7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
1/94
Fk`hlkIctripriciursnbpG`
cbt`r
XI_@XZI LCYLK H@F@Z8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
2/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
3/94
Fk`hlk Ictripriciursnbp G`cbt`r
XI_@XZI LCYLK H@F@Z8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
4/94
8??
Jbsi` dlrtukl i bctirb`r1 Ljrblcl HirgjizD`rriddbc ji istbk`1 Eirclcj` Dlrritir`D``rjbcldbc ijbt`rblk1 _bijlj Tlkflj`Bgprisbc1 Ixdiksb`r Bgpris`ris T#L#T#
Nidn` ic D`k`ghbl
_rbctij lcj glji bc D`k`ghbl
C`vbighri 8??#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
5/94
D`cticbj`_risictldbc ###################### ######################## ######################## ####################### ######################## ####################### ######################## ######################## ################ 9
Bctr`juddbc ####################### ######################## ######################## ####################### ######################## ####################### ######################## ######################## ################ 6
B# Git`j`k`fl ####################### ######################## ####################### ######################## ####################### ######################## ######################## ######################## ###
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
6/94
:
D`cticbj`
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ###################### ####################### #########:4
ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
L# Lckbsbs ficirlk jik ict`rc` jik igpricjbgbict` ################################################################################:4
H# Lckbsbs ji lspidt`s hsbd`s plrl ik igpricjbgbict` ########################################################################:5
D# Kl bcc`vldbc d`g` ik dlgbc` plrl ik igpricjbgbict` ji lkt` bgpldt` .ILB" ####################################98
J# Kl dukturl d`g` ikigict` dltlkbzlj`r jik igpricjbgbict` ################################################################95
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t ######################## ####################### ######################## ####################### ############# 5
Bjictbdlr kls jbiricdbls ic k`s cbvikis ji kl ldtbvbjlj
igpricjij`rl ictri k`s 9: plsis plrtbdbplctis#
Jisduhrbr y pr`ucjbzlr ic k`s ldt`ris qui jitirgbclc
k`s cbvikis cldb`clkis y suh'cldb`clkis ji cuivl ldtb'
vbjlj igprislrblk#
Bjictbdlr p`ktbdls qui puijlc d`ctrbhubr l lugictlr
ik cbvik ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl#
Ik g`jik` pklctilj` p`r FIG+ guistrl qui ik pr`dis`
igpricjij`r qui trlcsbtl uc bcjbvbju` d`ctbici uc cgir`
frlcji ji rikldb`cis ic jbstbct`s cbvikis+ k`s dulkis k`frlc
p`ticdblr ` kbgbtlr kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl qui iairdi
isi bcjbvbju`# Ist`s cbvikis si jbiricdblc ictri ikk`s
puis bcv`kudrlc jbstbct`s tbp`s ji ldt`ris+ lk tbigp` qui
kl bctirlddbc ji ist`s ldt`ris d`cstbtuyi ik id`sbstigl
Xiqubsbt`s hsbd`s
ee Bcstbtudb`cisee Bcrlistrudturlee Istlhbkbjlj gldr`id`cgbdlee Tlkuj y ijudldbc prbglrbl
D`ctixt`
p`ktbd`+
dukturlk y
s`dblk
Igprislsistlhkidbjls
.id`c`gl
prbglrbl"
Cuivls sudurslkis
Dridbgbict` ji kls
igprisls
Jislrr`kk`
s`db` '
id`cgbd`
.igpki`+
bcc`vldbc y
vlk`r s`dblk"
_`ticdblk ji iedbicdbl
ee Ijudldbc supirb`r y`rgldbc
ee Idbicdbl ic ik girdlj` jihbicis
ee Idbicdbl ic ik girdlj` jitrlhla`
ee Girdlj`s clcdbir`ss`stbdlj`s
ee_riplrldbc tidc`kfbdlee Zlgl` jik girdlj`
Bcc`vldbc y igpricjbgbict`
ee Ebclcdbldbc igpricjij`rlee _`ktbdls fuhirclgictlkisee _r`frlgls ji f`hbirc` plrl
ik igpricjbgbict`ee Ijudldbc ic
igpricjbgbict`ee Zrlcsiricdbl B-Jee Lpirturl girdlj` bctirc`ee Bcrlistrudturl kiflk+
d`girdblk y sbdl plrl ikigpricjbgbict`
ee C`rgls dukturlkis y s`dblkis
Igpricjbgbict`
Ldtbtujis1
ee _irdipdbc ji `p`rtucbjljisy dlpldbjljis= gbij` lkrldls`= istltus igpricjij`r#
Ldtbvbjljis1
ee @p`rtucbjlj/cidisbjlj+ itlplbcbdblk= igprisls istlhkidbjls=slkbjls#
Lspbrldb`cis1
ee Dridbgbict`+ bcc`vldbc+`rbictldbc bctircldb`clk#
Ebfurl B#< G`jik` d`cdiptulk jik FIG
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
11/94
Bctr`juddbc
< Kl Eucjldbc Nirbtlfi rilkbzl lculkgicti uc `r` s`hri k`s jbstbct`s bcjbdlj`ris i cjbdis qui ixbstic plrl gijbr ik dkbgl ji k`s cif`db`s+ kl d`g'pitbtbvbjlj y kl pr`picsbc igpricjij`rl l cbvik gucjblk# Ic isti `r` bctirvbicic bcvistbflj`ris vbcduklj`s lk V`rkj Hlcm .J`bcf Husbciss"+ lk V`rkjId`c`gbd E`rug .Fk`hlk D`gpitbtbviciss Xip`rt"+ lk Fk`hlk Ictripriciursnbp Xisilrdn Lss`dbltb`c .Fk`hlk Ictripriciursnbp G`cbt`r" y l kl NirbtlfiE`ucjltb`c .Bcjix Id`c`gbd Eriij`g"# Gs bc`rgldbc jbsp`cbhki ic1 nttp1//www#nirbtlfi#`rf/priss/ivicts/iv?5l#dg#
8 Xiyc`kjs+ H`sgl+ Lutb` it lk# .8??9"# Fk`hlk Ictripriciursnbp G`cbt`r1Jltl d`kkidtb`c jisbfc lcj bgpkigictltb`c+ '8??4+ Tglkk Husbciss Id`'c`gbds 8:+41 8?9'84
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
12/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
13/94
B# Git`j`k`fl
B# Git`j`k`fl4
Ik istujb` FIG rilkbzl lculkgicti ucl icduistl
lkilt`rbl l kl p`hkldbc ljuktl ic ucl jitirgbcljl
k`dlkbzldbc+ l pirs`cls d`c ijljis ic ik rlcf` ji
l 5: l`s# Kl prbgirl prifuctl qui si `rgukl
is1 Nl istlj` ustij bcv`kudrlj` ic ik ktbg` l` ic kl
puistl ic glrdnl ji ucl ldtbvbjlj igprislrblk+ kkgisi
cif`db` ` igprisl0 Jipicjbicj` ji su rispuistl+ kl
pirs`cl puiji dklsbdlrsi ic ucl ji kls sbfubictis lsis
jik pr`dis` igpricjij`r1
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
14/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
15/94
BB# _lrtbdbpldbc ji k`s plsis ic ik pir`j` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
16/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
17/94
BBB# Ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl ic H`f`t ic ik pirb`j` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
18/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
19/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
20/94
Ic ik 8? prbcdbplkis dbujljis ji Lgrbdl Kltbcl+
sifc ik Xlcmbcf ji dbujljis kltbc`lgirbdlcls plrl
kl ltrlddbc ji bcvirsb`cis BCLB>1 H`f`t lvlcz dultr`
kuflris+ jik c`vic` ic ik 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
21/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
22/94
8?
Zlghbic is kl dbujlj d`c ik gly`r cgir` ji
jisigpkilj`s y `duplj`s qui trlhlalc ic d`cjbdb`cis
ji suhigpki` y ic kl bc`rglkbjlj1 ic 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
23/94
BBB# Ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl ic H`f`t ic ik pirb`j` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
24/94
88
D# Zlsl ji drildbc ji igprisls ic H`f`t y`trls dbujljis jik pls ic ik 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
25/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
26/94
8:
Frd` 4#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
27/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
28/94
85
Ixbsti ucl dlctbjlj ji ldt`ris qui g`kjilc kl pirdipdbc
ji k`s h`f`tlc`s ricti l kl drildbc ji cuivls igprisls#
Ic isti dlptuk`+ lclkbzlrig`s lkfuc`s qui d`csbjirlg`s
ictri k`s gs rikivlctis# _`r iaigpk`+ kl bceuicdbl ji
k`s gijb`s ji d`gucbdldbc is jidbsbvl ic kl iv`kudbc
dukturlk ji k`s d`k`ghblc`s+ y jitirgbclr ticjicdbls
ji lddb`cis qui puijic `rtlkidir ik dridbgbict` ji
kls ldtbvbjljis ji igpricjbgbict`# Ls+ ik ldt`r ji kls
ldtbtujis y pirdipdb`cis s`c uc lspidt` ucjlgictlk
plrl lclkbzlr lk bcjbvbju` d`g` lficti prbcdbplk ic ik
id`sbstigl jik igpricjbgbict`#
L# _irdipdbc s`hri ucl p`sbhki ixpirbicdbligprislrblk
Ic ik duljr` :#8 si puiji lpridblr qui ic ik pir`j` ji
8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
29/94
BU# Ldtbtujis y pirdipdb`cis ji k`s h`f`tlc`s ericti l kl drildbc ji cuivls igprisls
Ik duljr` :#4 nldi riiricdbl lk p`rdictlai ji kl p`hkldbc
qui pbicsl qui lk igprislrb` si ki pristl sudbicti
duhrbgbict` p`r k`s gijb`s ji d`gucbdldbc# Ic isti
lspidt`+ H`f`t y D`k`ghbl glctbicic ucl tlsl sbgbklr l
kl jik l` lctirb`r pir`+ rikltbvlgicti d`c kl dklsbdldbc
ji dljl pir`j`+ kls p`sbdb`cis rispidtbvls si lv`ridbir`c
lk d`gplrlr d`c `tr`s plsis# Ic ik pir`j` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
30/94
8>
Duljr` :#4# D`gplrldbc bctircldb`clk ji kl vlk`rldbc s`dblk jik sir igprislrb` rispidt` lkduhrbgbict` ji k`s gijb`s ji d`gucbdldbc s`hri su `db`#
_ls
) ji kl p`hkldbc qui pbicsl
qui lk igprislrb` si ki
pristl suedbicti duhrbgbict`
p`r plrti ji k`s gijb`s jid`gucbdldbc
8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
31/94
BU# Ldtbtujis y pirdipdb`cis ji k`s h`f`tlc`s ericti l kl drildbc ji cuivls igprisls
id`c`gls bgpuksljls p`r ldt`ris glctbicic ucl p`sb'
dbc supirb`r l kl jik frup` ji plsis ji Lgrbdl Kltbcl#
Kls bgpkbdldb`cis ji ist`s risuktlj`s jiguistrlc qui
ic H`f`t y ic D`k`ghbl lc c` si istc rilkbzlcj`
isuirz`s sbfcbdltbv`s qui ripirdutlc ic kl drildbc ji
rijis s`dblkis ictri igpricjij`ris# Kls rijis s`dblkis
Duljr` :#:# D`gplrldbc bctircldb`clk jik d`c`dbgbict` qui kl p`hkldbc tbici s`hri uc igpricjij`r#
ictri igpricjij`ris si puijic bctifrlr l kl pkltl`rgl
hsbdl jik id`sbstigl ji igpricjbgbict` plrl flrlctbzlr
ucl gly`r pr`hlhbkbjlj ji xbt` ic kl d`cs`kbjldbc
ji igprisls s`sticbhkis# Is bgp`rtlcti rislktlr qui
ik xbt` ji kl drildbc y d`cs`kbjldbc ji rijis ictri
igpricjij`ris plrti jik kbjirlzf` ji lfictis dklvis
jictr` jik id`sbstigl jik igpricjbgbict`#
J# Zig`r lk erldls` igprislrblk
Ik tig`r lk rldls` igprislrblk is uc` ji k`s ldt`ris qui
puiji jbduktlr y kbgbtlr ik jislrr`kk` ji kls ldtbvbjljis
igpricjij`rls# Isti ldt`r+ ist rikldb`clj` tlghbc d`c
kl `rgl ic qui k`s d`k`ghblc`s/h`f`tlc`s pirdbhic k`s
rldls`s igprislrblkis y ki lsbfclc ucl dlrldtirbzldbc
dukturlk#
_ls
) ji kl p`hkldbc qui
d`c`di pirs`clkgicti
lkfc igpricjij`r qui nl
bcbdblj` uc cif`db` ic k`s
ktbg`s j`s l`s 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
32/94
4?
H`f`t tuv` uc dlghb` ic su p`sbdbc rispidt` lk pir`j`
lctirb`r1 jik puist` 48 d`c ucl tlsl ji 4:+6) .rispidt`
l uc t`tlk ji 99 p`sbhkis p`sbdb`cis" pls lk puist`
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
33/94
BU# Ldtbtujis y pirdipdb`cis ji k`s h`f`tlc`s ericti l kl drildbc ji cuivls igprisls
I# _irdipdbc ji `p`rtucbjljis
Kl pirdipdbc ji `p`rtucbjljis ist rikldb`cljl d`c kl
g`tbvldbc plrl igpricjir y pirgbti bjictbdlr kl `rgl
ic qui kl p`hkldbc puiji ldtulr ic ik prisicti y l
d`rt` pklz`# H`f`t tbici p`sbdbc guy jistldljl d`cucl tlsl ji 6
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
34/94
48
id`c`gl d`k`ghblcl pir` pr`durlcj` ik iqubkbhrb` d`c
kl prisirvldbc jik gijb` lghbicti= .8" qui si driic
bcdictbv`s plrl jislrr`kklr dkustirs d`gpitbtbv`s l cbvik
fk`hlk d`c ik lp`y` ji bcvirsbc ixtrlcairl jbridtl pir`
glcticbicj` cif`dbldb`cis qui flrlctbdic kl pr`tiddbc
ji kls rbquizls jik pls= y .4" qui si driic lkblczls d`c
kls ictbjljis kjiris ji kl pr`tiddbc bcjustrblk plrl qui
dulkqubir bcbdbltbvl igpricjij`rl ticfl kl dlrldtirstbdl
ji sir pr`tifbjl plrl ucl ixpk`tldbc id`cgbdl idbicti
ic ik ict`rc` cldb`clk i bctircldb`clk#
Ik lckbsbs ji k`s lspidt`s rikldb`clj`s d`c kls ldtbtujis
y pirdipdb`cis ji k`s h`f`tlc`s ricti l kl drildbc ji
cuivls igprisls prisictl uc plc`rlgl sltbsldt`rb` i
bcqubitlcti l kl viz# Ik klj` sltbsldt`rb` `hijidi l qui
k`s d`k`ghblc`s tbicic huicl pirdipdbc ji kl `pdbc ji
kl dlrrirl igprislrblk y kls `p`rtucbjljis ji drilr ucl
igprisl# Ik klj` bcqubitlcti hijidi+ sifc k`s risuktlj`s
ji isti dlptuk`+ l qui ik id`sbstigl ji igpricjbgbict`
tbici lkicdbls lk quirir jlr bgpuks` nldbl kl lddbc ji ucl
lktl g`tbvldbc plrl igpricjir# Kls lkicdbls si prisictlc
p`r dls`s d`g` k`s sbfubictis1 lusicdbl ji rijis ji
igpricjij`ris y igprislrb`s= c` ixbsti ucl dljicl
ji d`ctldt`s qui pirgbtl ik bctirdlghb` ji ridurs`s cb
tlkict` nuglc` i bc`rgldbc qui bgpuksi kls bcbdbltbvls
ji igprisl= k`s gijb`s ji d`gucbdldbc c` guistrlc uc
bcdrigict` sbfcbdltbv` ji kl lticdbc lk igpricjbgbict`+
qui jihirl bcv`kudrlrsi ic jbvirsbjlj ji `rglt`s ji
d`gucbdldbc plrl qui ixbstbirl ucl bceuicdbl uirti qui
jbriddb`ci l k`s p`ticdblkis igpricjij`ris nldbl kl lddbc
ji glcirl d`ctucjicti# Ji isti ktbg` lspidt` pri`dupl
qui kls pirs`cls lc tbicic ucl tlsl sbgbklr ji gbij` lk
rldls` qui kls ji pir`j`s lctirb`ris+ sbc ighlrf`+ istl
sbtuldbc tbici trlzlhbkbjlj ic `tr`s lspidt`s ji kl isirl
dukturlk d`g` kl `rgldbc ji vlk`ris ic kl lgbkbl y kl
ijudldbc jisji kl bclcdbl#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
35/94
U# _irek ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
U# _irkjiklldtbvbjljigpricjij`rl
L# Ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl p`r fcir`
D`c`dir ik pirk ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl is dklvi plrl
jbsilr p`ktbdls y pklcis ji lddbc qui pirgbtlc lp`ylr
kl jbcgbdl ji k`s igpricjij`ris y igprislrb`s# Ic istl
siddbc si lclkbzlc ispidblkgicti kls dlrldtirstbdls ji kl
p`hkldbc ic dulct` l kl tlsl ji ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
sifc fcir` y g`tbvldb`cis ji cidisbjlj d`ctrl`p`rtucbjlj# Ik pirk ji k`s igpricjij`ris sir uc bcsug`
bcjbspicslhki plrl bgpkigictlr istrltifbls ji drildbc ji
rijis s`dblkis ji d``pirldbc cldb`clk i bctircldb`clk qui
bgpuksic ik id`sbstigl ji igpricjbgbict` ic D`k`ghbl#
Ic ik frd` 9#< si `hsirvl qui kl tlsl ji kl ldtbvbjlj
igpricjij`rl .ZIL" ic D`k`ghbl ji k`s n`ghris is gs
lktl d`c uc 85+2) rispidt` l kls ji kls guairis d`c uc
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
36/94
4:
H# G`tbvldb`cis plrl igpricjir ji k`s h`f`tlc`sy h`f`tlcls
Ic ik frd` 9#4 si icduictrlc k`s risuktlj`s ji kl tlsl
ji ldtbvbjlj ji igpricjbgbict` sifc kls g`tbvldb`cis
qui surfic ji kl rikldbc y pirdipdb`cis jik igpricjij`r
d`c su ict`rc`# Ic H`f`t+ kl pr`p`rdbc jik t`tlk ji
igpricjij`ris g`tbvlj`s p`r kls `p`rtucbjljis ist
lkrijij`r ji uc >4+9)+ gbictrls k`s igpricjbgbict`s p`r
cidisbjlj istc lkrijij`r ji ucl tlsl ji uc 5) l +4)
9+9)
9+9)
9+)
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
37/94
U# _irek ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
Ik frd` 9#9 si jbsdrbgbcl p`r ik tbp` ji g`tbvldbc quibgpuksl l kls guairis nldbl ik igpricjbgbict` ic D`k`ghbl
y kls dbujljis ji H`f`t+ Dlkb+ y Gijikkc# Ti puiji vir
qui H`f`t tbici kl tlsl gs lktl ji igpricjbgbict`
p`r `p`rtucbjlj jik pls d`c uc vlk`r ji uc >
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
38/94
45
Frd` 9#5# D`gplrldbc lculk ji kl g`tbvldbc plrl igpricjir ic H`f`t ic 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
39/94
U# _irek ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
D# Cbvik ji ijudldbc
Xispidt` lk cbvik ji ijudldbc ji k`s igpricjij`ris y
k`s g`tbv`s qui k`s nlc bgpukslj` l drilr igprisl is
bgp`rtlcti d`c`dir qui kl ijudldbc si d`cvbirti ic ucl
vlrblhki qui jitirgbcl kls lddb`cis prisictis y uturls
qui puijic rilkbzlr k`s igpricjij`ris# Ik frd` 9#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
40/94
4>
Frd` 9#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
41/94
U# _irek ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
I# Cbvik ji bcfris`s
Ic ik frd` 9#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
42/94
:?
D`csbjirlcj` ik frd` 9#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
43/94
U# _irek ji kl ldtbvbjlj igpricjij`rl
F# Cbvik ji tidc`k`fl
Ik duljr` 9#8 guistrl ik cbvik ji tidc`k`fl ji kls cuivls
igprisls y kls igprisls istlhkidbjls ic H`f`t# Ti
`hsirvl qui c` nly dlghb`s rljbdlkis ic dulct` lk frlj`
ji lpr`pbldbc ji kls tidc`k`fls# Kl rikldbc ji us` jikcbvik tidc`kfbd` plrl cuivls igprisls sbfui prisictlcj`
uc jlt` pri`duplcti1 ik 9?) ji kls cuivls igprisls ic
H`f`t c` uslc tidc`k`fl# _lrl igprisls istlhkidbjls
istl tlsl is jik 6?)# D`csbjirlcj` dljl ucl ji kls
dltif`rls ji igprisls si c`tlc j`s lspidt`s1 .
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
44/94
:8
Frd` 9#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
45/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kldrildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
D`g` si ixpus` ic ik dlptuk` bcbdblk ji isti bc`rgi+
ik istujb` jik igpricjbgbict` d`c kl git`j`k`fl
jikFIG d`gpricji k`s risuktlj`s ji ictrivbstls
rilkbzljls l ixpirt`s ji vlrbls dbujljis ji
D`k`ghbl+ s`hri kl pirdipdbc ji kls d`cjbdb`cis s`db`'
id`cgbdls y ik glrd` bcstbtudb`clk jik igpricjbgbict`
ic D`k`ghbl# _`r tlct`+ isti dlptuk` si d`cdictrlr iclclkbzlr kls sbtuldb`cis gs rikivlctis qui bceuicdblc
k`s dlghb`s ic ik id`sbstigl jik igpricjbgbict`# K`s
ixpirt`s jik FIG 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
46/94
::
ldt`r qui si riiri l k`s ridurs`s y lk lp`y` clcdbir` l
k`s qui puijic lddijir k`s igpricjij`ris#
Ictri k`s lspidt`s qui nlc ticbj` ucl dlkbdldbc
rifuklr+ y qui si ispirlrl qui nuhbirlc gia`rlj` pir`
c` nl `durrbj` ls+ s`c1 ik lddis` l kl bcrlistrudturl
sbdl+ ucl ji kls jbduktljis pirglcictis ic D`k`ghbl
j`cji vbicic nldbcj`si lvlcdis pr`frisbv`s gls c`
sudbictis= ik lp`y` lk igpricjbgbict` ji lkt` bgpldt`
.ILB" qui si nl bjictbdlj` d`g` istrltfbd` ic kl p`ktbdl
cldb`clk ji igpricjbgbict`= kl ijudldbc y `rgldbc+
qui d`ctbcl d`c ucl pirspidtbvl jislaustljl ricti
l k`s d`c`dbgbict`s y nlhbkbjljis ucjlgictlkis plrl
pr`g`vir ik igpricjbgbict`= y k`s pr`frlgls jik
f`hbirc`+ qui p`r su dlkbdldbc rieialc bcidbicdbls ic kl
drildbc ji sbcirfbls plrl lrtbduklr kls istrltifbls ji kls
p`ktbdls fuhirclgictlkis#
_`r ktbg`+ si puiji `hsirvlr qui kl dlkbdldbc ji
t`j`s k`s lspidt`s qui g`jiklc ik id`sbstigl jik
igpricjbgbict` nlc jisgia`rlj` sbfcbdltbvlgicti
ic ik l` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
47/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
Ln`rl+ d`gplrlcj` kls d`cjbdb`cis plrl ik igpric'
jbgbict` ic H`f`t ictri k`s l`s 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
48/94
:5
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
49/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
Frd` 5#:# Ivlkuldbc ji k`s pr`frlgls fuhirclgictlkis qui lp`ylcik igpricjbgbict` ic D`k`ghbl y H`f`t#
+
8+??
8+
4+??
?+?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
50/94
:>
Frd` 5#5# Ulk`rldbc gijbl ji k`s ixpirt`s ldirdl ji kls d`cjbdb`cis ji bcrlistrudturl sbdld`c kls qui duictl H`f`t y D`k`ghbl#
Euicti1 FIGH`f`t 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
51/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
9# Euictis ji eclcdblgbict` plrl kl drildbc ji
cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
Isti ldt`r+ auct` l kl trlcsiricdbl ji B-J-b qui si
lclkbzlr ic isti dlptuk`+ is ji k`s qui gs pri`duplc
ic ik ict`rc` jik igpricjbgbict` d`k`ghblc`# Kl
pirdipdbc ji k`s d`gp`cictis ji isti ldt`r ic ik
8?5 riiricti l qui nly sudbictis uictisji clcdbldbc pr`pbl plrl clcdblr kls igprisls cuivls
y ic dridbgbict`# Kl pirdipdbc ji isti lspidt` is
bcixpkbdlhki jisji ik puct` ji vbstl jik dridbgbict` ldtulk
ji kl id`c`gl d`k`ghblcl+ pir` si p`jrl austbdlr jihbj`
l qui D`k`ghbl+ d`c uc cjbdi Fbcb ji 95+ is ik pls gs
jisbfulk ji Lgrbdl Kltbcl+ y su cbvik ji p`hrizl is lkt`
.JC_+ 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
52/94
9?
Frd` 5#2 Ivlkuldbc ji kls uictis ji clcdblgbict` plrl kl drildbc ji igprisls ic H`f`ty su d`gplrldbc d`c ik l` lctirb`r#
Euicti1 FIGH`f`t 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
53/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
d`g` p`rdictlai riprisictltbv` jik _BH# Istl gitl puiji
pklctilrsi plrl pr`g`vir ik jislrr`kk` l klrf` pklz` pir`
qui prisicti risuktlj`s d`cdrit`s l d`rt` pklz`#
5# _r`pbijlj bctikidtulk i bcjustrblk d`c kls qui
duictl H`f`t
@tr` lspidt` qui bceuyi ic kls d`cjbdb`cis plrl pr`pbdblr
u hstldukbzlr ik igpricjbgbict` is kl kifbskldbc riiricti
l pr`pbijlj bctikidtulk# K`s risuktlj`s jik 8?
? < 8 4 : 9
Kl victl bkiflk ji d`pbls pbrltls ji s`etwlri+ vbji`s+ DJsy pr`judt`s rifbstrlj`s C@ ist guy ixticjbjl#
Kl kifbskldbc s`hri jiridn`s ji pr`pbijlj bctikidtulksi nldi dugpkbr ji glcirl iebdlz#
Ycl cuivl igprisl puiji d`ceblr ic qui sus pltictis+jiridn`s ji lut`r y glrdls rifbstrljls sirc rispitljls#
Ti ldiptl ic ficirlk qui k`s jiridn`s ji k`s bcvict`riss`hri sus bcvicdb`cis jihirlc sir rispitlj`s#
Kl kifbskldbc s`hri jiridn`s ji pr`pbijlj bctikidtulkis guy d`gpkitl#
H`f`t 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
54/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
55/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
ic`dl ic kl vblhbkbjlj tdcbdl plrl istlhkidir p`ktbdls
qui si `rbictic l pr`g`vir kl jbcgbdl g`jikljl p`r ik
sbstigl cldb`clk ji dbicdbl y tidc`k`fl l c ji bgpukslr
igpricjbgbict`s#
Ic ik frd` 5#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
56/94
9:
Ic ik frd` 5#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
57/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
4# Lp`y` l igprisls ji dridbgbict` ji Lkt` Bgpldt`
Frd` 5#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
58/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
59/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
plrl kl guair# K`s lspidt`s lidtlj`s qui jisgia`rlc
ic pirdipdbc l jbiricdbl jik l` 8?
? < 8 4 : 9
Ixbstic suebdbictis sirvbdb`s s`dblkis jbsp`cbhkis plrl qui
kls guairis puijlc sifubr trlhlalcj` bcdkus` jispus ji
nlhir e`rglj` ucl elgbkbl#
Kls guairis tbicic bfulk lddis` l huicls p`rtucbjljis
plrl drilr ucl igprisl qui k`s n`ghris#
Ti e`gictl ictri kls guairis ik lut`'igpki` kl drildbc
ji igprisls#
Drilr ucl igprisl is ucl pdbc pr`eisb`clk s`dblkgicti
ldiptljl plrl kl guair#
Kls guairis tbicic ik gbsg` cbvik ji d`c`dbgbict`s y
nlhbkbjljis plrl kl drildbc ji igprisls qui k`s n`ghris#
H`f`t 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
60/94
9>
_`r k` lctirb`r+ surfi kl cidisbjlj ji pr`g`vir uc
dlghb` dukturlk qui vlk`ri jihbjlgicti l kl uirzl klh`rlk
igicbcl plrl qui ticfl gly`r bctirs ic plrtbdbplr d`c
igpricjbgbict`s ` bctrligpricjbgbict`s qui s`p`rtic kl
istrltifbl ji jislrr`kk` jik pls#
Ic ik d`ctixt` cldb`clk kl pirdipdbc jik lp`y` l kl guair
plrl sir igpricjij`rl tbici ucl dlkbdldbc sbgbklr l kl
ji kl dbujlj ji H`f`t# Tifc k`s frd`s 5# y 5#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
61/94
UB# D`cjbdb`cis ficirlkis jik ict`rc` ic qui si jislrr`kkl kl drildbc y ik dridbgbict` ji kls cuivls igprisls ic H`f`t
Kl pirdipdbc ji `p`rtucbjljis is uc` ji k`s lspidt`s
gia`r dlkbdlj`s p`r k`s ixpirt`s ic rikldbc d`c t`j`s
k`s ldt`ris lclkbzlj`s ic ik istujb` jik igpricjbgbict`#
Ic ik frd` 5#8? si lpridbl qui ik d`gp`cicti d`c
gly`r dlkbdldbc si riiri l kls `p`rtucbjljis qui si
puijic vbsulkbzlr ic ik pls plrl drilr cuivls igprisls#
Isti lspidt` d`ctrlstl d`c ik d`gp`cicti Nly gs
`p`rtucbjljis huicls plrl drilr igprisls qui ficti
priplrljl plrl ixpk`tlrkls+ qui is ucl lrgldbc qui is
ldiptljl .d`c dlkbdldbc ji 4 ` supirb`r" ic ik l` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
62/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
63/94
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
L# Cbvik bcjbvbjulk
L d`ctbculdbc si prisictlrlc dlrldtirstbdls rikldb`cljls
d`c kl bctircldb`clkbzldbc ji k`s igpricjij`ris
h`f`tlc`s1
)"#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
64/94
58
Isti pltrc si prisictl tlghbc ic ik dls` ji k`s cuiv`s
igpricjij`ris ic ik cbvik ji D`k`ghbl# Kl jbiricdbl ictri
n`ghris y guairis si rijudi l gijbjl qui kl ldturldbc
ji kls igprisls tbici uc gly`r d`gp`cicti ixp`rtlj`r
.virfrd` 6#8"+ sb hbic stl jbiricdbl vuikvi l dlir ic k`s
cbvikis gs lkt`s ji kl isdlkl+ dulcj` kls ixp`rtldb`cis
iqubvlkic l gs ji 69) jik t`tlk# Tbc ighlrf`+ d`g` si
puiji lpridblr ic kl d`gplrldbc ictri k`s frd`s 6#< y
6#8+ kl plrtbdbpldbc ji kls guairis is kbfirlgicti gs lktl
ic H`f`t qui ic ik rist` jik pls#
Ic ik dls` ji k`s igpricjij`ris istlhkidbj`s+ c`
s`klgicti is gs lktl kl plrtbdbpldbc ji kls ixp`rtldb`cis
ic kls victls ic ik dls` ji H`f`t qui ic t`tlk cldb`clk+
sbc` qui kl plrtbdbpldbc ji kls guairis h`f`tlcls
tbicjic l ticir pr`p`rdb`cis gly`ris jictr` jik frup`
ji ixp`rtlj`ris+ l gijbjl qui lugictl kl plrtbdbpldbc
ji kls victls ixtircls ic ik t`tlk# Ic k`s frd`s 6#4 y 6#:
si puiji lpridblr dg` ik 5>+:) ji k`s igpricjij`ris
n`ghris ic H`f`t y ik 99+
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
65/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
66/94
5:
8# Ijlj
Kls jbstrbhudb`cis ji k`s cuiv`s igpricjij`ris sifc
ijlj s`c hlstlcti sbgbklris ic H`f`t y ic ik t`tlk ji
D`k`ghbl .virfrd`s 6#9 y 6#5"# Ic lgh`s dls`s si lpridbl
qui nly ucl ticjicdbl lk lugict` ic kl ijlj l gijbjl qui
si bcdrigictl ik p`rdictlai ji kls ixp`rtldb`cis d`g`
pr`p`rdbc ji kls victls t`tlkis qui k`s igpricjij`ris
lspbrlc l rilkbzlr# Ls+ p`r iaigpk`+ gbictrls ik 94+9)
ji k`s cuiv`s igpricjij`ris h`f`tlc`s qui ist ic
ik frup` qui lspbrl l nldir nlstl ik 89) ji sus victls
ic k`s girdlj`s ixtirc`s tbici gs ji 49 l`s+ isl
pr`p`rdbc suhi l 9>) ic ik dls` ji k`s qui lspbrlc l
vicjir gs jik 69) ji su pr`juddbc ic k`s girdlj`s
ixtirc`s# Isls pr`p`rdb`cis s`c kbfirlgicti bcirb`ris ic
ik t`tlk cldb`clk+ pir` kl ticjicdbl si glctbici#
Kl ticjicdbl l qui kls gly`ris pr`p`rdb`cis ji
ixp`rtldb`cis ic kls victls d`rrlc ji kl glc` d`c gly`ris
ijljis ji kls pirs`cls si nldi gs glrdljl ictri k`s
igpricjij`ris istlhkidbj`s+ tlct` ic H`f`t d`g` ic
ik t`tlk cldb`clk .virfrd`s 6#6 y 6#>"# Tbc ighlrf`+ ic
H`f`t si lpridbl ucl gly`r ticjicdbl l qui k`s avicis
k`fric risuktlj`s ji lktl bctircldb`clkbzldbc# _`r iaigpk`+
gbictrls ic H`f`t ik 8>+5) ji k`s igpricjij`ris qui
ixp`rtlc gs jik 69) ji sus victls tbici gic`s ji 4:
l`s ji ijlj+ ic ik t`tlk jik pls ik p`rdictlai qui ist ic
isti rlcf` ji ijlj is gic`r .88#8)"#
Frd` 6#9# _r`p`rdbc ji cuiv`s igpricjij`ris h`f`tlc`s sifc bcticsbjlj ji ixp`rtldbcp`r ijlj+ 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
67/94
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
4# Cbvik ijudltbv`
Kls dbrls guistrlc qui ik cbvik ji ijudldbc jik
igpricjij`r ist rikldb`clj` d`c kl glfcbtuj ji sus
lspbrldb`cis ji d`cqubstlr girdlj`s bctircldb`clkis y
tlghbc d`c ik cbvik ji sus rilkbzldb`cis ic isti dlgp`#
Istls ticjicdbls s`c gs glrdljls ic H`f`t qui ic ik
t`tlk jik pls#
Ictri k`s cuiv`s igpricjij`ris ic H`f`t .virfrd`
6#2"+ ik p`rdictlai qui lspbrl l ticir ictri ik 89) y ik
69) ji sus victls ic ik ixtirb`r y duictl lk gic`s d`c
ijudldbc tdcbdl is ji 58+6)# Ik p`rdictlai qui lspbrl l
ticir lk gic`s ik 69) ji sus victls ic ik ixtirb`r y tbici
lk gic`s ijudldbc tdcbdl is >:+4)#
Ictri tlct`+ ic ik t`tlk jik pls .vir frd` 6#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
68/94
55
K`s risuktlj`s ji k`s igpricjij`ris istlhkidbj`s
riuirzlc istl ticjicdbl y d`crglc qui kl ijudldbc is
uc ldt`r guy bgp`rtlcti plrl k`frlr gitls lghbdb`sls ick`s girdlj`s ixtirc`s .virfrd`s 6#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
69/94
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
:# Cbvik ji bcfris`s
Kl lghbdbc ji ticir ucl igprisl qui k`fri uc lkt`
frlj` ji bctircldb`clkbzldbc sbc jujl ist rikldb`cljl
d`c k`s cbvikis ji bcfris` ji kls pirs`cls+ y istl
ticjicdbl is gs uirti ic H`f`t qui ic ik t`tlk cldb`clk.vir frd`s 6#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
70/94
5>
Frd` 6#
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
71/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
72/94
6?
Frd` 6## _r`p`rdbc ji cuiv`s igpricjij`ris d`k`ghblc`s sifc bcticsbjljji ixp`rtldbc+ 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
73/94
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
H# Cbvik Igprislrblk
Ik istujb` FIG gbji kl plrtbdbpldbc ji kls igprisls
ji k`s igpricjij`ris icduistlj`s ic k`s girdlj`s
ji ixp`rtldb`cis y istlhkidi rlcf`s ji lduirj` d`c kl
plrtbdbpldbc ji k`s dkbictis qui risbjic ic ik ixtirb`rjictr` jik t`tlk# FIG istlhkidi dultr` dltif`rls plrl
istl vlrblhki1 kl dltif`rl < d`rrisp`cji l lquikkls
igprisls qui c` tbicic dkbictis uirl jik pls= kl dltif`rl
8 plrl lquikkls qui tbicic gic`s jik 89) ji sus dkbictis
uirl jik pls= kl dltif`rl 4 dulcj` tbicic ictri ik 85)
y 69) ji sus dkbictis uirl jik pls= y kl dltif`rl : plrl
lquikkls qui tbicic ictri ik 65) y
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
74/94
68
8# Cbvik ji tidc`k`fl ic cuivls bcbdbltbvls
igpricjij`rls
FIG pirgbti rilkbzlr ucl lpr`xbgldbc ji k`s cbvikis
tidc`kfbd`s qui dlrldtirbzlc l kls igprisls+ puis kis
prifuctl l k`s icduistlj`s sb utbkbzlc tidc`k`fl jbsp`cbhki
nldi gic`s ji uc l` .tidc`k`fl ji puctl"+ ` sb utbkbzlc
tidc`k`fls qui nlc istlj` jbsp`cbhkis p`r uc pir`j` ji
uc` l dbcd` l`s+ ` sb uslc tidc`k`fl qui tbici gs ji
dbcd` l`s ji ijlj#
Ic kls igprisls ji k`s cuiv`s igpricjij`ris si glrdl
ucl jrstbdl jbiricdbl ictri ik d`gp`rtlgbict` ji
H`f`t y ik t`tlk ji D`k`ghbl ic rikldbc d`c ik us` ji
tidc`k`fl+ sifc isti drbtirb` .virfrd`s 6#88 y 6#84"#
Ic H`f`t+ kl d`cdbicdbl s`hri kl cidisbjlj ji d`ctlr
d`c tidc`k`fl ridbicti is gudn` gs uirti qui ic
ik t`tlk jik pls# Ictri kls igprisls qui lspbrlc ticir
ictri ik 89) y ik 69) ji sus dkbictis ic ik ixtirb`r+ p`r
iaigpk`+ ik 84+2) ji kls igprisls tbicic tidc`k`fl
ji puctl y ik 4:+4) tbicic cuivl tidc`k`fl+ qui ui
pr`judbjl ictri uc` y dbcd` l`s ltrs# Ictri tlct`+ ic
k`s risuktlj`s jik t`tlk jik pls lplridi qui+ ic kl gbsgl
dltif`rl ji igprisls qui lspbrlc l ticir ictri ik 89)
y ik 69) ji sus dkbictis ic ik ixtirb`r+ ik >+8) lspbrlc l
ticir tidc`k`fl ji puctl#
Frd` 6#88# _r`p`rdbc ji cuivls bcbdbltbvls igpricjij`rls ic H`f`t sifc bcticsbjlj jiixp`rtldbc p`r cbvik ji tidc`k`fl+ 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
75/94
UBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctircldb`clkbzldbc ic H`f`t
4# Cbvik ji tidc`k`fl ic igprisls istlhkidbjls
Ic ik dls` ji kls igprisls istlhkidbjls si prisictl
ucl jbiricdbl sbgbklr ictri kls igprisls h`f`tlcls y
kls jik t`tlk ik pls ic ik tigl ji kl tidc`k`fl+ j`cji
kls prbgirls guistrlc ucl gly`r ticjicdbl l husdlr
kl ldtulkbzldbc tidc`kfbdl# _`r iaigpk`+ ictri kls
igprisls qui tbicic ictri ik 89) y ik 69) ji sus
dkbictis ic ik ixtirb`r+ ik >+4) p`sii tidc`k`fl ji
puctl .qui lplridb ic ik girdlj` nldi gic`s ji uc
l`" y ik 44+4) tbici cuivls tidc`k`fls .lplridbir`c
ic ik girdlj` nldi gs ji uc l` y gic`s ji dbcd`
l`s"# Ictri tlct`+ ic ik t`tlk cldb`clk+ ic isl gbsgl
dltif`rl ji igprisls+ ik 8+8) usl tidc`k`fl ji
puctl y ik rist` lbrgl qui c` usl tidc`k`fl .vir
frbd`s 6#8: y 6#89"#
Frd` 6#8:# _r`p`rdbc ji igprisls istlhkidbjls ic H`f`t sifc bcticsbjlj ji ixp`rtldbc p`rcbvik ji tidc`k`fl+ 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
76/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
77/94
UBBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctrligpricjbgbict` ic H`f`t
UBBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctrligpricjbgbict` ic H`f`t
L# Cbvik bcjbvbjulk
Ik Bctrligpricjbgbict` is uc icgic` bcjbvbjulk+ ik dulk
d`ctrbhuyi p`sbtbvlgicti lk `rtlkidbgbict` y dridbgbict`
ji kls igprisls yl ixbstictis# Ik FIG ictbicji p`r ik
trgbc` bctrligpricjbgbict` d`g` kl lddbc ji pirs`cls
qui jisigpilc uc plpik ji kbjirlzf` ic kl drildbc y
ic ik jislrr`kk` ji pr`yidt`s y ldtbvbjljis qui d`ckkivlc
l kl d`c`rgldbc ji cuivls ucbjljis ji cif`db`
ic kl `rflcbzldbc plrl kl dulk trlhlalc# L pislr ji kl
bgp`rtlcdbl jik Bctrligpricjbgbict` plrl id`c`gls qui
husdlc d`cs`kbjlr kls bcjustrbls ixbstictis+ ik istujb` jik
FIG Gucjblk icd`ctr ic ik pir`j` 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
78/94
65
ZLB .Zlsl ji Ldtbvbjlj Bctrligpricjij`rl"
_`rdictlai jik t`tlk ji kl p`hkldbc qui nl istlj` bcv`kudrljl ick`s ktbg`s 4 l`s ic ldtbvbjljis bctrligpricjij`rls#
_`rdictlai jik t`tlk ji kl p`hkldbc ji igpkilj`s qui nl istlj`bcv`kudrljl ic k`s ktbg`s 4 l`s ic ldtbvbjljis bctrligpricjij`rls#
D`k`ghbl
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
79/94
UBBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctrligpricjbgbict` ic H`f`t
8# Fcir` i Bctrligpricjbgbict`
_lrl ik dls` ji H`f`t+ si ivbjicdbl ucl gly`r
plrtbdbpldbc ji n`ghris bcv`kudrlj`s ic ldtbvbjljis
ji bctrligpricjbgbict`# Tifc ik istujb` y tlk d`g`
si ivbjicdbl ic ik frd` >###8# Jbstrbhudbc p`r ijlj+ sifc fcir` ji k`s igpricjij`ris H`f`tlc`s#
#
N`ghris
Guairis
')
'8:+4)
'
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
80/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
81/94
UBBB# Xisuktlj`s dklvis s`hri Bctrligpricjbgbict` ic H`f`t
H# Cbvik ji Igprisl
#9# Jbstrbhudbc slklrblk ji k`s igpricjij`ris h`f`tlc`s##
8:+6)
89+5)
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
82/94
>?
8# _irdipdbc s`hri kls dlpldbjljis y nlhbkbjljis qui riqubiric k`s bctrligpricjij`ris
y k`s igpricjij`ris plrl igpricjir ic H`f`t#
Euicti1 _riplrlj` p`r k`s lut`ris# FIG'H`f`t 8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
83/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
84/94
>8
D`c rispidt` lk tigl ji sb d`c`di pirs`clkgicti l
`tr` igpricjij`r+ ik 92) ji k`s bctrligpricjij`ris
rip`rtlr`c lrgltbvlgicti l istl prifuctl+ d`gplrlj`
d`c ik 95) k`s igpricjij`ris qui tlghbc k` nldic#
K`s frd`s >####
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
85/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
86/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
87/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
88/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
89/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
90/94
>>
Lcix` 8# Fk`slrb` ji k`s prbcdbplkis trgbc`s i bcjbdlj`ris jik Fk`hlk Ictripriciursnbp G`cbt`r ' FIG
Bcjbdlj`r Jisdrbpdbc
LDZBUBJLJ IG_XICJIJ@XL
Zlsl ji igpricjij`ris cldbictis
_`rdictlai ji pirs`cls ictri y 5: l`s qui istc ldtbvlgicti d`gpr`gitbj`sic ik istlhkidbgbict` ji uc cif`db` jik dulk is pr`pbitlrb` ` d`pr`pbitlrb`+ y quic` nl plflj` slklrb`s+ n`c`rlrb`s ` dulkqubir `tr` tbp` plf` l k`s jui`s p`r gsji 4 gisis
Zlsl ji cuiv`s igpricjij`ris_`rdictlai ji pirs`cls ictri y 5: l`s qui s`c ldtulkgicti pr`pbitlrb`s y/`ljgbcbstrlj`ris ji uc cif`db` qui nl plflj` slklrb`s+ n`c`rlrb`s ` dulkqubir `tr`tbp` plf` p`r uc pir`j` ji 4 l :8 gisis
Cbvik ji Cuivl Ldtbvbjlj Igpricjij`rl .ZIL"_`rdictlai ji pirs`cls ictri y 5: l`s qui s`c igpricjij`ris cldbictis `cuiv`s igpricjij`ris
Zlsl ji igpricjij`ris istlhkidbj`s_`rdictlai ji pirs`cls ictri y 5: l`s qui s`c pr`pbitlrb`s y ljgbcbstrlj`risji uc cif`db` qui nl plflj` slklrb`s+ n`c`rlrb`s ` dulkqubir `tr` tbp` plf` l suspr`pbitlrb`s p`r gs ji :8 gisis
Zlsl ji dbirri ji igprisls
_`rdictlai ji pirs`cls ictri y 5: l`s qui ic k` ktbg`s
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
91/94
^# Lcix s
Lcix`4#Ldtbvbjljisigpricjij`rlsickls99id`c`glsFIG+8?
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
92/94
2?
_ls
Zlsl
Igpricjij`ris
Cldbictis
Zlsl Cuiv`s
Igpricjij`ris
Zlsl Z`tlk Ldtbvbjlj
Igpricjij`rl .ZIL"
Zlsl
Igpricjij`ris
Istlhkidbj`s
Tlkbjls
Igprislrblkis
ZIL
Cidisbjlj )
ZIL
@p`rtucbjlj )
Igbrlt`s rlhisYcbj`s
4+6 8+5 5+8 8+6 :+>
N`klcjl :+4 :+< >+8 >+6 8+? 2+< 58+4
Bcfkltirrl :+6 8+5 6+4 6+8 8+? +? 4+: 82+9 45+2
Alpc 4+4 8+? 9+8 >+4 ?+6 8:+2 54+9
C`ruifl 4+6 4+4 5+2 5+5 8+9 :+4 6?+9
_`rtuflk :+5 4+? 6+9 9+6 8+2 9>+ 8+> 5+5 4+4 8+< 6+? 4+8 5+< 56+5
Tubzl 4+6 8+2 5+5
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
93/94
7/23/2019 Informe GEM Bogot 2011-2012
94/94
Top Related