13-16 June 2017 11
P. Ausset, S. Barsuk, M. Ben Abdillah, L. Berthier, P. Bertho, J. Bettane, S. Blivet, J.-S. Bousson, L. Burmistrov,
F. Campos, V. Chaumat, J.-L. Coacolo, R. Delorme, N. Dosme, D. Douillet, R. Dupré, P. Duchesne, N. El Kamchi,
M. El Khaldi, A. Faus-Golfe, L. Garolfi, B. Genolini, A. Gonnin, X. Grave, M. Guidal, H. Guler, P. Halin, G. Hull,
M. Imre, M. Josselin, M. Juchaux, W. Kaabi, R. Kunne, M. Langlet, P. Laniece, F. Lefebvre, C. Le Galliard,
E. Legay, P. Lepercq, C. Magueur, B. Mansoux, D. Marchand, A. Maroni, B. Mathon, B. Mercier, H. Monard,
C. Muñoz Camacho, T. Nguyen Trung, S. Niccolai, M. Omeich, Y. Peinaud, L. Pinot, Y. Prezado, K. Pressard,
V. Puill, B. Ramstein, A. Said, A. Semsoum, A. Stocchi, C. Sylvia, C. Vallerand, M.A. Verdier, O. Vitez, E. Voutier,
J. van de Wiele, S. Wurth
Projet Emblématique
A. Faus-Golfe on behalf of the PRAE team
Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie
Institut de Physique Nucléaire
Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire
PRAE: Platform for Research and Applications with Electrons
Programme SESAME
13-16 June 2017 22
PRAE in one slide
Instrumentation
ProRad
Radiobiology
RFgun
Linac
Bunch compressor
13-16 June 2017 3P. 3
PRAE Multidisciplinary R&D Platform Transversal, Complementary expertise
4 AXES DE DEVELOPPEMENT
PROJET PHASES
Phase A (2016-2019) : 70 MeV
Phase B (from 2020): 140 MeV
FUNDING- Equipement- 2 year PostDoc for Nuclear Physics- 2 year PostDoc for Radiobiology
Accelerator
Angeles Faus-Golfe (LAL)
Nuclear Physics
Eric Voutier(IPNO)
Radiobiology
Yolanda Prezado(IMNC)
Detectors R&D
Bernard Genolini(IPNO)
Sergey Barsuk(LAL)
The PRAE Project
PatriciaDuchesne(IPNO)
DominiqueMarchand
(IPNO)
Scientificresponsible
Technicalcoordinator
User’s coordinator
13-16 June 2017 4
Infrastructure
Site related studies
Identification of needs
Preparation of the technical specs
Safety and radioprotection
Coordinator: Patricia Duchesne (IPNO)Marc Langlet (LAL)
13-16 June 2017 55
IGLOO:THOMX-Andromede
HALL SUPER-ACO
201
Cafétéria LAL
Chapeau de gendarme
SCIENCES ACO
La zone « chapeau de gendarme », située au RdC du bâtiment 201, est entourée de tous côtés sans accès direct vers l’extérieur (aucune visibilité du site):
• Façade Nord : Musée Sciences-Aco et butte de terre• Façade Sud : Hall Super-Aco• Façade Est : Igloo• A l’ouest : Prolongement du tunnel de l’ancien Linac.
Accès général – visibilité du site
13-16 June 2017 66
Former site of linear accelerator at LAL, first approach
Old linac
“Chapeau de gendarme” hall Hall SuperAco
Hall SuperAco
13-16 June 2017 77
Nouvel axe de circulation + Un édifice annexe
IGLOO
HALL SUPER-ACO
Chapeau de gendarme
RUE AMPERE
Ancienne salle de contrôle
DCI
Objectifs :
• Répondre aux besoins des scientifiques : Avoir un accès direct de la salle de préparation à la zone radio-protégée dans CdG
• Avoir un accès visible sans changement de niveaux :Rejoindre directement la Rue Ampère à travers la butte et un hall de Sciences ACO
• Avoir une installation regroupée :Profiter des travaux d’étanchéité pour étendre le terrassement sur toute la zone en friche afin de lier les salles de préparation, de contrôle et de laser, au plus près du CdG
• Constituer une plateforme pour recevoir les équipements annexes :CTA, GF, Pompage et traitement de l’eau
13-16 June 2017 88
Nouvel édifice
Nouvel axe de circulation + Un édifice annexe
IGLOO
HALL SUPER-ACO
HALL LINAC
Modification de 2 fenêtres en une entrée
principalepour Sciences ACO et
PRAE
Transformation de cet espace en un couloir de passage
d’un côté et vitrine Sciences ACO de l’autre
9
Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction
Rez-de-chaussée du nouvel édifice Superficie au sol : 290 m²
16m
8m
13m
Salle de
préparation
Accès direct
dans zone radio-protégée CdG
Accès dans CdG
Entrée principaleHall d’entrée
Cabine laser
10
Version : Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction
Rez-de-chaussée du nouvel édifice
11
Version : Espace dédié aux travaux et à la construction
Etage du nouvel édifice• Salle de contrôle et d’acquisition• Equipements annexes
Plateforme pour groupe froid etcsur le toit
12
Interaction PRAE / Sciences ACO
Mise en valeur de Sciences ACO en réhabilitant l’ancienne salle de contrôle DCI en hall d’accueil, créant un lien entre le passé et le présent dans le monde des accélérateurs et leurs applications à travers plusieurs thématiques.
Cette solution s’inscrit dans la philosophie de la Diagonale Paris Saclay en créant une « interaction directe entre les scientifiques et les acteurs de la société »
13
Future actions:
Re-fining the needs for different axes
Security studies
Radioprotection studies
Technical specifications for infrastructural works
In July 2016 University formally attributed the site to PRAE.
Ongoing actions:
Topographic measurements (external study)
Ground vibration measurements (external study)
Temperature measurement campaign
Infrastructure: synthesis
13-16 June 2017 14
Axis 4: accelerator construction and related R&D
Principle goal: core accelerator construction / applications
Other studies: R&D high-gradient RF, Instrumentation, R&D on other
accelerator applications
Training of engineers and technical staff; Students’ hands-on
Coordinator: Angeles Faus-Golfe (LAL)
13-16 June 2017 15
BudgetEvolution of phases
Radiotherapy
ProRad
Phase 0: RF gun at 50 Hz; 50-70 MeV
All in mode “Push-Pull”
Phase 1: two deviated lines
Scanning dipole for Radiotherapy
Spectrometer for Instrumentation
Magnetic chicane for ProRad
Phase 2: 140 MeV
Radiotherapy
ProRad
ProRad / Radiotherapy(Push-Pull)
Phase A: RF gun at 50 Hz; 50-70 MeV, two lines:
Direct for Instrumentation
Deviated: magnetic chicane for ProRadand radiobiology in mode “Push-Pull”
Phase B:
Spectrometer for Instrumentation line
Scanning dipole
Complete set of channels
140 MeV
Initial version, presented to P2IO/SESAME Optimized version, given constraints
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
13-16 June 2017 1616
PRAE accelerator parameters
ProRad
Radiobiology
RFgun Linac Bunch compressor
Beam parameters Phase A-B
Energy, MeV 50-70 (100-140)
Charge (variable), nC 0.00005 – 2
Normalized emittance, mm.mrad 3-10
RF frequency, GHz 3.0
Repetition rate, Hz 50
Transverse size, mm 0.5
Bunch length, ps < 10
Energy spread, % < 0.2
Bunches per pulse 1
Instrumentation
13-16 June 2017 1717
LAL RF gun “revisited”
Coupling slot compensating the Field distortion
RF power (5 MW)
Short circuit
Photocathode
Accelerating gradient (TM010 _ π mode ): 80 MV/m at Pin=5 MW
2.5 cells RF gun designed and producedat LAL for ThomX
Operation frequency 2998,55 MHz (30°C, in vacuum)
Charge 1 nC
Laser wavelength, pulse energy 266 nm, 100 µJ
RF Gun Q and Rs 14400, 49 MΩ/m
RF Gun accelerating gradient 80 MV/m @ 5 MW
Normalized emittance (rms ) 4.4 π mm mrad
Energy spread 0.4 %
Bunch length (rms) 5 ps
Photoinjector specification
CST-Particle in cells, simulation results
Energy gain = 5 MeV for Pin =5 MW
20 cm
bucking coilfocusing coil
13-16 June 2017 18
duration: 2014 - 2018 (4 years)
Development of high-gradient S-band TW accelerating structure (HGAS)
High-gradient research collaboration, LAL - PMB company
The PRAE accelerator will profit from the high-gradient S-band accelerating structure developmentof the HGAS project (“CIFFRE” project, collaboration with industry):
HGAS Technical specification:
Structure Disk-loaded
Operation mode or phase advance 2π/3
Operation Frequency 2998,55 MHz (30°C, in vacuum)
Accelerator type Quasi constant gradient, travelling wave
Accelerating Field for an input peak power of 22 MW 25 MV/m (peak value)
Energy gain for an input peak power of 22 MW 65 MeV (only HGAS)
Quality factor Q > 14000
Number of cells 94 + 2 coupler cells
Flange to flange length 3,47 m
Direct application of high-gradient compact S-band electron LINAC for PRAE
M. EL Khaldi, L. Garolfi,“RF DESIGN OF A HIGH GRADIENT S-BAND TRAVELLING WAVE ACCELERATING STRUCTURE FOR THOMX LINAC”, IPAC2015,M. EL Khaldi, J. Bonis, A. Camara, L. Garolfi, A. Gonnin, “ELECTROMAGNETIC, THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A THOMX RF GUN USING ANSYS”, Proceedings IPAC2016
13-16 June 2017 19
Linac:
Linac: PMB-LAL
Total length: 3.2 m (96 cells),
Travelling wave section (TW),
Quasi-constant gradient structure,
Phase advance per cell: 2π/3-mode,
Average acc. field: 18.5 MV/m @ 18 MW,
Filling time ≤ 1 µs,
S-Band High gradient compact structure (HGAS)
LAL-PMB collaboration on high gradient S-band structure research
The collaboration agreement between PMB and LAL has been established from October, 1st, 2014 to September, 30th, 2018.
20
Initial parameters of the calculations
• beam energy - 70 MeV
• emittance - 5*10-8 m
• bunch length - 3 mm
• energy spread - 2*10-3
• 𝛽x,y = 35 m
• 𝛼x = -4.24
• 𝛼y = -4.34 Initial distribution
is generated with 2 Gaussians, which are then
rotated to simulate the energy chirp at the end
of the linac
With the C++ program we generate the initial longitudinal and
transverse distributions of the particles, then for the each
optics calculated with MadX, we do tracking with MadX-PTC.
After that, with the C++ and GNUPlot we analyze and plot the
final distributions.
The distribution is made the way, it fits the approximate
values of the bunch length and energy spread
𝜎y = 0.008
𝜎x = 0.001
First Optics design and Simulations
21
Bunch propagating through the chicane: 300, 450, 600
(changing the angle directly affects the R56)
300
450
600
22
Optics calculations
Final parameters:
• 𝛽x = 4.0 m
• 𝛽y = 4.0 m
• 𝛼x = -0.18
• 𝛼y = -0.2
• Dx = 0.0 m
• D’x = 0.0
For 450 option for ProRad line:
23
Optics calculations
Final parameters:
• 𝛽x = 4.0 m
• 𝛽y = 1.7 m
• 𝛼x = -0.17
• 𝛼y = -6.73
• Dx = 0.49 m
• D’x = 0.83
Instrumentation line (active last dipole):
13-16 June 2017 24
RF gun and linac
Linac:The collaboration agreement between PMB and LAL: 10/2014 –09/2018.
RF gun: ThomX-like revisited, study in progress to add a doublet ofquads
RF powering
Well advance to recuperate a second generation SLAC modulators fromS-band old 30 GeV linac
The klystron has been identified
Diagnostics
BPMs recuperated from CTF3. Tests with the inductive (test bench),then a possibility to test in ALTO under study.
Energy measurement and Radiotherapy instrumentation are beingstudied.
Beam lines
The first optics design are being made in the framework of LIA-IDEATE for different beam lines and possible implementations.
PRAE accelerator: current status
13-16 June 2017 25
PRAE accelerator: context
13-16 June 2017 26
Axis 2: Radiobiology
Principal goal : explore new original approaches in radiotherapy
Other studies : promising for IMRT, radiobiology studies
Coordinator: Yolanda Prezado (IMNC)
13-16 June 2017 27
Different particle types: very high energy electrons (VHEE)
At hospitals mainly photons (6-18 MV) and electrons (2-25 MeV) are used.
Compared to clinical electron beams: longer penetration depth; reduced lateral scattering (transversal widening sparing normal tissues).
Compared to photons: scans possible advantageous for image-guided energy- and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Stanford University exploring this approach with laser sources.
Compared to protons: greater precision of the beam, lower accelerator cost; less radioprotection issues.
Biological advantages to be established !
Possible strategies to spare normal tissue
New approaches in radiotherapy
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment
Treatment of some radio resistant tumors, pediatric cancers and tumors close to
a delicate structure (i.e. spinal cord) is currently limited
The main challenge is to find novel approaches to increase normal tissue resistance
Standard RT restricted to the few temporal and spatial schemes, dose rates, broad field
sizes: mainly photons, 2 Gy/session, 1 session/day, 5 days/week, dose rates ~ 2 Gy/min,
field sizes > cm2, homogeneous dose distributions
13-16 June 2017 28
15 MeV
photons
100 MeV
VHEE
150 MeV
protons
250 MeV/u
Carbon-12
20 MeV
electrons
New approaches in radiotherapy
There is more thanprotons and Carbon…Electrons, helium…
Dose profiles for various particle beams in water (beam widths )
13-16 June 2017 29
High Energy Electron Grid Therapy (eHGRT):
To be studied on the PRAE radiobiology line:
Experimental dosimetry for very small field sizes: with radiochromic films and microdiamond detector
Monte Carlo dose calculation: beam characteristics for eHGRT, validation of experimental dosimetry, dose calculation for radiobiology studies
Radiobiology studies on cells and small animals: confirmation of the hypothesis of high normal tissue resistance in Phase B
Very high energy electrons (VHEE)
Spatial fractionation of the
dose (MBRT)
eHGRT: novel approach to spare normal tissue at the entrance with a quasi homogeneous dose distribution in the tumor
Proof of concept with dosimetric Monte Carlo study: Martinez and Prezado, Med. Phys. 2015
Radiobiology: main objectives
13-16 June 2017 30
Discussions with the accelerator team in progress on the beamrequirements.
Beam characteristics:
Irradiation Grid: spot sizes of
300-500 µmat the sample position
Beam divergence
Grid scanning with a translational
stage (phase A) or with a scanning
dipole (phase B)
Equipment for cell and animal experiments (Phase B)
Cell preparation room (lab bench, laminar flow hood, incubator, …)
Stabulation room: preparation and rest of animals before and afterirradiation (lab benches, tools for basic operations on animals, racks for rat cages…)
Preparation table for animal anesthesia close to the site
Radiobiology: definition of the needs
grid pattern 2D depth-dose distribution
13-16 June 2017 3131
Axe Radiobiologie : Plateforme pour la dosimétrie3 types de manip pour la dosimétrie (données fournies par Rachel Delorme) :
Calibration des détecteurs
Caractérisation du spot en micro faisceaux
Spot scanning
Déterminer le facteur d’équivalence entre le temps d’irradiation (ou nombre de bunch) à une intensité donnée et la dose dans « l’eau » pour les détecteurs films et diamant
Caractérisation du « spot » en terme de dose absolue & dose relative : mesure fixe avec les films, mesure en mouvement (X,Y) avec le micro-diamant
Quadrillage d’un volume (ex : 2x2 cm en X,Y) avec les spots caractérisés à l’étape précédente
Fantôme fixe
Fantôme mobile
Fantôme mobile
Axe Radiobiologie : Plateforme pour la dosimétrie
- Expériences de dosimétrie (phase A)- Expériences sur animaux (phase B)
Hypothèses pour la dosimétrie :- Système ouvert (pas besoin d’atmosphère contrôlé)- Expériences pilotées à distance
Phantom withgafchromic films Motorized XY
linear stage
Motorized lineartranslation stageElectric actuator for the complete retraction of the frame supporting the XY linear stage with phantom
Travel range: 100mmResolution: 0.1 mm
electronbeam
Placed at 10mm from the vacuum window
Etudes mécaniques réalisées par Sébastien Blivet (IPNO)
13-16 June 2017 33
Very High Energy Electron Radiotherapy: Medical & Accelerator Physics Aspects
Towards Machine Realisation, July 24-26 2017, The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury
Laboratory, UK, https://www.cockcroft.ac.uk/events/VHEE17/
Developing medical linacs for challenging regions
http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/67710
International Cancer Expert Corps
http://www.iceccancer.org/
Axis 1: nuclear physics / nucleon structure
Principle experiment: proton charge radius measurement, 30-70 MeV
Students’ hands-on
Coordinator: Eric Voutier (IPN)
Internships are being received2-year PostDoc position filled
13-16 June 2017 3535
ANR 2017 General Call: France-Germany
Development & construction of ProRad specific and determinant accelerator equipment
Work Package 1 : Beam Energy Compression System
Design, optimization, construction, installation, commissioning, andexploitation of a system allowing to reduce the beam momentumdispersion down to 5×10-4
Work Package 2 : Beam Energy Measurement Device
Design, optimization, construction, installation, commissioning, andexploitation of a device allowing to measure the beam energy with a 5×10-
4 accuracy
Work Package 3 : Hydrogen Jet Target
Development of a 15 µm diameter cryogenic hydrogen jet to serve asprimary reaction target for the ProRad experiment
13-16 June 2017 3636
The coupling of a magnetic chicane with a cavity or a corrugated structure reduces the beam momentum dispersion to ProRad quality requirements.
The evaluation of the performances and difficulties of both technicalsolutions leads the choice of the final PRAE method.
Other PRAE research axis will also benefit from ProRad quality beams.
WP1: ECS system
13-16 June 2017 3737
WP2: Energy measurement
The electron beam is deviated by a spectrometer within a specificmeasurement line.
Knowledge of the beam trajectory at the entrance and the exit of thespectrometer, together with the measurement of the field integralrelatively to an identical reference magnet, gives the expected accuracy onthe beam energy.
13-16 June 2017 3838
WP3: Target and Detectors
The extension of existingtechnologies at the JW
Goethe University provides a thick hydrogen windowless
target.
Challenges concern nozzleproduction, cryogenic power,jet stability, reaction chambervacuum, beam quality…
13-16 June 2017 39
Axis 3: Instrumentation R&D
Coordinator: Bernard Genolini (IPN)
Principle goal is to construct versatile tool for detector R&D and tests:
deliver calibrated beam with adjusted and known kinematics and number
of electrons per sample
Training of engineers and technical staff & Students’ hands-on
13-16 June 2017 40
Fully-equipped versatile tool for precision instrumentation R&D based on high-performance electron beam
Excellent technical performance
Timing reference, < 10 ps bunch length
Charge accuracy, RMS < 2×10-3
Low straggling (energy >> 1 MeV)
High-performance, remotely controlled tools
Beam position, profile and monitoring
60 digitization channels for users on NARVAL-based data acquisition
Motorized moving table for scans, accuracy < 500 µm
No need to place the detectors in vacuum
Instrumentation R&D at PRAE
Measure the time, charge and imaging performance of particle detectors
Calibration for charge, trigger, tracking detectors
13-16 June 2017 41
Deliverables
Timepix detector for precision spot measurement
Calorimeter for energy monitoring
BGO scintillator crystalsin compact matrix geometry
Example of a calorimeter realized at IPN
2 channel Cherenkov counters (LAL) tested at BTF (Frascati); installedin the SPS (CERN) beam pipe
Cherenkov quartz counter for intensity monitoring
DAQ + slow control
60 user digitizationsignals (WaveCatcher)
DCOD = NARVAL + ENX
Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière
Participation of
SPS beam
13-16 June 2017 42
Instrumentation R&D: draft implementation
Ligne accélératrice Plateforme
SPECTROMETER
Christine Le Gaillard
13-16 June 2017 4343
Goals: to promote PRAE, to aggregate partners, to identify new synergies
Targeted communities: Universities (professional and general trainings,
practical works, internships, apprenticeship), Research centers, Companies
(accelerator technologies, detectors, radiotherapy)
Perimeter: Regional, national, international level
Establishing users community
Coordinator: Dominique Marchand (IPN)
Contact: [email protected]
Web site dedicated to the user community
Seminars within laboratories
Talks at conferences, workshops
Dedicated periodical colloquiums. First colloquium proposed for spring 2017
(a subvention asked from CNRS), format: 2,5 days
Contact responsibles of training programs (Licences, Masters)
…
13-16 June 2017 44
Summary
PRAE is a new project for science, R&D and applications based on
complementary IMNC – IPN – LAL expertise.
Construction of the multi-disciplinary PRAE site – Subatomic physics,
Radiobiology, Instrumentation R&D and Accelerator – is centered
around the new high-performance electron accelerator.
The “chapeau de gendarme” site officially dedicated to PRAE.
Presently available budget is dedicated to construction of the major
part of the phase A of the PRAE project. To be complemented.
Important measurements already with PRAE phase A !
13-16 June 2017 45
Backup
13-16 June 2017 4646
Planning: phase A, e-beam 70 MeV
Year 2017 2018 2019 2020
Semester 1 2 1 2 1 2
Infrastructure at PRAE
Design, components procuring
Component tests
Experimental setups
Installation at PRAE
PRAE commissioning, 70 MeV
TDR chapters ready
PRAE v1PRAE operational :
13-16 June 2017 4747
PRAE partners++
Contribution from CSNSM to Instrumentation
Enthusiastic contribution via expertise from CPO (Institut Curie)
Discussions on target for ProRad with Frankfurt am Main, CEA
Equipment loan from SLAC-JLAB and from CERN
Potential collaboration with Frascati on RF gun
Discussions on LEETECH-like spectrometer with CERN
Proposals for complementary program from Kiev and Kharkiv
…
13-16 June 2017 4848
PRAE organization
Project CoordinatorTechnical Coordinator
Patricia Duchesne
PA1: Nuclear Physics(IPNO)
Eric Voutier
PA2: Radiobiology(IMNC, IPNO, LAL)
Yolanda Prezado
PA3: Detector R&D (LAL, IPNO, IMNC)
Bernard Genolini
PA4: Accelerator and beam instrumentation
R&D (LAL, IPNO)Angeles Faus-Golfe
General organization, 4 mutually linked project axes.
Main links between the project axes.
Accélérateurs Physique Nucleaire Radiobiology R&D détecteurs
LASERIX
13-16 June 2017 4949
Management of PRAE, in discussion
Operations board : Coordinators of axes, technical coordinator, project
coordinator
Governing board : Directors of IMNC – IPN – LAL, representatives of
financing agencies (P2IO + SESAME)
International Advisory Board for progress reviews, strategy decisions
External review panels per project axis for specific tasks/decisions
Collaboration Board for collaboration issues
Top Related