Post on 29-Aug-2020
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M5 M5 TerritorioTerritorio y y SocioeconomSocioeconomííaa
La La EcologEcologííaa del del PaisajePaisajey y susu utilidadutilidad parapara
la la restauracirestauracióónn de de EcosistemasEcosistemas
RamRamóón Elenan Elena--RossellRossellóó, Santiago , Santiago SauraSaura y y ValentValentíínn GGóómezmez--SanzSanz
UPMUPM--ETSI Montes, ETSI Montes, ForestalForestal y y MedioMedio NaturalNatural
LandscapeLandscape EcologyEcology & & EcosystemEcosystem RestaurationRestaurationBasic Concepts Basic Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
–– HumansHumans, , landslands, , landscapeslandscapes: : artisticartistic scientificscientific..–– SocioSocio--economicseconomics, , ecologyecology, socio, socio--ecologyecology–– ScaleScale, , graingrain, , extentextent, , integrationintegration levellevel,,–– LandscapeLandscape factorsfactors–– LandscapeLandscape typestypes
LandscapeLandscape structurestructure–– LandscapeLandscape elementselements–– CompositionComposition–– ConfigurationConfiguration–– StructuralStructural modellingmodelling: : FragstatsFragstats PatchPatch AnalistAnalist
LandscapeLandscape functionsfunctions–– InnerInner FunctionsFunctions: : NaturalnessNaturalness, , forestforest connectivityconnectivity–– OuterOuter FunctionsFunctions: : WildfireWildfire vulnerabilityvulnerability–– FunctionalFunctional modellingmodelling: : ConeforConefor
LandscapeLandscape dynamicsdynamics–– StructuralStructural changeschanges–– FunctionalFunctional changeschanges..–– DynamicDynamic modelmodel: SISPARES, : SISPARES, MarkovMarkov chainschains
LandscapeLandscape assessmentassessment & & monitoringmonitoring–– FutureFuture projectionsprojections andand diagnosisdiagnosis–– SimulationSimulation modelling:Prognosismodelling:Prognosis
EcologicalEcological evaluationevaluation ofof ecosystemecosystem restaurationrestauration at at LandscapeLandscape scalescale
indexindex
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M5 M5 La La EcologEcologííaa del del PaisajePaisajey y susu utilidadutilidad parapara
la la restauracirestauracióónn de de EcosistemasEcosistemas
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ObjetivosObjetivos, , ConceptosConceptos GeneralesGenerales y y DefinicionesDefiniciones
RamRamóón Elenan Elena--RossellRossellóó y y ValentValentíínn GGóómezmez--SanzSanz
UPMUPM--ETSI Montes, ETSI Montes, ForestalForestal y y MedioMedio NaturalNatural
M5 M5 La La EcologEcologííaa del del PaisajePaisajey y susu utilidadutilidad parapara
la la restauracirestauracióónn de de EcosistemasEcosistemas
Objetivos de la Materia 5Objetivos de la Materia 5
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M5 EcologM5 Ecologíía del Paisajea del PaisajeM
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LandscapeLandscape EcologyEcology isis a a branchbranch fromfrom thethe stemstem ofofTerrestrialTerrestrial EcologyEcology aimingaiming toto studystudy thethe landscapeslandscapesas as systemssystems ofof ecosystemsecosystems..
EcosystemEcosystem RestorationRestoration isis a a complexcomplex strategystrategyinvolvinginvolving differentdifferent technicaltechnical activitiesactivities aimingaiming totoimproveimprove thethe ecologicalecological conditionsconditions ofof anyany ecosystemecosystem
Objetivos de la Materia 5 Objetivos de la Materia 5
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EcosystemEcosystem RestorationRestoration isis thethe ““surgerysurgery ofof degradeddegradedlandscapeslandscapes”” wherewhere somesome ecosystemsecosystems are are ““illill””..
ForFor a a successfulsuccessful surgicalsurgical operationoperation thethe surgeonssurgeons needneedreliablereliable informationinformation aboutabout thethe patientpatient andand deseasedesease suppliedsuppliedby by thethe physiciansphysicians
EcosystemEcosystem RestorationRestoration isis a a complexcomplex strategystrategy involvinginvolvingdifferentdifferent technicaltechnical activitiesactivities aimingaiming toto improveimprove thetheecologicalecological conditionsconditions ofof a a givengiven ecosystemecosystem
LandscapeLandscape EcologyEcology similarlysimilarly providesprovides informationinformation thatthat isisessentialessential forfor thethe successfulsuccessful EcosystemEcosystem restorationrestoration..
Objetivos de la Materia 5 Objetivos de la Materia 5
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LandscapeLandscape structuralstructural andand functionalfunctional assessmentassessment willwillgivegive anan objectiveobjective procedureprocedure forfor selectingselecting thosethoseecosystemsecosystems toto be be restoredrestored..
LandscapeLandscape structuralstructural andand functionalfunctional dynamicsdynamics are are necessarynecessary forfor identifyidentify thethe LandscapeLandscape drivingdriving factorsfactorsresponsibleresponsible forfor thethe ecosystemecosystem degradationdegradation, , mostmostcrucial crucial duringduring thethe restorationrestoration worksworks
TheThe followfollow--up up ofof thethe restorationrestoration wouldwould be be easiereasier ififa a landscapelandscape modelmodel ofof thethe areaarea isis availableavailable..
LandscapeLandscape EcologyEcology can can helphelp at a at a EcosystemEcosystemRestorationRestoration in in differentdifferent times, times, allall alongalong thethe projectprojectdesigndesign, , iimplementationmplementation andand monitoringmonitoring
conceptconcept ofof landscapelandscape
LandscapeLandscapeLandschaftLandschaftLandschapLandschapLandskapLandskap
PaysagePaysagePaesaggioPaesaggioPaisagemPaisagem
PaisajePaisaje
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
LANDLAND
PAYSPAYS
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evolutionevolution ofof landscapelandscape CONCEPTCONCEPT
TraditionalTraditional conceptconceptSensorial Sensorial perceptionperception expressedexpressed by by artistsartists. . AntropocentricAntropocentric viewview ArtArt
GeographicalGeographical conceptconceptQualitativeQualitative andand economicaleconomicalAntropocentricAntropocentric ScienceScience
EcologicalEcological conceptconceptQuantitativeQuantitative andand systematicsystematicNo No AntropocentricAntropocentric ScienceScience
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
HHUUMMAANNSS
L A N DL A N D
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Land Land scapescape = = piecepiece ofof Land Land subjectivellysubjectivelly viewedviewed by by anan artistartist
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionsoldold traditionaltraditional artisticartistic conceptconcept ofof landscapelandscape
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""Extension of Extension of land land visiblevisible from a site"from a site"
""Extension ofExtension of land land considered from its artistic features"considered from its artistic features"
"Painting or drawing that represents"Painting or drawing that represents a certain piece of landa certain piece of land““
Diccionario Real Academia de la Lengua Española, 1992
ScapeScape == viewview
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionstraditionaltraditional artisticartistic conceptconcept ofof landscapelandscape
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““visualvisual formsforms adopted by the geographical facts, both physical adopted by the geographical facts, both physical and and humanhuman, written or graphical, as well as their , written or graphical, as well as their valuesvaluesgiven fromgiven from individual and socialindividual and social points of viewpoints of view““
Zoido 1989
landscapelandscape as as geographicgeographic scientificscientific conceptconcept
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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““landscapelandscape conceptconcept providedprovided spatialspatial dimensiondimension toto thethe ecologyecology””Forman and Godron, 1986
landscapelandscape as as ecologicalecological conceptconceptConcepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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““heterogeneous land areaheterogeneous land area composed of composed of a cluster of a cluster of interacting ecosystemsinteracting ecosystems
that is repeated in similar form throughout.that is repeated in similar form throughout.””Forman and Godron, 1986
landscapelandscape as as scientificscientific ecologicalecological conceptconcept
HumansHumans are are notnotthethe onlyonly usersusers ofofthethe landscapeslandscapes
Other Other species, especially animalsspecies, especially animals,,are the main users of landscape,are the main users of landscape,
from an ecological conceptfrom an ecological concept
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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““heterogeneous land areaheterogeneous land area composed of composed of a cluster of a cluster of interacting ecosystemsinteracting ecosystems
that is repeated in similar form throughout.that is repeated in similar form throughout.””Forman and Godron, 1986
landscapelandscape as as ecologicalecological conceptconcept
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
ALL ORGANISMS ALL ORGANISMS
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Landscape ecological structureLandscape ecological structure
Landscape functional dynamicsLandscape functional dynamics
Landscape evolutional dynamicsLandscape evolutional dynamics
Landscape ecological factorsLandscape ecological factors
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionslandscapelandscape ecologicalecological featuresfeatures
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Rowe, 1961
Landscape
landscape is alandscape is asystem of ecosystemssystem of ecosystems
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionslandscapelandscape ecologicalecological structurestructure
landscape is a landscape is a level of biological organizationlevel of biological organization
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““heterogeneous land areaheterogeneous land area composed of composed of a cluster of a cluster of interacting ecosystemsinteracting ecosystems
that is repeated in similar form throughout.that is repeated in similar form throughout.””Forman and Godron, 1986
StructuralStructural componentscomponentsofof thethe landscapelandscape
Functional components Functional components of the landscapeof the landscape
landscapelandscape ecologicalecologicalconceptconcept
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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landscape is a landscape is a system of system of interacting ecosystemsinteracting ecosystems
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionslandscapelandscape ecologicalecological functionfunction
landscape has to providelandscape has to provide matter and matter and energyenergy for ecosystem requirementsfor ecosystem requirements
For functioning, landscapes generatesFor functioning, landscapes generatesbiotic processes and geochemicalbiotic processes and geochemical flowsflows
through their ecosystems through their ecosystems
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landscape functional processes and flows landscape functional processes and flows
Wind ErosionWind ErosionGrazingGrazing
SeasonalSeasonalMigrationsMigrations
FireFire
Animal Animal DispersionDispersion
ZoogamyZoogamy
AnemogamyAnemogamy,,AnemocoryAnemocory
Gases, SolidsGases, Solids
Underground Underground Water FlowWater Flow
Water Erosion Water Erosion and riversand rivers
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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““ landscape is an area that islandscape is an area that isspatially heterogeneousspatially heterogeneous in at least one in at least one factorfactor””
Turner et al., 2002Turner et al., 2002
““ in order to understand the landscapein order to understand the landscape structure and functionstructure and functionthey have to identify the factors responsible ofthey have to identify the factors responsible of landscape patternlandscape pattern””
Urban , 2001
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionslandscapelandscape ecologicalecological factorsfactors ((driversdrivers))
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landscapelandscape ecologicalecological factorsfactors
Physical state factorsPhysical state factorsClimatic factorsClimatic factorsSoil factorsSoil factors
Biotic processesBiotic processesDemographics of species Demographics of species (establishment, growth, and (establishment, growth, and mortality)mortality)
Species dispersalSpecies dispersal
Disturbance RegimesDisturbance RegimesHuman land useHuman land useNatural disruptions: Natural disruptions: fires, fires,
pests, pests, ……
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
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1 1 Physical state factorsPhysical state factors
22 Biotic processesBiotic processes
33 Disturbance RegimesDisturbance Regimes
HierarchiallyHierarchially, , SuccessivelySuccessively, , InteractivelyInteractivelyat at differentdifferent scalesscales Turner et al., 2002
LANDSCAPE
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionslandscapelandscape ecologicalecological factor factor actionsactions
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resultingresulting landscapelandscape typestypes
Each type of factor makes a different type of LandscapeEach type of factor makes a different type of Landscape
Disturbance RegimesDisturbance RegimesHuman activitiesHuman activities
Urban, 2001
Biotic processesBiotic processesWild plants and animalsWild plants and animals
Physical factorsPhysical factorsGeology and ClimateGeology and Climate
GeomorphicGeomorphicLandscape Landscape
NaturalNaturalLandscape Landscape
CulturalCulturalLandscape Landscape
Time scale
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
GeomorphicGeomorphicLandscape Landscape
NaturalNaturalLandscape Landscape
CulturalCulturalLandscape Landscape
GeomorphicGeomorphicLandscape Landscape
NaturalNaturalLandscape Landscape
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Time scale
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
CulturalCulturalLandscape Landscape
GeomorphicGeomorphicLandscape Landscape
NaturalNaturalLandscape Landscape
resultingresulting landscapelandscape typestypes
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Time scale
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
GeomorphicGeomorphicLandscape Landscape Physical factorsPhysical factors
Geology and Climate Geology and Climate
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Time scale
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
NaturalNaturalLandscape Landscape
Physical factorsPhysical factorsGeology and Climate Geology and Climate
Biotic processesBiotic processesWild plants and animals Wild plants and animals
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Time scale
Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
CulturalCulturalLandscape Landscape
Disturbance RegimesDisturbance RegimesHuman activities Human activities
Physical factorsPhysical factorsGeology and Climate Geology and Climate
Biotic processesBiotic processesWild plants and animals Wild plants and animals
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Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
LANDLAND
ALL ORGANISMSALL ORGANISMS
Cultural Cultural landscapelandscape driversdrivers
HUMANSHUMANS
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Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY ECOLOGYECOLOGY
Cultural Cultural landscapelandscape: : basicbasic socioecologicalsocioecological conceptconcept
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS
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Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitionsCultural Cultural landscapelandscape: : basicbasic socioecologicalsocioecological conceptconcept
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
GEOLOGYGEOLOGY ECOLOGYECOLOGY
ECONOMICS ECONOMICS
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Concepts Concepts andand definitionsdefinitions
Rural landscape is anyone not urban nor industrial Rural landscape is anyone not urban nor industrial
rural rural landscapelandscape broadbroad definitiondefinition
Rural landscape drivers are:Rural landscape drivers are:Climate, geologyClimate, geologyBiotic processesBiotic processesHuman land useHuman land use
Rural landscapes might be:Rural landscapes might be:GeomorphicGeomorphicNaturalNaturalCulturalCulturalRural landscape land uses:Rural landscape land uses:
agrarian productionagrarian productionnature protectionnature protectiontransporttransportrecreation, energy, recreation, energy, …………
Rural landscape change:Rural landscape change:structure and functionstructure and functionat medium termat medium termaccording socioeconomics according socioeconomics limited by physical factorslimited by physical factorsM
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