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1.- Introduction and addition
Used when you want to introduce an idea or add somethingto a previous argument.
Besides, in addition to a ms
I don't think I'll come on Friday. I have a lot to do. Besides I don'treally like parties
In addition to all those arguments, I would like to say that I don'treally trust in people who only think of money.
At least al menys, com a mnim
At least ten people died in roadaccidents last weekend
Above all sobre tot After all desprs de tot Anyway, in any case de tota manera, en qualsevol cas Apart from that a part d'aix At first sight a primera vista, a primer cop d'ull Basically bsicamen t Especially especialment Essentially, in particular essencialment, en particular Finally, lastly finalment, en darrer lloc Generally, in general,on the whole en general In conclusion en conclusi In the first place, firstly, first of all en primer lloc, primer de tot In this case en aquest cas Last but not least per ltim, per no per aix menys important More or less, aproximately ms o menys, aproximadament
Obviously evidentment Secondly, in the second place en segon lloc To begin with, to start with per comenar To sum up per resumir
2.- Concession
Used when you want to admit (concede) something that goesagainst another point.
Of course, certainly
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Although/though encara que, tot i que, malgrat
Although the sun was shining it wasn'tvery warm.
We lost the game, though everyone playedwell
In spite of/despite + noun, pronoun, gerund malgrat
despite without "of"
She didn't get the job in spite of her qualificationsI can't agree with you despite all your
efforts.
: While mentre
While Peter is good at Science, his brother isabsolutely hopeless
On the one hand.... on the other hand Per una banda.... per una altra
On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other they don't wantto lose their freedom
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In contrast to en contrast, a diferencia de
In contrast to all these arguments, most of scientists don't agreewith State regulations.
However
We thought the problems were correct. However , we have now discoveredsomer errors
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7.- Example or illustration Used when the information that follows is a detail or examplethat supports the previous idea.
For instance/for example
What would you do, for instance , if you were the PrimeMinister of your country?
In fact de fet, actually, really, As a matter of fact, The fact is
de fet, realment
The truth is that la veritat s que...
The truth is that you can find very few people who are againstthe family as institution
Theoretically en teoria
Theoretically light would infinitely bounce in a room made of perfect mirrors.
In practice a la prctica
Prisoners have legal rights but in practice theserights are not always respected
Obviously, of course evidentment, per descomptat
Obviously cloning could be of greatbenefit to seriously ill people
Not only.., but also... no solament.... sin tamb
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The countryside varies greatly, not only from placeto place but from season to season.
As far, in relation to. As far as......... is concerned en relacia , pel que fa a
As far as my opinion is concerned , I wouldlike to say...
I mean vull dir, em refereixo qu e
I mean technology is definitely a good part of our lives
In other words, that is (to say) s a dir
In other words jogging is becoming a extremely popular way toexercise for all kind of people
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8.- PurposeTo + infinitivewhen the subject of the two verbs is the same
per
She arrived early to get agood seat
They went into the forest topick mushrooms
So that , in order that + will/would or can/could or may/might+ verb
per que, per tal que
She took my shoes so that Icouldn't leave the house
These men risk their lives inorder that we may live safely
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9.- ResultUsed to point out a cause and effect relationship with theprevious thought.
So, therefore per tant
I wasn't feeling well so I went to see the doctorThere is still much to discuss. Therefore we will come
back to this topic next week
As result
Some of my relatives died asa result of the war
So + noun/adjective/adverb + that + clause
Humans will have so many artificial parts that we won't beable to distinguish them from cyborgs
The song was so beautiful that we had to buy the record
Thus aix, per aquesta ra
Americans always want to fight for oil, and thus they sentsoldiers to the Persian Gulf to fight Iraq
Consequently conseqentment, enconseqncia
Anyway, in any casede tota manera, en qualsevol cas
For this reason per aquesta ra That's why s per aix que Thus aix
10.- Summary
Used to conclude or condense a thought.
In conclusion/to conclude
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In conclusion, I would like to say that I am in favour of death penalty in some cases, such as...
All in all en resum, en conclusi Finally finalment, en darrer lloc
In brief, in short, in simplerterms,simply put
en poques paraules/en resum, en paraulesms senzilles
In conclusion en conclusi in particular en particular in summary, to summarize en resum. per resumir on the whole en conjunt In other words, to put it differently en unes altres paraules, per dir-ho diferent
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English Catalan Catalan English
A
actual real actual present, current
actually en realitat actualment at present, nowadays,currently
advice consell avs warning, notice
advise (to) aconsellar avisar to warn
advertise anunciar advertir to warn
agenda ordre del dia agenda diary
alternatively d'altra banda alternativament alternately
announcement avs parlat anunci advertisement/ad/ advert
anxious nervis ansis, desitjs eager, willing
arena estadi arena sand
argument discussi argument plot, storyline
assist ajudar assistir a attend
attempt intent atemptat terrorist attack
to attend assistir atendre to pay attention/take careof
avocado alvocat advocat lawyer
B
brave valent brau fierce, rough
C
card tarja, carta de baralla carta letter
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English Catalan Catalan English
career carrera professional carreradegree (academic), race(sports)
carpet catifa carpeta file
casual informal casual accidental, chance
collar coll (camisa) collaret necklace
college universitat/facultat collegi primary school
commodity mercaderia, article comoditat comfort
compass brixula comps a pair of compasses
conductor cobrador de bus,director d'orquestra conductor driver
conference congrs conferncia lecture
conservatory hivernacle conservatory music school
constipated restret constipar to have a cold
content satisfet contento happy
crime delicte crim murder
current actual corrent ordinary
curse maledicci curs course
D
deception engany decepci disappointment
deputy suplent diputat member of parlament(MP)
discussion debat discussi argument
disgust fstic disgust upset
dispose of desfer-se de disposar have available
diversion desviament diversi entertainment
English Catalan Catalan English
E
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library biblioteca llibreria bookshop
luxury luxe luxria lust
M
mayor batlle mayor main, bigger, older
miserable molt trist miserable poor
misery tristesa, sofriment misria poverty
molest assetjar, abusar (sexualment) molestar to disturb
notes apunts notes marks
N
notice avs notcia news
O
ordinary normal, corrent ordinari vulgar, rude
P
parcel paquet parcella plot of land
parent pare/mare parent relative
particular determinat particular private
pavement vorera paviment road surface
petrol gasolina petroli oil
English Catalan Catalan English
preferred past participle verbto prefer preferit favourite
preservative conservant condom condom
presume suposar presumir to show off
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to pretend fingir/fer veure pretendre to expect, seek
to prove demostrar provar to try
Q
quiet callat, silencis quiet still, calm
R
realise adonar-se realitzar to carry out
receipt rebut recepta recipe (food), prescription(medicine)
to record gravar recordar to remember, to remind(fer recordar)
remove treure, eliminar remoure(remenar)
to stir
to rest descansar restar to take away, substract
to resume reprendre resumir summarize
to retire jubilar-se retirar to withdraw, remove
rope corda roba clothes
S
sane mentalment normal sa healthy
English Catalan Catalan English
sensible assenyat sensible sensitive
signature signatura assignatura subject
spade pala espasa sword
spectacles ulleres espectacle show
suburb barri residencial suburbi slum quarter
to succeed sortir-se'n de fer alguna cosa succeir to happen
success xit exit sortida
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sympathetic comprensiu,solidari simptic friendly, nice
sympathy comprensi,solidaritat simpatia friendliness, nicenes
T
taller comparative of tall taller workshop
topic tema tpic clich, common place
translate traduir trasladar to mover
U
ultimate definitiu ltim last
ultimately en ltima instncia ltimament recently
V
vague imprecs, poc clar vaga strike
vicious dolent vicis dissolute
violate transgredir violar rape
we shouldn't make...
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1.- Adjectives, pronouns, adverbs andother particles
1. Actually vs. nowadays
Actually: really. realment, de fetNowadays: present time, these days, currently,
at the moment
2. Another/other another is always a singular adjective
other as an adjective never ends by "s"
I'ts another wonderful day in your lifeYou'll live other wonderful days in your
lifeSome designs are bettter than others
3. As/like
As I've already said...he works as a waiter he was respected both as a professional and as a person
She acts like a foolit costs something like fifty centsI drink like a fish
4. Frequency adverb position: before, a lexical verb and usually after, amodal verb
I usually watch tv serialsYou can't always enjoy yourself
5. Never write two negative words in the same sentence.
He didn't say anything No va dir resHe said nothing No va dir res
6. Once, twice, three times, four times
I practise aerobic once a week, but I go to the gym five times a week.Don't think twice, its all right..
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