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Energy Challenge after Historic
Earthquake and Tsunami in
Japan
Shinji FUJINO
Head of Country Studies Division
International Energy Agency(IEA)
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TOKYO
Earthquakes:
M - 9.0 quake (March 11)
M - 7 class 5 times
M - 6 class 63 times
M - 5 class 335 times
Tsunamis
14 meters or higher
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Faces
Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge
Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge
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automatic
shut down
cold
shut down
Unit 1 524 MW, 1984-
Unit 2 825 MW, 1995-
Unit 3 825 MW, 2002-
Unit 1 460 MW, 1971-
Unit 2 784 MW, 1974-
Unit 3 784 MW, 1976-
Unit 4 784 MW, 1978-
Unit 5 784 MW, 1978-
Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979-
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982-Unit 2 1,100 MW, 1984-
Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985-
Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987-
Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978-
Tokai Dai-ni
Onagawa
Fukushima Dai-ichi
Fukushima Dai-ni
4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units
Periodical
inspection
Nuclear Reactors near Epicenter of the Earthquake
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Cause of the Damage
All Motion Operated Pumps including
ECCS became InoperableSeawater Pum
Elevation:
about 10m
Turbine
Building
Grid Line
Diesel Generator Inoperabledue to the Tsunami
Diesel Generator
Loss of Off-site Powerdue to the Earthquake
Reactor
Building
Seawater level
Tsunami (estimated 14m)About
20M
About
40M
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station
5.4 ~5.7m
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LOST GENERATION
(in MW) NuclearThermal
TotalLNG Oil Coal Total
TEPCO 6 428 1 000 5 150 1 000 7 150 13 578
JAPC 1 100 - - - - 1 100
Tohoku
EPCO2 174 446 850 1 000 2 296 4 470
Total 9 702(9.7GW)
1 446 6 000 2 000 9 446(9.4GW)
19 148(19.1GW)
14 March 2011
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Power Generation and Transmission
OECD/IEA 2011
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Transmission Interconnectors
OECD/IEA 2011
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Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in JapanImpact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan
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Power Supply/Demand Plan
Announced by Government of Japan (8 April)
Measures to respond to power shortage inthis summer
- Estimated peak demand in TEPCO region55GW
- Available supply capacity by TEPCO45GW
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Demand Side MeasuresPeak demand cut: 10GW in TEPCO region
Large consumers (> 500kW): 25% (mandatory) Further improving efficiency in manufacturing
process
Installing more energy efficientmachines/equipments
Shifting/shortening working time Shifting/extending summer holidays etc
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Smaller Businesses (< 500kW): 20% (voluntary
measures) Decreasing cooling
Reducing lighting Reducing IT equipment
Temperature appropriate clothing etc
Households: 15 20 % (Voluntary measures)
Decreasing cooling
Reducing stand-by power
Reducing lighting
Installing more efficient appliances etc
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Supply Side Measures
By summer 2011
Additional capacity: 5GW in TEPCO region
After summer 2011
Continue to restore damaged thermal capacities
Additional new thermal capacities
Accelerate existing plans
Smaller size gas turbines
Strengthen interregional connections Renewable power capacity
Low carbon technology R&D etc.
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25 Energy Efficiency Recommendations
How did implementation compare across member countriesin 2009 ?
OECD/IEA 2011
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Energy Intensity in Japan and in Other
Selected IEA Member Countries
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
United Kingdom
United States
IEA Total
toe per thousand USD of GDP at 2000 prices and purchase power parities
OECD/IEA 2011
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Energy Supply and Electricity Generation, 2009
Coal
27%
Oil9%
Gas
27%
Nuclear
27%
Hydro
7%
Other
renewable
3%
Coal22%
Oil
43%
Gas
17%
Nuclear
15%
Hydro
1%
Other
renewable
2%
Total Primary Energy Supply
472 Mtoe
Total Electricity Generation
1041 TWh
OECD/IEA 2011
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IEA Member Countries LNG Imports
OECD/IEA 2011
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LNG Imports by Japan
Source: IEA
20002010
In 2000, LNG imported from 8 countries but now from 15
countries-twice as diversified in search for better deals
New Exporters: Russia, Nigeria, Egypt OECD/IEA 2011
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Renewable Energy
Percentage of Total Primary Energy Supply, 2009
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Biofuels and
waste
Solar
Geothermal
Wind
Hydro
OECD/IEA 2011
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Energy Plan of Japan
Energy Security
Double energy self-sufficiency ratio by 2030 (18% in2009)
Environmental sustainability
CO2 emission reduction: 25% below 1990 levels by
2020 Zero emission power generation (nuclear and
renewables): 50% by 2020, 70% by 2030 (34% in
2009)- Nuclear: 9 additional units by 2020
14 additional units by 2030
- Renewables: 10% TPES by 2020 (3.5% in 2009)
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Tourism
1. http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/en/index.html
Information Dissemination by Government of Japan