jmj herchgmj ho hc gxcg wxh ch| th|xc}g gc}geho}h ej}a~gmjt/ Rjtitxrj|# hcgdjtgo rthixo}g| rgtg j}tj| itxrj| wxh }homtço wxh ljo}h|}gt/ Hc
rtheaj mh h|}h ljolxt|j j kxhij oxolg h| eg}htagc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 213/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/472/ / / / / / / / /
Hc rtjqhl}j mh Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| Exc}a}gthg# |h ljerch}g ljo hc ma|h÷j mh eg}htagch| mh }tgdgkj
manhtho}h| wxh rhtea}ho }tgdgkgt ljo cj| gcxeoj| cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| go}htajteho}h
hoxolagmj|# gljtmh| ljo hc lxttålxcj q cg| rtjitgeglajoh| mamçl}alg| ljtth|rjomaho}h|/
H|}h grgt}gmj h| xog mh cg| lcg~h| rgtg ho}homht &q cch~gt g lgdj! h|}h rtjqhl}j/ Cg jtigoa{glaüo
mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| ho çeda}j|# hc }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# hc herchj mh cg| ]AL# h}l/# thwxahtho xoj|
eg}htagch| mamçl}alj| grtjragmj| q gmgr}gmj| g h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg/
Cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| wxh ao}hitgo cj| çeda}j|# |h mh|gttjccgo g rgt}at mh Xoamgmh| mh
Grthoma{gkh# mh }gc egohtg wxh ho }jtoj g xo ea|ej dcjwxh }heç}alj |h ao}hitgo cj| ljojlaeaho}j|
mh cg| ma|}ao}g| g|aiog}xtg|/ H|}g| xoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh# mh|gttjccgmg| rjt hc rtjnh|jtgmj#
h|}ço ma|h÷gmg| ho njteg mh Lxgmhtoj mh Grthoma{gkh ljo hc wxh |h rth}homh;
%% Jtaho}gt hc }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc mhc gcxeoj/
%% Ng~jthlht hc }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j
%% Th|rjo|gdaca{gt gc gcxeoj mh |x grthoma{gkh
%% Rtjej~ht cg ao}htgllaüo rtjnh|jt%gcxeoj
%% Hotawxhlht hc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo
G cj cgtij mh lgmg lxt|j# cj| gcxeoj| thladho 74 lxgmhtoj| mh grthoma{gkh; > mhc çeda}j laho}ånalj%
}hlojcüialj q > mhc çeda}j |jlaj%caoióå|}alj/ Cg h|}txl}xtg mh lgmg lxgmhtoj mh grthoma{gkh h| cg
|aixaho}h;
]tgdgkj Aoma~amxgc
Hvrj|alajoh| mh Itxrj
Hc }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc |h herah{g g thgca{gt ho lcg|h/ Rxhmho gqxmgt|h ho}th |å cj|
ljerg÷htj|/ Gwxhccj wxh oj |h }hteaoh |h thgca{gtç ho lg|g# goj}çomjcj ho |x
gihomg h|ljcgt rht|jogca{gmg/ Cg| }gthg| aoma~amxgch| }gedaáo |jo th~a|gmg| rjt
cj| rtjnh|jth|/ \h ao}ho}g h~a}gt wxh oj cch~ho g lg|g gwxhccg| }gthg| rgtg cg| wxhohlh|a}go thlxt|j| wxh |ücj h|}ço ho hc gxcg/
Rjt itxrj| |h ma|}tadxqh hc }tgdgkj q rth|ho}go cg |jcxlaüo g xog }gthg egomgmg j
hc rtjqhl}j thgca{gmj/ Rxhmho grjqgt|h rgtg h|}g hvrj|alaüo ho }jmj| cj| thlxt|j|
mhc gxcg/
Rth|ho}glaüo mh cg Xoamgm
]tgdgkj mhc gcxeoj
Gl}a~amgmh| mh
gx}jh~gcxglaüo
Gl}a~amgmh| mh
gercaglaüo*thnxht{jRtjqhl}j
G rgt}at mh xog gl}a~amgm ej}a~gmjtg# |h fglh xog ao}tjmxllaüo mh cg xoamgm# rtj%
lxtgomj ljohl}gt ljo cj| ljojlaeaho}j| rth~aj| mh cj| gcxeoj| q rth|ho}gt cj|
ljo}hoamj| nxomgeho}gch| mhc lxgmhtoj
Ljo}hoamj| q gl}a~amgmh| ~gtagmg| wxh hc gcxeoj fg mh thgca{gt mh njteg aoma~amxgc
j itxrgc/ Eûc}arch| thnhtholag| g nxho}h| j thlxt|j| ho cj| wxh gercagt hc ljo}hoamj/
Rtxhdg|# lxh|}ajogtaj|# hkhtlalaj|# thcglajogmg| ljo lgmg çeda}j mh grthoma{gkh/
Gl}a~amgmh| mh gercaglaüo rgtg |hixat g~go{gomj q rtjnxoma{gomj ho hc }heg h|%
ljiamj j mh thnxht{j rgtg gclgo{gt cj| eåoaej| h|}gdchlamj| rgtg h|g xoamgm/ Gc naogc mh lgmg lxgmhtoj |h aolcxqho cg| jtaho}glajoh| rgtg thgca{gt xo rtjqhl}j
wxh rjoig ho thcglaüo cj| ljo}hoamj| ljo cg ~amg lj}amagog
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 214/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 477/ / / / / / / / /
Mho}tj mh cg rtjitgeglaüo |h aolcxqho ehmamg| wxh rxhmgo gqxmgt g cg g}holaüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm
mho}tj mhc gxcg ljej hc |hixaeaho}j rht|jogca{gmj mhc rtjith|j mh cj| gcxeoj|# gl}a~amgmh|
}x}jta{gmg| q mh|gttjccj mh rcgoh| rht|jogch| mh grthoma{gkh/ ]gthg|# }jmg| hccg|# wxh |h ~ho
nglaca}gmg| rjt cg rth|holag mh }th| j eç| rtjnh|jth| q mhc jtaho}gmjt q rhmgijij }htgráx}alj wxh}tgdgkg ho rhwxh÷j| itxrj| mh njteg eç| rht|jogca{gmg/
Hc jdkh}a~j ûc}aej mh oxh|}tg cgdjt mh hmxlgmjth| h| hc lthlaeaho}j icjdgc mh cg rht|jog ehmago}h
hc mh|gttjccj mh cg| rtjrag| rj}holagcamgmh| q cg dû|wxhmg mh cg hvlhcholag fxegog q lta|}agog/
H|}h rtjqhl}j ljo}tadxqh g wxh }gc jdkh}a~j# wxh |h mh|gttjccg g }tg~á| mhc Rcgo mh Gllaüo ]x}jtagc#
|h rxhmg ao}hitgt ho hc nxolajogeaho}j lj}amagoj mhc gxcg/ H|}h Rcgo |h jtigoa{g ho }jtoj g lxg}tj
hkh| rtaolargch|;
G}holaüo aoma~amxgc gc gcxeoj;
Cg rth|holag ljo|}go}h mhc rtjnh|jt%}x}jt oj |ücj |h |aho}h ho cj| g|rhl}j| lxttalxcgth| mhcgrthoma{gkh# |aoj wxh ljocch~g xo |hixaeaho}j mh cg| latlxo|}golag| rht|jogch| wxh tjmhgo gc
gcxeoj ljo hc nao mh rjmht gqxmgtch g jtaho}gt|h ho |x rtjlh|j mh ljo~ht}at|h ho rht|jog/
Lthglaüo q ljfh|aüo mh itxrj;
]tgdgkj |jdth fgdacamgmh| |jlagch| wxh rhtea}go cg ehkjtg mh cg ljo~a~holag g|å ljej hc mh|gttjccj
mh cg ljerh}holag |jlagc mh cj| gcxeoj|# rth|}gomj h|rhlagc g}holaüo g cg th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|
mh egohtg g|ht}a~g q ljo|ho|xgmg/
Hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth|;
Ljej qg |h fg hvrxh|}j go}htajteho}h# hc ea|ej |a|}heg mhc gxcg rhtea}h hc }tgdgkj ljo|}go}h
|jdth ~gcjth|/ Wxhthej| lthgt |hth| fxegoj| åo}hitj|# ljertjeh}amj| ljo cg |jlahmgm ho cg wxh
~a~ho q rthrgtgmj| rgtg }tgdgkgt ho hc nx}xtj rjt xo exomj eç| kx|}j q eç| fxegoj/
Thcglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|;
Ljcgdjtglaüo h|}thlfg ngeacag%h|lxhcg ljo hc nao mh rj}holagt cg g}holaüo aoma~amxgc gc gcxeoj#
rjoahomj gc |ht~alaj mh cg| ngeacag| }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| mh cj| wxh ma|rjoh hc lho}tj/
G cj cgtij mh laolj lxt|j| wxh cch~g nxolajogomj cg| GXCG\ LJJRHTG]A^G\ EXC]A]GTHG# |h fgo
rjmamj thgca{gt ma|}ao}g| h~gcxglajoh|# }go}j ao}htog| ljej hv}htog| wxh fgo |ht~amj rgtgthjtaho}gt gl}xglajoh|# ljtthiat httjth| q ehkjtgt cg hvrhtaholag/ \jo oxehtj|j| cj| ljeho}gtaj| h
aomalgmjth| wxh |h rjmtågo aolcxat ho h|}h grgt}gmj# rhtj fhej| |hchllajogmj gwxhccj| wxh
rxhmgo |ht~at rgtg acx|}tgt ehkjt cj| cjitj| gclgo{gmj|/
Rjt rgt}h mh cj| gcxeoj|;
Cg ~gcjtglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| ho cj| ma|}ao}j| g|rhl}j| mhc Lho}tj fg |amj itg}geho}h |g}a|ngl}jtag
ho cg| |hllajoh| mh 7» q mh 4» mh cg H/\/J/ &h|rhlagceho}h ho cj| rtaehtj|!/ Cj| gcxeoj| ~gcjtgo
rj|a}a~geho}h hc gxcg# hc }tgdgkj ho hccg# |x jtigoa{glaüo q hc lcaeg wxh |h ihohtg/
Cg rtxhdg mh cg gea|}gm q hc dxho lcaeg wxh |h fg ljo|hixamj ho hc Gxcg# h|}ç ho hc rjlj
gd|ho}a|ej wxh |h rtjmxlh# ho cg rhtegoholag mh cj| gcxeoj| eç| gccç mhc fjtgtaj h|ljcgt q ho hcgc}j åomalh mh rgt}alarglaüo ho cg| gl}a~amgmh| hv}tgh|ljcgth|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 215/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/474/ / / / / / / / /
Rjt rgt}h mh cg| ngeacag|;
Ho cg| thxoajoh| q ho cg| ho}th~a|}g| rht|jogch| |h fgo thladamj rgcgdtg| mh |g}a|ngllaüo q mh
gitgmhlaeaho}j rjt rgt}h mh cg| ngeacag|/ Hc |hixaeaho}j glgmáealj q rht|jogc mh lgmg gcxeoj# hc
ljo}gl}j nthlxho}h h aoehmag}j ljo cg| ngeacag|# cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh |x| fakj|# …/ |jo gcixoj| mh cj|aomalgmjth| wxh ~gcjtgo eç| rj|a}a~geho}h cg| ngeacag|/
Rjt rgt}h mh cj| rtjnh|jth|;
Cj| rtjnh|jth| wxh h|}ço ho hc rtjqhl}j egoanah|}go |x |g}a|ngllaüo q ~gcjtgo rj|a}a~geho}h }go}j
cj| cjitj| jd}hoamj| rjt cj| gcxeoj| ljej hc lcaeg mh }tgdgkj q ljerg÷hta|ej wxh h|}g
eh}jmjcjiåg rj|adaca}g/ Ho h|}h rxo}j oj hva|}h ma|lthrgolag ho cj| |ho}aeaho}j| mh cj| mjlho}h|
mh cg| GXCG\ LJJRHTG]A^G\ EXC]A]GTHG; }jmj| h|}ço |g}a|nhlfj|/
Ho ihohtgc# }jmj| cj| rtjnh|jth| fxdahtgo wxhtamj }hoht eç| }aherj rgtg hcgdjtgt cj| Lxgmhtoj| q
cg| Ixåg| mh Grthoma{gkh/ Mh|}glgo hc ~gcjt wxh fg }hoamj cg hvrhtaholag ho lxgo}j g cg| thcglajoh|ao}htrht|jogch|# }go}j rjt hc holxho}tj ljo j}tj| ljerg÷htj| mh rtjnh|aüo ljej rjt hc
glhtlgeaho}j wxh fg |xrxh|}j gc gcxeogmj/
Cj| rtjnh|jth| |h fgo ej|}tgmj goaegmj|# hvaiho}h| q exq gx}jltå}alj| ljo |x }gthg#
rtaolargceho}h thljojlho cg| mhnalaholag| wxh }hoågo ho lxgo}j g |x njteglaüo th|rhl}j g
eá}jmj| mh grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Aixgceho}h ~gcjtgo rj|a}a~geho}h
cg hvrhtaholag q |aho}ho wxh h| xo hvlhcho}h rxo}j mh rgt}amg rgtg hc lgedaj/
G|å ea|ej# mh|}glgo cj| cjitj| rtjnh|ajogch| wxh fgo gclgo{gmj ljo cj| gcxeoj|# rhtj
egoanah|}go }hejt g wxh oj |h }x~ahtgo ho lxho}g g cg fjtg mh h~gcxgt cg hnalaholag mhc rtjqhl}j0 |ao
hedgtij# |aho}ho wxh h|}j ch| fg rhtea}amj mh|gttjccgt xog oxh~g nglh}g ljej mjlho}h| q fgo
}hoamj wxh grthomht }gedaáo hccj| g }tgdgkgt mh njteg ljjrhtg}a~g/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# }gedaáo fg |amj
xo dxho hkhercj rgtg cj| gcxeoj|/
4/<%% Hc Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag| &LGN!
Cg Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analag Ljeaccg| mh Egmtam &XRLj! rth}homh gdtat|h g cg |jlahmgm q h|rhlagceho}h
g cj| |hl}jth| eç| mh|ng~jthlamj|# mh egohtg wxh oj |hg |ücj xo lho}tj mh |gdht mhc wxh |hdhohnalaho xoj| rjlj|# oa xo lho}tj mh njteglaüo wxh ~a~h mh h|rgcmg| g cj wxh rg|g g |x gcthmhmjt/
Cg Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analag Ljeaccg|# g }tg~á| mh |x Ao|}a}x}j Xoa~ht|a}gtaj mh cg Ngeacag# |h
ljertjeh}h# ljej rtaeht rg|j ho h|}g mathllaüo# g cg lthglaüo mh xo Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg
Ngeacag ho cg| H|lxhcg| Rtjnh|ajogch| Rgmth Rawxht/
Lho}tgt h|}g gllaüo ho cg ngeacag |h mhdh g cg aerjt}golag wxh á|}g }ahoh ljej racgt dç|alj mh cg
|jlahmgm/ Lthhej| ho hc rj}holagc wxh }ahoh ljej giho}h mh lgedaj q ljej hcheho}j thixcgmjt
mh cg h|}gdacamgm hejlajogc rgtg cj| eahedtj| wxh cg ao}hitgo# h|rhlagceho}h cj| ehojth|/
H|}h Lho}tj H|ljcgt h| ljo|laho}h mh cg aerjt}golag mhc ho}jtoj aoehmag}j ho hc mh|gttjccj
rht|jogc q glgmáealj mh |x| gcxeoj| g|å ljej mh cg ohlh|amgm mh xo grjqj rtjnh|ajogc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 216/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 47</ / / / / / / / /
ao}htma|larcaogt g cg| ngeacag| wxh rth|ho}go egqjth| lgtholag| q manalxc}gmh| ho hc mh|gttjccj mh |x
ea|aüo hmxlg}a~g/
Hc Ao|}a}x}j Xoa~ht|a}gtaj mh cg Ngeacag mh cg XRLj# h| hc mathl}geho}h th|rjo|gdch mh jtigoa{gt#mh|gttjccgt q ego}hoht h|}g cåohg mh }tgdgkj qg wxh |x hvrhtaholag ho h|}h }htthoj q |x rtjnh|jtgmj
h|rhlagca{gmj ho }heg| mh ngeacag mh|mh ma|}ao}g| çthg| mh ljojlaeaho}j &Mhthlfj# R|aljcjiåg#
Rhmgijiåg# ]tgdgkj \jlagc///! cj lgrgla}go rgtg mj}gt g h|}h ma|rj|a}a~j mh cg lgcamgm eçvaeg
hvaiadch/
Hc jdkh}a~j mhc |ht~alaj h| mh|gttjccgt xog ~htmgmhtg njteglaüo ao}hitgc mh cj| gcxeoj| wxh
ljo}herch |x maeho|aüo fxegog# wxh |hg |ho|adch g |x| rtjdcheg| rht|jogch|# |jlagch| q
ngeacagth|0 q wxh ch| jnth{lg g hccj| q |x| ngeacag| grjqj q gqxmg hnalg{ rgtg hontho}gt|h g malfj|
rtjdcheg| q rgtg egmxtgt ljej rht|jog|/
Ogmah oj| ho|h÷g g ~a~at# g |ht fakj# rgmth# egmth# fhtegoj j g hontho}gtoj| g cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh cg
~amg oj| rcgo}hg/ G|xeat ho rgt}h malfg th|rjo|gdacamgm h| hc th}j wxh gntjo}gej|/
H|}h ma|rj|a}a~j mh g}holaüo g cg Ngeacag dx|lg gmheç| gxogt q rj}holagt cj| h|nxht{j| wxh mh|mh
j}tj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û| |h rxhmgo h|}gt fglahomj ho h|}g mathllaüo q mgt g ljojlht
hc thlxt|j g j}tj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/
Cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc LGN |jo;
7 %% G}homht itg}xa}geho}hg cg| ngeacag|/
4 %% Jnthlht gqxmg go}h cj| rtjdcheg|/
< %% Rtjej~ht cg mh}hllaüo rthlj{ mh cj| rtjdcheg|/
= %% Th|rjo|gdaca{gt g cg| ngeacag| ho cg th|jcxlaüo mh cj| rtjdcheg|/
8 %% Nglaca}gt hc mh|gttjccj ao}hitgc mhc gcxeoj*g/
> %% Ljcgdjtgt ho cg }gthg hmxlg}a~g icjdgc/
9 %% Njtegt g }jmj| cj| rtjnh|ajogch| aercalgmj| ho cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/
6 %% Aerxc|gt cg ao~h|}aiglaüo |jdth cg ngeacag/
Hc LGN mh|gttjccg |x gl}a~amgm ho }th| çthg| rtaolargch|; hc çthg mh ao}ht~holaüo# hc çthg mh
njteglaüo q hc çthg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Ho cg rtaehtg# fgq }th| oa~hch| mh ao}ht~holaüo; hc mhaonjteglaüo# hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j# q hc }htgráx}alj/ Ho hc oa~hc mh aonjteglaüo# wxa{ç|
cj eç| mh|}glgdch |hg cg aonjteglaüo chigc# rhtj |h rcgo}hg ljej xo rtjlh|j mh thcglaüo mh gqxmg
mataiamj g glcgtgt mxmg| chigch| g cj| ao}hitgo}h| mh cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt/
Hc oa~hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j |h rcgo}hg# }gedaáo ljej thcglaüo mh gqxmg rgtg
gljerg÷gt q thnjt{gt g cg ngeacag ho |x ~a~holag mh cg| lta|a| ljo cg| wxh |h holxho}tgo ho hc }tço|a}j
mh xog| h}grg| g j}tg| ho hc lalcj mh cg ~amg ngeacagt/ Ho h|}h oa~hc |h x}aca{go }áloalg| wxh
njt}gch{lgo cj| thlxt|j| q fgdacamgmh| mh lgmg xoj mh cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag/ Rgtg hccj# h|
aerth|laomadch wxh cg| thcglajoh| ngeacagth| |hgo gûo nchvadch| q eåoaegeho}h |gog|/ Rjt }go}j#
h|}h oa~hc mh ao}ht~holaüo |h rcgo}hg lxgomj cg| maoçealg| ngeacagth| oj |h fgo tj}j q cgmh|h|}txl}xtglaüo mhc |a|}heg ngeacagt }ahoh xo itgmj dgkj j ehmaj/ Ljo h|}g jtaho}glaüo q
g|h|jtgeaho}j |h ao}ho}g hvrcalgt hc lalcj mh cg ~amg ngeacagt q cg| lta|a| wxh |h mgo ho hc }tço|a}j mh
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 217/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/47=/ / / / / / / / /
xog g j}tg h}grg/ ]gedaáo |h gqxmg ho cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| ljo hc nao mh ehkjtgt cg thcglaüo ho}th
rgmth| h fakj|# rgtg cj lxgc |h }tg}g mh ho|h÷gt xog |htah mh fhttgeaho}g| mh ljexoalglaüo q mh
thcglaüo ho}th cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag ljo hc nao mh wxh thlxrhtho cg ljonago{g ho |å ea|ej|/
Ho rgt}alxcgt# |h gqxmg gc gmjch|lho}h g rtjnxoma{gt ho |x ejeho}j h~jcx}a~j q thljojlht cg| çthg|
rht|jogch| wxh ohlh|a}go h~jcxlaüo q ehkjtg/ Rgtg hccj# |h ch ho}thog ho hc mh|gttjccj mh cg ao}hcaiholag
hejlajogc# ehkjtgomj cg| lxg}tj ljerh}holag| hejlajogch|; ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| rtjrag|
hejlajoh| &gx}jljojlaeaho}j hejlajogc!0 ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| hejlajoh| mh cj| mheç| &herg}åg!0
thixcglaüo mh cg| rtjrag| hejlajoh| &gx}jljo}tjc hejlajogc!0 q ih|}aüo mh cg| hejlajoh| mh cj|
mheç| &fgdacamgmh| |jlagch|!/ H|}j |xrjoh# gmheç|# ho}thogt g cj| kü~hoh| ho hc egohkj mh cg
go|ahmgm &}áloalg| mh thcgkglaüo# ljo}tjc mhc rho|geaho}j# h}l/!0 jnthlht xo h|rglaj g ngeacagth|
mathl}j| mh cj| gcxeoj| j g rtjnh|jth| rgtg cg th~a|aüo mh cg |a}xglaüo mh ~amg rht|jogc0 jnthlht xo
gljerg÷geaho}j gmhlxgmj q ohlh|gtaj ho |a}xglajoh| ljoncal}a~g| ltüoalg| j ho |a}xglajoh| ltå}alg|
rxo}xgch|0 q gqxmgt g lgmg rht|jog g cjitgt cg| eh}g| wxh |h rtjrjoig ho cg ~amg/
Naogceho}h# ho hc oa~hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j |h jnthlh xo |ht~alaj mh ehmaglaüo ngeacagt#
ho hc wxh cg| rgt}h| glxmho ~jcxo}gtageho}h rgtg fgdcgt mh xog njteg ma|}ao}g |jdth hc ljoncal}j
wxh oj fgo rjmamj j |gdamj th|jc~ht# go}h xo ehmagmjt aergtlagc wxh ao}ho}gtç lgrgla}gtch| rgtg
wxh ~xhc~go g grtjragt|h gl}a~g q th|rjo|gdcheho}h mh |x thgcamgm/ H|}g lgrgla}glaüo rg|g rjt
gqxmgtch| g ih|}ajogt cj| ljoncal}j|0 g }jegt mhla|ajoh| th|rjo|gdcheho}h go}h cj| rtjdcheg|0 g
lho}tgt|h ho cg th|jcxlaüo mh rtjdcheg| ljolth}j|# oj thcglajogch|0 g x}aca{gt fhttgeaho}g| mh
ljexoalglaüo jtaho}gmg| g cg th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| ho}th cj| rgt}alargo}h|0 g rth~hoat lxgcwxaht
njteg mh ~ajcholag0 q g ehkjtgt hc lcaeg mh ljo~a~holag/
H| exq aerjt}go}h cg njteg ho wxh h|}ç jtigoa{gmj hc |ht~alaj mh ehmaglaüo mhc Lho}tj/ Fgq xo
rtjnh|ajogc h|rhlagca{gmj ho ehmaglaüo ngeacagt/ Rhtj# gmheç| mh cg ao}ht~holaüo mathl}g# h|}h
rtjnh|ajogc ljjtmaog q |xrht~a|g xo hwxarj mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ehmagmjtg| wxh# ho}th }jmj| q
}jmg|# jnthlho cj| |aixaho}h| |ht~alaj| g }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g;
7 %% Ehmaglajoh| ho}th gcxeoj|
4 %% Ehmaglajoh| ho}th rtjnh|jth| q gcxeoj|# rtjnh|jth| q ngeacag|# ho}th rtjnh|jth|# h}l/
< %% Ehmagmjth| mh Grjqj ho cj| thlthj|
= %% Ehmagmjth| gqxmgo}h| mh oxh~j| gcxeoj|
8 %% Lxt|j| q ]gcchth| mh njteglaüo ho ehmaglaüo q th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| ho Gxcg| qLcgx|}tj
> %% Gl}a~amgmh| rgtg cg ehkjtg mhc lcaeg ho hc lho}tj h|ljcgt/
Ho hc çthg mh ao}ht~holaüo# hc ûc}aej oa~hc h| hc }htgráx}alj# wxh |h rcgo}hg ljej thcglaüo mh gqxmg
rgtg |j|}hoht q rj|adaca}gt cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg| ngeacag| exc}artjdcheç}alg|/ Hc oa~hc }htgráx}alj
|h ~xhc~h aerth|laomadch ho ngeacag| lxqg| thcglajoh| |jo aonchvadch| h ao|gog|0 ho cg| lxgch|# cg
maoçealg ngeacagt h|}ç tj}g0 q |h mg xo gc}j itgmj mh mh|h|}txl}xtglaüo ngeacagt/
Ho h|}g| ngeacag|# h| ohlh|gtaj h~gcxgt cj| h|}acj| mh thcglaüo q nxolajogeaho}j ngeacagt go}h cj|
rtjdcheg|0 ljolth}gt jdkh}a~j| mh ao}ht~holaüo ljo cg ngeacag wxh rhtea}go ehkjtgt cg thcglaüo ho}thrgmth| h fakj|0 rj}holagt hc mh|gttjccj mh cj| thlxt|j| rht|jogch| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg |gcat mh cg |a}xglaüo
rtjdcheç}alg0 q jnthlht h|}acj| gc}htog}a~j| mh thcglaüo q nxolajogeaho}j ngeacagt go}h cj| rtjdcheg|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 218/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 478/ / / / / / / / /
Rgtg hccj# |xhch rgt}at|h mh xog mhegomg aoma~amxgc mh gciûo eahedtj mh cg ngeacag# }tg| cg lxgc |h
h~gcûg hc rtjdcheg rcgo}hgmj rjt h|g rht|jog ho |x| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh| daj%r|alj%|jlagc/ G rgt}at
mh gfå |h }tg}g mh mj}gt g h|}g rht|jog mh cg| fhttgeaho}g| q h|}tg}hiag| mh gntjo}geaho}j q |h h~gcûg#
g|aea|ej# cg ohlh|amgm mh xo }tgdgkj wxh aolcxqg g }jmj| cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag/
Hc çthg mh njteglaüo }ahoh ljej jdkh}a~j njtegt rtjnh|ajogch| gc}geho}h lxgcanalgmj| ho cg
ao}ht~holaüo ljo ngeacag| q ljo ehojth|/ Rgtg hccj# |xhch |ht ohlh|gtaj njtegt rtjnh|ajogch| mhc
lho}tj h|ljcgt –g cg lgt}g―# h| mhlat# mh glxhtmj ljo ohlh|amgmh| ljolth}g| wxh |xtiho mh cg
g}holaüo g |a}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg|/ ]gedaáo ao}ho}g njtegt g cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rtjnh|jth| q
rtjnh|jtg|# ngeacagth|# q g cg| rht|jog| mhc dgttaj ho fgdacamgmh| |jlagch|# ehmaglaüo# th|jcxlaüo
ljoncal}j|# ehkjtg mh cg gx}jh|}aeg# h}l/ Rgtg hccj# |h }tg}g mh ng~jthlht hc }tgdgkj rtçl}alj rgtg hc
mh|gttjccj mh cg| rtjrag| fgdacamgmh|/ Q }gedaáo |h fglh aerth|laomadch manxomat q mgt g ljojlht hc
rtjraj \ht~alaj mh Njteglaüo/
Rjt ûc}aej# mh|mh hc çthg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo# |h rth}homh gogca{gt cj| lgedaj| q lgtgl}htå|}alg| mh cg|
ngeacag|0 hcgdjtgt q manxomat xo ejmhcj h|rhlånalj mh ao}ht~holaüo rtjnh|ajogc0 hcgdjtgt
lxh|}ajogtaj| rgtg cg thljiamg |a|}heç}alg mh mg}j| thch~go}h| rgtg cg ao~h|}aiglaüo |jdth
jtaho}glaüo# ehmaglaüo q }htgrag ngeacagt0 h~gcxgt ljo}aoxgeho}h cg gl}a~amgm rtjnh|ajogc rgtg
ehkjtgt cg| lgrglamgmh| mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg| ho hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j0 q hcgdjtgt rjt
h|lta}j h|}xmaj| h aonjteh| |jdth }jmj| cj| ngl}jth| wxh aoncxqho ho cg ngeacag# ho |x maoçealg q ho
|x| lgrglamgmh|# q ho cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h mgo ho hccg/
<%% G|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|
Rxhdcj| Xoamj| |xtih# g naogch| mh cg málgmg mh 7112# ljej th|rxh|}g g cg thgcamgm lgedago}h mhc
dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg &Egmtam! q ljej |ht~alaj g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cj| oxh~j| ~hlaoj| mh jtaiho
aoeaitgo}h/ Ntx}j mh cg rth|holag hlch|agc g rgt}at mh cg rgttjwxag q hc gtlarth|}g{ij# mh ma~ht|g|
ljoithiglajoh| thcaiaj|g|# mh Lçta}g|# mh xo oûehtj lthlaho}h mh ~jcxo}gtaj| q mh cg rtjrag
rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h# hc camhtg{ij mhc kh|xa}g Eaixhc Çoihc \çolfh{%Gtkjog cjitü h|}gdaca{gt hc
rtjqhl}j q fglhtcj lthlht rtjith|a~geho}h/ Gmheç| mh cg g}holaüo rht|jogc q mh cj| h|rglaj| mh
|jlagca{glaüo ljexoa}gtag# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| jnthlaü rtjo}j |ht~alaj| mh dû|wxhmg mh herchj q mhgrjqj h|ljcgt g cj| ehojth|# g|å ljej g|h|jtåg kxtåmalg# g}holaüo r|aljcüialg h ao}ht~holaüo |jlagc/
Rxhmh ljo|amhtgt|h hc g÷j 422> ljej hc aoalaj mh xog oxh~g ng|h# egtlgmg rjt cg aoljtrjtglaüo mhc
oxh~j ljjtmaogmjt q rjt hc }tg|cgmj g cj| oxh~j| cjlgch|/ Hc lthlaeaho}j lxgo}a}g}a~j &ho oûehtj mh
rht|jog| g}homamg|# ho oûehtj mh ~jcxo}gtaj| q mh rht|jog| ljo}tg}gmg|# ho ~jcxeho mh
gl}a~amgmh|! ljocch~g }gedaáo h|nxht{j| mh lcgtanalglaüo jtigoa{g}a~g mh lgtg g xo lthlaeaho}j
}gedaáo lxgca}g}a~j/ Cg rtjrag thgcamgm mhc dgttaj q mh cg eaitglaüo |aixh lgedagomj# q g hccg| }tg}g
mh gmgr}gt|h Rxhdcj| Xoamj|/
\aherth g}ho}j| g cj| rtaehtj| h|}gmaj| mhc rtjlh|j eaitg}jtaj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| jnthlh xo h|rglaj
mh gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g# g }tg~á| mh xo a}aohtgtaj wxh ljerthomh hcgljerg÷geaho}j mh cg rht|jog mh|mh cg gljiamg aoalagc# rg|gomj rjt |x njteglaüo q rtaeht
herchj/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| grxh|}g rjt xog gx}áo}alg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| ngeacag|
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 219/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/47>/ / / / / / / / /
aoeaitgo}h| rtjralagomj |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q |x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g ho cg |jlahmgm# g|å ljej
njeho}gomj cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo egtlj mh ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# mjomh manhtho}h| itxrj|
ljo~a~ho ho maçcjij q g}homahomj lgmg xoj g |x rtjrag amho}amgm/ Hc }tgdgkj mh cg g|jlaglaüo rjoh
hc áong|a| ho hc gljerg÷geaho}j ngeacagt q ho cg lhtlgoåg gnhl}a~g g cg| rht|jog| q jnthlh xoh|rglaj mh |jlagca{glaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ntx}j mh h|}h }tgdgkj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| gljerg÷g ho hc
}aherj hc a}aohtgtaj ~a}gc mh gwxhccg| rht|jog| wxh mh|hgo ~aolxcgt|h eç| h|}thlfgeho}h ljo cg|
gl}a~amgmh| mh cg g|jlaglaüo/
Rxhdcj| Xoamj| h|# g|å# xog ao|}a}xlaüo wxh ljolho}tg |x| h|nxht{j| ho cg g}holaüo mathl}g g cg
rjdcglaüo# ljo hc nao mh rtjej~ht |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q |x rgt}alarglaüo |jlagc/ Mh|gttjccg }th|
çthg| mh }tgdgkj;
%% Gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g &7%4 g÷j|!# g }tg~á| mh xo a}aohtgtaj wxh
ljerthomh hc gljerg÷geaho}j mh cg rht|jog mh|mh cg gljiamg aoalagc# rg|gomj rjt |xnjteglaüo q rtaeht herchj/
%% Ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| rtjralagomj |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q
|x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g ho cg |jlahmgm# g|å ljej njeho}gomj cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo
egtlj mh ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# mjomh manhtho}h| itxrj| ljo~a~ho ho maçcjij#
g}homahomj lgmg xoj g |x rtjrag amho}amgm q g cg mh cj| j}tj|/
%% \ho|adaca{glaüo mh cg jraoaüo rûdcalg h|rg÷jcg q mh|gttjccj mh thcglajoh| ao|}a}xlajogch|
mataiamg| g manxomat oxh|}tj ljojlaeaho}j q hvrhtaholag# mhoxolagt thgcamgmh| aokx|}g| q
njtexcgt rtjrxh|}g| mh ao}hitglaüo# ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc q maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j/
Gmheç|# }tg}g mh |ht xo lho}tj mh thnhtholag ho hc dgttaj mh Cg ^ho}accg# rhtj wxh oj |h caea}g gc
}tgdgkj –mh dgttaj― q wxh mh|hg x}aca{gt |x hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj cjlgc rgtg gl}xgt ho h|rglaj| eç|
gercaj| wxh hc dgttaj/ Rjt hkhercj;
%% Hc }tgdgkj mh ao}hitglaüo |h ljolho}tg ho hc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg# ma|}ta}j mh ]h}xço#
Egmtam# mjomh }gedaáo |h g}ahomh g ngeacag| h|rg÷jcg|/
%% Hc rtjitgeg mh ~a~ahomg q cg dû|wxhmg mh herchj |h mh|gttjccgo ho hc çeda}j eç|
gercaj mh cg Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam/
%% Cg gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g |h mh|gttjccg ho gc çeda}j mh cg
Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam# rjt }tg}gt|h mh rht|jog| gûo |ao tgålh| cjlgch| ho H|rg÷g/%% Hc }tgdgkj mh ljolaholaglaüo |jlagc h aolamholag rjcå}alg h|# rjt |x rtjrag og}xtgch{g# mh
çeda}j eç| gercaj gc dgttaj/
]tg}g mh |ht# rjt }go}j# xog ho}amgm ljo xog h|}txl}xtg jtigoa{g}a~g hnalaho}h# ljfh|ajogmg
ao}htogeho}h# rgt}alarg}a~g# ljo rht|jogc njtegmj %}go}j ljo}tg}gmj ljej ~jcxo}gtaj% q
lgrgla}gmj rgtg mh|gttjccgt xo }tgdgkj mh lgcamgm ho hwxarj q wxh }tgdgkg gl}a~geho}h ho thm ljo
j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 220/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 479/ / / / / / / / /
=%% Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht
Cg Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht nxh htaiamg ho 71=2/ \xlhmh g xog aich|ag oj rgttjwxagc
mhmalgmg g cg ^atiho mhc Lgteho |a}xgmg ho hc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg/ Ho cj| g÷j| 42 mhc |aicjrg|gmj# Kj|á Egtåg Txdaj herah{g g }tgdgkgt ho hc dgttaj# ho}jolh| mh }tgrhtj| q lfg}gtthtj|# q
nxomg xog| h|lxhcg| mjomh }tgdgkgo ho}th j}tj| Mjo Kxgo q Mjo Mheh}taj mh Gomtá| &egh|}tj|
wxh nxhtjo nx|acgmj| ho 71<> q wxh |h ch| ljojlh ljo hc ojedth mh Eçt}ath| mh cg ^ho}accg!/
Ho cj| g÷j| >2 cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û| |x|ltadh xo ljolaht}j ljo Lgkg Egmtam# rjt hc wxh h|}g
ljo|}txqh cg lxqg mathllaüo holjeahomg g cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ Mh|mh ho}jolh|# njteg
rcg}gnjteg ljo ác# q mh|mh fglh xoj| g÷j| ljo hc Lho}tj mh g}holaüo g aoeaitgo}h|/ Ho cj| g÷j| 92
hc Gt{jda|rj mjo Lg|aeatj Ejtlaccj lthg xog oxh~g Rgttjwxag# }gedaáo holjehomgmg g cg
Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|# lxqj }a}xcgt h| \go Cxa| Ijo{gig/ Fglh xoj| rjlj| g÷j|# q ljo ej}a~j mh cg
thejmhcglaüo mhc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg# mh oxh~j |h xoahtjo cg| mj| rgttjwxag| wxh nxolajogoljokxo}geho}h q ljo xo ea|ej hwxarj |glhtmj}gc/
Fjq hc dgttaj ho hc wxh |h ao|ht}g cg rgttjwxag }ahoh xog rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h exq hch~gmg# g|å
ljej xog itgo rjdcglaüo rtj~hoaho}h mh thgcjkj|/ G oa~hc |jlagc# hc }tgdgkj ljo aoeaitgo}h| g }tg~á|
mh Rxhdcj| Xoamj| h| exq gercaj &gljiamg# rgrhch|# g|h|jtgeaho}j chigc# dû|wxhmg mh herchj#
h|lxhcg mh ~htgoj# grjqj h|ljcgt# dû|wxhmg mh ~a~ahomg|# g}holaüo r|aljcüialg…!/ Cg rtjlh|aüo
mh cg ^atiho mhc Wxaolfh &gm~jlglaüo jtaiaogtag mh Hlxgmjt!# wxh jtigoa{g cg rgttjwxag mh|mh fglh
~gtaj| g÷j| thûoh g lg|a 4222 heaitgo}h|# cg egqjtåg mh hccj|# hlxg}jtagoj|/ ]gedaáo ho hc oa~hc
|jlagc# h|}g rgttjwxag lxho}g ljo Lçta}g| wxh g}ahomh g golagoj| q g ehojth| ho tah|ij/
Ho cg rgttjwxag# h| aerjt}go}h cg rg|}jtgc mh cj| \gltgeho}j| q cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| wxh
gljerg÷go cg| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh| mh cg ~amg q cg hvrhtaholag thcaiaj|g mh cg| rht|jog|/
]gedaáo fgq xog dxhog thcglaüo ljo cg Maülh|a|# g }tg~á| mh cg algtåg q hc Gtlarth|}g{ij/ Q hva|}h cg
G|jlaglaüo Tjlahtg mh cg ho}accg# wxh }ahoh |hmh ho cg rgttjwxag/
8%% Ljolcx|aüo
Cj| dxhoj| th|xc}gmj| mh cg hvrhtaholag hmxlg}a~g mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht |h dg|go
ho cg ljoncxholag mh h|nxht{j|# mh|mh ma|}ao}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| exq gl}a~g| q rth|ho}h| ho hc dgttaj mh
Cg ^ho}accg mh|mh fglh exlfj| g÷j|/ Cg ljercheho}gtahmgm q cg ljjtmaoglaüo mh cg gllaüo mh
}jmg| h|}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| rhtea}h xo hnhl}j exc}arcalgmjt q rj}holag cg hnalglag q hc gclgolh mh lgmg
xog mh hccg|/
H| h~amho}h wxh xo h|nxht{j g|å oj h| rj|adch |ao thlxt|j|/ Oj rjmhej| jc~amgt wxh |h }tg}g oj
|ücj mh xo lho}tj ljolht}gmj# |aoj# gmheç|# mh xo lho}tj grjqgmj hljoüealgeho}h rjt xog
ao|}a}xlaüo naogolahtg ljej Lgkg Egmtam &gfjtg Dgo`ag!/ Rhtj cj| itgomh| h aerjt}go}h| cjitj|
ljo|hixamj| rjt hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht# mh cj| lxgch| cg lht}analglaüo mhhvlhcholag hxtjrhg h| –|ücj― hc thljojlaeaho}j rûdcalj ao}htoglajogc# |jo }go}j eç|
|aioanalg}a~j| rjtwxh |h mgo# rthla|geho}h# ho xo dgttaj fxeacmh ljo rht|jog| q ngeacag| wxh |h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 221/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 222/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 471/ / / / / / / / /
GRTHO%MAHOMJG \HTAIXGCH
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 223/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/442/ / / / / / / / /
CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGCLJEJ LTA]HTAJMH LGCAMGM MH CGHO\H×GO[G/
CG H GCXGLAÜOLJEJ LJOMALAÜOMH LGCAMGM HO CGHMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC
LGRÅ]XCJ77
Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch| Ejo}jcåj<6/ \joag Jt}hig Iga}h<1/ Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh} Ehcaç=2
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 224/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 447/ / / / / / / / /
7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo
Cg th~a|aüo mh cg| lcg~h| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g cj cgtij mh cg| rçiaog| mh h|}h cadtj fg
rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j |x aerjt}golag ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| q ho cg| gxcg|# q# rgtgchcgeho}h# hcrj}holagc mh cg h|lxhcg ljej ej}jt mh |ho|adaca{glaüo q mh lgedaj |jlagc ho h|}h }heg/
Cg| rtçl}alg| lj}amagog| ho cj| lho}tj|# g }tg~á| mh rtjrxh|}g| ao}hitgmjtg|# ho cj| Rtjqhl}j|
Hmxlg}a~j| mh Lho}tj q Rtjqhl}j| Lxttalxcgth|# j mh rtjrxh|}g| h|rhlånalg| g oa~hc mh gxcg# |htço
cg| wxh ljolth}ho h|}g grxh|}g icjdgc rjt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Q cg h~gcxglaüo mhdh |ht xog
h|}tg}hiag mh th~a|aüo mh cg rtjrag rtçl}alg wxh gqxmh g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g g gogca{gt cj wxh |h
fglh# rjt wxá |h fglh# lüej |h fglh# wxá th|xc}gmj| oj| grjt}g# q |a h|j| th|xc}gmj| |jo cj wxh
thgceho}h ohlh|a}gdg hc ljchl}a~j ljo hc wxh }tgdgkgej|/
4%% Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g
Cg| rtaehtg| cåohg| mhc rthçedxcj mh cg CJH 422> mhnaoho cg hmxlglaüo ljej –hc ehmaj mh
}tgo|ea}at q# gc ea|ej }aherj# mh thoj~gt cg lxc}xtg &…! mh njeho}gt cg ljo~a~holag mhejltç}alg q hc
th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag| aoma~amxgch|# mh rtjej~ht cg |jcamgtamgm q h~a}gt cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ljo hc
jdkh}a~j nxomgeho}gc mh cjitgt cg ohlh|gtag ljfh|aüo |jlagc/ Gmheç|# cg hmxlglaüo h| hc ehmaj eç|
gmhlxgmj rgtg igtgo}a{gt hc hkhtlalaj mh cg laxmgmgoåg mhejltç}alg# th|rjo|gdch# cadth q ltå}alg# wxh
th|xc}g aoma|rho|gdch rgtg cg ljo|}a}xlaüo mh |jlahmgmh| g~go{gmg|# maoçealg| q kx|}g|―/ Exh|}tg cg
aerjt}golag mh cg hmxlglaüo rgtg igtgo}a{gt xog gmhlxgmg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm rht|jogc q
mh xog ~a|aüo laxmgmgog wxh nglaca}h cg h~jcxlaüo mh cg rht|jog q cg |jlahmgm# ljo hc glho}j ho hc
th|rh}j q cg ljo~a~holag rgtg cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc/
Cg |jlahmgm gl}xgc ohlh|a}g eç| hmxlglaüo rgtg njeho}gt cg laxmgmgoåg ltå}alg q cg rgt}alarglaüo/
Cg hmxlglaüo rj}holag hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj0 h| rjt }go}j# xo rtjlh|j g cj cgtij mh }jmg cg ~amg wxh
fglh wxh cg| rht|jog| h~jcxlajoho mh njteg gmhlxgmg q ihohtho lgedaj| |jlagch| q h|}txl}xtgch|
holgeaogmj| gc mh|gttjccj# ljej |h÷gcg Kgwxh| Mhcjt| &7119;<=! ho dg|h g cj| lxg}tj racgth|
nxomgeho}gch| mh }jmj rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j; grthomht g ljojlht# grthomht fglht# grthomht g ~a~at
kxo}j| q grthomht g |ht /
Cj| rtaolaraj| q naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo rcgo}hgmj| ho cg CJH njeho}go xog ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc#
ihohtgomj xog amhg mh th|rh}j# |jcamgtamgm# nchvadacamgm# kx|}alag# h}l/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj cj rcgo}hg
Egt}åo Ijtmaccj &422>; >1! gc fgdcgt mh cj| naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo –hmxlgt h| fxegoa{gt q# rjt }go}j# cg
mhnaoalaüo mh cj| naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo mhrhomh ho itgo ehmamg mh cg ljolhrlaüo wxh |h mhnahomg
<9 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Eá}jmj| mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Magioü|}alj ho Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh
^gcæolag/ rhtgch|Bx~/h| % f}}r;**yyy/x~/h|*ihe/<6 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Rhmgijiåg/ H|lxhcg Xoa~ht|a}gtag mh Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh ^gccgmjcam/
|joagjiBrmi/x~g/h|/<1 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Eá}jmj| mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Magioü|}alj ho Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh
^gcæolag/ kjtoh}Bx~/h| % f}}r;**yyy/x~/h|*ihe
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 225/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/444/ / / / / / / / /
|jdth hc |ht fxegoj/ Xog hmxlglaüo ao}hitgc fgdtç mh }hoht ho lxho}g mh njteg hwxacadtgmg cg|
ma|}ao}g| maeho|ajoh| fxegog| q cj| manhtho}h| çeda}j| ho cj| wxh h| rj|adch q mh|hgdch hmxlgt g
cg| rht|jog|―/
\h }tg}g# |hiûo Egt}åo Ijtmaccj# mh hmxlgt g rht|jog| wxh mhdho grthomht ljojlaeaho}j| rhtj }gedaáo h|
ohlh|gtaj wxh grthomgo g tg{jogt# g ljojlht cg thgcamgm &hmxlglaüo rgtg ljojlht!0 h| ohlh|gtaj grthomht
fgdacamgmh| wxh }hoigo thcglaüo ljo hc |gdht wxh rj}holah |x ao}hitglaüo q cadht}gm &hmxlglaüo rgtg
egohkgt!0 grthomht g ~gcjtgt h| aixgc mh aerjt}go}h wxh grthomht ljojlaeaho}j|# &hmxlglaüo rgtg ~gcjtgt!0
rjt ûc}aej grthomht g rgt}alargt# xo g|rhl}j wxh |h grthomh mh|mh rhwxh÷j| rgtg cjitgt |ht rgt}h gl}a~g
mh cg |jlahmgm &hmxlglaüo rgtg rgt}alargt!/ Xog hmxlglaüo rgtg |gdht fglht# xog amhg mh }hoht
ljojlaeaho}j rhtj eh{lcgmj ljo ~gcjth| rgtg wxh eh |at~go rgtg |ht laxmgmgoj*g gl}a~j*g/
Ho h|}g ea|eg cåohg cg CJH aoljtrjtg cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| gc lxttålxcj wxh hc gcxeogmj gc
naogca{gt cg ho|h÷go{g jdcaig}jtag mhdh fgdht cjitgmj gclgo{gt h aoljtrjtgt g |x måg g måg# rgtgmh|gttjccgt|h ljej laxmgmgoj|%g| ltå}alj|%g|;
7 %% Ljerh}holag ho ljexoalglaüo caoióå|}alg/
4 %% Ljerh}holag eg}heç}alg/
< %% Ljerh}holag ho hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg ao}htgllaüo ljo hc exomj nå|alj/
= %% ]tg}geaho}j mh cg aonjteglaüo q ljerh}holag maia}gc/
8 %% Ljerh}holag |jlagc q laxmgmgog/
> %% Ljerh}holag lxc}xtgc q gt}å|}alg/
9 %% Ljerh}holag rgtg grthomht g grthomht/
6 %% Gx}jojeåg rht|jogc/
]jmg| }ahoho xog itgo aerjt}golag rgtg ljerch}gt hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j rhtj rgtg cg }heç}alg wxh
h|}gej| }tgdgkgomj ljertjdgej| lüej cg }th|# laolj# |ha| q jlfj# ho}th j}tg|# |h ~aolxcgo ljo cg
amhg mh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh rj}holag xog gmwxa|alaüo mh ljerh}holag| rjt rgt}h mhc
gcxeogmj# xog njteg mh fglht# h|}gt q |ho}at ho }jtoj g h|}g }heç}alg ho cg |jlahmgm gl}xgc/
]gedaáo cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg g|aiog}xtg mh Hmxlglaüo rgtg cg Laxmgmgoåg ho rtaegtag# |hlxomgtag
q dglfacchtg}j ljo |x| manhtho}h| ojeholcg}xtg|# lxttalxcxe q }hegtaj| rhtea}h ao}tjmxlat
ljo}hoamj| q rtçl}alg| ho }jtoj g h|}g hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho}th j}tg| }heç}alg|/
Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg g|aiog}xtg rtjrjtlajog xo rcgo}hgeaho}j hmxlg}a~j exq ao}hth|go}h rhtj cg
hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc oj rxhmh |ht ljo|amhtgmg ûoalgeho}h ljej xog g|aiog}xtg; h|
aerth|laomadch }tgdgkgt gmheç| mh njteg }tgo|~ht|gc cg }heç}alg rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj ho}ahomg |x
aerjt}golag q ~gqg aoljtrjtgomj cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho |x wxhfglht magtaj/
Rgtg ao}tjmxlat cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j# |h thgca{go ho oxh|}tj rgå| exlfg|
hvrhtaholag| mh|mh manhtho}h| rcgo}hgeaho}j| rhmgiüialj|# eh}jmjcjiåg| q h|lhogtaj| wxh
rj}holago xo rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j mh }tgo|njteglaüo mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc gdgtlgomj
g }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g j mh|mh xo rtjlh|j rxo}xgc j ljolth}j ho mh}hteaogmj|ejeho}j| h|ljcgth|/ H|}g| hvrhtaholag| thwxhtatço mh xog h~gcxglaüo wxh oj| grjt}h aonjteglaüo
mh |x h~jcxlaüo q cjitj| |a g|å cj ljo|amhthej| jrjt}xoj/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 226/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 44</ / / / / / / / /
Hc rgrhc mjlho}h |htç lcg~h ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j# ljej |h |h÷gcg ho cj| rtaolaraj| mh cg
CJH# |ahomj h~amho}h wxh cg njteg mh ho}homht q fglht |htç lcg~h rgtg ao}tjmxlat xo rtjlh|j x j}tj
wxh njeho}h xog eatgmg ao}htlxc}xtgc mh njteg ljolth}g j icjdgca{gmg# g rgt}at mhc goçca|a| mh
hvrhtaholag| rth~ag|# wxa{ç g~gcgmg| rjt rtjlh|j| h~gcxg}a~j|/ Thgca{gt xo }tgdgkj ljokxo}j ljo cgljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g wxh rj}holag hc áva}j mhc }tgdgkj# rhtea}h wxh cg| rht|jog| |h |aho}go rgt}h
mhc rtjlh|j# thnchvajoho |jdth |x| gllajoh| q |h ej}a~ho rgtg |hixat ljo|}txqhomj/
Hc*cg mjlho}h mhdh cjitgt hejlajogt q ej}a~gt g |x gcxeogmj ho thcglaüo g cg }heç}alg }tgdgkgmg
rgtg ljo}geaogt gc gcxeogmj ljo h|g acx|aüo q igog| mh grthomht/ H| aerth|laomadch wxh hc
mjlho}h |h lthg q ~a~g cj wxh h|}ç ho|h÷gomj# |h |aho}g rgt}h mhc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j rgtg |hixat
ljo|}txqhomj mh njteg ljokxo}g q ihohtgt xo rtjlh|j mh lgcamgm kxo}j ljo |x gcxeogmj/
Cg h|lxhcg h| xoj mh cj| ej}jth| mh }tgo|njteglaüo eç| aerjt}go}h| wxh rj|hho cg| |jlahmgmh|
rgtg at ihohtgomj oxh~g| njteg| mh ho}homht q fglht ho cg |jlahmgm/ Cg gl}xgcamgm oj| exh|}tgwxh cg| |jlahmgmh| h|}ço ho ljo|}g}h h~jcxlaüo# ~a~aej| ho xog gcmhg icjdgc ho cg wxh h|}gej|
ao}htthcglajogmj| “oj| ix|}h eç| j ehoj|% q mhdhej| grthomht g ~htoj| ljej aixgch|# mh|mh cg
amhg mh rht|jog/ Mh|mh h|g thgcamgm mh rht|jog|# }jmj| q }jmg| ehthlhej| cg| ea|eg|
jrjt}xoamgmh| rgtg oj ~a~at rtjlh|j| mh hvlcx|aüo j ma|ltaeaoglaüo/ Xog aixgcmgm mh
jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh oj |aherth h| igtgo}a{gmg rjt |a}xglajoh| aokx|}g| g oa~hc icjdgc# rjt
lxh|}ajoh| ljej –hc cxigt mjomh |h oglh―/
Ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm fgq xog ljo|}go}h thnchvaüo |jdth hc rgrhc mh cg h|lxhcg/ Qg ho cj| g÷j| =2# T/
]qcht rcgo}hgdg –ºmhdhtågo cg| h|lxhcg| njtegt g cj| kü~hoh| rgtg wxh |h gmgr}ho g cg gl}xgc
|jlahmgm }gc ljej hccg h| mh fhlfj: J# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# º}ahoh cg h|lxhcg cg ea|aüo th~jcxlajogtag mh
njtegt g cj| kü~hoh| wxh }tg}gtço mh ehkjtgt h|g ea|eg |jlahmgm:― &71=1;<8!/
Mhdhej| |ht lgrglh| mh ihohtgt xog hmxlglaüo ltå}alg wxh tjerg ljo cg| amhg| q h|}hthj}arj|
grthomamj| |jlagceho}h# wxh oj |jo eç| wxh grthoma{gkh| aoljtthl}j|# ljo|hlxholag ho |x
aoeho|g egqjtåg mh cg rtjrag aiojtgolag# wxh rtjrjtlajogo xog ~a|aüo httüohg mh cg thgcamgm wxh
gdjlg g gd|jcx}a|ej| gd|xtmj| wxh manalxc}go cg| thcglajoh| ho}th manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ Cg| amhg|
httüohg| h aonxomgmg| |jdth j}tg| lxc}xtg| oj oj| rhtea}ho lgeaogt fglag hc holxho}tj mh|mh
rj|alajogeaho}j| mh aixgcmgm wxh nglaca}ho hc hotawxhlaeaho}j ex}xj/ Cg h|lxhcg q cg hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc mhdho njeho}gt xo h|rglaj mh }tgdgkj rgtg ljo|hixat hcaeaogt h|g| amhg| aonxomgmg|#wxh ihohtgca{go q – eh}ho ho hc ea|ej |glj― g }jmg| cg| rht|jog| mh xog ea|eg lxc}xtg# grcalgomj
|jdth h|}j| itxrj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|# |ao |ht |awxahtg ljo|laho}h mh hccj/
Hc gcxeogmj mhdh ~a~at h|}h rtjlh|j mh njteg og}xtgc# mh|mh xog rhmgijiåg ltå}alg wxh nglaca}h cg
txr}xtg mh h|j| h|}hthj}arj| aonxomgmj| |jlagceho}h q rj}holah cg ljo~a~holag q hotawxhlaeaho}j
ex}xj/ H| ohlh|gtag xog hmxlglaüo aolcx|a~g mh lgcamgm wxh rj}holah xog ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc
}tgo|~ht|gca{gmg ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j q wxh aercawxh g }jmg cg ljexoamgm/ Mh h|}g njteg
cg h|lxhcg rjmtç ihohtgt xog }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc ho |x ho}jtoj# q ljo|hixat h|g eatgmg mh
aixgcmgm thgc ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|/
Xo hkhercj mh rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j ho h|}g cåohg |jo cg| ccgegmg| Ljexoamgmh| mh Grthoma{gkh# ljo
xog grxh|}g rjt cg }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc q lxc}xtgc mh xo lho}tj# ljo manhtho}h| ehmamg| mh áva}j# q
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 227/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/44=/ / / / / / / / /
ljo xog maoçealg wxh aercalg g }jmg cg ljexoamgm# rgtg hcaeaogt cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm ho
cg| wxh |h |a}ûgo exlfg| rht|jog| &aoeaitgo}h| j oj! q rtjrjtlajogt xog hmxlglaüo mh áva}j rgtg
}jmj| q }jmg|/
Mh|mh cg xoa~ht|amgm# cg njteglaüo mh rtjnh|jtgmj# ho nglxc}gmh| j h|lxhcg| xoa~ht|a}gtag| mh
hmxlglaüo# mhdh grj|}gt rjt h|}g ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mh njteg wxh cg| g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg|
ljo cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# mh|mh cg| manhtho}h ojeholcg}xtg| wxh x}aca{g lgmg xoa~ht|amgm# oj |hgo
~a|}g| ûoalgeho}h ljej g|aiog}xtg mh ljo}hoamj|# |aoj eç| daho ljej xog njteg mh rho|gt#
fglht q |ho}at ho cg |jlahmgm icjdgca{gmg ho cg wxh ~a~aej|# wxh }homtço wxh }tgdgkgt ho hc gxcg mh
njteg ljo|}go}h ho |x nx}xtj rgrhc mjlho}h/
Hc gcxeogmj mh itgmj mh aongo}ac q rtaegtag ho |x| manhtho}h| eholajoh| mhdh cjitgt mh|grthomht
rgtg grthomht oxh~g| njteg| mh rho|gt# fglht q |ho}at ho thcglaüo g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm0 thnchvajogt
mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j ltå}alj# rgtg cjitgt wxh |hgo nx}xtj| mjlho}h| ljo rj|alajogeaho}j|hmxlg}a~j| ng~jtgdch| fglag cg aolcx|aüo mh njteg thgc q ljfhtho}h/
Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm fg mh |ht ~a~amg ljej xo g|rhl}j mh oxh|}tg ~amg# g|å h| ljej cj ~a~ho cj|
oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh hmxlglaüo aongo}ac fg|}g wxh |jo ljo}geaogmj| rjt cj| manhtho}h| giho}h| |jlagch|
wxh ihohtgo ho hccj| manhtho}h| eatgmg| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo/ Cg h|lxhcg mhdh rj}holagt wxh |aigo
}hoahomj h|g eatgmg ao}htlxc}xtgc g cj cgtij mh }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j wxh atç egmxtgomj q |htç
rgt}h mh cg amho}amgm mh cg rht|jog# xog njteg mh |ht%fglht%}hoht%h|}gt ho hc exomj/
Xo lta}htaj lcgtj mh lgcamgm mh cg hmxlglaüo h|# rjt }go}j# cg ehmamg ho wxh ao}hitg mh njteg icjdgc
h|}g rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x lj}amagohamgm/
<%% Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc
Ho}homhej| cg h~gcxglaüo ljej –hc rtjlh|j |a|}heç}alj mh aomgiglaüo q ljertho|aüo mh cg
thgcamgm hmxlg}a~g wxh rth}homh cg hea|aüo mh xo kxalaj mh ~gcjt |jdth cg ea|eg jtaho}gmj fglag cg
}jeg mh mhla|ajoh| q cg ehkjtg mh cg ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g― &Tgej|# Rhtgch| q Ráth{ Lgtdjohcc#
4221;>2!/
Cg h~gcxglaüo rxhmh }hoht exc}a}xm mh –jdkh}j|―; h~gcxglaüo mh grthoma{gkh|# mh |xkh}j|# mh
rtjitgeg|# mh jtigoa{glajoh|… Xog mh cg| rht|rhl}a~g| wxh# ho}homhej|# jnthlh xog eatgmg
icjdgca{gmg |jdth cg| ao}ht~holajoh| hmxlg}a~g|# rhtea}h cg rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmj| cj| aercalgmj| q
|h gmgr}g mh njteg nchvadch g }jmg| cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| h| cg mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|/
H|}g rht|rhl}a~g rgt}h# h~amho}heho}h# mhc ljolhr}j mh rtjitgeg# ho}homamj ljej xog
– gl}xglaüo rcgoanalgmg# jtigoa{gmg q |a|}heç}alg# gc |ht~alaj mh eh}g| hmxlg}a~g| ~gcaj|g|― &Ráth{
Kx|}h# 4222;4>6!/ Hc oa~hc mh rcgoanalglaüo q jtigoa{glaüo mhc rtjitgeg ~g g |ht hc rtaeht hcheho}j g
~gcjtgt; cg| ao}ht~holajoh| hmxlg}a~g| wxh oj |jo h|}tal}geho}h lxttalxcgth| |h mh|gttjccgo ho cj|
lho}tj| ljo oa~hch| exq fh}htjiáohj| mh ljolthlaüo q |a|}heg}a{glaüo/ Q h|}j ao}tjmxlh mj|thnchvajoh|# wxh qg rjmhej| lgcanalgt mh h~gcxg}a~g|;
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 228/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 448/ / / / / / / / /
%% Aoalagt cg h~gcxglaüo mh xo rtjitgeg hvaih xo oa~hc eåoaej mh njtegca{glaüo mhc ea|ej0
ho lg|j ljo}tgtaj# }homtågej| rtjdcheg| mh –h~gcxgdacamgm ―# }gc q ljej cg ho}ahomh
Nhtoçomh{ Dgcch|}htj| &7118!/ \a h|h rtjitgeg oj h|}ç njtegca{gmj# cg h~gcxglaüo ~g g
|ht exq manålac# gc ngc}gt hcheho}j| |jdth cj| wxh ljo|}txat cj| lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo/
%% Eç| gccç mh wxh |hg xog hvaiholag mh cg eh}jmjcjiåg h~gcxg}a~g# xog thnchvaüo ao}hth|go}h g
rcgo}hgt ho cj| hwxarj| hmxlg}a~j| h| hc oa~hc mh |a|}heg}a{glaüo mh cj| rtjitgeg| ccgegmj|
ao}htlxc}xtgch|# j ho}th lxqj| jdkh}a~j| |h eholajog cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Ho gcixoj| lg|j|#
|h }tg}g mh aoalag}a~g| |ücamg|# wxh gt}alxcgo }jmj hc lxttålxcxe# mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g
ao}hitgmg/ Ho j}tj|# |jo rtjrxh|}g| ga|cgmg|# ~aolxcgmg| ljo ejeho}j| cûmalj|# q mh
gl}a~amgmh| mh|ljohl}gmg| mhc th|}j mh cg ~amg mhc lho}tj q mhc mh|gttjccj lxttalxcgt/ Ho
h|}j| lg|j|# hc rtjdcheg oj h| cg gx|holag mh xo rtjitgeg |a|}heg}a{gmj rjtwxh oj |h
rxhmg grcalgt cg eh}jmjcjiåg mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|# |aoj rjt cj wxh rxhmh mhkgt ~ht
mh ngc}g mh gt}alxcglaüo mh h|}g| aoalag}a~g| ljo –cj thgceho}h aerjt}go}h― ho hc lho}tj/ Xog|hegog ao}htlxc}xtgc rxhmh |ht xog gl}a~amgm ljo xo gc}j rj}holagc hmxlg}a~j# maogea{gmjt#
thnchva~j q lxttalxcgt0 rhtj |ücj cj mh|gttjccgtç |a h|}ç ao}hitgmg ho hc mh|gttjccj lxttalxcgt thgc
mh cg| gxcg| q cj| rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j|/
Mh|mh |x aoalaj# cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| fg grjt}gmj exc}a}xm mh honjwxh| ljo hc rtjrü|a}j
ihohtgc mh thlgdgt aonjteglaüo q hea}at kxalaj| mh ~gcjt |jdth ao}ht~holajoh| |jlajhmxlg}a~g|/ Cg|
ma|}ao}g| rtjrxh|}g| eh}jmjcüialg| oglho mh cj| ma|}ao}j| ejmj| mh ho}homht hc glhtlgeaho}j g cg
thgcamgm &cj| rgtgmaieg| q cj| eá}jmj| mh ao~h|}aiglaüo! q mh cg gmhlxglaüo g cj| ma|}ao}j| jdkh}j|
mh goçca|a| &rtjitgeg|# ao|}a}xlajoh| j rht|jog|0 mh egqjt j ehojt ho~htigmxtg0 ho manhtho}h|
ljo}hv}j|///!/ ]tg| málgmg| mh hontho}geaho}j ho}th rtjrxh|}g|# cg grxh|}g h|}ç gl}xgceho}h ho
ljojlht |xnalaho}heho}h cj| ma|}ao}j| honjwxh|# mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g mh ljercheho}gtahmgm# mh
ejmj wxh cg |hchllaüo ho}th hccj| &j |x| ljedaoglajoh|! |h mhta~h dç|algeho}h mh mj| lta}htaj|; hc
jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo &Rhtgch|# 422=!/
Ho hc egtlj mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mho}tj q nxhtg mh cg h|lxhcg# hc rgrhc mh cg h~gcxglaüo h|
nxomgeho}gc/ Oj |ücj rjt |x rj}holagc rgtg ehkjtgt cj| rtjitgeg| q gqxmgt ho cg }jeg mh
mhla|ajoh|# |aoj }gedaáo rjt hc lgtçl}ht h|holagceho}h njteg}a~j mhc rtjraj rtjlh|j mh
h~gcxglaüo; rcgo}hgt q mh|gttjccgt cg h~gcxglaüo mh xo rtjitgeg |xrjoh ~jc~ht g lxh|}ajogt }jmj|
cj| hcheho}j| wxh cj ljerjoho# ljergtgtcj| ljo cj wxh ho thgcamgm wxhthej| ljo|hixat# ljo cg|ohlh|amgmh| wxh ch mahtjo jtaiho# ljo hc ljo}hv}j thgc mjomh cj h|}gej| mh|gttjccgomj# wxh
}gedaáo lgedag ljo|}go}heho}h/ Hc egqjt rj}holagc mh cg h~gcxglaüo# ho thgcamgm# oj h| }go}j cg
aonjteglaüo naogc wxh grjt}g q cg| |xihtholag| mh ehkjtg wxh aoljtrjtg# |aoj cg thnchvaüo q goçca|a|
wxh fg |xrxh|}j ho |å ea|eg/
Dgt}jcjeá q Lgdthtg &4222! gogca{go gcixog| mh cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| mh cj| ljo}hv}j| mh hmxlglaüo
exc}alxc}xtgc# ho}homamg| ljej ohlh|amgmh| th|rhl}j g cj| rtjlh|j| h~gcxg}a~j|/ Á|}g| |htågo;
%% Cg fh}htjihohamgm mh rtjrxh|}g| q rtjitgeg| mh ao}ht~holaüo ho hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc# wxh mhegomg rtjrxh|}g| h~gcxg}a~g| nchvadch|/%% Cg oj~hmgm q mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh lxh|}ajoh| nxomgeho}gch| |jdth hmxlglaüo
ao}htlxc}xtgc thlcgeg hc rgrhc njteg}a~j mh cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo# h|rhlagceho}h
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 229/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/44>/ / / / / / / / /
njeho}gomj rtjlh|j| mh thnchvaüo q goçca|a| ltå}alj &mh cg rtjrag ao}ht~holaüo# mh cg|
gl}a}xmh| oj egoanah|}g|# mh rthkxalaj| cg}ho}h|///!/
%% Hc lgedaj mh gl}a}xmh| ho cj| rtjraj| hmxlgmjth| aercalg rtjlh|j| gx}jtthnchva~j| q
}tgo|njtegmjth|/ Cg h~gcxglaüo# ljej mhlågej|# h| ho |å ea|eg xo rtjlh|j thnchva~j/%% Cg manhtholag lxc}xtgc h|}ç ~aolxcgmg ho jlg|ajoh| g cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc/ Ljej |h fg
|h÷gcgmj g cj cgtij mh h|}h cadtj# h| aerjt}go}h manhtholagt cg| lcg~h| mh egtiaoglaüo q mh
hvlcx|aüo wxh# gxowxh x}aca{go cg ~a|adch manhtholag lxc}xtgc# |h |x|}ho}go |jdth hcheho}j| mh
hvlcx|aüo ehoj| ~a|adch|# ljej cg aokx|}alag |jlagc# cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|# cg ao}jchtgolag… Cg
h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| rxhmh fglht ~a|adch| h|}j| ljoncal}j|# h|}j| hcheho}j| mh
ntgieho}glaüo# q rxhmh gqxmgt g manhtholagt q ljjtmaogt cg| ao}ht~holajoh|/
Cg| gx}jtg| ljerch}go hc goçca|a| rth|ho}gomj gcixoj| honjwxh| h~gcxg}a~j|# wxh rxhmho |ht
h|rhlagceho}h û}ach| q gmhlxgmj| rgtg cg |a}xglaüo mh|lta}g; cg h~gcxglaüo rgt}alarg}a~g# cg h~gcxglaüo
mhejltç}alg j mhcadhtg}a~g# cg h~gcxglaüo ljexoa}gtag# cg h~gcxglaüo ljcgdjtg}a~g q hc –herjyhteho}―#ljej h|}tg}hiag h|rhlagceho}h ao}hth|go}h/ Oj|j}tg| g÷gmaej| j}tj ejmhcj wxh ljo|amhtgej|
nxomgeho}gc rjt |x gc}j rj}holagc h|}txl}xtgmjt mh cg h~gcxglaüo; hc ejmhcj LARR &\}xnnchdhge q
\`aonahcm# 7169! wxh ma|}aoixh ho}th h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j# mh ho}tgmg# mh rtjlh|j q mh rtjmxl}j# ho
nxolaüo mhc lalcj mhc rtjitgeg q mh cg| mhla|ajoh| g cg| wxh rth}homh mgt th|rxh|}g/
H|}j| ejmhcj| grjt}go manhtho}h| rht|rhl}a~g| rgtg glhtlgt|h gc rtjitgeg g h~gcxgt/ Ljej
mhlågej| go}h|# cg hchllaüo ho}th hccj| mhrhomh mhc jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo# |ahomj
gmheç| jrlajoh| ex}xgeho}h oj hvlcxqho}h|# mh njteg wxh ho cg egqjt rgt}h mh cj| lg|j| |h
}jego hcheho}j| mh manhtho}h| ejmhcj|# |aherth ljo cg rthlgxlaüo &nxomgeho}gc! mh ma|h÷gt xo
rcgo mh h~gcxglaüo ljfhtho}h/ Ho }jmj| cj| lg|j|# rjmhej| |hixat xo ea|ej h|wxheg mh
rthixo}g| lcg~h rgtg ma|h÷gt cg h~gcxglaüo# wxh rth|ho}gthej| eç| gmhcgo}h/
Hc rtaeht hcheho}j icjdgc g rcgo}hgt h| |jdth wxá |h lho}tg cg h~gcxglaüo/ Lxgomj rho|gej| ho
h~gcxgt hc rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc mhc lho}tj# mhc gxcg# mhc mhrgt}geho}j# ºho wxá
rho|gej|: Ho ~gcjtgt |a hc rtjitgeg nxolajog# |a h| gmhlxgmj… ho ~gcjtgt cg lgcamgm mhc
rtjitgeg/ Hc ljolhr}j mh lgcamgm h| thcg}a~j q exc}amaeho|ajogc/ H| thcg}a~j rjtwxh ho lgmg
ljo}hv}j q rgtg lgmg hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ~g g }hoht ljooj}glajoh| manhtho}h|0 q h| exc}amaeho|ajogc
rjtwxh ho lxgcwxaht lg|j ao}hitgtç ma|}ao}j| hcheho}j| ao}htmhrhomaho}h|/ Cch~gmg gc hv}thej# h|}g
thnchvaüo fgtåg ao~agdch lxgcwxaht ao}ho}j mh h~gcxgt xo rtjitgeg# mgmj wxh hc thcg}a~a|ej goxcgtåg
}jmg rj|adch ljolcx|aüo mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Oj |h }tg}g mh h|j# rhtj |å h| aerjt}go}h |ht ljo|laho}hmh wxh cg| rhtnhl}a~g| |jdth –wxá wxahth mhlat wxh hc rtjitgeg |hg mh lgcamgm ― rxhmho |ht
eûc}arch|# q h| ohlh|gtaj hvrcalgtcg| go}h| mh aoalagt hc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/
Cg h~gcxglaüo mhdh gljerg÷gt }jmj hc lalcj mhc rtjitgeg hmxlg}a~j/ Lxgomj xo hwxarj hmxlg}a~j
mhlamh aercgo}gt xo rtjitgeg h|rhlånalj mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x lho}tj# j th~a|gt cg
rtjitgeglaüo lxttalxcgt mh xo mhrgt}geho}j# rgtg gdjtmgtcg hvrcåla}geho}h mh|mh xog
rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc# fg fgdamj rth~ageho}h xog h~gcxglaüo mhc ljo}hv}j# mh cg| ohlh|amgmh|
mhc lho}tj# mh cj| q cg| h|}xmago}h|# mhc dgttaj mjomh |h xdalg hc lho}tj# j mh cg thgcamgm |jlagc ho
ihohtgc# wxh fg cch~gmj g cg ljolcx|aüo mh wxh xog aoalag}a~g g|å h| ohlh|gtag/ H|g h~gcxglaüo fgdtç
|amj eç| j ehoj| njtegca{gmg# rhtj fg hva|}amj/ Njtegca{gt h|g h~gcxglaüo gqxmgtç gc hwxarjhmxlg}a~j g amho}analgt cj| hcheho}j| lcg~h |jdth cj| wxh ljo|}txqho |x mhla|aüo# q g gmhlxgt hc
rtjitgeg wxh ma|h÷go g h|j| hcheho}j| lcg~h/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj# cg h~gcxglaüo gljerg÷g gc
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 230/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 449/ / / / / / / / /
rtjitgeg ho }jmj |x mh|gttjccj# gqxmgomj g cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh|/ Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g#
th}jegej| hc Ejmhcj LARR &Ljo}hv}j# Ho}tgmg# Rtjlh|j# Rtjmxl}j! rgtg fglht h|h thljttamj
|a|}heç}alj &\}xnnchdhge q \`aonahcm# 7169! &~ht Lxgmtj 7!/
Hc rcgo}hgeaho}j mhkg ho}homht wxh lgmg xog mh h|}g| h~gcxglajoh| mhdh |ht thgca{gmg ho hc
ejeho}j aomalgmj th|rhl}j gc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg &cg h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j go}h| mh ma|h÷gt
hc rtjitgeg# cg mh ho}tgmg go}h| mh aercgo}gtcj# rgtg rjmht ao}tjmxlat cg| ehkjtg| wxh |h mh}hl}ho
ljej ohlh|gtag|…!/ Oj jd|}go}h# |a oj nxhtg g|å q cg h~gcxglaüo |h rcgo}hg gc naogc mhc rtjitgeg
&ljej |xlhmh ho mheg|agmg| jlg|ajoh|!# }gedaáo h| aerjt}go}h ma|}aoixat ho}th cg| rht|rhl}a~g|
wxh grjt}go h|}g| h~gcxglajoh|# q th~a|gt cj| lta}htaj| wxh |h ljo|amhtho rht}aoho}h| th|rhl}j g
lgmg xog mh hccg|; rjmhej| }hoht xo rtjitgeg exq hnalg{# rjtwxh ljo|aixh }jmj| cj| jdkh}a~j|
rth~a|}j|# rhtj wxh oj |hg rht}aoho}h# rjtwxh ho thgcamgm oj th|rjomh g xog ohlh|amgm thgc mhc
ljo}hv}j mjomh |h mh|gttjccg &ljej rxhmh |xlhmht ljo aoalag}a~g| ga|cgmg| mh lgtçl}ht
ao}htlxc}xtgc# ljej cg| |hegog| lxc}xtgch| lxgomj oj |h thcglajogo ljo j}tj| hcheho}j| mhc lho}tjq mhc lxttålxcxe!/
Lxgmtj 7
Hc Ejmhcj LARR mh \}xnnchdhge q \`aonahcm/
H~gcxglajoh| q mhla|ajoh| ~aolxcgmg| ljo hc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg/
]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜOMHLA\AÜO WXH
AONJTEGMH\GTTJCCJ
MHC RTJITGEG
]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO ]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO ]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO
Ma|h÷j mhc rtjitgegH~gcxglaüo mh Ljo}hv}jOhlh|amgm mhc
rtjitgeg/ºwxá }arj mh rtjitgeg:
RtjitgeglaüoH~gcxglaüo mh Ho}tgmgGmhlxglaüo mhc
Rtjitgeg
Aercheho}glaüomhc Rtjitgeg
H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjlh|jHkhlxlaüo# ejmanalglaüo#
gmgr}glaüomhc rtjitgeg
Naogca{glaüomhc Rtjitgeg
H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjmxl}j
Th~a|aüo mhc rtjitgeg &ehkjtg!/
Ego}hoaeaho}j j oj mhc Rtjitgeg/Glthma}glaüo mhc Rtjitgeg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 231/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/446/ / / / / / / / /
Ho lgmg xog mh h|}g| h~gcxglajoh|# ~aolxcgmg| ljo cg| ma|}ao}g| ng|h| mhc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg
ao}htlxc}xtgc# h| ohlh|gtaj amho}analgt cj| lta}htaj| mh|mh cj| wxh |h ~g g fglht cg h~gcxglaüo/ ºHo
nxolaüo mh wxá |h ~g g mhlamat wxh mh}hteaogmj rtjitgeg h| xog h|}tg}hiag gmhlxgmg rgtg
gdjtmgt cg |a}xglaüo mh ljoncal}j ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh |h h|}ç ~a~ahomj ho hc lho}tj: ºWxá lta}htaj| |hgmjr}go rgtg mhlamat wxh hc ma|h÷j hchiamj rgtg hc rtjitgeg h| hc gmhlxgmj: ºHo nxolaüo mh wxá
|h thgca{g hc |hixaeaho}j mhc rtjitgeg: ºWxá lta}htaj| x}aca{gej| rgtg mhlamat wxh cg h|}tg}hiag
x}aca{gmg fg nxolajogmj gmhlxgmgeho}h:
Mhc ea|ej ejmj wxh cg amho}analglaüo mh cj| jdkh}a~j| h| hc ejeho}j lcg~h mhc ma|h÷j mhc
rtjitgeg# ho cg |hchllaüo mh lta}htaj| hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j h|}ç hvrcala}gomj wxá ljo|amhtg
gmhlxgmj# ho nxolaüo mh wxá |h matç wxh hc rtjitgeg fg nxolajogmj gmhlxgmgeho}h/ Cg
amho}analglaüo q mh|ltarlaüo mh cj| lta}htaj| h| xog }gthg nxomgeho}gc mhc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j wxh ~g g
fglht cg h~gcxglaüo/ Hc oa~hc mh rgt}alarglaüo wxh |h jnth{lg ho h|}g ng|h h| ho |å ea|ej xog njteg
mh mhnaoat cg lgcamgm mhc rtjitgeg; rxhmh |ht hc hwxarj mathl}a~j mhc lho}tj wxaho h|}gdch{lg cj|lta}htaj| &q h| rhtnhl}geho}h chiå}aej! j |h rxhmh h|}gdchlht xog maoçealg eç| rgt}alarg}a~g ho cg
wxh |h má cg ~j{ g cj| manhtho}h| ljchl}a~j| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g rgtg aomalgt wxá lta}htaj| |h
ljo|amhtgo thch~go}h| &q ho h|}h lg|j cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo rj}holag hcheho}j| lcg~h mh cj wxh
rtjdgdcheho}h |h h|}ç }tgdgkgomj ho hc rtjraj rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc!/
Oj hva|}h xo ca|}gmj hvfgx|}a~j mh lta}htaj|# rhtj jnthlhej| g ljo}aoxglaüo xog |htah mh lta}htaj|
wxh rxhmgo |ht~at mh thnhtholag/ Lgmg hwxarj hmxlg}a~j wxh herthomg xog h~gcxglaüo mhdhtç
hchiat cj| |xqj|# q mhnaoatcj| |hiûo |x| rtajtamgmh|# q hc rtjitgeg j |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g wxh ~gqg g
h~gcxgt/ \at~g cg |aixaho}h }gdcg |ücj ljej hkhercj=7# q cg| mhnaoalajoh| grjt}gmg| ljej
|xihtholag| wxh mhdhtço ohlh|gtageho}h gmgr}gt|h &ego}hoahomj cj| hcheho}j| h|holagch|! g cg
thgcamgm g h~gcxgt/
Lxgmtj 4
Lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|
H~gcxglaüo mh Ljo}hv}j
Oj fgq lta}htaj| thcg}a~j| gc rtjitgeg/ \h }tg}g mh fglht hc goçca|a| mh ohlh|amgmh| g rgt}at mh cg thgcamgm ljolth}g/
H|}h goçca|a| h| nxomgeho}gc ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# amho}analgomj ohlh|amgmh| mhc itxrj lcg|h# mhc
lho}tj q mh cg |jlahmgm# mh cj| gcxeoj| ho lxgo}j nx}xtj| laxmgmgoj|0 ohlh|amgmh| ~aolxcgmg| mathl}geho}h ljo cgthgcamgm exc}alxc}xtgc mhc lho}tj# j ljo j}tj }arj mh mh|aixgcmgmh|/
H~gcxglaüo mh ho}tgmg
Rht}aoholag=4
\xnalaholag
Lgcamgm }áloalg mhc rtjitg%
Hva|}h xog ohlh|amgm thgc ho hc ljo}hv}j# wxh thwxahth mh xo rtjitgeg ljej h|}h j
mh xog ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g ljej h|}g/
Hc rtjitgeg h| xog th|rxh|}g rj}holagceho}h gmhlxgmg g cg ohlh|amgm mh}hl}gmg/
Hc rtjitgeg# }gc q ljej h|}ç ma|h÷gmj# h| rj}holagceho}h lgrg{ mh ljo|hixat cj|
jdkh}a~j| wxh rth}homh &aolcxqh cj| grjqj|# ehmaj| q thlxt|j| rgtg ljo|hixat cj| jd%
kh}a~j|# ho rgt}alxcgt |jdth cg njteglaüo# aercalglaüo q ljertjea|j mh cj| giho}h| q
mheç| aercalgmj|!/
Hc rtjitgeg h| ljfhtho}h ljo cg| dg|h| }hütalg| q rhmgiüialg|/Hc rtjitgeg }ahoh ljoitxholag ao}htog ho}th |x| ljerjoho}h|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 232/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 441/ / / / / / / / /
H~gcxglaüo mh rtjlh|j/
H~gcxglaüo mh rtjmxl}j
eg
^agdacamgm mhc rtjitgeg
Lxercaeaho}j/
Nchvadacamgm=<
Gmhlxglaüo mh cj| manhtho}h|
ljerjoho}h|/
Hnalglag rgtlagc
\g}a|ngllaüo rgtlagc mh cj|
aercalgmj|
Hnalglag
Hnalaholag
Hnhl}a~amgm==
\g}a|ngllaüo
Aergl}j
Nxolajogcamgm
Hc ma|h÷j rth~a|}j rgtg hc rtjitgeg h| thgca|}g q gmhlxgmj rgtg cg |a}xglaüo mjomh |h
mh|gttjccgtç/
Hc rtjitgeg |h mh|gttjccg |hiûo cj rth~a|}j# oj fgq mh|ng|h| oa mh|gkx|}h|/Hc rtjitgeg h| lgrg{ mh gmhlxgt|h g cg| |a}xglajoh| wxh |h ~go rth|ho}gomj# ego%
}hoahomj cj| jdkh}a~j| naogch|# rhtj gmhlxgomj cg| h|}tg}hiag|/
Cj| manhtho}h| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg ljo}tadxqho g |x mh|gttjccj gmhlxgmj q g
cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh cj| jdkh}a~j| &hc }tgdgkj mh|gttjccgmj rjt cj| hmxlgmjth|# cg ao%
ntgh|}txl}xtg# cg eh}jmjcjiåg…!/ Rxhmh ao}hitgt j oj cg ~gcjtglaüo mhc rgrhc mh cj|
hmxlgmjth| ho hc rtjitgeg/
Cj| jdkh}a~j| rth~a|}j| |h ~go ljo|aixahomj/
Cj| aercalgmj| &rtjnh|jth|*g|# gcxeoj|*g|# ljjtmaogmjth|# giho}h| hv}htoj|# hwxarj
mathl}a~j…! h|}ço |g}a|nhlfj| ljo hc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjqhl}j/
Itgmj mh cjitj mh cj| jdkh}a~j| rtjrxh|}j| &grthoma{gkh|# lgedaj mh gl}a}xmh|# rgt%
}alarglaüo!/
Th|xc}gmj| ho thcglaüo ljo cj| ehmaj| ma|rjoadch| q cg| latlxo|}golag| ho wxh hc rtj%
itgeg |h grcalg/
Hnhl}j| dhohnalaj|j| oj rth~a|}j|/
\g}a|ngllaüo mh mh|}aog}gtaj|# giho}h| q j}tj rht|jogc ao}hth|gmj j gnhl}gmj/
Hnhl}j| mhc rtjitgeg ho hc ljo}hv}j# eç| gccç mh cj| jdkh}a~j| ao}htoj| rth}homamj|/
Itgmj ho wxh hc rtjitgeg fg |g}a|nhlfj cg| ohlh|amgmh| wxh cj kx|}analgtjo/
=7 H| ao}hth|go}h g h|}h th|rhl}j cg manhtholaglaüo ho}th lta}htaj| }áloalj|# rjcå}alj| q mhejltç}alj|
wxh rth|ho}g Mh Eaixhc# E/ &4222!/ ]gedaáo h| h|rhlagceho}h ao}hth|go}h cg th~a|aüo mh
\gegtahij# E/ ho H||jedg &4229! thnhtamg g hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/=4 Cg rht}aoholag |jlagc h| xo lta}htaj mh lgcamgm thljiamj ho cg Ljonhtholag Exomagc |jdth
Hmxlglaüo \xrhtajt &Rgtå|# jl}xdth mh 7116! ho hc mjlxeho}j Cg Hmxlglaüo \xrhtajt ho hc \aicj VVA/ ^a|aüo q Gllaüo &rçi/ 48!/ Gccå |h rxhmh chht; Cg lgcamgm h| ao|hrgtgdch mh cg rht}aoholag
|jlagc°# mh|gttjccçomj|h h|}g amhg ljej xog dû|wxhmg mh |jcxlajoh| g cg| ohlh|amgmh| q
rtjdcheg| mh cg |jlahmgm q eç| h|rhlagceho}h g cj| thcglajogmj| ljo cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog
lxc}xtg mh rg{ q xo mh|gttjccj |j|}hoadch° &Ráth{ Kx|}h# 4222; 49>!=< H|}j| mj| lta}htaj|# lxercaeaho}j q nchvadacamgm # |jo jrxh|}j|/ \h rxhmho ljo|amhtgt gedj|
ljej thch~go}h|# lxgomj hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ljo|amhth wxh xo rtjitgeg mh lgcamgm |htç gwxác
wxh ego}hoig xo hwxacadtj ho}th hccj|/ J |h rxhmh hchiat |ücj xoj mh hccj|# lxgomj hc hwxarj
hmxlg}a~j mhlamg rtajta{gt xoj x j}tj/== Oj fgq ljo|ho|j th|rhl}j g cg mhnaoalaüo mhc lta}htaj mh hnhl}a~amgm/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# xog
rht|rhl}a~g ao}hth|go}h ho cg h~gcxglaüo mh lxgcwxaht rtjitgeg j aoalag}a~g hmxlg}a~g h| hcgoçca|a| mh cj| hnhl}j| dhohnalaj|j| oj rth~a|}j| wxh |h fgo ljo|hixamj ~aolxcgmj| ljo hc rtj%
itgeg/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 233/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<2/ / / / / / / / /
Rth|ho}gmg h|}g rgojtçealg ihohtgc |jdth cj| lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo# ho}tgej| g gdjtmgt lgmg
xoj mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j# rth|ho}gmj ho hc Lxgmtj < &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q
Rhtgch|# 4224;<6!/ Rgtg th~a|gtcj| ~gej| g |ht~atoj| mh mj| hkhercj|;
Hkhercj 7/ Hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhc lho}tj mh rtaegtag Hc Dj|wxh fg ljo|}g}gmj xo aoltheho}j mh
cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| aoeaitgo}h|# ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg ao|}gcglaüo ho hc rxhdcj mh oxh~g| ngeacag|/
Fg|}g gfjtg# cg| oa÷g| q oa÷j| aoeaitgo}h| |h fgdågo ao}hitgmj daho ho hc lho}tj# rhtj ljo cg lta|a|
hljoüealg fgq ngeacag| ljo manalxc}gmh|# q fgo mhlamamj }tgdgkgt |jdth hc }heg mh njteg rth~ho}a~g/
Hc }heg }tgo|~ht|gc rtajta{gmj rgtg hc lxt|j rtüvaej |htç cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# q mh|mh h|g
rht|rhl}a~g |h ~g g ma|h÷gt xo rtjitgeg icjdgc wxh ao}hitgtç gl}a~amgmh| rxo}xgch| ljo cg th~a|aüo
mhc }heg ho hc lxttålxcxe fgda}xgc/ Fgo mhlamamj ma|h÷gt q mh|gttjccgt cg h~gcxglaüo ho rgtgchcj#
rgtg fglht hc |hixaeaho}j h amho}analgt aonjteglaüo wxh rhtea}g ehkjtgt hc rtjitgeg/Hkhercj 4/ Gc
lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg cchigo }jmj| cj| g÷j| ma~ht|g| ho}amgmh| hv}htog| jnthlahomj rtjitgeg| q
gl}a~amgmh|# ho}th hccg| gcixog| ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}h g÷j hc hwxarjmathl}a~j fg mhlamamj fglht cg h~gcxglaüo mh h|}j| rtjitgeg|# rgtg rjmht }jegt mhla|ajoh| ho
lxt|j| |xlh|a~j| |jdth |x ljo}aoxamgm j oj/
</7%% Jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo/ Wxá |h h~gcûg
Cj| mj| ljerjoho}h| nxomgeho}gch| |jo cj| rtaehtj|; wxá |h h~gcûg q rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg/ Cg|
mhla|ajoh| wxh |h gmjr}ho ho á|}j| ljomalajogtço hc th|}j mh cj| ljerjoho}h|/
Ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhdh mhlamat wxá h| cj wxh ~g g h~gcxgt/ Cg rtaehtg
th|rxh|}g h| h~amho}h; |h ~g g h~gcxgt hc rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Cg th|rxh|}g mhdh
|ht eç| hcgdjtgmg# rgtg rth|ho}gt cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| nxomgeho}gch| mhc rtjitgeg q mhlamat wxá |h
~g g h~gcxgt th|rhl}j gc ea|ej &wxá h~gcxglaüo |h rcgo}hg# |hiûo hc Ejmhcj LARR# q ljo wxá
lta}htaj| mh thnhtholag!/
Ho hc hkhercj 7# mhc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh# cg h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j qg h|}ç fhlfg/ H| hc ejeho}j mh
ma|h÷gt hc rtjitgeg rgtg hc lxt|j rtüvaej# q mh rcgoanalgt cg h~gcxglaüo mh ho}tgmg# rtjlh|j q
rtjmxl}j# mhlamahomj cj| lta}htaj| wxh |htço eç| thch~go}h|/
Ho hc hkhercj 4# mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# hc hwxarj mathl}a~j rxhmh mhlamat lho}tgt|h |ücj ho cg
h~gcxglaüo mh rht}aoholag q mh rtjmxl}j; wxahth |gdht |a thgceho}h cj| rtjitgeg| mh|gttjccgmj|
th|rjomho g ohlh|amgmh| hva|}ho}h| ho |x ljo}hv}j# q |a ljo|aixho cj| jdkh}a~j| rth}homamj|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 234/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<7/ / / / / / / / /
Lxgmtj <
Ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/
Nxho}h; Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; <6/
</4%% Naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg
Nxh \lta~ho &71>9! wxaho h|}gdchlaü cg manhtholaglaüo lcç|alg ho}th h~gcxglajoh| njteg}a~g| q
|xeg}a~g|/ –Cg| rtaehtg| rth}homho amho}analgt wxá hcheho}j| |jo mhnala}gtaj| ho xo rtjitgeg q
lxçch| |jo cj| g|rhl}j| wxh rxhmho maogea{gt|h rgtg |x ehkjtg/ \jo rxh| h~gcxglajoh| lxqg
naogcamgm h| cg ehkjtg mhc rtjitgeg h~gcxgmj/ &…! Cg| |hixomg| |jo h~gcxglajoh| ho cg| wxh |h
rth}homh mh}hteaogt hc oa~hc mh lgcamgm mh xo rtjitgeg rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht xog ~gcjtglaüo ûc}aeg
mhc ea|ej# mhc }arj Daho*Egc h~gcxgmj# h|}gdchlahomj xo |a|}heg mh 33thomalaüo mh lxho}g|?? j
gxma}jtåg mh cg njteglaüo― &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; 8<!/
Rgtg thlgdgt aonjteglaüo wxh rhtea}g ehkjtgt hc rtjitgeg |h ohlh|a}g aonjteglaüo eç| mh}gccgmg#
nthlxho}heho}h ljo cg grjt}glaüo mh manhtho}h| aercalgmj|# wxh jnth{lgo xog ~a|aüo hotawxhlamg
mhc rtjitgeg/ \ao hedgtij# rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht xog ~gcjtglaüo mhc rtjitgeg q }jegt
Ljerjoho}hJdkh}j mh cg h~gcxglaüo
Naogcamgm mh cg
h~gcxglaüo
Gxmaholag| j
ljchl}a~j|
aercalgmj|
Nxho}h| h
Ao|}txeho}j|
mh Aonjteglaüo
Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg
mh aonjteglaüo
Goçca|a| mh cg
aonjteglaüo
Manx|aüo mh cg
Aonjteglaüo
Lxh|}aüoºWxá |h h~gcûg:
ºRgtg wxá |h h~gcûg:
ºWxaáo jtaho}g j holgtig cg
h~gcxglaüo:
ºWxaáo thgca{g cg h~gcxglaüo:
ºWxá gxmaholag| h|}ço ae%
rcalgmg|:
ºWxá aonjteglaüo |h th%
wxahth:
ºG wxaáo |h ch mhegomg:
ºLüej |h thljih cg aonjt%
eglaüo:
ºLxçomj |h thljih cg aonjt%
eglaüo:
ºLüej |h gogca{g q |ao}h}a{g
cg aonjteglaüo:
ºWxaáo }ahoh mhthlfj mh gl%
lh|j g cg aonjteglaüo:
ºLüej |h hcgdjtgo cj| ao%
njteh| mh h~gcxglaüo:
Naogcamgm*]gthgAmho}analgt cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mhc jdkh}j g h~gcxgt/
Amho}analgt cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo; mh|mh thlgdgt aonjt%
eglaüo rgtg ehkjtgt# fg|}g |x|}ho}gt cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh|
ho rtjlh|j| mh thomalaüo mh lxho}g|/
Amho}analgt hc itgmj q }arj mh th|rjo|gdacamgm rjcå}alg q gm%
eaoa|}tg}a~g mh wxaho holgtig cg h~gcxglaüo/
Amho}analgt wxaáo ~g g |ht hc th|rjo|gdch mh cch~gt g lgdj hc
rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/
Amho}analgt cj| gl}jth| mhc rtjlh|j wxh |h ~g g h~gcxgt rgtg
mhnaoat |x tjc ho hc Rcgo mh H~gcxglaüo/
Amho}analgt lxçc h| cg aonjteglaüo ~htmgmhtgeho}h thch~go}h
rgtg hc rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j/
Amho}analgt wxaáo rxhmh grjt}gt cg aonjteglaüo thch~go}h/
Mhlamat glhtlg mh cg ]áloalg H~gcxg}a~g j Ao|}txeho}j mh Ehmamg
eç| gmhlxgmj rgtg cch~gt g lgdj cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo/
]hoahomj ho lxho}g cj| jdkh}a~j| q naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo#
mhlamat lxçch| |jo cj| ejeho}j| lcg~h ho wxh |h mhdh
thljiht cg aonjteglaüo/
Mhlamat lxçch| |jo cg| }áloalg| mh goçca|a| mh mg}j| eç|
gmhlxgmg|/
Amho}analgt cj| gl}jth| mhc rtjlh|j jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo wxh
}ahoho mhthlfj g aonjteglaüo/
Amho}analgt wxá aonjteh| mhdho thgca{gt|h q gkx|}gt |x njteg}j
mh glxhtmj g cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mh cg Gxmaholag g wxh |h
mataiho/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 235/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<4/ / / / / / / / /
mhla|ajoh|# ljej |x ljo}aoxamgm j oj# |h ohlh|a}g aonjteglaüo mh |åo}h|a|# cj eç| jdkh}a~g rj|adch#
mg}j| wxh mho lthmadacamgm g cg mhla|aüo gmjr}gmg/
\ao hedgtij# oj |jo mj| naogcamgmh| ex}xgeho}h hvlcxqho}h|/ Gc ljo}tgtaj# ho cg egqjt rgt}h mhcg| h~gcxglajoh| |h ljedaogo gedg| naogcamgmh| &ho h~gcxglajoh| ccgegmg| eav}g|!# mh xog njteg
hwxacadtgmg j rtajta{çomj|h xog mh hccg|# |hiûo cj| lg|j|/
Ho cj| hkhercj| wxh egohkgej|# cg h~gcxglaüo wxh thgca{go ho Hc Dj|wxh h| njteg}a~g# eaho}tg|
wxh hc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg thgca{g xog h~gcxglaüo dç|algeho}h |xeg}a~g/
</<%% Gxmaholag| j ljchl}a~j| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo
Xog ~h{ mhnaoamj| cj| mj| ljerjoho}h| nxomgeho}gch| h|}ço rcgo}hgmj| cj| racgth| mhc rcgo mhh~gcxglaüo/ Hc |aixaho}h hcheho}j g mhlamat h| wxaáo h|}gtç aercalgmj ho cg h~gcxglaüo# wxaáoh|
|htço cg| gxmaholag| ljo|amhtgmg|# q ljo wxá tjc/
Hc ljolhr}j mh –aercalgmj|― mhdh |ht cj eç| gercaj rj|adch &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224!/ Ho
}áteaoj| mh Yha|| &716=!# aolcxqh; –}go}j cj| eahedtj| mh cj| itxrj| wxh h|}ço rgcrgdcheho}h
gnhl}gmj| rjt hc rtjitgeg q wxh# rjt }go}j# h|}gtço |xrxh|}geho}h gnhl}gmj| rjt cg| ljolcx|ajoh|
h~gcxg}a~g|# ljej gwxhccj| eahedtj| mh cj| itxrj| wxh }jego mhla|ajoh| ho thcglaüo ljo hc nx}xtj
mhc rtjitgeg# }gch| ljej ljo}aoxgt j oj ljo cg naogolaglaüo# j wxh rxhmho gc}htgt hc rtjitgeg―/
Gercagomj }jmg~åg eç| cg thnhtholag# |h fgdcg mh –|}g`hfjcmht|―# }áteaoj wxh rxhmh mhnaoat|h
ljej – gwxáccj| ljo ao}hth|h| ho hc jdkh}a~j mh cg h~gcxglaüo# h| mhlat cj| |rjo|jt| mhc rtjitgeg#
ih|}jth| h aercheho}gmjth|# eahedtj| mh itxrj| mh h|rhlagc ao}htá|# dhohnalagtaj| mhc rtjitgeg
wxh }ahoho xo h|rglaj mhnaoamj ho |x h~gcxglaüo― &Dgt}jcjeá# 4222;=>9!/
Cg rtaehtg gxmaholag g amho}analgt h| wxaáo holgtig x jtaho}g cg h~gcxglaüo# wxaáo fg mhlamamj wxh
h|}g h~gcxglaüo |h thgca{g# q wxá th|rjo|gdacamgm }áloalg q rjcå}alg }ahoh ho hc ea|ej/ \hiûo h|}j#
rjmhej| fgdcgt mh h~gcxglajoh| ao}htog| j hv}htog|# |hiûo |hgo holgtigmg| rjt gcixaho
aercalgmj j oj ho hc rtjitgeg/
Cg |hixomg gxmaholag lcg~h h| wxaáo ~g g thgca{gt hnhl}a~geho}h cg h~gcxglaüo/ ^jc~hej| gholjo}tgt gwxå cg manhtholaglaüo ho}th h~gcxglajoh| ao}htog| j hv}htog|# |hiûo |hgo mh|gttjccgmg|
rjt rht|jog| aercalgmg| j gkhog| gc rtjitgeg/
Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| thgca{gmg rjt gcixaho hv}htoj gc rtjitgeg grjt}g lthmadacamgm q
jdkh}a~amgm# g|å ljej xog ~a|aüo –mh|mh nxhtg― exq hotawxhlhmjtg rgtg hc rtjitgeg/ Lxgomj cg
h~gcxglaüo |h thgca{g rjt cg rht|jog j hc hwxarj wxh mh|gttjccg hc rtjitgeg grjt}g xo ljojlaeaho}j
ho rtjnxomamgm mhc rtjitgeg q mh cg |a}xglaüo ho wxh |h mh|gttjccg# ljo rgx}g| h|rhlagceho}h
û}ach| rgtg cg ehkjtg mhc ea|ej/
Lgmg h|}tg}hiag }ahoh ~ho}gkg| h aoljo~hoaho}h|/ Cg mhla|aüo g gmjr}gt mhrhomh mhc jdkh}j q cgnaogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| |xeg}a~g# q rth}homh lgcanalgt hc rtjitgeg q
}jegt mhla|ajoh| th|rhl}j g ác &rjt hkhercj# ~aolxcgmg| g |x ljo}aoxamgm!# cg h~gcxglaüo hv}htog
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 236/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<</ / / / / / / / /
grjt}g eç| lthmadacamgm/ Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| njteg}a~g# xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htog rxhmh grjt}gt
aonjteglaüo eç| |aioanalg}a~g rgtg cg ehkjtg/
Fgq j}tg| mj| gxmaholag| ljo tjch| manhtholagmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo;
%% Cg| nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo; ~gtag| mh cg| gxmaholag| aercalgmg| ho hc rtjitgeg &hwxarj
hmxlg}a~j# gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rht|jogc oj mjlho}h# ho}amgmh| hv}htog|# ngeacag|…!
rxhmho grjt}gt aonjteglaüo exq |aioanalg}a~g |jdth hc rtjitgeg h ao}hth|go}h rgtg cg
h~gcxglaüo/ \jo nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo# mh cg| wxh fgdcgthej| eç| }gtmh/
%% Mh|}aog}gtaj| mh cg aonjteglaüo h~gcxg}a~g/ Rgtgchcgeho}h# fgq gxmaholag| g cg| wxh |h
thea}atç hc aonjteh mh h~gcxglaüo/ Ho lgmg lg|j |h mhlamatç wxaáoh| |jo# rhtj |aherth
fgq |}g`hfjcmht| aonjtegmj| mh cj| th|xc}gmj| mh cg h~gcxglaüo/
Icjdgceho}h# ho cg ljonaixtglaüo mh cj| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo fgq mj| rht|rhl}a~g|/ Ho xoj|lg|j|# |jo h~gcxglajoh| ljjtmaogmg| rjt xog rht|jog j xo hwxarj thmxlamj &ao}htoj j hv}htoj g cg
ho}amgm!# wxh mhlamh ho wxá |h ~g g lho}tgt &mhlamh cj| lta}htaj|!# wxá aonjteglaüo ohlh|a}g rgtg
hccj# q g wxaáo |h cg ~g g rhmat/ Cj| mheç| ljchl}a~j| |h aercalgo ljej nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo# j oa
|awxahtg |jo ljo|amhtgmj|/ Ho j}tj| lg|j|# |h ljonaixtg xo ljea}á mh h~gcxglaüo# cj eç| gercaj
rj|adch# ljo thrth|ho}glaüo mh cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| mh |}g`hfjcmht|/ Cg| mhla|ajoh| |jdth wxá |h
~g g h~gcxgt# ljo wxá lta}htaj|# wxá aonjteglaüo |h thwxahth rgtg hccj# g wxaáo |h ch ~g g rhmat… |h
gmjr}go ho hc |hoj mh h|}j| ljea}á|# mh njteg wxh lgmg ljchl}a~j rxhmh oj |ücj jraogt th|rhl}j
gc rtjitgeg# |aoj mhlamat th|rhl}j g wxá wxahth jraogt q rjt wxá/
Oxh~geho}h# ~g g |ht hc jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo cj| wxh ~go g egtlgt cg h|}tg}hiag
gmhlxgmg/ Rhtj h| h~amho}h wxh xog h|}tg}hiag rgt}alarg}a~g ho cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo ljo}tadxatç gc
mh|gttjccj mh cg| gl}a}xmh| mh rgt}alarglaüo# aercalglaüo# }jchtgolag# ~gcjtglaüo mh cg manhtholag# wxh
|h wxahtho mh|gttjccgt ho cj| rtjitgeg| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh h|}g njteg# ljej mhlågej|
go}htajteho}h# cg h~gcxglaüo h| nxho}h mh ehkjtg# oj |ücj rjt cg| ljolcx|ajoh| q thljehomglajoh|
wxh grjt}g# |aoj }gedaáo rjt hc lgtçl}ht njteg}a~j mhc rtjraj rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j/ Mh h|}g njteg#
mhlamat |jdth wxá rht|rhl}a~g |h ~g g gdjtmgt |jdth hc rtjitgeg# q lxçch| |htço cj| lta}htaj| wxh |h
x}aca{gtço rgtg fglhtcj# |xrjoh ljo|ho|xgt ho hc ljea}á mh h~gcxglaüo wxá |h ho}ahomh rjt xo
rtjitgeg mh lgcamgm# rjt xo dxho rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mh|mh ma|}ao}j| honjwxh|#
}go}j rjcå}alj|# ljej rhmgiüialj|/
Xo hcheho}j gmalajogc g ljo|amhtgt |jo cj| lj|}h|/ Xog h~gcxglaüo hv}htog }ahoh xo lj|}h h~amho}h
&hc lj|}h mh cg herth|g h~gcxgmjtg!/ Rhtj xog h~gcxglaüo ao}htog }ahoh hc lj|}h ehoj| h~amho}h mhc
h|nxht{j q hc }aherj mhmalgmj g hccg# q á|}h |h aoltheho}g lxgo}j eç| rgt}alarg}a~g h| cg
h~gcxglaüo/ H|}h hcheho}j mhdh |ht ljo|amhtgmj go}h| mh }jegt mhla|ajoh| |jdth h|}g lxh|}aüo#
rxh| oj h| mh|mh÷gdch hc }aherj wxh |h herchgtç rgtg cg h~gcxglaüo# q |a |h wxahth grj|}gt rjt xo
ma|h÷j rgt}alarg}a~j }gedaáo cj| aercalgmj| mhdho rgt}alargt ho cg mhla|aüo mh aercalgt|h/ Cg|
~ho}gkg| |jo h~amho}h|# rhtj cj| ljomalajogo}h| mhdho |ht }gedaáo gogca{gmj|/ Cg nxolaüo mh cg
ljjtmaoglaüo# ho h|}j| lg|j|# gmwxahth xo rgrhc nxomgeho}gc# }go}j rjt cg maogea{glaüo mh
nxolajoh| ljej rjt cg g}holaüo g cg hnalaholag mh cj| rtjlh|j|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 237/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<=/ / / / / / / / /
\a th}jegej| cj| hkhercj| go}htajth|# cg h~gcxglaüo thgca{gmg ho hc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh h| ao}htog%
ao}htog# eaho}tg| wxh cg h~gcxglaüo mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg fg |amj mhlamamg mh|mh mho}tj mhc
lho}tj# rhtj rjmtåg |ht thgca{gmg }go}j mh njteg ao}htog ljej hv}htog/
</=%% Nxho}h| h ao|}txeho}j| mh aonjteglaüo
Cg aonjteglaüo g thljiht h| hc hcheho}j oxlchgt mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Cg mhla|aüo |h mhta~g mhc jdkh}j q
cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo# mh cj| lta}htaj| h|}gdchlamj| go}htajteho}h# rhtj h| ho h|}h ejeho}j
lxgomj |h }jego cg| mhla|ajoh| jrhtg}a~g| mh cg h~gcxglaüo/
Cg rthixo}g h|; ºwxá aonjteglaüo ohlh|a}j rgtg rjmht th|rjomht g cj| lta}htaj| mh lgcamgm
h|}gdchlamj| go}htajteho}h: Rgtg ~gcjtgt# rjt hkhercj# cg rht}aoholag mhc rtjitgeg icjdgc mh
hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh fg ma|h÷gmj hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mh Hc Dj|wxh# ºwxá aonjteglaüo |hthwxahth:# ºho wxá |h ljolth}g ~gcjtgt –|a hc rtjitgeg th|rjomh g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mhc ljo}hv}j―:#
ºwxaáo mhdh mgt h|}g aonjteglaüo:# ºlüej:
Cg rtaehtg thnchvaüo g fglht h| wxh cg aonjteglaüo mhdh |ht thch~go}h q rht}aoho}h0 h| mhlat# mhdh
thgceho}h mgt th|rxh|}g g cg| rthixo}g| rcgo}hgmg|# mhdh |ht~at rgtg ~gcjtgt cj| lta}htaj|
|hchllajogmj|/ Gmheç|# cg aonjteglaüo mhdh |ht gmhlxgmg# h| mhlat# mhdh |ht nagdch q ~çcamg
&rjtwxh cj |jo cj| ao|}txeho}j|=8 q cg| nxho}h|! q thljihtcg mhdh |ht ~agdch &ho mheg|agmg|
jlg|ajoh| |h ma|h÷go h~gcxglajoh| mheg|agmj eaoxlaj|g|# wxh grjt}go aonjteglaüo wxh
naogceho}h oj h| gogca{gmg!/
Xog ~h{ ca|}gmg cg aonjteglaüo g thljiht# hc hwxarj mh h~gcxglaüo mhdh mhlamat g wxaáo |h cg ~g g
rhmat &nxho}h|! q lüej &ao|}txeho}j|!/ Ho cg egqjt rgt}h mh cj| lg|j|# fgq ~gtag| jrlajoh|/ Rjt
hkhercj# th|rhl}j g cg gmhlxglaüo mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg rjmtågo aonjtegt cj|
egh|}tj|*g|# hc hwxarj mathl}a~j# q cj| gcxeoj|*g|# gc ehoj|# q rjmtågo fglhtcj ehmago}h xo
lxh|}ajogtaj j ehmago}h xog }áloalg eç| lxgca}g}a~g ljej xo itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo j xog g|gedchg/
ºHo nxolaüo mh wxá hchiat:
Ho rtaolaraj# |h rxhmh hchiat cg nxho}h eç| gmhlxgmg &ho nxolaüo mh |x ljojlaeaho}j mh cg
aonjteglaüo wxh grjt}g# ho h|}h lg|j rjmtågej| hchiat g cj| egh|}tj| q egh|}tg| aercalgmj|! q hcao|}txeho}j eç| gmhlxgmj &|hiûo cg aonjteglaüo ljolth}g mh wxh |h }tg}h q hc oûehtj mh
egh|}tj|*g| aercalgmj|# rjmtåg |ht rjt lxh|}ajogtaj j rjt itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo!/
Lxgomj cj| thlxt|j| cj rhtea}ho# h| ao}hth|go}h jr}gt rjt cg }tagoixcglaüo/ Cg }tagoixcglaüo h| hc
x|j ljedaogmj mh nxho}h| j ao|}txeho}j| manhtho}h| rgtg jd}hoht cg ea|eg aonjteglaüo# ljo cg
ao}holaüo mh jd}hoht xog ~a|aüo eç| talg q rtjnxomg mhc nhoüehoj ho lxh|}aüo/
=8 Xo ao|}txeho}j h| ~çcamj lxgomj –eamh cj wxh rth}homh ehmat― q h| nagdch lxgomj –h|
ljo|a|}ho}h q h|}gdch ho cg| ehmalajoh| wxh grjt}g―/ Rgtgchcgeho}h# xog nxho}h h| ~çcamglxgomj grjt}g cg aonjteglaüo wxh malh grjt}gt &q oj j}tg lj|g! q h| nagdch lxgomj cg aonjteglaüo
wxh mg h| ljo|a|}ho}h q h|}gdch/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 238/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<8/ / / / / / / / /
%% Fgdcgtågej| mh }tagoixcglaüo mh nxho}h| |a rgtg thljiht aonjteglaüo th|rhl}j g cg
gmhlxglaüo mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg rthixo}gej| gc hwxarj mathl}a~j# g cj|
egh|}tj| q egh|}tg|# q g cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/
%% Fgdcgtågej| mh }tagoixcglaüo mh ao|}txeho}j| |a rgtg thljiht h|}g aonjteglaüox}aca{gej| mj| ao|}txeho}j|# ljej hc lxh|}ajogtaj q hc itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo g egh|}tj| q
egh|}tg|# |hiûo |h÷gcçdgej| go}h|/
Ho h|}j| lg|j|# hc ma|h÷j mh cj| ao|}txeho}j| mhdh thnchkgt h|}g ao}holaüo mh }tagoixcgt# mh njteg
wxh cg| lxh|}ajoh| rcgo}hgmg|# ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |hg gmhlxgmj# |h njtexcho g cg| manhtho}h|
nxho}h| j ho cj| ma|}ao}j| ao|}txeho}j|# ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh ltx{gt cj| mg}j| ho cg ng|h mh goçca|a|/
Ho lxgo}j gc }arj mh ao|}txeho}j|# ho cg h~gcxglaüo |h x}aca{go mh|mh ho}th~a|}g|#
jd|ht~glaüo q gx}jaonjteh|# fg|}g }h|}|# lxh|}ajogtaj| q thkaccg| mh jd|ht~glaüo/ Gogca{gtcj| hvlhmh
ljo exlfj cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh h|}h lgrå}xcj# rhtj cg ma|qxo}a~g wxh |h rcgo}hg gc hwxarj h~gcxgmjth| |aherth cg ea|eg; j daho thljiht rjlg aonjteglaüo mh exlfj| aonjtego}h| &rjt hkhercj# rg|gt
xo lxh|}ajogtaj g cj| <22 gcxeoj| mhc lho}tj!# j daho thljiht exlfg aonjteglaüo mh xoj| rjlj|
aonjtego}h| &rjt hkhercj# jtigoa{gt xo itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo ljo cj| mhchigmj| q mhchigmg| mh
lcg|h!/ Ho exlfj| lg|j|# cg mhla|aüo mhrhomh mh cg lgo}amgm mh aonjtego}h| g cj| wxh |h wxahtg
cchigt/ Gmheç|# |jo aerjt}go}h| j}tj| lta}htaj| &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; 6>!;
%% Gmhlxglaüo gc }arj mh aonjteglaüo g thljiht
%% Lta}htaj| }áloalj%eh}jmjcüialj| &nagdacamgm q ~gcamh{!# q
%% Jrjt}xoamgm; cg cjiå|}alg mh cg h~gcxglaüo &~agdacamgm# thcglajogdacamgm# gmgr}glaüo g cj|
ljchl}a~j|…!/
Xo hcheho}j ao}hth|go}h g rcgo}hgt ho h|}h ejeho}j h| hc rgrhc mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ho h|}h
rtjlh|j/ Ho |x tjc }tgmalajogc mh gcxeoj|# |h rxhmh rho|gt ho x}aca{gt xog h|lgcg mh gl}a}xmh|# j
xog rtxhdg mh thomaeaho}j &mh xo }arj |aeacgt gc wxh |h x}acalh fgda}xgceho}h ho hc gxcg! rgtg
ljertjdgt |a |h fgo ljo|hixamj cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc rtjitgeg/ Qhomj eç| gccç# |h rxhmho ao}hitgt
}áloalg| mh gx}jh~gcxglaüo j mh h~gcxglaüo rjt aixgch| rgtg thljiht h|}g ea|eg aonjteglaüo# mh
njteg ljercheho}gtag &}tagoixcgomj!/ ]go}j cg gx}jtthnchvaüo# ljej cg h~gcxglaüo rjt aixgch| q cg
h~gcxglaüo ho itxrj rhtea}ho gmheç| cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mh|mh |x ~a|aüo |jdth hc
mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg# mh cg aoncxholag wxh h|}ç }hoahomj ho |x egohtg mh ~ht cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm#cg| manhtholag| q cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|# h aolcx|j mh cg lgrglamgm mhc rtjitgeg rgtg th|rjomht g |x|
aowxah}xmh| |jdth hc }heg/
Rgtgchcgeho}h rjmhej| gogca{gt hc tjc mh cj| rtjnh|jth| q rtjnh|jtg| ho cg h~gcxglaüo#
aoma~amxgceho}h# ljej ljchl}a~j# q ho cj| hwxarj| mh mathllaüo/ Cg h~gcxglaüo rxhmh ljo~ht}at|h
g|å ho xo rtjlh|j mh th~a|aüo mh cg rtjrag rtçl}alg# mh|mh cg cüialg mhc rtjnh|ajogc thnchva~j mh
\fþo# gogca{gomj aoma~amxgceho}h q ho itxrj &|hiûo |h mhlamg! cj| ma|}ao}j| hcheho}j| aercalgmj|
ho hc rtjitgeg# lxh|}ajogomj aolcx|j hc ma|h÷j mhc rtjitgeg# |x rht}aoholag# cg thch~golag mh cj|
jdkh}a~j| wxh rcgo}hg… lxh|}ajoh| á|}g| nthlxho}heho}h jd~agmg| lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo |h lho}tg
ho lta}htaj| mh hnalglag q hnalaholag/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 239/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<>/ / / / / / / / /
\a |jo cj| mjlho}h| wxahoh| camhtgo q mh|gttjccgo cg h~gcxglaüo# ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo mh j}tg| gxmaholag|#
}ahoho xog jrjt}xoamgm rta~achiagmg rgtg gogca{gt |x th|rjo|gdacamgm q |x rj}holagc mh lgedaj/ Hccj|
mhlamho wxá |xlhmh ho |x gxcg# lüej ch mgo rtajtamgm j oj g lxh|}ajoh| ljej cg ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt wxá cj
fglho# lüej |h ljjtmaogo h|g| mhla|ajoh| ljo cg| mh j}tj| ljerg÷htj| q ljerg÷htg|… q h|j |h}tgmxlh ho cg ~a|aüo mhc exomj wxh |h ljo|}txqh ho cg| gxcg|# q wxh |gcmtç mh hccg|/ Cg h~gcxglaüo h|# ho
thgcamgm# xog jrjt}xoamgm rgtg gogca{gt |a|}heç}algeho}h }jmj h|}j/
</8%% Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo
Ho nxolaüo mh cg| mhla|ajoh| go}htajth|# |h rth~á lxçomj |h thljihtç cg aonjteglaüo h~gcxg}a~g;
go}h|# mxtgo}h j mh|rxá| mhc rtjitgeg/ G|å# rjt hkhercj# cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjlh|j rxhmh thwxhtat
thljiht# ho hc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# cg ~gcjtglaüo mhc egh|}tj j egh|}tg th|rjo|gdch mh itxrj
th|rhl}j g lgmg xog mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| hv}htog| mh|gttjccgmg| ho hc lho}tj# mho}tj mh cg |hegog|aixaho}h g |x thgca{glaüo/
</>%% Goçca|a| q |åo}h|a| mh cg aonjteglaüo
Ho nxolaüo mh wxh |h fgqgo thljiamj cj| <22 lxh|}ajogtaj| mh gcxeoj| j cg| }tgo|ltarlajoh| mhc
itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo ljo cj| mhchigmj| q mhchigmg| mh lxt|j# |htç ohlh|gtaj gogca{gt q |ao}h}a{gt
h|g aonjteglaüo mh xog x j}tg njteg/ Cg| }áloalg| lxgo}a}g}a~g| j lxgca}g}a~g|# cg h|}gmå|}alg j hc
goçca|a| mh ljo}hoamj# rhtea}atço hv}tght cg| ljolcx|ajoh| eç| |aioanalg}a~g| ho lgmg lg|j/
</9%% Manx|aüo mh cg aonjteglaüo/
Xo hcheho}j nxomgeho}gc g mhlamat h| wxaáo ~g g }hoht mhthlfj mh gllh|j g cg aonjteglaüo
h~gcxg}a~g# g cj| aonjteh|/ Ho hc lg|j mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# ljo xog h~gcxglaüo |xeg}a~g mh cg|
gl}a~amgmh| thgca{gmg| rjt ho}amgmh| hv}htog|# hc aonjteh |htç ho}thigmj gc hwxarj mathl}a~j wxh cj
holgtiü/ Ho hc lg|j mh h~gcxglajoh| njteg}a~g|# ljej cg mhc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh# h| thljehomgdch
mh~jc~ht aonjteglaüo g }jmg| cg| gxmaholag|0 h|}j# gmheç| ljo}tadxatç g maogea{gt cg ehkjtg mhc
rtjitgeg# q thnjt{gtç cg rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmj| q }jmg|/Cg h~gcxglaüo# mh h|}g njteg# }hteaog |x lalcj |ahomj njteg}a~g# thljiahomj cg| |xihtholag| mh
ehkjtg grjt}gmg| rjt }jmj| q }jmg|# ljo hc goçca|a| q cg thnchvaüo naogc mh }jmj| th|rhl}j g lüej fg
nxolajogmj hc rtjitgeg ho |x| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh|/ Mhlamat lüej |h ~g g ih|}ajogt cg
rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmg| cg| gxmaholag| ho cg h~gcxglaüo mhrhomh# ljej |h makj gc rtaolaraj# mh |x
jdkh}j q naogcamgm0 rhtj h| h~amho}h wxh maogea{gt cg rgt}alarglaüo |htç ho |å ea|eg xog h|}tg}hiag
rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg ~a|aüo ljertjeh}amg q ltå}alg rtjrag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 240/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<9/ / / / / / / / /
Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg|
%% Gxdht}# G/0 Mxwxh# H/0 Na|g|# E/0 ^gcc|# T/ &422=!/ Magcjigt q ]tgo|njtegt/ Rhmgijiåg ltå}alg mhc
|aicj VVA/ Dgtlhcjog; Itgü/%% Dgt}jcjeá# E/ q Lgdthtg# N/ &4222!/ Oxh~g| }homholag| ho cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| mh
hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc/ Th~a|}g mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo Hmxlg}a~g# 76 &4!# =><%=91/
%% Mh Eaixhc# E/ &4222!/ Cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| |jlagch|; nxomgeho}j| q honjwxh| }hütalj|/
Th~a|}g mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo Hmxlg}a~g# 76 &4!# 461%<76/
%% Mhcjt|# K/ &7119!/ Cg hmxlglaüo holahttg xo }h|jtj/ Aonjteh g cg Xoh|lj mh cg Ljea|aüo
Ao}htoglajogc |jdth cg Hmxlglaüo rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Rgtå|; Xoh|lj
%% H||jedg# E/G/ &Hm! &4229!/ Ljo|}txat cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc / Dgtlhcjog; Itgü/
%% Nhtoçomh{ Dgcch|}htj|# T/ &Hm/! &7118!/ H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjitgeg|/ Xog Ixåg Rtçl}alg ho Çeda}j|
\jlagch|# Hmxlg}a~j| q mh \gcxm / Egmtam; \åo}h|a|/
%% Kjtoh}# K/E/ q Chq~g# Q/H/ &4221!/ Ljolhr}j|# eh}jmjcjiåg q rtjnh|ajogca{glaüo ho cg h~gcxglaüohmxlg}a~g/ Eávalj; Ao|}a}x}j Ao}htoglajogc mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo mh ]hlojcjiåg Hmxlg}a~g/
%% Kjtoh}# K/E/# \xçth{# K/E/ q Rhtgch|# E/K/ &4224!/ Ixåg rtçl}alg rgtg cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|
mh njteglaüo rtjnh|ajogc jlxrglajogc q ljo}aoxg/ gcholag; Gmha}/
%% Chq Jtiçoalg 4*422># mh < mh egqj# mh Hmxlglaüo &DJH = mh egqj!/
%% Egt}åo Ijtmaacj# E/ &422>!/ Ljojlht# egohkgt# ~gcjtgt# rgt}alargt; Cj| naoh| mh xog hmxlglaüo rgtg
cg laxmgmgoåg/ Th~a|}g Adhtjgehtalgog mh Hmxlglaüo# o»/=4# rr/>1%6</
%% Rhtgch| Ejo}jcåj# E/K/ &422=!/ H~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| ho hc çeda}j mh cg ehmaglaüo hmxlg}a~g q
ho ljo}hv}j| exc}alxc}xtgch|/ Gl}g| mhc VAAA Ljoith|j Oglajogc q AA Adhtjgehtalgoj mh Rhmgijiåg/
Ljexoalglajoh| &rçi|/ <2<%<74!/ \jlahmgm H|rg÷jcg mh Rhmgijiåg/
%% Ráth{ Kx|}h# T/ &4222!/ Cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| hmxlg}a~j|; ljolhr}j| dç|alj|#
rcgo}hgeaho}j| ihohtgch| q rtjdcheç}alg/ Th~a|}g mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo Hmxlg}a~g# 76 &4!# 4>7%469/
%% Tgej|# I/# Rhtgch|# E/K/ q Ráth{ Lgtdjohcc# G/ &4221!/ Hc ljolhr}j mh h~gcxglaüo hmxlg}a~g/ Ho
K/E/ Kjtoh} q Q/H/ Chq~g &4221! Ljolhr}j|# eh}jmjcjiåg q rtjnh|ajogca{glaüo ho cg h~gcxglaüo
hmxlg}a~g/ Eávalj; Ao|}a}x}j Ao}htoglajogc mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo mh ]hlojcjiåg Hmxlg}a~g/
%% \}xnnchdhge# M/C/ q \fat`nahcm# G/K/ &7169!/ H~gcxglaüo |a|}heç}alg; ixåg }hütalg q rtçl}alg/
Dgtlhcjog; Rgamü|/
%% ]qcht# T &71=1!/ Dg|al Rtaolarch| jn Lxttalxcxe gom Ao|}txl}ajo/ Lfalgij; Xoa~ht|a}q jn Lfalgij
Rth||/
%% Yha||# L/F/ &716=!/ ]jygtm }fh nx}xth jn |}g`hfjcmht| grrtjglfh| ao h~gcxg}ajo|/ Ho T/N/ Ljooht#M/I/ Gc}ego q L/ Kgl`|jo &hm|!# H~gcxg}ajo |}xmah|/ Th~ahy Gooxgc # 1/ Lgcanjtoag; \gih
Rxdca|fht|/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 241/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<6/ / / / / / / / /
HRÅCJIJ
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 242/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<1/ / / / / / / / /
Hråcjij
Ljo h|}h }tgdgkj# q mh|rxá| mh fgdht thljttamj lgmg xoj mh cj| lgrå}xcj|# |h fg rth}homamj
ej|}tgt wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc oj h| xog eg}htag# ljej mhlågej| ho cg rth|ho}glaüo# wxhljtth|rjomg g xo laht}j ea|}htaj go}tjrjcüialj wxh fgo mh mhnaoat q th|jc~ht gcixoj| hvrht}j|
|xrhth|rhlagca{gmj|/ Cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ljerh}holag| ao}htlxc}xtgch| oj mhrhomh# gc ehoj| ljej
ûoalg rj|adacamgm# mh ljo~ht}atoj| }jmg| cg| rht|jog| ho grthomalh| mh go}tjrücjij|# rtaehtj# q ho
h|rhlagca|}g| ho go}tjrjcjiåg lxc}xtgc# mh|rxá|/ \a h|h nxhtg hc lg|j# rjlg| rht|jog| }homtågo cg
jrjt}xoamgm mh ljo|hixatcj q |h mhrhomhtåg# |a|}heç}alg q rhtegoho}heho}h# mh gcixoj| –ixtû|―
mh cg ljerh}holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# h|}gdchlamj| g ejmj mh çtda}tj| aogclgo{gdch| wxh fgo mh mhlat g
}jmj| cj| mheç| cj wxh fgo mh fglht ho lgmg ejeho}j/ Q# ho}jolh|# cg thcglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |htåg
xog }gthg aerj|adch q cg |jlahmgm ao}htlxc}xtgc# aogclgo{gdch q wxaeátalg/
Cg ljo~a~holag q cg thcglaüo# |ao hedgtij# oj nxolajogo mh h|h ejmj/ Cg| thcglajoh| ho}th cg|rht|jog| oj h|rhtgo g h|}gdchlht|h lxgomj h|}g| |h ljo|amhtgo –rthrgtgmg|― ho gciûo |ho}amj
h|}gdchlamj rjt j}tg hvrht}g/ Cg| thcglajoh| fxegog| |h h|}gdchlho rhtegoho}h q
h|rjo}çohgeho}h# aolcx|j eç| gccç mh cj wxh |jchej| aegiaogt/ Q fg|}g cj| ehkjth| hvrht}j|#
lxgomj |h fgdcg mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# oj |jo j}tg lj|g wxh rht|jog| wxh h|}ço ho|gqgomj |x|
rtjrag| lgrglamgmh| mh herg}åg q h|lxlfg# mh thcglaüo# mh grht}xtg gc j}tj# mh thljojlaeaho}j mhc
wxh |h }jegdg rjt manhtho}h# mh gx}j%thljojlaeaho}j ho hc j}tj# ho |x| rthjlxrglajoh|# ho |x|
hvrhl}g}a~g|# ho |x| h|rhtgo{g| q ho |x| |xh÷j|/
Mhdh th|xc}gt h~amho}h wxh h| aerth|laomadch xog dg|h j xog laht}g njteglaüo go}tjrjcüialg/ Rhtj oj
|ücj rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg ljerh}holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# |aoj rgtg |ht rht|jog q rgtg ~a~at fxegogeho}h/ Hc
rtjdcheg j cg manalxc}gm# gwxå# h| wxh –oj| rjoho― q –oj| rjohej|― g ~a~at# |ao |gdht# exlfg| ~hlh|#
wxaáoh| |jej|# wxá |jej|# wxá fglhej|# wxá rxhmh fglht|h# q wxá }hohej| wxh fglht/ Q oa |awxahtg
|jej| ljo|laho}h| mh cj rjlj wxh |gdhej| ho }jmj| h|}j| g|rhl}j| }go lho}tgch| ho oxh|}tg rtjrag
~amg# }go nxomgeho}gch|# ho hc |ho}amj ca}htgc mh gwxhccj| hcheho}j| wxh oj| ljo|}a}xqho ljej cg rht|jog
wxh |jej| ho hc rtjlh|j mh cj wxh ~gej| |ahomj q ho hc fjta{jo}h mh cj wxh wxhthej| j rjmhej| cchigt
g |ht/ Gc naogc# mh cj wxh |h }tg}g h| mh mh|lxdtat oxh|}tg rtjrag fxegoamgm# kxo}j ljo cg fxegoamgm mh cj|
mheç| q ho thcglaüo ljo cg| ~amg| ljolth}g| mh cj| mheç|/
Hccj fg mh cch~gtoj| g th~a|gt oxh|}tg| gl}a}xmh|/ Oj |ücj cg| wxh ej|}tgej| g cj| mheç|# |aoj cg|wxh oj| |gcho mh mho}tj# aolcx|j gwxhccg| mh cg| wxh oj |jej| mhc }jmj ljo|laho}h| q wxh |ücj
rjmhej| mh|lxdtat mh|mh cg thcglaüo ljo cj| mheç|/ Mh|mh gwxå# mhdhtågej| rcgo}hgtoj| |a cg
ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm h| rj|adch mh|mh xog rj|alaüo mh |xrhtajtamgm# }áloalg j rtjnh|ajogc j rht|jogc…
0 j mh|mh xog rj|alaüo mh rjmht j mh mjeaoglaüo0 j mh|mh xog rj|alaüo mh|mh cg lxgc rjmhej|
aerjoht oxh|}tj lta}htaj# oxh|}tj rxo}j mh ~a|}g j# exlfj ehoj|# oxh|}tj ao}htá| rht|jogc#
ao|}a}xlajogc &rjcå}alj# thcaiaj|j# rgt}ama|}g…!/ Wxa{ç| cj wxh mh|lxdtgej| h| wxh cg aixgcmgm ljej
jdkh}a~j oj h| rj|adch |aoj g }tg~á| mh cg aixgcmgm thgc# ljej ehmaj/ Q wxh á|}g oj h| rj|adch |ao hc
mh|lxdtaeaho}j# aoh~a}gdcheho}h rht|jogc h ao}tgo|nhtadch# mh cg tgmalgc xoamgm mhc iáohtj fxegoj/
Mh cg xoamgm ho cg| lgrglamgmh| wxh rxhmho |ht gclgo{gmg| rjt }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj|# |aherth
g }tg~á| mh j ljomalajogmg| g cg| jrlajoh| wxh fhej| amj g|xeahomj/ Q mh cg xoamgm ho cgntgiacamgm# cg caea}glaüo q# |a |h h| |xnalaho}heho}h fjoh|}j# ho cg lgrglamgm rgtg hc gx}jhoig÷j#
rgtg hc egc q rgtg cg aokx|}alag/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 243/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4=2/ / / / / / / / /
Jc~amgt cg| lgrglamgmh| q cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh lthlaeaho}j# egmxtglaüo# herjmhtgeaho}j#
mh|gttjccj fxegoj# mh|ao}htá| rtjraj# ho}thig mh |å# aolcx|j mh |gltanalaj rht|jogc# oj| ljomhogtåg
g cg th|aioglaüo go}h cg aokx|}alag q ch| mhkgtåg# g cj| jrth|jth|# ~åg cadth rgtg |hixat gcaeho}gomj |x
rtjrag ~jtglamgm aerxoheho}h/ Rhtj jc~amgt wxh cg aokx|}alag# cg ntgiacamgm# cg caea}glaüo q cg rtjragmhdacamgm njteg rgt}h mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog|# |htåg# rtaehtj# xog aoihoxamgm wxh aerhmatåg# mh
fhlfj# lxgcwxaht }tgo|njteglaüo rht|jogc q |jlagc0 q |hixomj# jc~amgt wxh njteg rgt}h }gedaáo mh
oj|j}tj| q mh oj|j}tg| ea|eg|# oj| ljo~ht}atåg ho xoj| má|rj}g| wxh ljomhoho g }jmj| cj| wxh
oj |hgo ljej oj|j}tj|/ Fþcmhtcao cj mh|ltadaü ljo lcgtamgm; –lxgomj hc fjedth ljo|}txqh ho cg
}ahttg |x lahcj# ljo~aht}h cg }ahttg ho xo aonahtoj―/
Cg ljomalaüo rgtg cg thcglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc q rgtg cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc h| wxh ~gqgej|
grthomahomj g |ht fxegoj|/ Q h|j |ücj h| rj|adch ljo cj| mheç| q g }tg~á| mh cg thcglaüo ljo cj|
mheç|/ H| jd~aj wxh oj }jmg thcglaüo ljo cj| mheç| oj| rhtea}h mh|gttjccgt oxh|}tg rtjrag
fxegoamgm mhc ea|ej ejmj/ Ho laht}g egohtg# fhej| mh mh|lxdtat wxá }arj mh thcglaüo ljo cj|mheç| h| oj |ücj cg wxh oj| gqxmg g lthlht ljej rht|jog|# g mh|gttjccgt oxh|}tg rtjrag
fxegoamgm# |aoj cg wxh oj| rxhmh aolcx|j –|gc~gt mh oj|j}tj| j mh oj|j}tg| ea|eg|―/ Q# ljo
|xht}h# mh|lxdtathej| wxh oxh|}tj mh|gttjccj fxegoj oj h| aomhrhomaho}h mhc mh|gttjccj fxegoj
mh cj| mheç|/ Wxh oj |h }tg}g mh cj wxh oj|j}tj| grthomhej| j ~a~aej|# |aoj mh cj wxh
grthomhej| q ~a~aej| ljo cj| mheç|/
Naogceho}h# h| h|g thcglaüo cg wxh rxhmh ho|h÷gtoj| g |ht aixgch|/ H| hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg
hvrhtaholag mh grthlaj q gnhl}j g cj| mheç| q mh cj| mheç| cg wxh oj| rhtea}h mh|lxdtat cg
aixgcmgm ljej xog ohlh|amgm dç|alg q nxomgeho}gc q cg |jcamgtamgm ljej th|rxh|}g/ Mh|mh gfå
rjmhej| thljojlhtoj| ljerg÷htj| mh lgeaoj# wxh rxhmho |hixat |ahomj manhtho}h| rjtwxh |h
thljojlho aixgch|# wxh oj ohlh|a}go aerjoht |x rtjraj lta}htaj gc j}tj q wxh rxhmho g}th~ht|h g
thljttht xo lgeaoj ljeûo# gxo lxgomj oj h|}x~ahtg rth~a|}j# rjtwxh ljojlhej| g cg rht|jog ljo
cg wxh cj ~gej| g thljttht q |gdhej| wxh rjmhej| nagtoj| mh hccg q grjqgtoj| ho hccg# aolcx|j
ljergt}ahomj cg| aolht}amxedth|# cg| ao|hixtamgmh| q }jmg| cg| rthixo}g|/
Wxa{ç|# lxgomj xoj wxa}g hc fgcj mh ea|}htaj wxh ho~xhc~h xo mh}hteaogmj thljttamj# rxhmh
mh|acx|ajogt g gcixoj|/ Oj| rthixo}gej|# gc naogc# |a cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm –|ücj― ljo|a|}h ho
mh|lxdtat cg fxegoamgm q cg thcglaüo rtjnxomgeho}h fxegog/ Rhtj oj h| rhwxh÷g cg }gthg oa
rhwxh÷g| cg| manalxc}gmh|/ Cg fxegoamgm q h|g thcglaüo rtjnxomgeho}h fxegog h| xo th}jrhtegoho}h# wxh oxolg rxhmh mgt|h rjt ljo|hixamj# oa ho }áteaoj| rht|jogch|# oa |jlagch|# oa
exlfj ehoj| fa|}ütalj|/ Q cg aixgcmgm mh }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj| |ao hvlhrlaüo q cg |jcamgtamgm
ho}th }jmj| q }jmg| |hg hc egqjt th}j wxh rjmhej| gntjo}gt ho h|}h ejeho}j q cg lcg~h mhc nx}xtj#
mh xo nx}xtj maioj# rgtg }jmg cg Fxegoamgm/
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 244/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4=7/ / / / / / / / /
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 245/249
// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4=4/ / / / / / / / /
GRTHOMAG \HT AIEGOXGCHMXLGLAAO]HTLX
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 246/249
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4=</ / / / / / / / /
HOMJGCH\/
MHÜOC]XTGC
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 247/249
7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-educacion-intercultural-aprendiendo-a-ser-iguales 248/249
Top Related