Alfredo Espino

Alfredo Espino is undoubtedly one of the most prominent poets of El Salvador. It is also popularly known as the child poet, because in his short life was always dedicated to the letters. Alfredo Espino was born on January 8, 1900 in the department of Ahuachapán.

It was the second of eight children of Alfonso Espino poet and educator Enriqueta Najarro, which could be the basis for him to devote himself to poetry. In academic suvida, Alfredo studied at the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the University of El Salvador, between 1920 and 1927. He also collaborated in the Lumen magazines and student opinion, like newspapers The Press and Journal Rescuer.

Alfredo Espino only wrote 96 poems gathered in Jícaras TRISTES in 1930, divided into six parts: Casucas, Auras Bohio, sweetness, Panoramas and Aromas, Birds of Legend and The Alma del Barrio. With a delicate poetic, presented with a simple, easy style to capture. His poems expose the landscape of El Salvador, lush.

The last years of his life were very unhappy because of the refusal of his parents for him to marry. This caused some emotional imbalances that made him fall into the vice of alcohol and lead a bohemian life, including bars and brothels.

Alfredo Espino died in San Salvador, El Salvador, May 24, 1928 due to an alcoholic crisis. He was buried in General Cemetery of San Salvador, his remains rest in Jardines del Recuerdo, in place of the crypt of poets.

BIOGRAPHY ALBERTO MASFERRER

He was born on June 24, 1868 in Tecapa (now called Joy), department of Usulutan, in the east of the Republic of El Salvador, died on September 4, 1932 in San Salvador. His name was Vicente Alberto Masferrer Mónico.

Master Teacher for some, debater, orator and journalist; thinker and defender of the working class to others. His life was a constant, discussed and loved, attacked and defended action, his work was always followed with interest never went unnoticed.

He founded the "Patria" (1928-1930) newspaper in which he raised the best of their thinking and their actions developed for El Salvador had a true democracy, social, economic and political. At twenty he published his first book called pages. Performance various public office from Archivist of the biggest Accounting Office, through editor and Director of the Official Journal until Consul in Costa Rica and Belgium

Poor health, as a part of your life is spent in a wheelchair, was a strong fortress, a formidable journalist who served from vitalista view of Minimun Vital in the Labour Party Engineer Arturo

Araujo, who helped reach president of the Republic, although it came to power did not keep their word for the people.

His work

Pages (1893)

Childishness (1900)

What should we know? (Epistolary essay, 1913)

Reading and writing (sociological essay, 1915)

A life in film (1922)

Essay on the destination (1925)

The seven strings of the lyre (philosophical essay, 1926)

The damn money (moral essay, 1927)

Helios (essay, 1928)

The universal religion (essay, 1928)

The vital minimum (political-social essay, 1929)

Studies and figurations of the life of Jesus (philosophical essay, 1930)

The leafless rosebush (verses published posthumously in 1935)

Selected Prose (prose published posthumously in 1968)

Salarrué - Salarrué

(1899/10/22 - 1975/11/27)

He was born on October 22, 1899 in Sonsonate.

He published his first stories at the age of ten years in the Journal of El Salvador.

He painted with great skill and his family sent him to study with the Italian professor Spiro Rossolino. After a grant to partly Corcoran Academy Washington D.C., returning to San Salvador at the age of 20 years.

Multiple times exhibited his work in galleries and places of El Salvador, as well as Costa Rica, Guatemala, New York, New Orleans and others.

It has been considered as the greatest exponent of cuzcatleca lanarrativa.

He co-founded the new Latin American narrative stream. In his "Cuentos de Barro" and "Tales Cipotes" is the peasant world.

He also published novels, although his real mastery was in the story: it is one of the authors who have given this genre, in Central America, universal projection.

Salvador Salazar died in San Salvador on November 27, 1975.

Bibliography:

The Black Christ (1927)

The Lord of the Bubble (1927)

Or Yrakandal (1929)

Mending the Uluán (1932)

Guesses the Penumbra (1934)

That and More (1940)

Cipotes Tales (1945)

The Trammel (1954)

Sword and Other Stories (1960)

Thistledown (1969)

Íngrimo (1969)

Shadow and Other Reasons Literiarios (1969)

Thirst of Sling Bader (1971)

World Nomasito (Poetry -1975)

Miguel Ángel Espino

Miguel Ángel Espino was born on December 17, 1902 in Santa Ana and died on October 1, 1967 in Mexico. It was a remarkable writer, journalist and Salvadoran lawyer.

From an early age Miguel Ángel Espino devoted himself to writing literary and journalistic texts because he was born in a family dedicated to poetry and among which we can highlight his father Alfonso Espino and his brother Alfredo Espino.

His first work published at the age of 17 years and was known under the name of Mythology of Cuscatlán, which was from another point of view some of the legends and popular myths of El Salvador as Siguanaba and Cipitío. Its main feature in his writings narrative prose was described in a bold way.

For around 20 years he worked as a journalist in some national newspapers of the time.

Some do see the subtle differences with his brother, who despite having grown up together, Miguel was more realistic in his writings that his brother Alfredo.

The twilight of his career came in 1953 due to a stroke that prevented him to continue writing; later his family moved to Mexico where he lived the last years of his life away from his country.

Works by Michelangelo Espino

Mythology of Cuscatlán (1921)

As Cantan There (1926)

Trains (1940)

Men Against Death (1947)

Siguenza, Leon (1895-1942).

Narrator and Salvadoran politician, born in Cojutepeque (in the department of Cuscatlan) on October 31, 1895, and died in San Salvador on 27 May 1942. For the sharpness, simplicity and efficiency of his famous stories in verse, written with an attempt to censure the worst behaviors of human beings, is considered the first fabulist of Salvadoran literature.

Born into a wealthy family influential in the political, social and cultural development of the nation -very, Leon Siguenza had access from an early age to a thorough academic training, developed first in the schools of his hometown, and later in the best educational institutions of the capital of El Salvador. After completing his studies, he began a brilliant political career that soon led him to grab the scepters of alderman and temporary mayor of his native Cojutepeque, where he went on to hold the position of secretary of the Salvadoran consulate in New York (1919- 1923).

During that period of residence in the United States he began to cultivate his love of literature, for which he used the channel that afforded him the mainstream media in his native country. Indeed,

it took some American correspondents as relevant rotating as La Prensa and Diario de El Salvador, occupation spread its name in the Salvadoran cultural circles. Later, Leon Siguenza was assigned to the Secretariat of the Salvadoran consulate in Tokyo (Japan), where he covered the period from 1927 to 1931 and in a second stage, from 1934 to 1941.

Back to Central America between the two missions in Japan, he was appointed representative of the department of Cuscatlan, as a deputy in the National Assembly (1933), an institution in which he was elected chairman of the Legislative Committee on Foreign Affairs, Grace and Justice. When reoccupied the position of secretary at the consulate in Tokyo, Leon Siguenza actively involved in one of the most important episodes in the history of the Salvadoran diplomacy of the twentieth century: the recognition by the government of generalMaximiliano Hernandez Martinez, the existence of the newly proclaimed empire Manchoukuo, created by the Japanese army in the Chinese region of Manchuria. General Maximiliano Hernandez committed, with this support for Japan's invasion and immediately after recognition of its imperialist ambitions in China, international political stability of El Salvador, a fact which was further aggravated when, on December 9, 1941, broke war in the conflict zone.

Most world governments strongly condemned the Japanese imperialism, which isolated to El Salvador in its stance and assumed a unanimous censure against the Salvadoran people. Leon Siguenza was inevitably involved in the talks between the Salvadoran and Japanese governments, but the bright knew mediation efforts done in this bizarre episode allowed washing image of El Salvador to the international public opinion. Otherwise, this strange avatar of the Salvadoran foreign policy caused deep shock to all citizens of the small Central American republic, and raised a thick cloud of dust of voices and written for and against support for Japanese troops, among which lucid analysis published in book form, Dr. Ramon Lopez Jimenez.

During his long stays abroad, Leon Siguenza gave free rein to his passion for literary creation, who was able to channel into a genre hitherto never cultivated by the writers of his homeland: the satirical moral fable. Many of his writings, written in both prose and verse, they were appearing in various media worldwide, together with the numerous chronicles that sent his country as a correspondent for newspapers and magazines Salvadorans. In these fables, the writer of Cojutepeque poured his sharp poignancy against vanity, arrogance and corruption of politicians and senior officials, to extract the end a moral that just censoring generally vices and widespread deprivations in any specimen of mankind.

Installed again in El Salvador, and released from diplomatic missions, Leon Siguenza conceived the project of bringing together in one volume all these moral satirical writings; however, his sudden death, which occurred in the Salvadoran capital when the author had not yet fifty years old, prevented him from seeing print this compilation. Fortunately for the history of American letters, relatives of Leon Siguenza, aware of the illusion that the recently deceased writer had deposited in this publishing project, finished gathering their texts and given to the press before the end of the same year of his death. Thus, collected under the generic title of Fables, these writings of Leon

Siguenza saw the light posthumously to the delight of critics and readers, amid such widespread acceptance that necessitated its reissue on multiple occasions (1955, 1977, 1996 and 1998) .

BIOGRAPHY

CLAUDIA LARS

Claudia Lars, was born in Armenia, Sonsonate, El Salvador, on 20 December 1989. It is the Salvadoran writer who has achieved national recognition for its high quality and refined lyricism. He published in American Repertoire, led by those years by the Costa Rican writer Joaquín García Monge and Zig-zag, Chile. It has always placed him on par Gabriela Mistral, with whom he had close friendship, and Joan of Ibarborou. It was for many years director of the Magazine Culture, Ministry of Education. He won several awards, including include: the Fourth Centenary of the City of San Salvador, National Competition of Culture and the Floral Games of Quezaltenango.

Work published: Stars in the well, 1934; Song round, 1937; The Glass House, 1942; Romances north and south, 1946; Sonnets, 1947; City under my voice, 1947; Where they get the steps, 1953; Birds School, 1955; Fable of a truth, 1959; Land of childhood, 1958; Songs, 1960; Sunflower; Presence in time, 1962; On the angel and man, 1963; Fine dawn, 1966; Our pulsating world, 1969; Selected Works (selection of Matilde Elena López), 1973-1974; last poetry, 1975; His best poems (David Escobar Galindo selection), 1976; Complete Poetry I, II, (Selection of Carmen González Huguet), 1999.

BIOGRAPHY OSCAR ARNULFO ROMERO

Oscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdamez was born on August 15, 1917 in Ciudad Barrios, San Miguel Department. His father was a telegrapher and her mother from domestic trades.

After completing his basic studies he devoted himself to learning carpentry and music. In 1930 and at thirteen years old, Oscar received his call to serve God. He entered the minor seminary in San Miguel and then in 1937 moved to Rome where he completed his theological studies at the Gregorian University on April 4, 1942. He returned to El Salvador in 1943, to his native San Miguel and Bishop entrusted Anamorós parish, a town near San Miguel where the patron saint of El Salvador, Our Lady of Peace is worshiped.

Monsignor Oscar Arnulfo Romero

In 1966, he was appointed Secretary of the Conference of Bishops in El Salvador, which remains in office for eleven years. During this time, Oscar released hundreds of emotional and spiritual sermons through the radio across the country, earning the respect of the Catholic community. In 1970, he was appointed Bishop Oscar and exercises beside the then Archbishop of San Salvador,

Monsignor Chávez and González. He also played his office in 1974 in the parish of Santiago de Maria, in the Department of Usulutan.

On February 3, 1977, the Catholic Church in the Vatican under the command of Paul VI, granted the title of Archbishop of San Salvador, just weeks before the presidential elections that brought General Carlos Humberto Romero to the presidency of the republic. Blood, torture and persecution frame the three years he served as Bishop of San Salvador

During the civil war in this country that was beginning in 1979, Monsignor Romero became the "voice of the voiceless" and "the shepherd of the flock that God had entrusted to him" for his strong defense of the rights of the poor and marginalized. After the murder of his colleague and good friend, Father Rutilio Grande, Monsignor Romero cites the teachings of the Pope's favorite, Pius XI: "The mission of the Church is certainly not political, but when politics touches the altar, the Church He defends the altar. "this is why Monsignor intervened in the social conflict that was destroying his country and his people. Monsignor Romero turned to the words of St. Augustine and St. Thomas to justify who rises against oppressive laws. The defense of the poor was always his criteria for judging politics.

Monsignor Romero, after fighting for human rights of the poor and oppressed by the government, is assassinated by a clever kick 25 gauge straight to the heart, on March 24, 1980, while celebrating Mass in the chapel of the Hospital of Divine Providence in San Salvador.

For many, the image of Monsignor Romero is the country's largest religious symbol and, since his assassination, his legacy has crossed borders and has become a universal symbol of justice and peace. His process of beatification and canonization began on 24 March 1994 by the priest Rafael Urrutia, pastor of the same chapel where Bishop was killed. Now they know him as "The Prophet and Martyr of the Americas."

BIOGRAPHY OF PRUDENCIA AYALA

Prudencia Ayala was a woman of humble character in 1930, without any academic preparation but aware of their rights as women, challenged the political social system of his time to launch himself as a candidate for President of the Republic becoming the first woman in Salvador and Latin America to qualify for the investiture, when women were not recognized the right to enter politics.

Prudencia Ayala was born in Sonzacate, Sonsonate, on April 28, 1885; It was a Salvadoran writer and social activist, who fought for the recognition of women's rights in El Salvador. It was a feisty woman of Indian origin, that lack of economic resources failed to complete their primary education. Then he learned the trade of a seamstress, which continued to develop in parallel with other activities performed.

He also claimed that he had the ability to "hear voices" and to predict the future, because it became famous because their predictions appeared in newspapers of Santa Ana and some of them were right. Later its name would take enhancement because of her feminist approaches and the esoteric of his figure, when from 1913 began publishing opinion articles in the Journal of the West, a newspaper circulating in the western region of El Salvador.

Prudencia Ayala said in favor of anti-imperialism, feminism and the Central American unionism, and to express their rejection of the US invasion of Nicaragua. He also published poems in several newspapers.

In 1919 he was jailed for criticizing one of his columns, the mayor of Atiquizaya and then in Guatemala, was jailed for several months on charges of collaborating with planning a coup. In 1921 he published the book "Escible. Adventures of a trip to Guatemala "which chronicled his trip to that country in the last months of the dictatorship of Manuel Estrada Cabrera. He also published books "Immortal, loves Crazy" (1925) and "smoked speck" (1928). In the late 1920s, he founded and directed the female Redemption newspaper, where he expressed his stance in defense of citizens' rights of women.

In 1930, he tried to run as a candidate for the presidency of the republic, although Salvadoran law at that time did not recognize the right of women's suffrage, ie that women could not vote or could not seek public office.

Among the main points of his platform of government included:

Support for unions.

Honesty and transparency in public administration.

Limiting distribution and consumption of liquor.

Respect for freedom of religion (religions).

Recognition of "illegitimate children" (children out of wedlock).

a public legal and political debate for and against arguments began his claim. One of the supporters of his candidacy was the philosopher, teacher, writer and deputy Alberto Masferrer.

Finally, his request was rejected by the Supreme Court, but the debate that followed his attempt nomination, gave impetus to the women's movement that allowed the women's suffrage was recognized in 1939, and that the Constitution of 1950 under the approval of President Oscar Osorio, legal recognition of women's rights in El Salvador was given.

Prudencia Ayala died on July 11, 1936, out of politics, but about mass work and social movements; thus becoming the forerunner of the struggle for human rights of women the El Salvador.

General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez (1931-1944)

President of El Salvador:

He ruled as Vice President:

December 4, 1931 to August 28, 1934

As President of the Republic:

March 1, 1935 to March 1, 1939

Republic president:

March 1, 1939 to May 9, 1944

(SALVADORAN)

General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez, was born in San Matias, department of La Libertad on October 21, 1882 and was killed in Jamastrán, Honduras, on May 15, 1966.

His parents were: Don Raymundo Hernandez and Petronila Martinez, married Dona conception Monteagudo.

They were his sons, Alberto, Carmen, Hope, Navy, Eduardo, Rose, Gloria and Maximiliano.

He studied in San Salvador and after obtaining the title of Bachelor, with the help of his uncle, Ing. Guadalupe Martinez, admission to the Polytechnic School of Guatemala, where he obtained brilliantly the degree of Sub Lieutenant and returned to El Salvador when he was President of the Republic General Tomas Regalado, on his return study at the Faculty of Law and Social sciences at the National University, most do not finish the race, devote himself to the weapons where I conquer the following promotions :

Lieutenant cash, on November 17, 1903; Captain, August 23, 1906; Captain Mayor, in the year of 1906 (war with Guatemala, where General Martinez fought under the command of General Tomas Regalado); Lieutenant Colonel on May 6, 1909; Colonel on June 15, 1914 and Brigadier General, on June 27, 1919.

General Martinez served numerous positions of importance within the 1st Army and in March 1931, the Labor Party raised him as Vice President of the Republic in the elections held in the same year.

Decorations:

General Maximiliano Hernandez was awarded: Order of Quetzal;

Award: Order of Kuang Lung and the Chukuo.

He was nominated Benefactor of the Fatherland

On December 2, 1931, the President of the Republic, Ing. Arturo Araujo, was deposed by a coup and the military director who had assumed the Supreme Command, handed over the presidency to Vice President and Minister of War, Navy and aviation, General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez.

PRESIDENTIAL PERIOD

The General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez ruled El Salvador 13 years. Maximilian ruled in a period in which the world was a world economic crisis. The Salvadoran economy throughout history center in the agro-export model, the coffee kept the economy of the nation.

The agrarian elite of El Salvador, had no confidence in Arturo Araujo and led the coup which took place on December 2, 1931, this situation was common at the time, Maximilian took up the reins of the country, this decision they reported in the Zapote Barracks, Maximilian accepted. In the month of January 1932 were held municipal elections, one of the political groups (Communist Party) claimed that there had been electoral fraud in some municipalities, prepared an insurrection on January 22, 1932 in order to pressure the incoming government had no about 2 months in power. The indigenous uprising took place in the west of the country, peasants and indigenous people armed themselves with sticks and machetes and took several towns of the West, the response of the president was extreme, ordered the army to capture and kill the rebels, killing You do not have precise data on the number of people who died, but some sources mention that killed between 10,000 and 30,000 people.

The government of Maximiliano was characterized by being firm and progressive, in February 1932 declared in arrears to the State, forced the banks to extend the terms and refinance debt, by 1938 the government had already canceled the debt, Maximilian was the only President of El Salvador in its history that has not had debts in its administration. I think the (BCR) Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador, enacted the Law Moratorium, Vagrancy Act, among others.

Maximiliano to stay in power, violent the principle of political plurality, creating his own political party Pro Patria. This practice performed on 2 occasions (1934-1939) when I try a third time, the agro-industrial sector and the people, joined in a sit-down strike in 1944. Maximilian has been magnified by some and hated by others, but no one can deny that its mandate existed positive and negative things.

FARABUNDO MARTI

(Agustin Farabundo Marti; Teotepeque, h 1893 - San Salvador, 1932.) Salvadoran revolutionary. Having participated in the social struggles of the post-revolutionary period in Mexico, he collaborated in the founding of the Central American Socialist Party (Guatemala, 1925). Between 1928 and 1930 he joined forces deAugusto Cesar Sandino, who fought against US intervention in Nicaragua; soon he became a confidant of Sandino, who made him name his army colonel.

Farabundo Marti

Upon returning to El Salvador found a climate of economic and social crisis caused by the collapse of coffee prices following the crash of 1929; That was when he founded the Salvadoran Communist Party (1930).

After the military coup of 1931, which foiled the hopes of democratizing the country, Martí prepared a revolutionary action; but their plans were discovered and he stopped. Summarily tried by the military, Martí was executed and his outlawed party (1932) as part of a crackdown known as the Slaughter.

In 1980 the Communist Party of El Salvador joined with four other formations to create a guerrilla group called Frente Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), in memory of this pioneer of the socialist revolution in Central America; Front, Marxist-Leninist and supported by the Sandinista Front in Nicaragua triumphant ideology, had a long civil war against the governments of the Salvadoran oligarchy until 1992.

Since that year the peace accords that allowed their reintegration into civilian life were signed, the FMLN became a political force on the left, with wide presence in the Salvadoran Parliament.

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