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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Definition: El tiempo presente simple describe lo que generalmente sucede pero no
necesariamente ahora .Es decir describe acciones que son permanentes o los hbitos de
las personas, ejemplo:
-Los alumnos de enfermera vienen al SIDEM de lunes a viernes.
-Te nursin! students "ome to te SIDEM from Monda# to $rida#.
%rammar stru"ture: For affirmative statements:
Su&'e"t (er& )om*lement
The nursing students come To the SIE! from !onda" to Frida".
Su&'e"t:#sa $nouns% o $pronouns% al inicio de cada oracion de forma afirmativa.
Nouns Pronouns
&urse I '"o(
octor )ou 'tu(
*atients +e 'el(
hemist She 'ella(
-bstetrician It 'aquelllolla(
Surgeon /e 'nosotrosas( *h"sics The" 'ellosas(
(er&: E0isten 1 casos para usar el verbo en una oracion afirmativa del tiempo presente.
I. (er&os +ue terminan en s: cuando en una oraci2n de tiempo presente mencionan
como sujeto de la oraci2n a una $tercera persona%'he,she,it(entonces el verbo de la misma
oraci2n terminara en la letra $s%. Ejemplo:
$The English teacher 3or4s in the SIE! ever" da".%
$!" sister lives in an apartment.%
S*ellin! Rules:5eglas para agregar sal final de un verbo seg6n su caso:
7. 8grega s al final de un verbo que culmine en la vocal eo cuando culmine en
una consonante. ejemplo.
S*anis Present (er& in ,rd *erson sin!.
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial1
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!ontar
9ustar
Trabajar
5etornar
5ide
i4e
/or
5eturn
oves
i4es
/or4s
5eturns
1. 8grega esal final de un verbo que culmine en :"sss/0. Ejemplo:
S*anis Present (er& in ,rd *erson sin!.!irar
*asar
8purarse
5elajarse
5umorar
/at"
*ass
5us
5ela/
;u
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pararse
sentarse
manipular
hablar
trabajar
cargar
viajar
comer
beber
amar
stand
sit
handle
tal4
3or4
carr"
travel
eat
drin4
love
)om*lement: El complemento es importante porque otorga un sentido completo a una
oraci2n. 8 veces es necesario incluir o mencionar el tiempo en 4 se reali
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-Los alumnos de "om*uta"i3n no *ra"ti"an in#e"totera*ia.
-Te )om*uter students don4t *ra"ti"e in#e"totera*#. 5Ne!6
%rammar stru"ture: For &egative statements:
Su&'et 1u/iliar 5ne!.6 (er&. 5S.$.6 )om*lement
The English Teacher oesnDt practice In"ectotherap".
Su&'e"t: #tili
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$Dotenursing students 4no3 ho3 to vaccinate peopleG%
7es, the" do.
$DoestheEn!lis tea"er 4no3 ho3 to vaccinate peopleG
No, he doesnt.
%rammar stru"ture: $or 9uestions:
1u/iliar# Su&'e"t (er& 5;.$.6 )om*lement
o Then nursing students 4no3 +o3 to vaccinate peopleG
1u/iliar: #tili
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Su&'e"t: #tili
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(er&s:#sa el verbo en su forma base "a que se est haciendo uso del au0iliar $dodoes%, el
cual modifica la acci2n del verbo en la pregunta. Ejm.
$3heredo"ou livein peruG%
/hat doeshetea"in the instituteG
)om*lement : En algunos casos no es empleado la e0presi2n de tiempo pasado en
este tipo de preguntas.
%rammar Stru"ture: For ans3ers
Su&'et" (er& )om*lement
/e stud" &ursing in the SIE! institute.
Note: *ara respuestas de este tipo,por lo general presenta la misma estructura gramaticalque las oraciones de forma afirmativa.
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial#
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)2NT1;LE 1ND N)2NT1;LE
Definition:e0isten artBculos u objetos que son contables o incontables:
)ounta&le:8quellos que pueden ser contados " adems mencionar tanto en pluralcomo en singular.Ejm:
S*anis Sin!ular Plural*Bldora *ill *ills
8spirina 8spirin 8spirinsitamina itamin itaminsenda ;andage ;andagesiente Tooth Teeth
n"ounta&le: aquellos que no son contables " se considera solo en singular.Ejm:
S*anis Sin!ular8lcohol 8lcohol8gua /aterSuero SerumFiebre FeverSangre ;loodancer ancer
1)TI(IT7
-=rite te un"ounta&le or te "ounta&le nouns in te "orre"t "olumn:
+eads 8bdomen 8pples ;loodE"es Shoulders bananas &erve+air S4in !angoes SerumForehead ungs -ranges /ater&oses Intestines -il !il4
N)2NT1;LE )2NT1;LE
LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial$
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S2ME 1ND 1N7
Some: Significa $al!o " se utili
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1dver&s 2f $re"uen"#
Definition:los adverbios de frecuencia son aquellos que indican la frecuencia conque se reali
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Noti"e:utili
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7. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL1. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL=. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
Im*eratives
Definition:El modo imperativo del verbo es utili
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7. I have a headache. ' (1. I cant sleep at night. ' (=. !" job is ver" stressful. '
(>. I have a fever. ' (@. I cant lose 3eight. ' (P. I have a stomachache.' (Q. Theres no food in thehouse. ' (R. I have a bad cold. ' (. Theres no alcohol in themedical bo0. ' (7N. I have dr" s4in. ' (
a(Tr" this ne3 lotion.b(ont eat an" food for a da".c(Ta4e t3o aspirins and drin4 a lot of
3ater.d(o to bed earl".e(Ta4e a hot bath at night.f( ;u" some alcohol in the drugstore.g(ont go to 3or4.h(9et some e0ercise ever" da".i( ont drin4 coffee or tea in the evening.j( 9o out to as restaurant.
Modals
Definition:os $!odals% son verbos au0iliares que usamos para e0presar:
$un"iones so"iales "omo el dar "onse'os. E/am*les:
$)ou souldvisita an -dontologist.%
$)ou souldta4e some vitamins.%
Posi&ilidades lo!i"as "omo el a"er su*osi"iones. E/am*les:
$)our hurt "ouldget infected.%
$)ou "ouldhave dr" s4in.%
%rammar Stru"ture
$or Re+uests:
Modal Su&'e"
t
(er&5&ase form6 )om*lement@
an!a"
an
ould
!a"
I
I
I
I
+elp
+ave
+ave
+ave
)ouG
8 bo0 of cough dropsG
Something for a sore throatG
8 bottle of aspirinG
Noti"e:an!a"ould son usados en:
7. forma interrogativa, para hacer alguna solicitud. E0ample:
$Ma# I help "ou@%
$)an I help "ou@%
1. forma afirmativa, para hacer suposiciones. E0ample: $)ou"ould get sic4.%
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial13
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$)our hurt"ould get infected.%
$or Su!!estions:
Su&'e"
t
Modal (er&5&ase form6 )om*lement
I
)ou
)ou
suggest
Should
Should
*ut
9et
Tr"
Some ointment.
Some s4in cream.
Some of this lotion.
Noti"e:
7. por lo general el $!odal% se ubica en medio del sujeto " el verbo 'solo en
oraciones afirmativas(.
$)ousould visit the dentist ever" si0 month.%
$The"sould bu" some medicines.%
1. El verbo a utili
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;: Than4 "ou ver" muchM
@. 8: /hat do "ou LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL for dr" s4inG
;: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL some of this ne3 lotion. Its ver" good.8: -. Than4s a lot.
P. 8: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I have bottle of aspirin, pleaseG
;: +ere "ou are.
8: 8nd 3hat do "ou LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL for an insect biteG
;: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL some of this antiitch cream.
8: -. Than4s.
Q. 8: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I help "ouG
;: )es. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I have something for burnsG
8: Sure. I LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL a can of sunburn spra".
IN$INITI(ES
Definition: Se llama infinitivo a la preposici2n $to% U verbo en forma base 5to Cver&6Ejem.:
S*anis Infinitive 5to C ver&68brir To open
ar To giveIntentar To tr"etener To stoplevar To bring
Noti"e: asos para usar el infinitivo:
7. Infinitive as o&'e"t: uando un verbo siempre va seguido directamente porel infinitivo.
V?ohn o*es to enterto the universit"% erb infinitive
$5oss" has learned to usethe thermometer correctl"% erb. Infinitive
$I lie to tea"English language% erb infinitive
1. Infinitive after 1d'e"tive: #tili
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8dject. Infinitive
)ommon ad'e"tives tat "an &e follo
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Stud"=. Its important LLLLLLLLLLLLL the dentist ever" P months. See>. !" friends 3ant LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ajamarca e Iquitos
isit
@. !ilit =ILL
Definition: El futuro con
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The dog
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=ILL C N2T =2N4T
7ES8N2 9ESTI2NS
Definition: Tipo de pregunta en la cual hacemos preguntas " esperamos
5espuestas cortas en forma afirmativa 2 negativa. Ejm.
- =ill te students a**rove te En!lis "ourse tis semester@
7esTe#
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Ne!ative sort ans
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(. Dis"over te !rammarB "oose te
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o 5-! rive
o /riter
'digital versatile disc(
;lura" a highdensit" optical disc format for the storage of digital
information, including highdefinition video.
+ a highdensit" optical disc format and successor to the standard
.
Flopp" dis4
Wip drive
#S; flash drive
Tape drive Internal storage
+ard3are that 4eeps data inside the computer for later use and remains persistent
even 3hen the computer has no po3er.
+ard dis4 Solidstate drive is4 arra" controller
Sound "ard
Enables the computer to output sound to audio devices, as 3ell as accept input froma microphone. !ost modern computers have sound cards builtin to the
motherboard, though it is common for a user to install a separate sound card as an
upgrade.
Net
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application in computer s"stems.Y7ZY1ZY=Zomputer science has man" subfields[ some
emphasi
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Spar4ed the igital 5evolution3hich led to the current Information 8geand
the Internet.Y71Z
In cr"ptograph", brea4ing the Enigma machine 3as an important factor
contributing to the 8llied victor" in /orld /ar II. YZ
Scientific computing enabled advanced stud" of the mind and mapping the
human genome 3as possible 3ith +uman 9enome *roject. istributed
computingprojects li4e Folding\home e0plore protein folding.
8lgorithmic trading has increased the efficienc" and liquidit" of financial
mar4ets b" using artificial intelligence, machine learningand other statistical
and numericaltechniques on a large scale.
'elations(ip )it( ot(er *ields
espite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the
stud" of computers themselves. ;ecause of this, several alternative names have
been proposed. anish scientist *eter &aursuggested the term datalogy, to reflect
the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, 3hile
not necessaril" involving computers.
The first scientific institution to use the term 3as the epartment of atalog" at the
#niversit" of openhagen, founded in 7P, 3ith *eter &aur being the first professor
in datalog". The term is used mainl" in the Scandinavian countries. 8lso, in the earl"
da"s of computing, a number of terms for the and practitioners of the field of
computing 3ere suggested in the Communications are of the ACM]turingineer,
turologist, flow-charts-man, applied meta-mathematician, and applied
epistemologist. Three months later in the same journal, comptologist3as suggested,
follo3ed ne0t "ear b" hypologist. 5ecentl" the term computicshas been suggested.
Informatik3as a term used in Europe 3ith more frequenc".
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial2"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-bgu-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-kahnbook-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_foldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_liquidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-bgu-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-kahnbook-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_foldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_liquidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naur8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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Fields o* computer science
omputer science searches for concepts and formal proofsto e0plain and describe
computational s"stems of interest. 8s 3ith all sciences, these theories can then be
utilised to s"nthesiuman-)om*uter Intera"tion
S"ientifi" "om*utin!
Dida"ti"s of "om*uter s"ien"e8informati"s
The subfield didactics of computer science focuses on cognitive approaches of
developing competencies of computer science and specific strategies for anal"sis,
design, implementation and evaluation of e0cellent lessons in computer science.
Computer science educationSome universities teach computer science as a theoretical stud" of computation and
algorithmic reasoning. These programs often feature the theor" of computation,
anal"sis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrenc" theor", databases, computer
graphicsand s"stems anal"sis, among others. The" t"picall" also teach computer
programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer
science rather than a central focus of highlevel stud".
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial2#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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-ther colleges and universities, as 3ell as secondar" schools and vocational
programs that teach computer science, emphasi
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Spelling
The spellings e-mailand emailare both common. Several prominent journalistic and
technical st"le guides recommend e-mail, and the spelling emailis also recogni
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,or-ings
E/am*le
The diagram above sho3s a t"pical sequence of events that ta4es place 3hen 8lice
composes a message using her mail user agent'!#8(. She t"pes in, or selects
from an address boo4, the email addressof her correspondent. She hits the VsendV
button.
This sequence of events applies to the majorit" of email users. +o3ever, there are
man" alternative possibilities and complications to the email s"stem:
>eader
The message header consists of fields, usuall" including at least the follo3ing:
$rom:The email address,and optionall" the name of the sender
To: The email addressYesZ, and optionall" nameYsZ of the message^s
recipientYsZ
Su&'e"t:8 brief summar" of the contents of the message
Date:The local time and date 3hen the message 3as 3ritten
Each header field has a name and a value. 5F 1R11specifies the precise s"nta0.
Informall", the field name starts in the first character of a line, follo3ed b" a V:V,
follo3ed b" the value 3hich is continued on nonnull subsequent lines that have a
space or tab as their first character.
Field names and values are restricted to Qbit8SIIcharacters. &on8SII values
ma" be represented using !I!E encoded 3ords.
&ote that the VToV field in the header is not necessaril" related to the addresses to
3hich the message is delivered. The actual deliver" list is supplied in the S!T*
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Word8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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Ser.ers and client applications
!essages are e0changed bet3een hosts using the Simple !ail Transfer *rotocol
3ith soft3are programs called mail transport agents. #sers can do3nload their
messages from servers 3ith standard protocols such as the *-*or I!8*protocols,
or, as is more li4el" in a large corporate environment, 3ith a proprietar" protocol
specific to otus &otesor !icrosoft E0change Servers.
!ail can be stored either on the client, on the server side, or in both places.
Standard formats for mailbo0es include !aildirand mbo0. Several prominent email
clients use their o3n proprietar" format and require conversion soft3are to transfer
email bet3een them.
/hen a message cannot be delivered, the recipient !T8 must send a bounce
messagebac4 to the sender, indicating the problem.
Mi"rosoft E/"el
Mi"rosoft E/"el 'full name Mi"rosoft 2ffi"e E/"el( is a proprietar" spreadsheet
application 3ritten and distributed b" !icrosoft for !icrosoft /indo3sand !ac -S
X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables and, e0cept for E0cel 1NNR for
!ac -S X, a macro programming language called ;8 'isual ;asic for
8pplications(. It is over3helmingl" the dominant spreadsheet application available
for these platforms and has been so since version @ in 7=, and is bundled as part
of !icrosoft -ffice. E0cel is one of the most popular microcomputer applications to
date.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_transport_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_transport_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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/istor0
!icrosoft originall" mar4eted a spreadsheet program called !ultiplanin 7R1, 3hich
3as ver" popular on *!s"stems, but on !S-Ss"stems it lost popularit" to
otus 71=. The first version of E0cel 3as released for the !ac in 7R@ and the first
/indo3s version 'numbered 1.N@ to lineup 3ith the !ac and bundled 3ith a run
time /indo3s environment( 3as released in &ovember 7RQ. otus 3as slo3 to
bring 71= to /indo3s and b" 7RR E0cel had started to outsell 71= and helped
!icrosoft achieve the position of leading * soft3are developer. This
accomplishment, dethroning the 4ing of the soft3are 3orld, solidified !icrosoft as a
valid competitor and sho3ed its future of developing 9#Isoft3are. !icrosoft pushed
its advantage 3ith regular ne3 releases, ever" t3o "ears or so. The current version
for the /indo3s platform is E0cel 71, also called !icrosoft -ffice E0cel 1NNQ. The
current version for the !ac -S X platform is !icrosoft E0cel 1NNR.
Mi"rosoft E/"el1.7 included a runtimeversion of /indo3s 1.7
Earl" in its life E0cel became the target of a trademar4 la3suit b" another compan"
alread" selling a soft3are pac4age named VE0celV in the finance industr". 8s the
result of the dispute !icrosoft 3as required to refer to the program as V!icrosoft
E0celV in all of its formal press releases and legal documents. +o3ever, over time
this practice has been ignored, and !icrosoft cleared up the issue permanentl"
3hen the" purchased the trademar4 of the other program.
!icrosoft also encouraged the use of the letters FLas shorthand for the program[
3hile this is no longer common, the program^s iconon /indo3s still consists of a
st"li
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;inar#
The binar" format specification has been available from !icrosoft on request but
since Februar" 1NNR the .XS format specification can be freel" do3nloaded and
implemented under the -pen Specification *romisepatent licensing.
2ffi"e 2*en FML
!icrosoft E0cel 1NNQ, along 3ith the other products in the !icrosoft -ffice 1NNQ
suite, introduces a host of ne3 file formats. These are part of the -ffice -pen X!
'--X!( specification.
The ne3 E0cel 1NNQ formats are:
E/*ort and mi!ration of s*readseets
8*Isare also provided to open e0cel spreadsheets in a variet" of other applications
and environments other than !icrosoft E0cel. These include opening e0cel
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3
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documents on the 3eb using either8ctiveXcontrols, or plugins li4e the8dobe Flash
*la"er.
The8pache *-Iopensourceproject provides ?avalibraries for reading and 3riting
e0cel spreadsheet files. 8ttempts have also been made to be able to cop" e0cel
spreadsheets to 3eb applications using commaseparated values.
Programming
8 valuable aspect of E0cel is the abilit" to 3rite code using the programming
language isual ;asic for 8pplications';8(. This code is 3ritten using an editor
vie3ed separatel" from the spreadsheet. !anipulation of the spreadsheet entries is
controlled using objects.
/ith this code an" function or subroutine that can be set up in a ;asic or Fortran
li4e language can be run using input ta4en from the spreadsheet proper, and the
results of the code are instantaneousl" 3ritten to the spreadsheet or displa"ed on
charts 'graphs(. The spreadsheet becomes an interface or 3indo3 to the code,
enabling eas" interaction 3ith the code and 3hat it calculates.
Mi"rosoft =ord
Mi"rosoft =ord is !icrosoft^s flagship 3ord processing soft3are. It 3as firstreleased in 7R= under the name Multi-Tool =ordfor Xeni0s"stems.Y7ZY1ZY=Zersions
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opensourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opensourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-28/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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3ere later 3ritten for several other platforms including I;! *srunning -S'7R=(,
the8pple !acintosh'7R>(, S- #&IX, -S1and !icrosoft /indo3s'7R(. It is a
component of the !icrosoft -ffices"stem[ ho3ever, it is also sold as a standalone
product and included in !icrosoft /or4s Suite. ;eginning 3ith the 1NN= version, the
branding 3as revised to emphasi and @ for !ac
=. /ord P and /ord @[ /ord P for !ac
>. /ord Q, 1NNN, 1NN1, 1NN= and 1NNQ[ /ord R, 1NN7, X, and 1NN> for !ac
The ne3er V.doc0V e0tension signifies -ffice -pen X!and is used b" /ord 1NNQ
for /indo3s and /ord 1NNR for the !acintosh.!icrosoft does not guarantee the
correct displa" of the document on different 3or4stations, even if the t3o
3or4stations use the same version of !icrosoft /ord. This means it is possible the
document the recipient sees might not be e0actl" the same as the document the
sender sees.
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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;inar# $ormats 5=ord GH-JJ,6
8s /ord became the dominant 3ord processor in the late 7Ns and earl" 1NNNs,
/ord document formats '.-( became a de facto standard of document file
formatsdue to their popularit". Though usuall" just referred to as V/ord ocument
FormatV, this term refers primaril" to the range of formats used b" default in /ord
version QK1NN=. /ord document files using the /ord Q1NN= ;inar" File Format
implement -E'-bject in4ing and Embedding( structured storageto manage the
structure of its file format. -E behaves rather li4e a conventional hard drive file
s"stem, and is made up of several 4e" components. Each 3ord document is
composed of socalled Vbig bloc4sV 3hich are almost al3a"s 'but do not have to be(
@71b"te chun4s[ hence a /ord document^s file si
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Mi"rosoft 2ffi"e 2*en FML 5=ord JJH and a&ove6
/ord 1NNQ uses !icrosoft -ffice -pen X!as its default format, but retains the
older binar" format for compatibilit" reasons. It also supports 'for output onl"( *F
and X*Sformat. !icrosoft has published specifications for the /ord Q1NNQ ;inar"
File Format and the -ffice -pen X! format. !icrosoft has moved to3ards an X!
based file format for their office applications 3ith -ffice 1NNQ: !icrosoft -ffice -pen
X!. This format does not conform full" to standard X!. It is, ho3ever, publicl"
documented as Ecma standard =QP. *ublic documentation of the default file format
is a first for /ord, and ma4es it considerabl" easier, though not trivial, for
competitors to interoperate. It^s been approved as an international standard b" IS-'IS-IE 1@NN(, but the approval is under revie3 follo3ing objections b" IS-
members South 8frica, ;ra
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1lternative Editors
*eople 3ho do not use !icrosoft -ffice sometimes find it difficult to use a /ord
document.Ycitation neededZ ;ecause the formats are de facto standards, man" 3ord
processors such as8bi/ordor -pen-ffice.org /riterinclude file import and e0port
filters for the /ord ;inar" File Format to compete. Furthermore, there is 8pache
*-I, 3hich is an opensource ?ava librar" that aims to read and 3rite such
documents. !acintosh users had file translator filters such as !acin4 *lus3ith the
abilit" to interconvert /ord, /or4s, /ord*erfect, &is"s/riter and man" other
formats. !ost of this interoperabilit" has been achieved through reverse engineering
since, 3ith the e0ception of 5TF, documentation of the /ord file formats 3as not
publicl" available until Februar" 1NNR.
Ma"ros
i4e other !icrosoft -fficedocuments, /ord files can include advanced macros and
even embedded programs. The language 3as originall" /ord;asic, but changed to
isual ;asic for 8pplicationsas of /ord Q.
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacLink_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacLink_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf
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IRRE%L1R (ER;S
SP1NIS> PRESENT P1ST P1RTI)IPLE
';e( amis, are /as, 3ere ;een
;ecome ;ecame ;ecome;egin ;egan ;egun
;ite ;it ;itten
;leed ;led ;led
;lo3 ;le3 ;lo3n
;rea4 ;ro4e ;ro4en
;ring brought ;rought
;uild ;uilt ;uilt
;urn ;urned ;urned
;u" ;ought ;ought
atch aught aughthoose hose hosen
ome ame ost
ost ost 9iven
ut ut ut
o id one
ra3 re3 ra3n
ream reamt reamt
rin4 ran4 run4
rive rove riven
Eat 8te Eaten
Fall Fell Fallen
Feel Felt Felt
Fight Fought Fought
Find Found Found
Fl" Fle3 Flo3n
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Forgive Forgave Forgiven
Free
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SP1NIS> PRESENT P1ST P1RTI)IPLE
eave eft eft
end ent entet et et
ight it it
ose ost ost
!a4e !ade !ade
!eet !et !et
*a" *aid *aid
*ut *ut *ut
Huit Huit Huit
5ead 5ead 5ead
5ide 5ode 5idden5un 5an 5un
Sa" Said Said
See Sa3 Seen
Sell Sold Sold
Send Sent Sent
Set Set Set
Sha4e Shoo4 Sha4en
Shine Shone Shone
Shoot Shot Shot
Sho3 Sho3ed Sho3n
Sing Sang SungSit Sat Sat
Sleep Slept Slept
Smell Smelt Smelt
Spea4 Spo4e Spo4en
Spend Spent Spent
Stand Stood Stood
Steal Stole Stolen
Stic4 Stuc4 Stuc4
S3eep S3ept S3ept
S3im S3am S3umTa4e Too4 Ta4en
Teach Taught Taught
Tear Tore Torn
Tell Told Told
Thin4 Thought Thought
Thro3 Thre3 Thro3n
#nderstand #nderstood #nderstood
/a4e /o4e /o4en
/ear /ore /orn
/et /et /et
/in /on /on
/rite /rote /ritten
Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial2
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