GIZIAKIS-BxOUNTRI

8/9/2019 GIZIAKIS-BxOUNTRI

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Modern Maritime Piracy:

Countermeasures and Preventive Actions

by the Greek Shipping Industry

K.Giziakis, K. Bountri

Department of Maritime Studies

University of Piraeus


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Contents- Presentation structure

Part I:

Theoretica A!!roach

o Introduction

o Piracy attacks

o Causeso Pirates’ Modus Vivendi

o Anti-piracy measures

o Piracy Cost

o Piracy in West Africa

Part II:"#!erimenta Method

o Greek ShippinIndustry

o Methodo!oy ofresearch

o Study resu!ts "ffectiveness of anti-

piracy measures

Measures imp!emented #y Greek Shippin


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Part I: Theoretica A!!roach


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Introduction•

Piracy can #e traced #ack in time to the ae of maritimee$p!oration of mankind%

• Piracy definition #y the Internationa! Maritime &ureau%

• ''%((( vesse!s transit (yearly) throuh )ih *isk Areas%

• $ots!ots: Indonesia

Soma!ia

+ieria

&an!adesh

Ma!aysia

*esponsi#!e for

the ,. !o#a!!y

reported piracy

attacks


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Causes o% Piracy• Genera conditions:

/o0 economic ro0th% Poverty%

State1Governments una#!e to dea! 0ith such phenomena%

• &omaia:

Averae Soma!ian earns 23(( per year%Main #read-0innin activity4 fishin%

)o0ever5 i!!ea! fishin #y forein tra0!ers on thesea#oard reduces the fish stock%

6o$ic and chemica! dumpin off the coast of Soma!ia !eadsto the ecosystem’s disruption and fish stock erosion%


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Pirates' Modus (ivendi

• Monsoon1season-dependent “job”

7rom March unti! 8une

7rom 9cto#er to :ecem#er

• ; Mother Vessels< )ih-speed skiffs =up to 25 knots>

• "ach attackin roup is composed of 3-? persons%• Attacks take p!ace main!y in the cover of t0i!iht%

• 6heir armament inc!udes4 A!"# assault riffles

$%&!# ro'ket laun'hers

Semi!automati' eapons

$i)h &eason


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Anti-Piracy Measures• 6he necessity of "uropean participation '(. of a!!

vesse!s f!y the "uropean f!a%"U +AV79* =responsible for peration “A*A+A,*A”>Maritime Security Centre )orn of Africa = MS-.A>

• Company’s measures #efore the voyae%•

Measures upon enterin )ih-*isk Areas%• Ship’s measures4"nhanced #ride protection%Visua! contact 0ith surroundin 0aters%Increased vesse!’s speed%*a@or 0ire5 0ater spray5 foam monitor5 CC6V5 citade!5

armed or unarmed security


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&omai-*ased Piracy cost +2012

(source: Ocean beyond piracy)

€4.6 billion


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Gu% o% Guinea

• '? incidents in '(B% ,? attacks in '('%• Most of the reports seem not to #e reported%• 6he Gu!f of Guinea is a maor route for oi! tankers%• 6he pirates’ income comes from oi! theft%•

6he sto!en caro 0i!! #e so!d in the #!ack market%• Vio!ent attacks happen5 even if the ships have armed

security on them%• Poverty1Corruption1Governments’ ina#i!ity to contro!

their territory%• West Africa Governments have not 0e!comed the idea

of 0estern nava! patro!s%


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Part II: "#!erimenta Method


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The Greek &hi!!in) Industry

•st in "U5 concernin ross tonnae%

• Dth !o#a!!y5 concernin ross tonnae%

• D%(((-?%((( vesse!s transit throuh )ih *isk

Areas%• More than ' ships o0ned #y Greek Shippin

Companies have #een hiacked%


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Methodoo)y o% esearch

•B' Greek Shippin Companies 0ere asked/0ia questionnaires1

• "$aminin4 ffe'ti0eness of anti!pira'y measures1

Measures already in effe't3applied in the -ompany1

• 6he sca!e 0as4

Not

Efective

Maybe

Efective

EfectiveVery

Efective

Extremely

Efective


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Introductory "ements&ased on the resu!ts of this survey4

•

33. of the Participants had more than 3 years e$perience inthe maritime industry%

• 6he maority of the Companies have up to , vesse!s%

• EB. of the Companies o0ned #u!k carriers and another EB.

o0ned tankers%• 6he averae f!eet’s ae for the 3(. of the Companies 0as

#et0een E-( years%

• Most of the Companies had #een founded #efore ?(%

• 6he ?,. of the Participants’ vesse!s transit throuh )ih-*isk Areas =2# maritime 'ompanies>%

• E(. of them have #een su#ected of piracy attack or attempt%


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Greek &hi!!in) rates the e%%ectiveness

o% anti-!iracy measures

•

6he most e%%ective measures 0ere4 6o avoid hih risk areas% +ava! forces to destroy pirate skiffs% Armed security%

Cre0 trainin%• "%%ective measures4 *isk assessment Anti-piracy p!an at the office%

*eistration 0ith nava! forces% :esination and use of citade!% Participation of vesse! in a convoy system%


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• 6he fo!!o0in measures are considered as a )ood protection4

Vesse!’s free#oard more than ( meters%

Use of 0ater cannons%"nhanced #ride protection%

Use of ra@or1#ar#ed 0ire as a fence%

Maneuverin practices%

Increasin vesse!’s speed%




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• 6he maority reards the fo!!o0in as inadeuatemeasures4

C!osed circuit te!evision =--*V >%

&!indin 1 da@@!e 0eapons% :os on#oard%

Unarmed security%

6o enhance the Internationa! /ea! 7rame0ork%

6o assist Soma!ia in settin-up a functiona!Government%



M d i d i G k


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Measures aready a!!ied in Greek

Com!anies


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/ i i th % t t t % th


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/!inion on the %uture status o% the

situation in hi)h-risk areas


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A %e0 ast comments• Soma!i-#ased piracy attacks have sinificant!y

dro!!ed main!y due to4 Armed se'urity personnel A'ti0e military presen'e

$o0ever the threat sti e#ists.

• Piracy 0i!! #ecome e$tinct throuh internationa!assistance for the reion’s economic deve!opment andsta#i!ityF

1ot throuh dea!in 0ith ea'h individua! attackor hiack on its on #asis%


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Concusions• 6he Greek Shippin Industry appears to fu!!y imp!ement a!!

suested piracy counter-measures5 ivin priority to4

$isk assessment1

Anti!pira'y %lan prior to the 0oya4e1

Armed se'urity personnel1

• With the maority #e!ievin that the maritime piracy situation 0i!

remain the same5 their credo seems to #e4

“ Better safe than sorry”

7ood for further thouht =takin4 into 'onsideration the in'reased pira'y atta'ks in the &ulf of &uinea>4 !here does the

internationa" co##unity $ant to fight %iracy& on "and or at sea'


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