Segundo Informe Maquinas Electricas

7/26/2019 Segundo Informe Maquinas Electricas

1/16

UNIVERSIDAD DE LA SERENA DPTO. DE INGENIERIA MECANICA

PARAMETROS DE UNTRANSFORMADOR

Informe N2 Mqun!" E#$%&r%!"

Esteban Munizaga Eduardo SeplvedaAgustn Seplveda

E# "'uen&e (o%umen&o e"& refer(o ! (o" &)o" (e )rue*!" o en"!+o" en%r%u&o", que "ern (e u(!( )!r! #! (e&ermn!%-n (e #!" %!r!%&er"&%!" +)!rme&ro" que e"&n )re"en&e" en #o" %on"&&u+en&e" (e un &r!n"form!(or.


2/16

INTRODUCCIN

P!r! (e&ermn!r #o" )!rme&ro" (e un &r!n"form!(or monof"%o (e (o"

(e/!n!(o" "e re%urre ! (o" m$&o(o" %om)#emen&!ro" en&re ", e"&o"

m$&o(o" %on""&en en un! )rue*! (e /!%o 0o %r%u&o !*er&o1 + un!

)rue*! (e Cor&o%r%u&o. Don(e %!(! )rue*! %on""&! en re!#!r

("&n&!" me(%one" (e %orren&e + /o#&!3e )!r! e# )o"&eror %#%u#o (e

#!" )er((!" + f!%&or (e )o&en%!.

L! 4n!#(!( (e #o" )!rme&ro" e" que "on #! %!#/e )!r! (e4nr (o"

%on%e)&o" re#e/!n&e" %u!n(o no" refermo" ! #! %!#(!( (e#

&r!n"form!(or %on e# que e"&!mo" &r!*!3!n(o. T!#e" %on%e)&o" "on e#

f!%&or (e re'u#!%-n + #! e4%en%! o ren(men&o. E"&o" )un&o" "on #!"

)rn%)!#e" %!r!%&er"&%!" (e un Tr!n"form!(or en fun%on!men&o, +

que )erm&en form!r un *uen %r&ero !# momen&o (e #! "e#e%%on!r

!#'uno0"1.

L!" )rue*!" (e %r%u&o !*er&o o en"!+o en /!%o e" !que# en"!+o enque no %r%u#! %orren&e )or e"&!r no %omun%!(o )or un %on(u%&ore#$%&r%o + %on""&e )rn%)!#men&e en m!n&ener #!" &ermn!#e" (e un!*o*n! en %r%u&o !*er&o men&r!" "e m)one un! &en"-n ! &r!/$" (e#!" &ermn!#e" (e# em*o*n!(o o)ue"&o. Se /er #! "!&ur!%-n (e#%r%u&o m!'n$&%o + #!" )$r((!" que o%urren en e# n5%#eo.

L!" )rue*!" (e en"!+o (e %or&o%r%u&o %on""&en en %one%&!r #!"&ermn!#e" (e un! *o*n! en %or&o%r%u&o men&r!" "e !)#%! un! &en"-nre(u%(! ! &r!/$" (e #!" &ermn!#e" (e #! o&r! *o*n! *!3o )rue*!. Se)ro(u%en )$r((!" (e )o&en%!6 un! )!r&e (e $"&!" "e )ro(u%en +! en/!%o + "e m!n&enen %on"&!n&e" e n/!r!*#e" en %!r'!.


3/16

MARCO TERICO

Prue*! (e V!%o7

Con""&e en !)#%!r un! &en"-n nomn!# en %u!#quer! (e #o" (e/!n!(o"

(e# &r!n"form!(or, %on e# o&ro (e/!n!(o !*er&o, "e #e !)#%! !# #!(o

)rm!ro /o#&!3e + fre%uen%! nomn!#, re'"&rn(o"e #!" #e%&ur!" (e #!

)o&en%! (e en&r!(! en /!%o + #! %orren&e en /!%o. E" o*/o que #o"

5n%o" )!rme&ro" que &enen que "er %on"(er!(o" en #! )rue*! (e

/!%- "on Rm + 38m, #! m)e(!n%! (e (")er"-n, R9:389, no !fe%&! ! #o"

(!&o" (e )rue*!. U"u!#men&e, #! &en"-n nomn!# "e !)#%! !# (e/!n!(o

(e *!3! &en"-n.

D-n(e7


4/16

=Xm

V

R%7 re""&en%! (e )er((!

G%7 %on(u%&!n%!

;o%7 !(m&!n%!

o /o#&!3e )!r! o*&ener #!"%orren&e" nomn!#e" en #o" em*o*n!(o" (e*(o ! que (%=!

m)e(!n%!" "on #m&!(!" )or #! m)e(!n%! (e (")er"-n (e #o"

em*o*n!(o", )or #o &!n&o #! (en"(!( (e ?u3o en e# n5%#eo "er

)eque>! en #! )rue*! (e %or&o%r%u&o, #!" )$r((!" en e# n5%#eo + #!

%orren&e (e m!'ne&!%-n "er &o(!/! m" )eque>!. L! &en"-n

re(u%(! V%%, ##!m!(! fre%uen&emen&e &en"-n (e m)e(!n%!, "e

"o#u%on! )!r! que #! %orren&e (e %or&o%r%u&o I%% no o%!"one (!>o en

#o" enro##!men&o". Se e"%o'e u"u!#men&e I%% %omo #! %orren&e (e )#en!

%!r'! 0nomn!#1. U"u!#men&e e"&! )rue*! "e =!%e )or e# #!(o (e A.T.

0)!r! que #! %orren&e "e! m" )eque>!1.

E"&! )rue*! "r/e )!r! (e&ermn!r #o" /!#ore" (e R9, 89, R2 + 82. Sere!#! =!%en(o %r%u#!r #! %orren&e nomn!# )or uno (e #o" (e/!n!(o",e"&!n(o e# o&ro en %or&o%r%u&o. Norm!#men&e "e %or&o%r%u&o e#(e/!n!(o (e


5/16

L! )o&en%! (e# %or&o%r%u&o e" #! )$r((! &o&!# en e# %o*re (e#

&r!n"form!(or. De*(o !# efe%&o )e%u#!r (e #!" )$r((!" )or ="&$re"",

!(em" P%% )ue(e "er m!+or que #!" )er((!" -=m%!" en e# %o*re.

D-n(e7

@eq, 8eq + Req "on %ono%(!" )or m)e(!n%! equ/!#en&e, re!%&!n%!

equ/!#en&e + re""&en%! equ/!#en&e, re")e%&/!men&e. Lue'o "e &enen

#o" "'uen&e" "u)ue"&o"7

S V9 V2, )o(emo" (e%r que7

F!%&or (e Re'u#!%-n7

L! re'u#!%-n (e /o#&!3e e" un! me((! (e #! /!r!%-n (e &en"-n (e"!#(! (e un &r!n"form!(or, %u!n(o #! %orren&e (e %!r'! %on un f!%&or


6/16

(e )o&en%! %on"&!n&e /!r! (e %ero ! un /!#or nomn!#. L! %!r'! e"&%one%&!(! !# #!(o "e%un(!ro + #! fuen&e (e /o#&!3e !# #!(o )rm!ro.Su)on'!mo" que e# &r!n"form!(or e"& en&re'!n(o ! #! %!r'! un!%orren&e nomn!# ! un /o#&!3e nomn!# + %on un f!%&or (e )o&en%!e")e%4%o. L! fuen&e (e /o#&!3e e" !3u"&!(! )!r! o*&ener /o#&!3e

%on"&!n&e ! e"&e /!#or + #! %!r'! e" (e"%one%&!(! (e# &r!n"form!(or, e#/o#&!3e (e "!#(! (e# &r!n"form!(or %!m*!r6 #! (feren%! en&re #o"/!#ore" (e# /o#&!3e (e "!#(! %u!n(o e"& "n %!r'!, + e# nomn!# ! )#en!%!r'!, eB)re"!(! %omo un! fr!%%-n (e# /!#or nomn!#, e" (e4n(! %omo#! re'u#!%-n (e# /o#&!3e nomn!# (e# &r!n"form!(or ! un f!%&or (e)o&en%! e")e%4%o. L! "'uen&e e%u!%-n re)re"en&! e# f!%&or (ere'u#!%-n en )or%en&!3e.

Como 'ener!#men&e, #! %orren&e (e eB%&!%-n "er )eque>! %om)!r!(!

%on #! %orren&e nomn!# (e un &r!n"form!(or (e n5%#eo (e =erro, #!

r!m! en (er/!%-n %on""&e (e Rm + 8m )ue(e no %on"(er!r"e )!r!

%#%u#o" (e re'u#!%-n (e /o#&!3e. E"&e %r%u&o equ/!#en&e "m)#4%!(o

refer(o !# #!(o "e%un(!ro.

Como e# &r!n"form!(or e"& en&re'!n(o #! %orren&e nomn!# IL2! un

f!%&or (e )o&en%!, e# /o#&!3e (e %!r'! e" V2. E# %orre")on(en&e /o#&!3e

(e en&r!(! e" V9 refer(o !# #!(o "e%un(!ro. Cu!n(o #! %!r'! "eremue/e, m!n&enen(o e# /o#&!3e (e en&r!(! %on"&!n&e en #o" &ermn!#e"

(e %!r'!, e# f!%&or (e re'u#!%-n (e /o#&!3e, en )or%en&!3e, no

%on"(er!n(o #! r!m! (e m!'ne&!%-n %omo "'ue en #! e%u!%-n.

D-n(e7


7/16

Lo" &$rmno" V2, IL2"on #o" /!#ore" nomn!#e"

Ren(men&o7

Pue(e (e&ermn!r"e me(!n&e #! me((! "mu#&ne! (e #! "!#(! + #!

en&r!(!. Su)-n'!"e que e# /o#&!3e (e #! "!#(! "e m!n&ene %on"&!n&e !#

/!#or nomn!# + e# &r!n"form!(or e"& en&re'!n(o ! #! %!r'! un!

%orren&e IL2 0no e" ne%e"!r!men&e e# /!#or nomn!#1. L!" )$r((!" en e#

&r!n"form!(or "on #o" que "e &enen en e# n5%#eo (e*(o ! #! ="&$re"", !

#!" %orren&e" )!r"&!" + #!" -=m%!" en #!" re""&en%!" (e #o"

(e/!n!(o". Por P% "e )re"en&!n #!" )$r((!" en e# n5%#eo6 %omo #!"

)$r((!" en e# n5%#eo "on (e)en(en&e" (e #! (en"(!( (e ?u3o + #!fre%uen%! )ue(e %on"(er!r"e que P% )erm!ne%e %on"&!n&e en e#

&em)o " e# /o#&!3e (e "!#(! + #! fre%uen%! "e m!n&enen %on"&!n&e" en

e# &em)o. L!" )$r((!" -=m%!" en #o" enro##!men&o", e"&n en fun%-n

(e #! %orren&e. A %u!#quer %orren&e IL2, #!" )$r((!" -=m%!" &o&!#e" en

e# &r!n"form!(or "on I2L2Req26 e"&!" )$r((!" "on ##!m!(!" )$r((!" en e#

%o*re. Por &!n&o #! eB)re"-n )!r! (e&ermn!r #! e4%en%! o ren(men&o

"er #! "'uen&e.


8/16

S IL2e" #! %orren&e nomn!#, en&on%e" "e o*&ene #! e4%en%! nomn!# (e#

&r!n"form!(or.

F!%&or (e Corre%%-n )or Tem)er!&ur!

L! &em)er!&ur! !m*en&e !#&! n?u+e (e"f!/or!*#emen&e en #!

%on(u%%-n (e e#e%&r%(!( (e*(o ! que !umen&! #! re""&en%!

e#$%&r%!. Por e# %on&r!ro, ! menor &em)er!&ur! "e %on(u%e me3or #!

e#e%&r%(!(. De =e%=o =!+ un fen-meno que "e ##!m!

"u)er%on(u%&/(!( que "e )re"en&! en !#'uno" m!&er!#e" !

&em)er!&ur!" )or (e*!3o (e #o" 'r!(o" e#/n. E"&e f!%&or )ue(e "er

(e&ermn!(o me(!n&e &!*#!" )ero en e"&e %!"o re%urrremo" ! #!"'uen&e eB)re"-n7

Z2=234,5+T1234,5+T2

Z1

D-n(e7 T9 e" #! &em)er!&ur! !m*en&e6 T2 e" #! &em)er!&ur! ! %orre'r6

@9 e" #! m)e(!n%! ! %orre'r6 @2 e" #! m)e(!n%! %orre'(!6 + 2,

e" #! %on"&!n&e (e# %o*re.

Ejemplo de tabla de factor de correccin de temperatura

DESARRO!!O DE !A E"#ERIENCIA

Ensa$o en va%o o prueba de %ir%uito abierto


9/16

P!r! re!#!r e"&! )rue*! re!#%e #o" "'uen&e" )!"o"7

!1 EB%&e e# &r!n"form!(or )or e# (e/!n!(o (e A.T. + (e3e !*er&o e#(e/!n!(o (e


10/16

Datos de pla%a

Voltajes Potencia Total

De/!n!(o)rm!roJVK

De/!n!(o"e%un(!roJVK

S JVAK

9H , H,

2H , H,

2H , H,

Tabla de datos 'edidos $ %al%ulados(

Lo" "'uen&e" %#%u#o" fueron re!#!(o" en EB%e# me(!n&e #!" f-rmu#!"

)er&nen&e" en e# m!r%o &e-r%o.

PRUEBAS DE CIRCUITO ABIERTO

Voltaje (V) Corriente (A) Prdida (Watts) fd! Potencia (VA)

" V !ri#ario I !ri#ario P !ri#ario Cos( ) S !ri#ario

$ %&'& &'&E*+ $ *'&,%% +'-$$,

+ ,'. -'&*E*+ & *'-,/& -'*$&/

& $+/', ,'+E*+ - *'$,/ $$',$*&. $-.'. $',E*$ / *'+.&& &*'&/*

- $/*'- *'&/ $+ *'$%-* ./'-,

. +** *'. $% *'$$% $+*

% +$ *'/- ++ *'$+*, $/$',

/ +&* $'&. &* *'*,-, &$+'/

, +-. '+ %/ *'*%+- $*%-'+

PRUEBA DE CIRCUITO ABIERTO

" Rc (1 0oc 091 1c 091 B# 091 2# 01$ -&%+', '.%,E* *'***$/.$ *'***& +&+,'$,

+ +,/&'$ -'.*&E* *'***&&-+ *'***- +++%'.,

& &&+&'* %'$./E* *'***&**, *'***.- $-&%'*+

&*.-' $'+&,E*& *'***&+.+ *'**$+* /&.'%-

- +%$-'* +'$*-E*& *'***&./& *'**+*% /+'

. +&-+', &'***E*& *'***+-* *'**+,% &&.'%&

% +*/$'. &',%+E*& *'***/* *'**&, +-&'.&


11/16

/ $%.&'& -',$&E*& *'***-.%$ *'**-/, $.,',*

, /*'+ $'.$E*+ *'**$$,*+ *'*$.&. .$'$$

PRUEBAS DE CORTO CIRCUITO

Voltaje (3) Corriente (A) Prdida (Watts) fd! Potencia (3A)

" V!ri#ario I!ri#ario P!ri#ario Cos(4) S!ri#ario

$ $+'$/ &'-% &, *'/,., &'/

+ $*'- &'* +, *',$+, &$'%%

& ,'+$ +'., ++ *'///* +'%%

%',/ +'&- $% *',*.- $/'%-

- %'+. +'$- $ *'/,., $-'.$

. .'. $',/ $$ *'/$/ $&'*%

% -'%/ $'%& , *',**$ $*'**

/ - $'- . *'/*** %'-*

, &'%- $'$ &'- *'/$/% '+/

$* +'+. *'% $ *'.&+$ $'-/

PRUEBAS DE CORTO CIRCUITO

" R$5R+6 R$7R+6 8sc 2$52+6 2$72+6

$ &'*.** $'-&** &'$$/ $'-*/% *'%-

+ &'$&/* $'-.,* &'&%- $'*& *'%*$%

& &'**& $'-+*+ &'+&/ $'-% *'%/%+

&'*%/& $'-&,+ &'&,-% $'&&- *'%$./

- &'*+/% $'-$& &'&%.% $',&+ *'%..

. +'/*-/ $'*+, &'&&&& $'%,,. *'/,,/

% &'**%$ $'-*&. &'&$* $'-.* *'%+/*

/ +'...% $'&&&& &'&&&& +'**** $'****

, +'.,&$ $'&.. &'+/,- $'//// *',

$* +'**/ $'*+* &'++/. +'-*$% $'+-*,


12/16

Corre%%i)n a *+ ,C

" Rc a %-9C 2# a %-9C R$ : R+; a

%-9C 2$ : 2+; a %-9C 8sc a %-9C

$ -%',/$% &*'*/.$ *'*++$ *'*$*, *'*,

+ &'$..& &+'+&-/ *'*++% *'*$*+ *'*,%

& /'*/.$ ++'+$ *'*++ *'*$$ *'*,-

'&*$, $+'*.*, *'*+$/ *'*$*% *'*/.

- &,'+/%% .',/$+ *'*+$, *'*$*/ *'*/,

. &'*/+ '/%+. *'*+*& *'*$& *'*/+

% &*'$++& &'.%*$ *'*+$/ *'*$*- *'*/&

/ +-'-$.& +'-/. *'*$,& *'*$- *'*/+

, $+'$-/+ *',*$. *'*$,- *'*$&% *'*%.

$* *'*$/ *'*$/$ *'*.%

Corrientes de e-%ita%i)n. p/rdida. $ 'agnetiza%i)n

Pre/!men&e %on #o" (!&o" (e )#!%! (e o*&ene7

a=V1nominal

V2nominal=230 [V]36.5 [V]

=6.3014

V2'=aV2=6.301436.5 [V]=230 [V]

I2= S

V2=

500 [VA ]36.5 [V]

=13.6986 [A ]

I2'=I2

a=13.6986[A ]

6.3014=2.1739[A ]

Con"(er!n(o un Co"01H, n(u%&/o "e o*&ene7

. )or #o &!n&o, I2 2.9Q .

De&ermn!%-n (e /o#&!3e" en )#en! %!r'!7

EPlenacarga=V2'+I2

' (R2'+X2'j )[V]

I1=I2'+Ie [A ]

Ie= Epc

RcXm=Ic+ [A ]


13/16

V1Plenacarga=Epc+I1 (R1+X1 j )[V]

V+; I6+

+&* +'$%&,*+.% &.'/%

" R+; 2+; R+;5


14/16

+

9,QH ,9

H,9HQ ,2

$&'/*&&j*'*%/-22,QQ

,Q

&

9Q,H292,229

H,9 2,Q92Q

$&'/--*j*'*%*-2,92

,Q

H,29

9,HH

H,2QH

9,9 $&',%.+j*'*/-%

2,

,

-

,HHHH 9H,HQ

H,Q9 9H,9

$'$/+/j*'*/./2,2Q

,Q

.

, ,9

H,HH ,29 $'&,+$j*'$**/2,H2

,Q9

%

29,,Q

H,Q2 ,H $'.$,j*'$$&.2,

,29Q

/

9Q,99,H

9,9 ,Q $-'*%&&j*'$&%2,H

,H

,

2,9Q

,299 ,Q ,9Q $%'%&j*'+/*2Q,Q9

,9

De&ermn!%-n (e /o#&!3e en /!%o7

Evacio=V2'[V]

I1=+Ie [A ]

Ie= Evacio

RcXm=Ic+ [A ]

V1vacio=Evacio+I1 (R1+X1j )[V]

" Rc >> 2# Ie7E > Rc >> 2# I$ 7I+;5Ic

V$ sec?ndario3aco

$

9,9H 2,22

H,92 2,22

H,92 2,22

2H, H,29


15/16

+

9,QH ,9

H,92Q ,9H,92Q ,9

2H,2 H,9

&

9Q,H292,229

H,9Q 2,229H,9Q 2,229

2H,922 H,H2

H,29 9,HH

H,2H 9,HH

H,2H 9,HH

2H,Q9 H,H2Q

-

,HHHH 9H,HQ

H,2 9H,HQ

H,2 9H,HQ

29,9Q H,9H

.

, ,9

H,QHH ,9H,QHH ,9

22,9 H,HH

%

29, ,Q

H,Q9 ,QH,Q9 ,Q

2,292 H,2Q

/

9Q,99 ,H

9,HH ,H9,HH ,H

2,9 H,QHH

,

2,9Q ,299

,H9 ,299,H9 ,299

2,9 2,H

Regula%i)n de tensi)n $ e0%ien%ia

%Reg=V1 (2ariocarga)V1 (2ariovacio )V1 (2ariovacio )

100

Psalida

Pentrada=V2'I2'cos()V1I1cos (1 )

; I2

2

V2'

;1I1

V1

" Re@ Eficiencia

$ 9, 92,

+ 9, 92,

& 9, 92,

9, 92,

- 9, 92,2

. 9, 92,H

%9, 99,

/ 9, 99,

, 9, Q,

CONC!USIN


16/16

L! re'u#!%-n + #! e4%en%! "on #!" (o" %!r!%&er"&%!" (e m!+orm)or&!n%! en e# fun%on!men&o (e #o" &r!n"form!(ore". Lo" %u!#e" "onu"!(o" en ""&em!" (e )o&en%! )!r! #! &r!n"m"-n + ("&r*u%-n (eener'!. En e# eB)ermen&o "e #o'r- %om)ro*!r %u!n&o !fe%&!n #!")er((!" en e# n5%#eo !# /!#or (e #! e4%en%! (e# &r!n"form!(or, + ! "u

/e %omo e"&! "e /e mu%=o m" !fe%&!(! en )re"en%! (e un! !#&!&em)er!&ur! +! que e"&! !umen&! #! re""&en%! e#$%&r%! (e# m!&er!#.L!" me(%one" (e re""&en%!" en #o" em*o*n!(o" (e# &r!n"form!(oro*&en(!" en #!" )rue*!" re!#!(!", "on %!r!%&er"&%!" )ro)!" (e "u%on"&ru%%-n +! que re"u#&!ron "er *!"&!n&e *!3!" #o %u!# e" #-'%o, +!que !" #!" )er((!" en e# &r!n"form!(or "on mnm!", o "e!, "on%!r!%&er"&%!" )ro)!" (e "u %on"&ru%%-n #o que '!r!n&! menore")er((!".

Pro*!*#emen&e #o" (!&o" o*&en(o" no "e!n eB!%&o" !# %en )or %en&o,(e*(o ! que #! )re%"-n + %!#*r!%-n (e #o" n"&rumen&o" !rro3! un

)or%en&!3e (e error %on"(er!*#e, !(em" (e #o" %#%u#o" m!nu!#e"(e*(o ! que #o" )ro'r!m!" (e &r!*!3o %omo EB%e# no )erm&!n %#%u#o"%on n5mero" %om)#e3o".

L!" )rue*!" (e %r%u&o !*er&o o en"!+o en /!%o, %omo no %r%u#!%orren&e )or no e"&!r %omun%!(o )or un %on(u%&or e#$%&r%o, )erm&en/er #! "!&ur!%-n (e# %r%u&o m!'n$&%o + #!" )$r((!" que o%urren en e#n5%#eo. Men&r!" que #!" )rue*!" (e en"!+o (e %or&o%r%u&o %on""&enen %one%&!r #!" &ermn!#e" (e un! *o*n! en %or&o%r%u&o )!r!(e&ermn!r #!" )$r((!" (e )o&en%!6 un! )!r&e (e $"&!" "e )ro(u%en +!en /!%o + "e m!n&enen %on"&!n&e" e n/!r!*#e" en %!r'!.

Segundo Informe Maquinas Electricas

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