Presentacion de Estructuras 2013

7/30/2019 Presentacion de Estructuras 2013

1/101

VMDGKDC AOJCZOA MGNOGVMGKNKMGVC FM OYKCGMT

Nfuac8 Notmrkoams [ Mstrudturos Fm OvkodkgKgstrudtcr8 Huakc Mrke Dorojoa

Akdmgdko8 ?096


2/101

OBMGFO

\aogcs

Omrcgovm

Tupmrikdkms fm Dcgtrca

Iusmaohm

Notmrkoams Omrcgutkdcs

Notmrkoams Imrrcscs

Notmrkoams Gc Imrrcscs

Vkpcs fm Focs

?

4

:

6

=

9

2

0

; Dcrrcskg


3/101

Omrcgovm

?


4/101

]go omrcgovm ms duoaqukmr vm`duac dopozfm govmbor pcr ma okrm! c! mg bmgmroa! pcrao otnsimro fm ug paogmto' Tmbg

ao CODK! omrcgovm ms tcfo nqukgo qumpumfm fmspaozorsm mg ao otnsimro pcrrmoddkcgms fma okrm qum gc smog aosrmoddkcgms fma nksnc dcgtro ao supmrikdkm

fm ao tkmrro'

Omrcgovm


5/101

Mxkstmg fcs tkpcs fm omrcgovm8

Acs omrcstotcs! qum scg ns akvkogcs qum ma okrm! y smdorodtmrkzog pcr dcgtmgmr ug iaukfc bosmcsc fm nmgcrfmgskfof qum ma okrm' Mg mstm brupc sm mgdumgtrog

acs fkrkbkjams y bacjcs omrcsttkdcs'

Acs omrcfkgcs scg omrcgovms ns pmsofos qum maokrm! y scg dopodms fm bmgmror sustmgtodkg'

Ao sustmgtodkg pumfm smr bmgmrofo pcr oaos ikhos(omrcgovms fm oaos ikhos+ c rctotcrkos (omrcgovms fm oaosrctotcrkos+'

Omrcgovm


6/101

Mstm noguoa mst sujfkvkfkfc mg OVOT (mspmdkikdodkg ?


7/101

Zmporodkg

Ms fmvcavmram o ug dcnpcgmgtm susdorodtmrstkdos dcg aos qum ium

fksmofo! qum o pmrfkfc pcrfkimrmgtms msiumrzcs o acs qum `oyoskfc scnmtkfc poro fmvcavmrac o su

rmspmdtkvo iugdkg'


8/101

OZNOXCG(OKZIZONM+

Ao mstrudturo fm ug ovkg msto fkvkfkfo mstrudturoanmgtm mgdkgdc portms jskdos qum ao dcnpcgmg8

?' Iusmaohm :' \aogcs 4' Vrmg fm otmrrkzohm'6' Brupc prcpuascr =' Mnpmgohm

Mst dcgstrukfc fm ugo brog vorkmfof fm notmrkoams qum smugmg mgtrm sk pcr nmfkc fm (Tuhmtofcrms+ 8

?'\mrgcs :' Zmnod`ms 4' Vcrgkaacs 6' Jrcd`ms =''pmbogtms

y Tcafofuros' (nuy pcdos+


9/101


10/101

I]TMAOHM:


11/101

I]TMAOHM

Ma iusmaohm ms ao mstrudturo prkgdkpoa fma ovkg! y mg su iugdkg msao fm aamvor mg su kgtmrkcr! fm icrno dcgicrtojam! ao dorbo fm pobc!dcnc pcr mhmnpac acs posohmrcs! ma dorbo! ao trkpuaodkg! mtd'


12/101

Iusmaohm

Ms ma mgdorbofc fm trogsimrkr aos dorbos fmsfm y poro aos oaos! ao dcao!ma mstojkakzofcr `crkzcgtoa! ma trmg fm otmrrkzohm y acs nctcrms' Tk ofmns`ojaoncs fm iusmaohms prmsurkzofcs! sm fmjmg fm tmgmr mg dumgto aosiumrzos oxkoams y rofkoams qum sm prcfudmg mg ma iusmaohm fmjkfc o aosiumrzos fm prmsurkzodkg'


13/101

Iusmaohm

Ma iusmaohm ms ma dcghugtcprkgdkpoa oarmfmfcr fma duoasm dcgstruym ma ovkg' Aosctros ugkfofms mstrudturoamsmstg ugkfos fkrmdto m

kgfkrmdtonmgtm o mstmdcghugtc' Mg acs ovkcgms fmug scac nctcr! ma iusmaohmoacho oa brupc nctcr! mapmrscgoa y ao dorbo' Mg acsovkcgms fm vorkcs nctcrms!

acs brupcs nctcrms! smoachog mg dcnportknkmgtcsaaonofcs jorqukaaos qummstg dcgstrukfos fmgtrc csuspmgfkfos fma oao'


14/101

Iusmaohm

Mg ao dcgstruddkg fmiusmaohms! acs nonporcs! acsogkaacs vmrtkdoams rmicrzofcssm mnpamog poro for icrno y

iumrzo fm dcrtm trogsvmrsoa'Acs nkmnjrcs acgbktufkgoamsaaonofcs aorbumrcs scgoofkfcs poro for iumrzo yicrno' Acs aorbumrcsacgbktufkgoams dcnjkgofcs

dcg acs aorbumrkaacs icrnog madknkmgtc oa duoa sm ugm marmvmstknkmgtc'


15/101

Iusmaohm

Acs nonporcs! acsjostkfcrms y aos dcstkaaosioasos scg acs nkmnjrcsns pmsofcs y oofmg

iumrzo oa iusmaohm' Tk smrmqukmrm prmskcgor dkmrtoormo ms ug nkmnjrcpmsofc! y mg nud`csdoscs sm mxtkmgfm o tcfc

ma aorbc fma iusmaohm5 acsaorbumrkaacs scgnkmnjrcs ns pmqumcsy ns akvkogcs'


16/101

Vkpcs fm Iusmaohms

Fm mstrudturo Zmtkduaor cVujuaor

Fm mstrudturo Ncgcdcqum

Fm mstrudturo Tmnk.ncgcdcqum


17/101

Mstrudturo Zmtkduaor c Vujuaor

Ao mstrudturo Zmtkduaorc Vujuaor dcgskstm mgug dcghugtc fm tujcsscafofcs qum icrnog

ugo noaao (nmfkogtmtrkgbuacs+ dcg aoicrno fm ao mstrudturofma ovkg'

\cstmrkcrnmgtm smdujrm mg oabugosportms nmfkogtm ugopkma fm oaunkgkc akbmrc

c dcg tmaos mspmdkoams'


18/101

Mstrudturo Ncgcdcqum

Ao mstrudturoNcgcdcqum ms ugdcghugtc fmduofmrgos kgtmrgos

rcfmofos pcr ugopkma nmtakdo' Vcfosaos dorbos scg

scpcrtofos pcr aopkma! y aos duofmrgosfog rkbkfmz o ao

mstrudturo'


19/101

Mstrudturo Tmnk.Ncgcdcqum

Ao mstrudturo Tmnk.ncgcdcqum ms ugo mstrudturoNcgcdcqum rmicrzofo' \csmmaos duofmrgos kgtmrkcrms y aopkma dcnc ao Ncgcdcqum! pmrcoofm dcnc rmiumrzc ug

dcghugtc fm aorbumrcs yaorbumrkaacs qum sm opcyog mgaos duofmrgos y qumprcpcrdkcgog ugo noycrrkbkfmz'

Tm uso mg ao noycro fm acsovkcgms brogfms! mg acs qumaos dorbos scgsuikdkmgtmnmgtm mamvofosdcnc poro qum ao mstrudturoNcgcdcqum gc smo dopoz fm

scpcrtoraos dcrrmdtonmgtm'


20/101

Nonporc

Mg acs ovkcgms prmsurkzofcs mxkstmg fcs nonporcs aaonofcs fmprmskg qum fog prkgdkpkc y ikg oa iusmaohm y mg acs ncgcnctcr mstma nonporc dcrto iumbc poro smporor ao dojkgo fm ao paogto fmpcfmr'

Acs iusmaohms sm `odmg fm vorkos smddkcgms' Acs ovkcgms pmqumcstkmgmg : 4 y acs brogfms ovkcgms dcnmrdkoams pumfmg tmgmr `osto9'

Ao dcgstruddkg fma iusmaohm sm iodkakto dcg acs nonporcs'

Vkmgm gunmrcsos pumrtos! topos fm kgspmddkg c smrvkdkc poroiodkaktor ma trojohc fm nogtmgknkmgtc'


21/101

Nonporc


22/101

Fcujamrs

ZMI]MZXCT FM AO \KMA (FC]JAMZT+8Mstcs rmiumrzcs sm dcacdog o ugo fkstogdkoprmfmtmrnkgofo mgtrm dofo ugc fm maacs o acaorbc y ogd`c fm tcfc ma iusmaohm! pcr ma aofc

kgtmrkcr fm ao pkma! icrnogfc ugo rmtduao ioka soimacgbktufkgoa y dkrduaor'Vonjkg sm ams dcgcdm dcnc tmor c drodestcppmrs! fmjkfc o qum aknktorog duoaqukmrrohofuro fma rmvmstknkmgtc'Ao smporodkg mgtrm maacs ms fm ?< puabofos'


23/101

Fcujamrs


24/101

\AOGCT4


25/101

Rkgbs

Tcg ma mamnmgtc prkncrfkoa fm duoaqukmr omrcgovm! mg maaos ms fcgfm smcrkbkgog aos iumrzos qum `odmg pcskjam ma vumac'

Ma fksmc fmpmgfmr fm nud`cs iodtcrms toams dcnc ma usc! ma pmsc ytonoc fma ovkg5 ao vmacdkfof fmsmofo mg vumac y mg ma otmrrkzohm! y rozgfm osdmgsc mstknofo'

Mg ao ovkodkg dcnmrdkoa ao noycro fm aos oaos scg fma tkpc dogtkavmr' Mgao ovkodkg bmgmroa sm mgdumgtrog ovkcgms qum usog oabg tkpc fm scpcrtm(JZODKGB+ poro ma oao! ma qum aamvor portm fm aos dorbos omrcfkgnkdos yaos fma otmrrkzohm'

Mg su dcgstruddkg sm utkakzog oamodkcgms fm Oa y Nb' !mg ao odtuoakfof yosm mstg mnpamogfc notmrkoams dcnpumstcs y pumfm qum smo ao tgkdo mgma iuturc'


26/101

Vmrnkgcacbo Bmgmroa fm acs MamnmgtcsFma \aogc


27/101

Vmrnkgcacbo Bmgmroa fm acs MamnmgtcsFma \aogc


28/101

Rkgbs

\mrika8 ms ao icrno fm ao smddkg fma paogc'Jcrfm fm otoqum8 ms ma jcrfm fmaogtmrc fma paogc! ms ao portm qum prknmrctcno dcgtodtc dcg ma iauhc fm okrm'

Jcrfm fm soakfo8 ms ma jcrfm pcstmrkcr fma paogc! portm pcr fcgfm ma iauhcfm okrm qum o skfc pmrturjofc pcr ma paogc rmtcrgo o ao dcrrkmgtm akjrm'

Mxtrofs8 portm supmrkcr fma paogc dcnprmgfkfo mgtrm acs jcrfms fmotoqum y soakfo'

Kgtrofs8 portm kgimrkcr fma paogc dcnprmgfkfo mgtrm acs jcrfms fm otoqumy soakfo'

Mspmscr8 fkstogdko nxkno mgtrm ma mxtrofs y ma kgtrofs'

Dumrfo8 Ms ao agmo rmdto knobkgorko trozofo mgtrm acs jcrfms fm otoqum yfm soakfo fm dofo pmrika'


29/101

Rkgbs

Dumrfo nmfko8 ms ao rmaodkg mgtrm tcfos aos dumrfos fm acs pmrikams fmapaogc! yo qum acs pmrikams fma paogc vog fksnkguymgfc o nmfkfo qum smoamhog fm ao roz fm paogc'

Agmo fma :=- fm ao dumrfo8 Agmo knobkgorko qum sm cjtmgfro oa ugkrtcfcs acs pugtcs sktuofcs o ugo fkstogdko fma :=- fm ao acgbktuf fm ao

dumrfo fm dofo pmrika! fkstogdko nmfkfo dcnmgzogfc pcr ma Jcrfm fmotoqum'

Durvoturo8 ms ao durvoturo fma jcrfm fm otoqum y fm soakfo mg acs kgtrofsy mxtrofs'

Tupmrikdkm oaor8 Tupmrikdkm tctoa dcrrmspcgfkmgtm o acs paogcs'

Mgvmrbofuro8 Fkstogdko mgtrm acs fcs mxtrmncs fma oao'

Oaorbonkmgtc8 dcdkmgtm mgtrm ao mgvmrbofuro y ao dumrfo nmfko fma paogc!mstm fotc oimdto o ao rmskstmgdko kgfudkfo fm icrno qum o noycr

oaorbonkmgtc nmgcr rmskstmgdko kgfudkfo'

\AOGC DOGVKAMYMZ


30/101

\AOGC DOGVKAMYMZ(I]AA DOGVKAMYMZ+

Ms ug tkpc fm dcgstruddkg mg ma duoa acs paogcs pcsmmgtcfcs sus rmiumrzcs mg ao portm kgtmrgo mg ao roz fmapaogc! fmrkvogfc tcfc ma msiumrzc mg ao mstrudturokgtmrgo y su rmvmstknkmgtc (ankgo+'


31/101

\AOGC TMNKDOGVKAMYMZ

Ms ug tkpc fm paogc qum pcsmm rmiumrzcs mxtmrgcs acs duoamsscg acs qum am oyufog o scpcrtor acs paogcs! pcr nmfkc fmtmgscrms y vorkaaos' \aogc usofc jskdonmgtm mg omrcgovmsakvkogos dcg rmvmstknkmgtc fm tmao'

GCVO8 sm uso mg omrcgovms fm vumac amgtc pcr qum acstmgscrms y vorkaaos cirmdmg nud`o rmskstmgdko oa ovogdm fm aoomrcgovm'


32/101

\AOGC MPVMZGOAA[ JZODMF

Mstm tkpc fm dcgstruddkg prmsmgto fcs paogcs ytcfcs acs mamnmgtcs fm suhmdkg sm mgdumgtrogmxtmrgcs'


33/101

Ogbuac Iamdò

gbuac qum icrnog aos oaos(ns dcgdrmtonmgtm ao agmofma :=- fm ao dumrfo+rmspmdtc fma mhm trogsvmrsoa fmaovkg'Ao iamdò pcsktkvo (mxtrmncs fm aos oaos crkmgtofcsòdko otrs rmspmdtc o ao roz fma paogc+!gmutro acspaogcs gkvmaofcs y gmbotkvo(mxtrmncs ofmaogtofcs+'

GM]VZO

GMBOVKYO

\CTKVKYO


34/101

Ogbuac Fkmfrc

Ykstc ma ovkg fm irmgtm! gbuac mg icrno fm*Y* qum icrnog acs paogcs dcg rmspmdtc oa`crkzcgtm' Ma gbuac fkmfrc pumfm smr pcsktkvc!gmutrc! c gmbotkvc'


35/101

Icrno fm \aogcs

Aos oaos pumfmg tmgmr aos icrnos ns vorkofos8 mstrmd`gfcsm òdkoacs mxtrmncs (topmrmf+ c rmdto (strokb`t+! mg ao portm fma jcrfm fm otoqum(amofkgb+ c fma jcrfm fm soakfo (trokakgb+! c duoaqukmr dcnjkgodkg fm mstos5mg icrno fm fmato! mg iamdò! mtd'

Tk ao vmacdkfof ms ma iodtcr prkgdkpoa! ug oao *topmrmf* ms ns mikdkmgtmqum ugo rmdtogbuaor (strokb`t+ pcrqum prcfudm nmgcs rmskstmgdko5 pmrc ugoao *topmrmf* tkmgm pmcrms dorodtmrstkdos mg ao prfkfo soavc qumtmgbo tcrskg (gbuac fm kgdkfmgdko fmdrmdkmgtm òdko ma jcrfm fma oao+'


36/101

Dcnpcskdkg fm \aogcs

Kgtmrgonmgtm mst dcnpumsto pcr vkbos! fmaogtmro y trosmro! yaorbumrkaacs'onjcs mstg o ac aorbc fm maao! dcstkaaos! qum am fog su icrnodcnjofo! sm ujkdog o ac ogd`c fma oao'

Furogtm ao cpmrodkg fma ovkg aos dorbos scg opakdofos !kgkdkoanmgtm mg ma rmdujrknkmgtc! aumbc mg aos dcstkaaos y ikgoanmgtmmg aos vkbos' Aos vkbos ofmns scpcrtog aos dorbos prcvmgkmgtmsfma iusmaohm! trmg fm otmrrkzohm y nctcrms! duogfc mstcs vog mg maoao'

Dcnpcgmgtms \rkgdkpoams Dcnpcgmgtms Tmdugforkcs. Aorbumrc (spor+ . Aorbumrkaac (strkgbmr+.Dcstkaaos . Dcstkaaos ioasos. Zmvmstknkmgtc . Zmiumrzcs. @mrrohms


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39/101

T\OZTTcg acs dcnpcgmgtms prkgdkpoams fma oao y vog kgstoaofos o ac aorbcfma mhm acgbktufkgoa odcpagfcsm oa iusmaohm c o ao doho fm tcrskgoaor pcr nmfkc fm `mrrohms! vkbos c oabg ctrc tkpc fm ugkg'

Duogfc ctrc dcnpcgmgtm fm ma oao ms scnmtkfc o dorbo! posor oao vkbo ao noycro fm maao'

Mxkstm ao vkbo fmaogtmro y ao vkbo trosmro! qum pcr rmbao bmgmroa! smujkdo o :#4 fm ao fkstogdko `odko ma jcrfm fm iubo'

Iumrcg dcgstrukfcs fm nofmro y `cy mg fo sm noguiodturog fm

nmtoa' Ao icrno noycrnmgtm cdupofo ms ao vkbo (K.jmon+! pcrqumpmrnktm mg onjcs mxtrmncs! fm ao K! oikogzor nuy jkmg marmdujrknkmgtc'

Ma notmrkoa ns usofc poro su iojrkdodkg! odtuoanmgtm! scg

oamodkcgms fm oaunkgkc'


40/101

T\OZ KG V@M RKGBT

Mxkstmg trms tkpcs fm dcgstruddkg fm oaos8 fm ugo scao vkbo (ncgcspor+prdtkdonmgtm mg fmsusc! nuatkvkbos (nuatkspor+ y ao doho mgvkbofo (jcxjmon+ mg ao duoa acs aorbumrkaacs pumfmg smr rmmnpaozofcs pcrrmdujrknkmgtc dcrrubofc'

Vonjkg sm pumfmg dcnjkgor poro nmhcror ao rmskstmgdko o ao tmgskg y

dcnprmskg'

Mg mstm atknc tkpc fm dcgstruddkg sm pumfmg kgstoaor jcasos (jaoffmrs+poro oanodmgor dcnjustkjam y sk sm `odm ug jumg smaaofc kgtmrkcr ma oao smtrogsicrno mg mstogqum fm dcnjustkjam'

Ao pugto fma oao sm pumfm rmncvmr fm maao! scatogfc oabugcs tcrgkaacs'

Mg ma oao sm uso ma notmrkoa dcgcdkfc dcnc @CGM[DCNJ! mg zcgos fmnmgcs dorbos y dcgtrcams fm vumac'


41/101

T\OZTMa tkpc fm vkbo (jmon+ usofc sm fmgcnkgo o prumjo fm ioaao (iokasoim+'

Mstc skbgkikdo8 sk ug dcnpcgmgtm fm ugo mstrudturo dcnpamho ioaao!oabg ctrc dcnpcgmgtm fm mso mstrudturo ojscrjmr ao dorbo fmadcnpcgmgtm fmjkaktofc'

Mg ao ikburo qum vkmgm o dcgtkguodkg sm vm ugo vkbo fm aosdorodtmrstkdos nmgdkcgofos'

Ao portm supmrkcr (dop+ vo rmnod`ofo oa tronofc (wmj+ fm ao vkbo

supmrkcr! ao portm kgimrkcr ms ugo pkmzo mxtrukfo! dcg su dop y wmjfm ao vkbo kgimrkcr'

Mstos fcs pkmzos scg mnpoanofos poro icrnor ao YKBO' Tk ugosmddkg sm fmjkakto! ao ctro smddkg pcfr ojscrjmr ao ioaao'


42/101

T\OZT

Vkpcs fm Tmddkg


43/101

Vkpcs fm Tmddkgfm T\OZT

TMDDKCG ZMDVOGB]AOZ8 Msnodkzc! mdcgnkdc y smgdkaac'

TMDDKCG MG V8 Ms ugo smddkgqum pcsmm ugo paotojogfo

supmrkcr y ugo kgimrkcr ugkfosnmfkogtm ugo podo c oano'

TMDDKCG MG DOGOA8 ms ugosmddkg qum scpcrto nmhcr acsmsiumrzcs! pmrc ms nuy kgmstojamjohc msiumrzcs fm dcrtm! scac msusofc dcnc aorbumrc ouxkakor '

Vkpcs fm Tmddkg


44/101

Vkpcs fm Tmddkgfm T\OZT

TMDDKCG MG FCJAM V8 Ms ugtkpc fm smddkg dcg jumgormskstmgdko o ao iamxkg yms nuyakvkogo'

TMDDKCG MG V DCN\]MTVO8Ms ug tkpc fm smddkg dcnpumstopcr ugo paotojogfo supmrkcr y ugokgimrkcr fma nksnc notmrkoa! ugkfosnmfkogtm ugo paodo c oano fmfkimrmgtm notmrkoa y msto ikho oaospaotojogfos pcr nmfkc fmrmnod`ms'

ZKJT


45/101

ZKJTAos dcstkaaos vog fmsfm ma jcrfm fm otoqum `osto ma jcrfm fm iubofm ao supmrikdkm' Oaos! oamrcgms! mamvofcrms! tkncgms fm fkrmddkg yprciugfkfof! mstojkakzofcrms'

Duogfc ma oao ms `nmfo! aos dcstkaaos aamvog crkikdkcs poro pmrnktkrma ncvknkmgtc! dcgtrcaofc! fma dcnjustkjam' Vonjkg ao ikgoakfof fmmstcs obuhmrcs ms rmstor pmsc'

I]GDKCGMT8

Nogtmgmr ao icrno fm ao smddkg

Fkiugfkr aos dorbos dcgdmgtrofos! mg icrno fm dorbo fkstrkjukfo oacs mamnmgtcs ofyodmgtms'

Fksnkgukr ao acgbktuf mimdtkvo fm acs aorbumrkaacs'

ZKJT


46/101

ZKJT

\ortms fm ugo dcstkaao Vkpcs fm dcstkaao

. Gmrvkc supmrkcr . Dcstkaao fm dcnprmskg

. Gmrvkc kgimrkcr . Dcstkaaos ioasos. Dcstkaaos dcnugms. Dcstkaaos nomstros

Dcstkaaos nomstros8

Tcg aos mgdorbofos fm nogtmgmr smporofcs acsaorbumrcs y prcpcrdkcgor rkbkfmz'

ZKJ


47/101

ZKJ

TEKG


48/101

TEKG

Tu iugdkg prkgdkpoa ms ao fm for y nogtmgmr aoicrno omrcfkgnkdo fma paogc dcgtrkjuymgfc oao rmskstmgdko mstrudturoa'

Mxkstmg fcs tkpcs qum scg8

Gc rmskstmgtm c poskvc Utmao c skgttkdc^

Zmskstmgtm c odtkvc UNmtakdcs^

Y j a k


49/101

Ycdojuaorkc

@MZZOBMT8 (IKVVKGB+ Tcg dcnpcgmgtms fm nmtoa mnpamofcs poro ugkrfmtmrnkgofos smddkcgms fma oao! fm su daduac fmpmgfm jumgo portm aormskstmgdko fma oao dcnc ac scg aos rmskstmgdkos msiumrzcs vkjrodkcgms yfmiamxkcgms'

AOZB]MZKAACT 8 (MTVZKGBMZ+ Tcg nkmnjrcs acgbktufkgoams fm

aos oaos o ac aorbc fm aos nksnos qum trogsnktmg ao dorbo scpcrtofo pcr marmdujrknkmgtc y aos dcstkaaos fma oao'

\AODO C OANO8 (RMF+ Ms ugo paodo fmabofo scpcrtofo qumprcpcrdkcgo rkbkfmz o ao mstrudturo fm acs msiumrzcs fm fmicrnodkgvmrtkdoa y `crkzcgtoa'

DOZBO FM VCZ_]M8 Ms ao mgdorbofo fm nogtmgmr mg su aubor aosdcstkaaos fma paogc'

CZKIKDKCT OAKJKOGOFCZMT8 Tcg crkikdkcs `md`csporo fksnkgukr ma pmsc fma paogc c mstrudturo'


50/101

T]\MZIKDKMT FMDCGVZCA6

T]\MZIKDKMT FM DCGVZCA


51/101

T]\MZIKDKMT FM DCGVZCAC NOGFC

Aos supmrikdkms fm dcgtrca y nogfc ncfkikdog aoomrcfkgnkdo fma ovkg prcvcdogfc ug fmsmqukakjrkc fmiumrzos! ugo c ns fm maaos donjkog fm nobgktuf'

Mstm fmsmqukakjrkc ! ms ac qum `odm qum ma ovkg smnumvo scjrm ugc c ns fm sus mhms !kgdrmnmgtm aosustmgtodkg! c ounmgtm ao rmskstmgdko'

GCVO8 Tm am fmgcnkgog supmrikdkms omrcfkgnkdos!prknorkos o aos qum prcpcrdkcgog dcgtrca fm ao omrcgovmy smdugforkos o aos qum ncfkikdog ao sustmgtodkg'

T]\MZIKDKMT \ZKNOZKOT


52/101

T]\MZIKDKMT \ZKNOZKOT

Tcg supmrikdkms omrcfkgnkdos ncvkjams qum! oddkcgofos pcr ma pkactco trovs fm acs nogfcs fm ao dojkgo! ncfkikdog ao troymdtcrko fma ovkgprcvcdogfc ma fmspaozonkmgtc fm mstm scjrm sus mhms y fm msto nogmro masmbuknkmgtc fm ao troymdtcrko fm vumac fmsmofo'

Aos supmrikdkms fm dcgtrca scg trms8

?' Oamrcgms:' Vkng fm prciugfkfof (mamvofcr+4' Vkng fm fkrmddkg (ruffmr+

GCVO8 Acs nmdogksncs usofcs poro ma ncvknkmgtc fm aos supmrikdkms

prknorkos mg omrcgovms pmqumos scg pcr nmfkc fm8?' Buoyos:' Dofmgos4' \kcgms6' Vujcs=' \camos ( iojrkdofos dcg ug notmrkoa aaonofc joqumakto! `kmrrc+

T]\MZIKDKMT TMD]GFOZKOT


53/101

T]\MZIKDKMT TMD]GFOZKOT

Aos supmrikdkms smdugforkos sm utkakzog mg bmgmroa poro ncfkikdor aosustmgtodkg fma ovkg y òdmr ns idkams nudòs nogkcjros'

Aos supmrikdkms smdugforkos scg8

?' Iaops

:' Taots4' Tpckamrs c omrc.irmgcs'

GCVO8 Vcfos mstos supmrikdkms (prknorkos y smdugforkos+ sm numvmgpcr nmfkcs madtrkdcs m `kfruakdcs c smrvcs'

Ao rozg ms cjvko5 pcr ma tonoc fm ao mgvmrbofuro òdm qum aossupmrikdkms fm dcgtrca smog noycrms y ns fkidkams fm nogmhor dcg acsnogfcs fm dcgtrca noguoa! poro rmfudkr ma msiumrzc iskdc'

IAO\T


54/101

IAO\T

Acs iaops scg fkspcsktkvcs `kpmrsustmgtofcrms! duyo iugdkg ms ao fmounmgtorao sustmgtodkg fma ovkg duogfc mstm vumao o vmacdkfofmskgimrkcrms o oqumaaos poro aos duoams sm ò fksmofc ma oao'Acs iaops gkdonmgtm fmjmg mnpamorsm mg aos nogkcjros fm fmspmbum!oprcxknodkg y otmrrkzohm! c mg duoaqukmr ctro dkrdugstogdko mg ao qum smogmdmsorkc vcaor o vmacdkfofms ns johos qum dcg ma ovkg *aknpkc*'

GCVO8 Mg bmgmroa! fm iamxkcgms fm iaops fm òsto ugcs ?= ounmgtog aosustmgtodkg dcg pcdo rmskstmgdko ofkdkcgoa! pmrc fmiamxkcgms noycrmskgdrmnmgtog ao rmskstmgdko mg noycr prcpcrdkg qum ao sustmgtodkg'

.Ounmgtc fm ao rmskstmgdko'

.Ounmgtc fm ao sustmgtodkg'

.\cskjkakfof fm vcaor o vmacdkfofms nos johos skg mgtror mg pmrfkfo'

.Drmog ugo tmgfmgdko o pkdor'

. Ao smgfo fm oprcxknodkg sm òdm ns prcgugdkofo'

Y k Vk f IAO\T


55/101

Yorkcs Vkpcs fm IAO\T

Tmgdkaac8 Ms ma ns utkakzofcmg ovkodkg akbmro' Ms ugopcrdkg fm ao portm pcstmrkcrfma oao'

Fm kgtrofs8 Tktuofc mg ao

portm kgimrkcr fma oao (kgtrofs+su mimdtc ms nmgcr fofc qumscac oimdto o ao durvoturo fmakgtrofs'

Xop8 Tknkaor oa fm kgtrofs! oa

fmiamdtorsm sm fmspaozo `odkoma mxtrmnc fma oao! ounmgtogfcao supmrikdkm fma oao ofmns fmao durvoturo'

Y k Vk f IAO\T


56/101

Yorkcs Vkpcs fm IAO\T

Icwamr8Kfgtkdc oa iaops zop!sm fmspaozo tctoanmgtm `osto ma

mxtrmnc fma oao! ounmgtogfcmgcrnmnmgtm ao durvoturo y aosupmrikdkm oaor'

Zogurofc8 Tm fkstkgbum fm acsogtmrkcrms! mg qum oa smrfmiamdtofc fmho ugo c nsroguros qum dcnugkdog makgtrofs y ma mxtrofs!prcfudkmgfc ugo brog durvoturoo ao vmz qum drmo ugo dcrrkmgtm

fm okrm qum maknkgo ao rmskstmgdkofm ctrcs tkpcs fm iaops'

Erumbmr8 Dcnc acs ogtmrkcrms!pmrc sktuofc mg ma jcrfm fmotoqum mg vmz fma jcrfm fm

soakfo'

T\CKAMZT


57/101

T\CKAMZT

Oa dcgtrorkc qum acs ogtmrkcrms! ma cjhmtkvc fm mstosupmrikdkm ms fksnkgukr ao sustmgtodkg fma ovkg'

Tm mnpamog scjrm tcfc mg rmodtcrms qum

fmsorrcaaog oatos vmacdkfofms y skrvmg poro irmgorma ovkg mg vumac! pmrfmr vmacdkfof y iodkaktor maotmrrkzohm! oyufor o irmgor mg tkmrro! y mg oabugcsovkcgms dcnc dcnpamnmgtc fm acs oamrcgms poro

ma dcgtrca aotmroa y acs vkrohms mg vumac'

T\CKAMZT


58/101

T\CKAMZT

NOGFCT


59/101

NOGFCT

DOJAMT FM DCGVZCA


60/101

FM T]\MZIKDKMT

Tcg iojrkdofos fm odmrc oa dorjcgc dcg oamodkcgms qum acs `odmg ns

rmskstmgtms o acs msiumrzcs y o ao dcrrcskg mstg dcgstktukfcsjskdonmgtm pcr8

?' Dcrm8 gdamc:' Ttrogfs8 dcrfcgms nmtakdc4' Rkrms8 dojams

VK\CT

?' VRZD8 dojams fm dcgtrcams kgfmpmgfkmgtms:' RKZM TVZOGF8 dojams fm dcrfcgms nmtakdcs

4' IKYMZ8 ikjros fm gudam skgttkdc

GCVO8 Acs dojams vorog mg ug fknmtrc fmsfm8 4#0 o 4#?9 cdtovcs fmpuabofo! acs fknmtrcs mstg josofcs mg ma gnmrc fm dcrfcgmsnmtakdcs y ma gnmrc fm `kacs c dojams mg ma dcrfg' Ao `mrronkmgtousofo poro nmfkr ma doakjrm fma dcrfg ms ma (\KM FM ZM[+

DOJAMT FM DCGVZCA


61/101

FM T]\MZIKDKMT

\oro tcnor ma fknmtrcdcrrmdtc fma dcrfg8

Tm dcacdo ma pkm fm rmyrmvksogfc qum sussupmrikdkms mstg

tcdogfc ug scacdcrfg nmtakdc fm dofoaofc poro tcnor aonmfkfo mxodto fmafknmtrc'

GCVO8 Ma fknmtrc fm acsdojams 2x?; ms fm8 (?#0+!(=#4:+! (2#4:+

Ma fknmtrc fm acs dojams2x2 ms fm8 (?#?9+! (4#4:+

KGT\MDDKCGMT


62/101

FM ACT DOJAMT

Ao kgspmddkg fm acs dojams sm rmoakzo posogfc pcr ao supmrikdkm fma nksnc ug

tropc c nmfko vmaofo! poro fmtmdtor sk sm `og prmsmgtofc rupturos fm `kacs'\umstc qum oa posor ma tropc mstm qumfor mgrmfofc mg ma `kac rctc'

GCVO8

Ma rmmnpaozc fm ug dojam scac sm rmoakzo sk ma nksnc sm mgdumgtro yo mg ugos

dcgfkdkcgms fm fmsbotm supmrkcr oa =


63/101

Tkstmnos fm ]jkdodkg

Acs iojrkdogtms usog oabg tkpc fm nmfkfos poro ujkdor acs fkstkgtcsdcnpcgmgtms fma omrcpaogc'

Mg bmgmroa sm ams fmgcnkgo mstodkcgms' Os mgdcgtroncs mstodkcgms fm8iusmaohm! oaos! mstojkakzofcrms! dcgtrcams fm vumac y godmams fm nctcr'Noycr kgicrnodkg mgdumgtrog mg ma ONN OVO9 fknmgskcgs ) ormos

dcrrmspcgfkmgtm oa ovkg mg qum voyog o trojohor'

Iusmaobm stotkcg (IT+8 Tm gunmrog! mg puabofos! fmsfm ugo rmimrmgdko(fotun+ ao duoa ms ug paogc vmrtkdoa! knobkgorkc! mg ao gorkz fma ovkg c mgoabg pugtc fmaogtm fm maao y sm nkfm `crkzcgtoanmgtm `odko ao dcao'

Juttcde akgm (JA+8 Tm ujkdog! o ao fmrmd`o c o ao kzqukmrfo! mg poroamac oao agmo vmrtkdoa dmgtroa'


64/101


65/101



66/101


Rotmr akgm (RT+8 Ms ao oaturo mg puabofos! pmrpmgfkduaor o ug paogc`crkzcgtoa! sktc johc ao portm ns kgimrkcr fma iusmaohm'

Okamrcg stotkcg (OT+8 Tm nkfm òdko ao pugto fma oao! poroamac o sujcrfm kgtmrkcr y pmrpmgfkduaor o ao vkbo trosmro fma oao'

Iaop stotkcg (IT+8 ]jkdofo pmrpmgfkduaornmgtm o ao vkbo trosmro fma oaoy poroamac! òdko ma mxtrmnc fma oao! oa jcrfm kgtmrgc fma iaop'

Godmaam stotkcg (GT+8 Tm nkfm o portkr fm ao vkbo fmaogtmro c trosmro fmaoao y pmrpmgfkduaor o ugo agmo fm iactodkg'

Rkgb stotkcg (RT+8 Ao mstodkg dmrc msto ujkdofo mg ao agmo dmgtroafma iusmaohm (JA+ y vog mg kgdrmnmgtcs fm ugo puabofo òdko ma mxtrmncfma oao'


67/101



68/101


Okrjus y Jcmkgb (292+ fkvkfm sus ovkcgms mg zcgos ysuj.zcgos'

Aos zcgos scg8 iusmaohm kgimrkcr ?:

\OZO ZM\OZODKCGMT MTVZ]DV]ZOAMT [NOGVMGKNKMGVC



69/101



70/101

NOVMZKOAMT

OMZCG]VKDCT=

MTI]MZXCT MTVZ]DV]ZOAMT


71/101


Mg ma fksmc fm ug ovkg! dofo dcnpcgmgtm sm fmjm dcgskfmror mgrmaodkg o aos dorodtmrstkdos iskdos fma notmrkoa qum ac dcgicrno'

Dofo portm fma ovkg fmjm scpcrtor ao dorbo poro ao duoa ium paogkikdofo!mstc sm dcgcdm dcnc ogaksks fm msiumrzc' Kgfufojamnmgtm mstc gc msiugdkg fma tdgkdc fm nogtmgknkmgtc! pmrc gc ms nmgcs dkmrtc fm qum

fmjm mstor oa togtc fm acs msiumrzcs qum cdurrmg mg ma omrcpaogc' Os smmvktor qum sm `obog donjkcs c rmporodkcgms kgdcrrmdtos mg ma fksmccrkbkgoa' Nkmgtros sm skbog acs poscs fofcs pcr ma noguoa fmnogtmgknkmgtc hons sm tmgfrg prcjamnos'

Duoaqukmr rmporodkg mstrudturoa sm fmjm dmkr oa noguoa fm rmporodkcgms

mstrudturoams fma ovkg'

Acs msiumrzcs qum mgdcgtroncs mg ma omrcpaogc scg dkgdc8 Vroddkg!Dcnprmskg! Mi' Dcrtm! Iamxkg! Vcrskg! Msiumrzcs fm dcgtodtc'



72/101




73/101




74/101




75/101




76/101


Iumrzos fm Dcgtodtc


77/101

Iumrzos fm Dcgtodtc

Opormdmg mg aos supmrikdkms mg dcgtodtc fm aos pkmzos trogsnktkmgfc acsmsiumrzcs fm ugo pkmzo o ctro! scg nuy knpcrtogtms mg ma daduac fm aosomrcgovms y rmporodkcgms mstrudturoams'

GCVO8 Ao omrcgovm mg tkmrro pcr oddkg fm ao brovmfof oa mstor qukmto!(porqumofo+ acs msiumrzcs qum odtog scjrm maao sm kgvkmrtmg' Mxdmptc ma

msiumrzc fm dcrtm'

\rcpkmfofms Fm


78/101

Acs Notmrkoams

F]ZMXO8 Ms ao dopodkfof qum tkmgm ug notmrkoa poro rmskstkr ao ojroskg! pmgmtrodkg!

dcrtm y fmicrnodkg! Tm nkfm nmfkogtm prcdmscs fm mgsoyc'

GCVO 8 Furmzo (JZKGMAA+8 Tm mnpamo mg MurcpoFurmzo (ZCDERMAA+8 Tm mnpamo mg acs MM']]

IZOBKAKFOF8 Tm fkdm qum ug notmrkoa ms irbka duogfc aambo o ao rupturo! dcg nuypcdo c guao fmicrnodkg'

MHMN\AC8 Ma vkfrkc gc tkmgm fmicrnodkg! sm rcnpm skg fmicrnorsm

GCVO8 Mg ao ovkodkg! mg ao portm mstrudturoa fm ao omrcgovm gc `oy notmrkoa ms qumprmsmgtmg ugo irobkakfof dcnc ao fma vkfrkc' Gc pcrqum ugo pkmzo smo irbka skbgkikdo qumgc smo iumrtm'

OJZOTKG8 Ms ma prcdmsc pcr ma duoa sm fmsbosto ug notmrkoa dcg ctrc'

NOAMOJKAKFOF8 Ms ao dopodkfof cpumsto o ao irobkakfof! ms fmdkr ug notmrkoa qum smms noamojam! pmrnktm ugo jumgo iojrkdodkg fm aos pkmzos! fofc qum sm fmho ncafmorskg aambor o ao rupturo (ankgos'+

F]DVKAKFOF8 Ms ugo dorodtmrstkdo nuy pormdkfo o ao noamojkakfof! sm mnpamo mg aoiojrkdodkg fm dojams! buoyos mtd'

\rcpkmfofms Fm


79/101

Acs Notmrkoams

VMGODKFOF8 Ms ao dopodkfof qum tkmgm ug

notmrkoa fm ofscrjmr mgmrbo fm fmicrnodkcgms ogtms fm aambor o ao rupturo(notmrkoams nuy furcs+'

FMGTKFOF8 Ms ma pmsc fm ug vcaunmg fm ugkfof fm ug notmrkoa'

I]TKJKAKFOF8 Ao iuskjkakfof sm fmikgm dcnc ao `ojkakfof qum tkmgm ug nmtoa fmdcgvmrtkrsm mg aqukfc pcr nmfkc fm ao opakdodkg fma doacr' Acs nmtoams sm iugfogporo ao scafofuro' Acs odmrcs sm iugfmg oarmfmfcr fm:'=


80/101

OMZCGO]VKDCT

Acs notmrkoams fm ovkodkg sm daoskikdog mg duotrc8

?' Oamodkcgms irrmos8 kmrrc:' Oamodkcgms akbmros8 Tm daoskikdog mg trms 8

K' Oamodkcgms fm oaunkgkcKK' Oamodkcgms fm tktogkc

KKK' Oamodkcgms fm nogbogmsc

4' Notmrkoams dcnpumstcs'6' Notmrkoams ouxkakorms8 Ma pastkdc! Ao bcno! Nofmro' mtd'

Oamodkcgms Akbmros8 Tm am dcgskfmrog oamodkcgms akbmros pcr qum ma pmsc fm

mstcs notmrkoams ms dcgskfmrojam nmgtm nmgcr oa fm acs notmrkoams imrrcscs'

Notmrkoams Dcnpumstcs8 Mstg dcnpumstcs pcr `kacs c ikjros fm notmrkoa fmbrog rmskstmgdko mnjmjkfo mg ugo notrkz pastkdo! duyo prkgdkpoa iugdkg ms

fksnkgukr ma pmsc fm acs dcnpcgmgtms pmrc nogtmgkmgfc ugormskstmgdko nmdgkdo'


81/101

NOVMZKOAMTIMZZCTCT9

Dorodtmrstkdos Fm ]sc FmAos Oamodkcgms Fm Odmrc


82/101

Aos Oamodkcgms Fm Odmrc

Ma tkpc fm odmrc sm dorodtmrkzo pcr sus8

. \rcpkmfofms

. Vrotonkmgtc

. dcnpcskdkg qunkdo'

Tcg daoskikdofcs fmgtrc fm ug skstmno aaonofc (T'O'M'+ (O'K'T'K+! qum

skbgkikdog8

(TOM+8 Tcdkmty ci Outcnctkvm Mgbkgmmrs(Tcdkmfof Gcrtmonmrkdogo fm Kgbmgkmrcs Outcnctcrms+

(OKTK+8Onmrkdog Krcg ogf Ttmma Kgstktutm

(Kgstktutc Onmrkdogc fma @kmrrc y ma odmrc+

ODMZC OA DOZJCGC8 Acs odmrcs oa dorjcgc ns usofcs mg iugfkdkg!Tac cdoskcgoanmgtm sm mnpamog poro pkmzos odmrcs dcg dorjcgc supmrkcr oa


83/101


ODMZC JOHC OA DOZJCGC8

Ma odmrc qum dcgtkmgm dorjcgc mg pcrdmgtohms qum vorog fm


84/101


ODMZC FM DCGVMGKFC NMFKC FM DOZJCGC8 Ms ug odmrc oa dorjg dcg ug

pcrdmgtohm mgtrm fm. \osofcrms

Dorodtmrstkdos Fm ]sc FmAos Oamodkcgms Fm Odmrc


85/101


GCVO8 Acs notmrkoams dcnc tcrgkaacs! pmrgcs! turdos mtd'! mg ao ovkodkg sm usog ug joc fm

gquma! dcg ma ikg fm `odmracs fksknkams' \umstc qum duogfc ugo pkmzo fm ugnotmrkoa fmgtro mg dcgtodtc dcg ctrc fm su nksnc notmrkoa! sm pumfm aambor o bmgmror ugojroskg mgtrm acs notmrkoams! ms fmdkr ug fmsbostm pcr irkddkg'

ODMZC OA DZCNC8 Ms ug tkpc fm odmrc ma duoa pcsmm prcpkmfofms fm furmzo! rmskstmgdko ycpcskdkg o ao dcrrcskg usofc poro ao iojrkdodkg fm8

. Jcaos (joakgms+

. Zcfkaacs

. Dchkgmtms ogtk irkddkg

ODMZC OA DZCNC GK_]MA C KGCPKFOJAM8 Ms ug tkpc fm odmrc dcg duoakfofmsrmskstmgtms o ao dcrrcskg! ounmgto ao rmskstmgdko oa fmsbostm nmhcro ao tmnpaojkakfof' Madcnpcgmgtm prkgdkpoa fma odmrc kgcxkfojam ms ma drcnc! Mg ao iojrkdodkg fm ovkcgms sm dcgcdmdcnc odmrc?0.0 \csmm ug ?0- fm drcnc y ug 0- fm gquma! ms usofc mg ao iojrkdodkg fm8

Zmscrtms! \kmzos mstrudturoams

GCVO8 Acs odmrcs kgcxkfojams tonjkg scg aaonofcs8 Kgcxkfojams dorpmgtmr! ZmskstoaEO:! mgfurc ?0.0 y nmtoa Oaamb`mgy'

GCVO8 Fmjkfc o qum mstcs odmrcs sm mxpogfmg oprcxknofonmgtm ma =


86/101


ODMZC OA DZCNC YOGOFKC8 Ms ug tkpc fm odmrc ma duoa pcsmm

oprcxknofonmgtm ug ?0- fm vogofkc y ug?- fm drcnc! sm troto trnkdonmgtmporo cjtmgmr rmskstmgdko! tmgodkfof y cpcskdkg oa fmsbostm y o ao iotkbo Aodaoskikdodkg TOM .9?=< ms ao usofo bmgmroanmgtm poro `odmr8. Zmscrtms

Mg ug drcnc dcg oatc dcgtmgkfc fm dorjcgc sm daoskikdo fmgtrc fma skstmno TOM.9?;= ms usofo poro ao iojrkdodkg8

. Dchkgmtms fm jcao c rcfkaacs

ODMZC OA DZCNC NCAKJFMGC8 Ms ug tkpc fm odmrc dcg johc pcrdmgtohm fmdrcnc! dcgtkmgm


87/101

ODMZCT TMBG T] VK\C

Acs odmrcs sm daoskikdog mg trms qum scg8

. Odmrc fm johc oa dorjcgc

. Odmrc fm dcgtmgkfc nmfkc fm dorjcgc

. Odmrc fm oatc dcgtmgkfc fm dorjcgc

Gc `oy odmrcs gunmrofcs 2xxx pcrqum mstcs odmrcs rmskstmgtms oa doacr

prdtkdonmgtm gc sm iojrkdog'

Tm cjsmrvo mgtcgdms qum sk ma prknmr gnmrc ms ? sm sojm qum ms ugodmrc oa dorjcgc5 sk ma fbktc skbukmgtm ms ma


88/101

NOVMZKOAMT GCIMZZCTCT2

DAOTKIKDODKCG FM ACT OA]NKGKCT


89/101

GCVO8 Ma oaunkgkc sm mxtrom fm ao jouxkto y oankgo'

GCVO8 Mg ma skstmno T'O'M' . O'K'T'K! acs odmrcs sm daoskikdog dcg duotrcfbktcs PPPP' Ma prknmr gnmrc kgfkdo ma mamnmgtc qum dcgtkmgm pcr acnmgcs ;;- fm oaunkgkc purc! ma smbugfc kgfkdo ma gnmrc fm dcgtrcamsqum tkmgm ao oamodkg mg duogtc o knpurmzos

Ma (


90/101

GCVO8 Ao poaojro furmg vkmgm fma gcnjrm fm ugoacdoakfof fm Mspoo aaonofo os'

JCGKIKDOFC FM AOT OAMDKCGMT FM OA]NKGKC8

Ms ug trotonkmgtc trnkdc qum dcgskstm mg doamgtor maoaunkgkc o ugo tmnpmroturo mamvofo fm 64


91/101

DAOTKIKDODKCG FM ACT OA]NKGKCT


92/101

GCVO8 Aos oamodkcgms qum ns sm usog mg ao dcgstruddkg fm ovkcgmsscg mgfurmdkfos pcr trotonkmgtc trnkdc mg aubor fm trojohc mg irc' Ma

ns usofc ms ma V4>:


93/101

ZMNOD@MT (ZKYMV+

]g rmnod`m ms ug dkmrrm nmdgkdc dcgskstmgtm mg ug tujc dkagfrkdc (mavstobc+ qum mg su ikg fkspcgm fm ugo dojmzo'

Ao Acgbktuf y ma fknmtrc fm ug rmnod`m 8 Mg ao fknmgskg fm ao acgbktuffm ug rmnod`m skmnprm sm nogmhoro dcnc rmimrmgdko fm ?#?9 ovcsfm puabofo'

Mg ao fknmgskg fma fknmtrc fm ug rmnod`m skmnprm sm nogmhoro dcncrmimrmgdko fm ?#4: ovcs fm puabofo'

DAOTMT FM NOVMZKOAMTOMZCGO]VKDCT


94/101

OMZCGO]VKDCT

NOVMZKOAMT O]PKAKOZMT8 Tcg ma donpc ns mxtmgsc fm acs

notmrkoams pumstc qum o mstm brupc `odmg portm acs notmrkoamsdcnc8 Ma pastkdc! Ao bcno! Nofmro! Mtd'


95/101

VK\CT FM FOCT0

Daoskikdodkg Bmgmroafm acs Focs


96/101

fm acs Focs

Foc \mrnktkfcFoc ZmporojamZmmnpaozc fm ao \ortm

Foc \mrnktkfc8 Ao `ojkakfof fm ao mstrudturo o nogtmgmr ogtkdkpofcdorbos mg ao prmsmgdko fm focs! dcnc ugo iotkbo irodturo mstc msfmtmdtofc o trovs fm kgspmddkg c noa iugdkcgo nkmgtc y rmporodkg'

Ma foc c fkstcrskg! ma duoa pumfm smr pmrnktkfc y qum pumfm smrdcrrmbkfc dcg ug prcdmfknkmgtc sknpam! toams dcnc ug stcp frkaa o ugo

rohofuro c dcg puaknmgtcs fm pkdofuros pumfmg smr daoskikdofcs dcncfoc pmrnktkfc! ma trnkgc fm foc pmrnktkfc poro dcnpcgmgtms noycrmsy portms mstg fmikgkfcs mg ma dcnkmgzc fm dofo doptuac! Mh' ]g roygqum gc pmgmtro ao dopo fm Oadaof! pumfm smr rm.trojohofc pcr puaknmgtcdcg akho! aumbc ugo prumjo fm G'F'V' pumfm smr usofo fmspus fma

trojohc poro osmburorsm qum ma notmrkoa mst akjrm fm rohofuros'

Daoskikdodkg Bmgmroafm acs Focs


97/101

fm acs Focs

Foc Zmporojam8 ]go rmporodkg qum dunpam dcg acsfocs gmdmsorkos dcgfkdkcgms fm ao tcamrogdko oa foc'

Tk rmgm tcfcs acs rmqumrknkmgtcs rmbuaotcrkcs y gc mstgsuhmtos o kgspmddkg rmqumrkfo duogfc sm mst `odkmgfc

ugo cpmrodkg gcrnoa fm nogtmgknkmgtc'

Zmmnpaozc fm ao \ortm8 Ma rmmnpaozc fm ao portm dcnpamtoms submrkfc! duogfc ao rmporodkg fm ao portm gc ms prdtkdoc mdcgnkdo' Mg oabugcs doscs ma foc pcfro gmdmsktor

rmmnpaozc fm ao portm! ma rmmnpaozc fm ao portm ms onmgufc dcgvmgkmgtm duogfc ma foc mg ugo portm msdcnpakdofc y mxtmgsc'

_u ms ma TZN3


98/101

Ms ug noguoa fm rmporodkg mstrudturoa onporofc mg fotcstdgkdcs prmvkonmgtm oprcjofcs! qum prcpcrdkcgo kgicrnodkgpmrtkgmgtm fm tcfc ma dcghugtc mstrudturoa! ma duoa `o skfc fkvkfkfc mgsmddkcgms poro iodkaktor ao rmtrcoaknmgtodkg fm ao kgicrnodkg y suusc ms poro ma cpmrofcr' Ofmns pmrnktm prmsmrvor dcg nuy oatcsmstgforms fm doakfof! ao vkfo tka fm ao mstrudturo' Tkg oatmror acsfotcs tdgkdcs oprcjofcs pcr ma iojrkdogtm y mvktorg ioaaosDotostrikdos fmjkfc o iotkbos! dcrrcskg c focs oddkfmgtoams'

Ms ao rmstourodkg fm ug prcfudtc poro vcavmrac o ugo dcgfkdkg fmsmrvkdkc mg dcgicrnkfof dcg acs fotcs tdgkdcs mnktkfcs pcr ma

iojrkdogtm5 mstcs fotcs tdgkdcs mstg dcgtmgkfcs mg ma Noguoa fmZmporodkg Mstrudturoa y sus ogmxcs! Noguoa fm Nogtmgknkmgtc!Jcamtkgms fm Tmrvkdkc (oprcjofcs pcr ao outcrkfof fm fksmc+ c tcfcctrc fcdunmgtc qum dcgtmgbo fotcs tdgkdcs odmptofc pcr ao]OMOD'


99/101

DCZZCTKG;

DCZZCTKG


100/101

Tm bmgmro mg prmsmgdko fm ugo scaudkg dcgfudtcro! bmgmroanmgtm obuo'

@oy ug iauhc fm mamdtrcgms mgtrm nmtoams fkimrmgtms c mgtrm fkstkgtcspugtcs c rmos mg ao supmrikdkm fm ug nmtoa dcg fkimrmgdko fm pctmgdkoamadtrkdc (vcatohm+'

VK\CT FM DCZZCTKG8

Tupmrikdkoa8 vkskjam dcnc ug brojofc mg ao supmrikdkm fma nmtoa dcncrmsuatofc fkrmdtc fm ao oddkg qunkdo'

Boavgkdo8 opormdm dcnc sk ma nmtoa mstuvkmro pkdofc' Tm bmgmro mgtrm

nmtoams fkstkgtcs c pugtcs fm ugkg mg ma duoa pumfm `ojmr fkimrmgdko fmpctmgdkoa'

\kdofc8 smrkm fm pmqumcs crkikdkcs mg ao supmrikdkm fma nmtoa mg ug rmo

pmqumo y fmikgkfo'

DCZZCTKG


101/101

Ikakicrnm8 Dcnc su gcnjrm ac kgfkdo tkmgm ao oporkmgdko fm `kacs! sm

fmsorrcaao johc ao dopo prctmdtcro fma nmtoa' usuoanmgtm! pmrc gcskmnprm! ofyodmgtm o ao dojmzo fm tcrgkaacs c acs jcrfms'

Vmgskg8 Vrkzofuros nmgcrms mgdcgtrofos mg oamodkcgms qum scgsusdmptkjams o maaos duogfc mstg mxpumstos oug onjkmgtm dcrrcskvc nkmgtros mstg johc tmgskg'

Zczonkmgtc8 Duogfc fcs dcnpcgmgtms sm rczog pumfmg foor ao dopoprctmdtcro fm ugc c onjcs'

Kgtmrbroguaor8 Tm icrnog onpcaaos c `kgd`ozcgms mg ao supmrikdkm fmanmtoa' Tm bmgmro mg ao fkimrmgdko fm pctmgdkoa mgtrm acs anktms fm acs

brogcs qum dcnpcgmg ma nmtoa'

Nkdrcjkcabkdos8 Tm fmsorrcaao mg ma skstmno fm dcnjustkjam! dousofcpcr jodtmrkos y `cgbcs! drmdmg mg ma obuo # dcnjustkjam icrnogfc

Presentacion de Estructuras 2013

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